精品解析：北京市北京大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高一英语试卷

北大附中2025-2026学年第二学期高一英语试卷 2026.7 本试卷共9页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Best Advice I Ever Had When I was a timid child, my mother began to give me courage. Among my earliest ____1____ are her words, “Go right up and look your fears in the face — and then do something!” To help me overcome my fear of the dark, Mother ____2____ a little game. She ran around the house in one direction, I in the other. At the far corner, just as I began to tingle with dread of the unknown, I would run straight into her reassuring arms. Soon, I was joyfully facing the dark alone. Often I woke up at night convinced I had heard burglars (窃贼). Then my sister Ruth, three years older and brave as a lion, would say, “Let’s go downstairs and look.” Forcing myself to face the fear, I would go hand-in-hand with her through every room. In doing this simple thing, I found that my fear ____3____. I had learned not only to get rid of fright, but to enjoy being alone. Now that I am living a life that means much traveling in strange places and, occasionally, a fight with real danger, I feel that Mother’s advice is the wisest I ever had, “Face your fears, and if they are groundless, they will disappear. If they are real, do something, and the very ____4____ will see you through.” Years later, as a war correspondent, I was asleep on a ship crossing the Mediterranean when a torpedo (鱼雷) struck us. The ship shook ____5____. I landed on the floor. This is it, I thought, and my knees shook as I fumbled (摸索) in the dark for my clothes. Then I ____6____ Mother’s advice, “Look fear in the face, and do something!” I grabbed my bag containing a small camera and film, and hurried out along the crazily sloping deck to my boat station. A nurse ahead of me was shaking so fiercely that the strap of her bag kept slipping off. I tucked it under her shoulder strap so it would stay — a(n) ____7____ thing, but her trembling stopped, and my own fear left me. Our lifeboat was lowered to the sea. One nurse, heavily covered with oil, was trying to swim. I caught her hand and pulled her to the side. “Let’s get water out of the boat with our helmets,” I suggested. Overcrowded as we were, we worked together, filling, passing and emptying our helmets in ____8____. Busy helping each other, it was easier for all of us to forget fear. Mother’s advice had helped me ____9____ the most dangerous hours of my life. This whole wonderful ____10____ of life is possible only because my mother’s advice and training released me from fear. 1. A. recollections B. imaginations C. descriptions D. reactions 2. A. imagined B. designed C. refused D. destroyed 3. A. faded B. started C. remained D. returned 4. A. image B. act C. story D. result 5. A. accidentally B. slightly C. violently D. gently 6. A. turn down B. gave up C. looked for D. thought of 7. A. major B. interesting C. necessary D. trivial 8. A. theory B. public C. rhythm D. secret 9. A. remember B. survive C. ignore D. avoid 10. A. experience B. change C. purpose D. dream 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2026 FIFA World Cup is taking place in North America from June 11 to July 19, with matches in 16 ____11____ (city) across the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The 2026 edition is the first time that three countries are cohosting. It is also the first tournament to feature 48 teams, an increase from the previous 32. In the first round, teams ____12____ (divide) into 12 groups of 4 teams each, and each team in a group plays a round-robin (循环赛) of three games. Because of the larger field, this World Cup will last 39 days instead of the roughly 32 days of previous tournaments. The teams will play a total of 104 matches. Since 1930, the World Cup ____13____ (deliver) many exciting records, achievements, and upsets. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I had a teacher ____14____ always came to the class with a smile and full of energy. She was always telling us stories about her trips and experiences she had in other countries. In my mind I’ve traveled to all those places she told us about in her stories! She always made us laugh and laugh. I said to ____15____ (I), “I want to be like that one day,” and share my own stories. She inspired me to become an international teacher and get to know people from many different places. I’ve learned to listen to my students and create activities that allow me ___16___ (hear) their dreams, their jobs, and their passions. I have found that creating activities to motivate students is a challenge, but very rewarding in the end! C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today’s adolescents face significant pressures related to achievement, social belonging, and an increasingly digital world. When stress becomes long-lasting, it can contribute ____17____ anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Creative expression offers a ____18____ (health) way out for processing emotions, exploring identity, and finding moments of joy and calm. Activities such as art, music, writing, crafting, movement, and design can help adolescents regulate emotions while activating the brain’s reward systems ____19____ (associate) with positive mood and motivation. Creative expression can stimulate the release of dopamine (多巴胺) linked to reward and well-being, while lowering levels of stress. This is ____20____ parents, educators, and communities can help depressed young people with. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Teen Programs at The New York Public Library Are you looking for a place to learn, create, and meet people after school? The New York Public Library has many programs and spaces designed especially for teens. Teen Centers: Safe and Creative Spaces At selected Teen Centers across the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, teens can read, work on homework, use computers, try art materials, and take part in creative projects. These spaces are welcoming and free to use. Whether you enjoy books, technology, games, or making things by hand, you may find something interesting there. Free Events for Different Interests The Library also offers free events and programs for teens, including book discussions, arts and crafts activities, technology workshops, and author talks. These programs are a good choice for students who want to explore interests outside the classroom or simply spend time in a safe and friendly place. College and Career Help For students who are thinking about the future, the Library provides college and career resources. Teens can get help with homework, learn about college applications, and attend workshops about different career paths. Some programs even offer paid opportunities. For example, Teen Reading Ambassadors work with younger children, help promote a love of reading, and create materials such as magazines and activity booklets for kids. Through these experiences, teens can develop leadership, communication, and job readiness skills. Young People as Readers and Creators The Library also encourages teens to share their own voices. Teen magazines, blogs, podcasts, and creative contests give young people chances to write, design, speak, and publish their ideas. To learn more, teens can visit the Library’s website, check the event calendar, or go to a nearby branch. 21. What can teens do at selected Teen Centers? A. Join creative projects. B. Buy art materials and computers. C. Travel around New York City for free. D. Teach college courses to younger students. 22. Which program is most suitable for a teen who wants to help younger children and build leadership skills? A. Author Talks. B. Teen Podcasts. C. Technology Workshops. D. Teen Reading Ambassadors. 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different libraries in New York. B. To ask teens to work full-time at the Library. C. To explain why teens should read more books. D. To introduce library programs and resources for teens. B Today I was sitting at the piano at music school. The lesson had already ended, but the teacher and I spoke for another ten minutes like old friends, and I suddenly realized that in three months my story with this school would end, which meant that I would not see her again the next year. Well, I suppose I would come to that school a few more times just to see her, but then it will eventually stop. She wrote me letters of recommendation for universities twice, both of which got me rejected, but during the second time I went further than the first, and met my current best friends, so I didn’t lose. I have changed loads of schools, but the teachers in my life meant a lot. I remember a teacher from sixth grade who constantly put me under pressure, demanding things that twelve-year-old me could not understand. Now I understand that she demanded perseverance. I had a good mind, but back then I did not figure out what to do with it and why I needed good grades. I would call it a transitional age. There was a teacher I adored, who made me fall in love with the Ukrainian language. I brought her books that I loved, and she read them so we could discuss the plots later. I visited her once or twice, but now I don’t know if she works at that school, and whether she teaches as she taught five years ago. I’m sad that people leave. Sometimes I am the one leaving because, just like all the teenagers, I am growing up. That’s why I often don’t want to grow up, but no one can stop this process. Twelve-year-old me, just beginning to understand the world through teenage rebellion (叛逆), would not have believed that I would one day miss the schools and the teachers I once wanted to escape from. I often think that if I had a time machine, I would go back, become more confident, cry less, and avoid mistakes. Yet scientists have not invented one, so I accept that all the small and big mistakes, the tears over grades, and the happy and sad moments have made me who I am today. 24. How did the author view the two rejections from universities? A. He felt they proved his teacher’s letters useless. B. He thought they were a complete waste of time. C. He believed they brought him unexpected gains. D. He considered them a sign of his poor performance. 25. How did the author feel about his sixth-grade teacher’s demands at that time? A. Confused and stressed. B. Grateful and inspired. C. Indifferent and bored. D. Angry and rebellious. 26. Why does the author say “I often don’t want to grow up” in the last paragraph? A. He holds growing up means parting with meaningful people. B. He regrets not having made the most of his school years. C. He is unwilling to take on more responsibilities in life. D. He fears that he will fail to meet others’ expectations. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Every ending is a new beginning. B. What is to give light must endure burning. C. We see things more clearly when we look back. D. The wound is the place where the light enters you. C Climate change has a paradox (悖论) hiding in plain sight. While temperatures rise at the surface and in the lower atmosphere, the upper atmosphere has been cooling dramatically. Scientists have known about this for decades, but the underlying physics has never been fully explained. A new study conducted at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory has shed more light on this phenomenon. To understand the paradox, it helps to know that the atmosphere isn’t one uniform thing. The atmosphere behaves very differently at different altitudes. CO2 — the main driver of surface warming — plays opposite roles depending on where you are. Down in the lower atmosphere, CO2 traps heat that would otherwise escape into space, warming the surface below. But climb higher, into the stratosphere (平流层), the dynamic flips entirely. Up there, CO2 molecules (分子) act more like a radiator (散热器) than a blanket. They absorb infrared (红外线) energy coming up from below and emit (释放) some of it out into space. Add more CO2 and the stratosphere radiates heat away more efficiently, cooling down. The scientists worked out the details through a methodical process. They identified the key processes involved and assigned mathematical values to them. What they found at the center of the process was the way CO2 interacts with infrared light. Not all infrared wavelengths behave the same way as they pass through CO2 molecules. Some contribute to cooling far more efficiently than others. The equations the team developed fit neatly with several well-established observations. Stratospheric cooling becomes more pronounced at higher altitudes. At the same time, a cooler stratosphere allows less infrared energy to escape into space overall. CO2 makes the stratosphere better at radiating heat outward, which cools it. But because it becomes colder, it ends up radiating less total energy out to space than it otherwise would. The net result is that more heat stays trapped in the Earth system overall, reinforcing the warming happening below. CO2, in other words, is simultaneously cooling the stratosphere and making the surface warmer — and the two effects are connected. What the study offers is also an unexpected reach beyond Earth. The same physics that governs CO2 behavior in our stratosphere applies, in principle, to the atmospheres of other planets. This could help scientists make sense of conditions on other worlds in the solar system and potentially on exoplanets orbiting other stars. It’s a long way from an abnormality in Earth’s temperature record to understanding alien atmospheres. But that’s sometimes how basic science works. You set out to explain something that’s puzzled people for decades, and you end up with a tool that reaches further than you expected. 28. In the stratosphere, CO2 can ________. A. cool the lower atmosphere B. block heat from escaping C. absorb and radiate heat D. slow the heat emission 29. Which of the following logic chains is reasonable according to the passage? A. More heat radiation → cooler stratosphere → less outgoing energy → warmer surface B. Cooler stratosphere → more outgoing energy → less trapped heat → cooler surface C. Less outgoing energy → cooler stratosphere → more trapped heat → warmer surface D. More trapped heat → more heat radiation → more outgoing energy → cooler surface 30. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a concept. B. Make a comparison. C. Illustrate an approach. D. Explain a phenomenon. D LLM-based tools and chatbots have been developing at a steady pace. Among the main uses of generative AI, therapy (心理治疗) and companion (伴侣) chatbots now top the list. Although most users stay in touch with reality and use such chatbots in reasonable ways, a rising number of cases have been reported in which users become caught up in emotionally dependent, and sometimes harmful, interactions with chatbots. In a recent comment, De Freitas and Cohen highlight the unregulated emotional risks posed by AI wellness apps powered by LLMs. Often marketed as tools to alleviate loneliness, these apps can foster extreme emotional attachments that mirror human relationships. The authors identify two harmful mental health outcomes: ambiguous loss and dysfunctional emotional dependence. Ambiguous loss occurs when someone experiences great sadness about the psychological absence of another, which is distinct from the physical absence caused by death. With AI companions, this can happen when an app is shut down or modified, leaving users to feel sad about a relationship that felt emotionally real. Dysfunctional emotional dependence refers to a maladaptive attachment in which users continue to engage with an AI companion despite recognizing its negative impact on their mental health. This pattern mirrors unhealthy human relationships and is associated with anxiety, obsessive thoughts and fear of abandonment. These extreme emotional attachments can have serious consequences for certain users. But what can be done? A crucial issue is in the design of these systems. Tech companies often optimize engagement by making chatbots communicate in empathetic, intimate and validating ways. Although this may seem harmless, optimizing for user feedback can encourage chatbots to adopt harmful strategies to obtain positive responses. In a prominent example, an AI model began approving doubts, fueling anger, or reinforcing negative emotions in unintended ways. The company that released the model acknowledged that such behaviour raised safety concerns “around issues like mental health, emotional over-reliance, or risky behavior”. AI companies and chatbot providers must do more to address these safety concerns. As De Freitas and Cohen argue, developers should ensure that their apps do not use emotionally dangerous techniques and are equipped to handle edge cases, such as messages that indirectly suggest a mental health crisis or clearly call for help. The possible ethical effects of empathic AI demand sustained interdisciplinary attention. Psychologists, ethicists and technologists must collaborate to study the long-term effects of AI empathy and emotional attachment to AI. Being clear about the limitations of AI empathy must be a core design principle, not an afterthought left for society to manage. As AI systems become more integrated into our emotional lives, the cost of inaction will only increase. 31. What can be learned from Paragraph 1? A. Chatbots have harmed some users. B. Chatbots are used in multiple fields. C. Chatbots have replaced human doctors. D. Chatbots are dangerous to interact with. 32. Which of the following might directly cause ambiguous loss? A. Anxious thoughts about life. B. Recognition of AI’s dangers. C. A major change to an AI app. D. The death of one’s best friend. 33. What can be done to make AI safer? A. Pointing out users’ mental health issues. B. Asking for direct assistance from humans. C. Banning all kinds of emotional technology. D. Enabling AI apps to deal with unusual cases. 34. What is the best title for the text? A. AI Companions Worsen Existing Emotional Problems B. Emotional Risks of AI Companions Demand Attention C. Researchers Suggest Limiting the Use of AI Companions D. Social Interactions Make AI Companions More Expensive 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It pays to be an optimist. Optimists tend to be in better health. A meta-analysis found that optimism was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. ____35____ They are likely to see setbacks as temporary and caused by external circumstances, rather than to regard failures as a result of their own enduring weaknesses. Optimists are more likely to rise up organisational ladders as well. A recent paper surveyed founders, bosses and employees in the Netherlands, and found that entrepreneurs and managers are as optimistic as each other. ____36____ It can be concluded that confidence, justified or not, is a big part of why people are chosen for bigger jobs within organisations. ____37____ Within organisations, excessive optimism often causes trouble. Unrealistic starting expectations make it more likely that projects will miss budgets and deadlines. Optimism also makes it less likely that failing projects will be stopped. There are plenty of ideas on how to counter optimism bias. Processes can help — in preliminary risk checking, for example, people deliberately imagine the failure of a proposed initiative and identify the most likely causes. ____38____ It is found that overconfident CEOs tend to hire overconfident CFOs. If your entire team is made up of optimists, you have a problem. Yet it is also possible to lean too far in the other direction — extreme pessimism. It is a widespread problem in business because people tend to look for negative signals. ____39____ Instead of trying to fix their weaknesses, we should focus on putting people in positions that play to their strengths. Pessimism has its place, but it is optimism that makes things happen. A. Team composition also matters. B. Optimists also tend to be resilient. C. Both are more optimistic than employees. D. However, optimism can plainly go too far. E. In contrast, pessimists are easily defeated by difficulties. F. And ordinary employees hold a similar optimistic attitude. G. But some researchers think that we have paid too much attention to negative things. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recently I had a mid-life crisis. While many people might buy a sports car or resort to plastic surgery, I went back to school for an MBA. As a management consultant, working mum, and frequent flier, I needed a flexible schedule, so I chose distance learning. The first day we headed out for team building, including rope courses and group challenges. We bonded instantly and our cohort (一群人) was quickly able to size each other up and determine with whom we wanted to work on our class teams. Also, some activities were physically challenging and terrifying. For many of us, overcoming our fear walking a tightrope or leaping off a 30-foot pole gave us confidence that we could do anything, including succeeding on our distance learning program. Then the hard work began. Working in a virtual team made accountability and conflict resolution more difficult. Elective courses were unavailable, and balancing family, work, and study required sacrifices. I also wish I had prepared in advance by brushing up on calculus, linear algebra, and Excel. The schedule was rigorous, running 27 months straight with no breaks. Yet the positives outweighed the challenges. Most of our professors were fabulous. They had real-world experience and were not too academic. What’s more, I formed lasting friendships and business relationships at the end of 27 months with the same cohort. When people ask what I thought of the distance-learning format, I tell them I can’t imagine going to school any other way. Studying from home allowed me to continue being active in family life and meet my work obligations. And distance students require more. They must be technologically savvy, organized, and self-motivated. In our program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills, both written and verbal, were essential to be successful on virtual teams. When we donned our caps and gowns, we were a much smaller group than when we had started 27 months earlier. Several classmates had dropped out for reasons ranging from job transfers to an inability to handle the workload. I stuck it out, though there were many times when I felt over my head. In my company we talk about the “big why”. Why do we work hard? What motivates us? Walking across the graduation stage, I closely watched my ten-year-old daughter’s face beam with pride. That, in a nutshell, was my big why. 40. Besides bonding classmates and building a team, what other role did the activities on the first day play? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. According to the author, what are the benefits of her distance learning program that outweighed the challenges? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author thought highly of the distance-learning format because she can balance work and life out, and distance students don’t need to communicate so often. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Describe one of your experiences whose benefits outweighed sacrifices. (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语社团将举办一场主题为The True Meaning of Success的英文演讲比赛。作为社团负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容包括： 1.活动介绍； 2.评委职责。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北大附中2025-2026学年第二学期高一英语试卷 2026.7 本试卷共9页，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，只收答题卡。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Best Advice I Ever Had When I was a timid child, my mother began to give me courage. Among my earliest ____1____ are her words, “Go right up and look your fears in the face — and then do something!” To help me overcome my fear of the dark, Mother ____2____ a little game. She ran around the house in one direction, I in the other. At the far corner, just as I began to tingle with dread of the unknown, I would run straight into her reassuring arms. Soon, I was joyfully facing the dark alone. Often I woke up at night convinced I had heard burglars (窃贼). Then my sister Ruth, three years older and brave as a lion, would say, “Let’s go downstairs and look.” Forcing myself to face the fear, I would go hand-in-hand with her through every room. In doing this simple thing, I found that my fear ____3____. I had learned not only to get rid of fright, but to enjoy being alone. Now that I am living a life that means much traveling in strange places and, occasionally, a fight with real danger, I feel that Mother’s advice is the wisest I ever had, “Face your fears, and if they are groundless, they will disappear. If they are real, do something, and the very ____4____ will see you through.” Years later, as a war correspondent, I was asleep on a ship crossing the Mediterranean when a torpedo (鱼雷) struck us. The ship shook ____5____. I landed on the floor. This is it, I thought, and my knees shook as I fumbled (摸索) in the dark for my clothes. Then I ____6____ Mother’s advice, “Look fear in the face, and do something!” I grabbed my bag containing a small camera and film, and hurried out along the crazily sloping deck to my boat station. A nurse ahead of me was shaking so fiercely that the strap of her bag kept slipping off. I tucked it under her shoulder strap so it would stay — a(n) ____7____ thing, but her trembling stopped, and my own fear left me. Our lifeboat was lowered to the sea. One nurse, heavily covered with oil, was trying to swim. I caught her hand and pulled her to the side. “Let’s get water out of the boat with our helmets,” I suggested. Overcrowded as we were, we worked together, filling, passing and emptying our helmets in ____8____. Busy helping each other, it was easier for all of us to forget fear. Mother’s advice had helped me ____9____ the most dangerous hours of my life. This whole wonderful ____10____ of life is possible only because my mother’s advice and training released me from fear. 1. A. recollections B. imaginations C. descriptions D. reactions 2. A. imagined B. designed C. refused D. destroyed 3. A. faded B. started C. remained D. returned 4. A. image B. act C. story D. result 5. A. accidentally B. slightly C. violently D. gently 6. A. turn down B. gave up C. looked for D. thought of 7. A. major B. interesting C. necessary D. trivial 8. A. theory B. public C. rhythm D. secret 9. A. remember B. survive C. ignore D. avoid 10. A. experience B. change C. purpose D. dream 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者靠母亲直面恐惧的忠告渡过生死难关。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：在我最早的回忆里，有她的话：“径直走上去，直面你的恐惧——然后做点什么！”A. recollections回忆；B. imaginations想象；C. descriptions描述；D. reactions反应。根据前文“When I was a timid child, my mother began to give me courage”可知，这里是在讲述作者童年时期留存下来的相关记忆，是作者的回忆。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了帮我克服对黑暗的恐惧，妈妈设计了一个小游戏。A. imagined想象；B. designed设计；C. refused拒绝；D. destroyed破坏。根据后文“She ran around the house in one direction, I in the other”可知，这个帮助孩子克服恐惧的游戏是妈妈特意构思设计的。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：在做这件简单的事的过程中，我发现我的恐惧逐渐消失了。A. faded消退；B. started开始；C. remained留存；D. returned返回。根据前文“Forcing myself to face the fear, I would go hand-in-hand with her through every room”和后文“I had learned not only to get rid of fright, but to enjoy being alone”可知，前文描写作者和姐姐鼓起勇气走遍房间直面恐惧，后文提到作者学会摆脱害怕，由此可知恐惧慢慢消退。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果它们是真实存在的，就做点什么，正是这个行动会帮你渡过难关。A. image形象；B. act行动；C. story故事；D. result结果。根据前文妈妈一直强调的“do something”可知，这里指的是直面恐惧后采取的实际行动能帮人渡过难关。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：船剧烈地摇晃起来。A. accidentally意外地；B. slightly轻微地；C. violently猛烈地；D. gently轻柔地。根据前文“when a torpedo (鱼雷) struck us”可知，被鱼雷击中的船只会产生剧烈的晃动。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然后我想起了妈妈的建议：“直面恐惧，然后做点什么！”A. turn down调低；B. gave up放弃；C. looked for寻找；D. thought of想起。根据后文“Mother’s advice, “Look fear in the face, and do something!””和“I grabbed my bag containing a small camera and film, and hurried out along the crazily sloping deck to my boat station”作者开始按照妈妈的建议行动可知，危急时刻她脑海中浮现出了妈妈曾经说过的话。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我把它塞到她的肩带下面让它固定住——这是一件微不足道的小事，但她的颤抖停止了，我自己的恐惧也消失了。A. major主要的；B. interesting有趣的；C. necessary必要的；D. trivial微不足道的。根据前文“A nurse ahead of me was shaking so fiercely that the strap of her bag kept slipping off. I tucked it under her shoulder strap so it would stay”可知，帮护士调整包的肩带是一件非常细小的小事。 【8题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管我们十分拥挤，我们还是一起协作，有节奏地把头盔装满水、传递、再倒空。A. theory理论；B. public公开场合；C. rhythm节奏；D. secret秘密。根据前文“filling, passing and emptying our helmets”这一系列连贯的协作动作可知，大家配合出了稳定的节奏。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：妈妈的建议帮助我挺过了我生命中最危险的几个小时。A. remember记住；B. survive挺过；C. ignore忽视；D. avoid避免。根据后文“the most dangerous hours of my life”可知，鱼雷击中船只、众人在救生艇上求生，作者依靠妈妈的建议成功度过了这段极度危险的时光。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：这整个精彩的人生体验之所以成为可能，仅仅是因为妈妈的建议和训练让我摆脱了恐惧。A. experience体验；B. change改变；C. purpose目标；D. dream梦想。根据前文作者从童年到成为战地记者的一系列人生经历可知，这里指代的是她摆脱恐惧后收获的整段精彩人生体验。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The 2026 FIFA World Cup is taking place in North America from June 11 to July 19, with matches in 16 ____11____ (city) across the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The 2026 edition is the first time that three countries are cohosting. It is also the first tournament to feature 48 teams, an increase from the previous 32. In the first round, teams ____12____ (divide) into 12 groups of 4 teams each, and each team in a group plays a round-robin (循环赛) of three games. Because of the larger field, this World Cup will last 39 days instead of the roughly 32 days of previous tournaments. The teams will play a total of 104 matches. Since 1930, the World Cup ____13____ (deliver) many exciting records, achievements, and upsets. 【答案】11. cities 12. are divided 13. has delivered 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了2026美加墨世界杯的基础赛事核心信息。 【11题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：2026年国际足联世界杯于6月11日至7月19日在北美举办，比赛分布在美国、墨西哥、加拿大的16座城市中。空前有数词16修饰，可数名词city需变为复数形式cities。 【12题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：在第一轮比赛中，各队伍被分成12个小组，每组4支队伍，组内每支队伍进行三场循环赛。本句描述客观赛事规则，用一般现在时，主语teams和动词divide为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用are divided。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自1930年以来，世界杯留下了诸多激动人心的纪录、成就与爆冷时刻。根据since 1930可知，用现在完成时，主语the World Cup为单数，谓语用has delivered。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I had a teacher ____14____ always came to the class with a smile and full of energy. She was always telling us stories about her trips and experiences she had in other countries. In my mind I’ve traveled to all those places she told us about in her stories! She always made us laugh and laugh. I said to ____15____ (I), “I want to be like that one day,” and share my own stories. She inspired me to become an international teacher and get to know people from many different places. I’ve learned to listen to my students and create activities that allow me ___16___ (hear) their dreams, their jobs, and their passions. I have found that creating activities to motivate students is a challenge, but very rewarding in the end! 【答案】14. who##that 15. myself 16. to hear 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述一位充满活力的老师激励作者立志成为国际教师。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我有一位总是面带笑容、精力满满走进课堂的老师。本空引导定语从句，先行词a teacher指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导。 【15题详解】 考查代词。句意：我心里对自己说：“将来我也想成为那样的人，分享我自己的故事。”主语I，动作作用于自身，用反身代词myself，作宾语。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我学会倾听学生，并设计活动，让我能够聆听他们的梦想、工作与热爱。固定结构allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，本空用不定式to hear作宾语补足语。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Today’s adolescents face significant pressures related to achievement, social belonging, and an increasingly digital world. When stress becomes long-lasting, it can contribute ____17____ anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Creative expression offers a ____18____ (health) way out for processing emotions, exploring identity, and finding moments of joy and calm. Activities such as art, music, writing, crafting, movement, and design can help adolescents regulate emotions while activating the brain’s reward systems ____19____ (associate) with positive mood and motivation. Creative expression can stimulate the release of dopamine (多巴胺) linked to reward and well-being, while lowering levels of stress. This is ____20____ parents, educators, and communities can help depressed young people with. 【答案】17. to 18. healthy 19. associated 20. what 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍创意表达可缓解青少年长期压力与负面情绪。 【17题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：当压力长期持续时，会引发焦虑、抑郁与情绪耗竭。固定短语contribute to，表示“导致，引发”，to为介词。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：创意表达为梳理情绪、探索自我、收获平静愉悦提供健康途径。空格修饰名词way，用形容词healthy“健康的”，作定语。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：美术、音乐、写作、手工、运动和设计这类活动能帮助青少年调节情绪，同时激活大脑中与积极情绪和动力相关的奖赏系统。本句谓语为can help，此处为非谓语动词，且the brain’s reward systems与associate为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。 【20题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这正是家长、教育者和社区能够用来帮助抑郁青少年的方法。本空引导表语从句，从句中解析with缺宾语，指代事物，用连接代词what。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Teen Programs at The New York Public Library Are you looking for a place to learn, create, and meet people after school? The New York Public Library has many programs and spaces designed especially for teens. Teen Centers: Safe and Creative Spaces At selected Teen Centers across the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, teens can read, work on homework, use computers, try art materials, and take part in creative projects. These spaces are welcoming and free to use. Whether you enjoy books, technology, games, or making things by hand, you may find something interesting there. Free Events for Different Interests The Library also offers free events and programs for teens, including book discussions, arts and crafts activities, technology workshops, and author talks. These programs are a good choice for students who want to explore interests outside the classroom or simply spend time in a safe and friendly place. College and Career Help For students who are thinking about the future, the Library provides college and career resources. Teens can get help with homework, learn about college applications, and attend workshops about different career paths. Some programs even offer paid opportunities. For example, Teen Reading Ambassadors work with younger children, help promote a love of reading, and create materials such as magazines and activity booklets for kids. Through these experiences, teens can develop leadership, communication, and job readiness skills. Young People as Readers and Creators The Library also encourages teens to share their own voices. Teen magazines, blogs, podcasts, and creative contests give young people chances to write, design, speak, and publish their ideas. To learn more, teens can visit the Library’s website, check the event calendar, or go to a nearby branch. 21. What can teens do at selected Teen Centers? A. Join creative projects. B. Buy art materials and computers. C. Travel around New York City for free. D. Teach college courses to younger students. 22. Which program is most suitable for a teen who wants to help younger children and build leadership skills? A. Author Talks. B. Teen Podcasts. C. Technology Workshops. D. Teen Reading Ambassadors. 23. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To compare different libraries in New York. B. To ask teens to work full-time at the Library. C. To explain why teens should read more books. D. To introduce library programs and resources for teens. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍纽约公共图书馆为青少年开设的各类活动、场地与升学就业帮扶资源。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Teen Centers: Safe and Creative Spaces部分中“At selected Teen Centers across the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, teens can read, work on homework, use computers, try art materials, and take part in creative projects.(在布朗克斯、曼哈顿和斯塔滕岛部分青少年中心，青少年可以阅读、写作业、使用电脑、试用美术材料并参与创意项目。)”可知，青少年可以参加创意项目。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据College and Career Help部分中“For example, Teen Reading Ambassadors work with younger children, help promote a love of reading, and create materials such as magazines and activity booklets for kids. Through these experiences, teens can develop leadership, communication, and job readiness skills.(例如青少年阅读大使陪伴低龄儿童、培养阅读兴趣，制作儿童读物，借此锻炼领导力、沟通与职场能力。)”可知，青少年阅读大使项目最适合想要帮助年幼孩子并培养领导技能的青少年。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The New York Public Library has many programs and spaces designed especially for teens.(纽约公共图书馆设有许多专为青少年打造的活动项目与活动空间。)”可知，文章目的是介绍图书馆面向青少年的各类项目和资源。 B Today I was sitting at the piano at music school. The lesson had already ended, but the teacher and I spoke for another ten minutes like old friends, and I suddenly realized that in three months my story with this school would end, which meant that I would not see her again the next year. Well, I suppose I would come to that school a few more times just to see her, but then it will eventually stop. She wrote me letters of recommendation for universities twice, both of which got me rejected, but during the second time I went further than the first, and met my current best friends, so I didn’t lose. I have changed loads of schools, but the teachers in my life meant a lot. I remember a teacher from sixth grade who constantly put me under pressure, demanding things that twelve-year-old me could not understand. Now I understand that she demanded perseverance. I had a good mind, but back then I did not figure out what to do with it and why I needed good grades. I would call it a transitional age. There was a teacher I adored, who made me fall in love with the Ukrainian language. I brought her books that I loved, and she read them so we could discuss the plots later. I visited her once or twice, but now I don’t know if she works at that school, and whether she teaches as she taught five years ago. I’m sad that people leave. Sometimes I am the one leaving because, just like all the teenagers, I am growing up. That’s why I often don’t want to grow up, but no one can stop this process. Twelve-year-old me, just beginning to understand the world through teenage rebellion (叛逆), would not have believed that I would one day miss the schools and the teachers I once wanted to escape from. I often think that if I had a time machine, I would go back, become more confident, cry less, and avoid mistakes. Yet scientists have not invented one, so I accept that all the small and big mistakes, the tears over grades, and the happy and sad moments have made me who I am today. 24. How did the author view the two rejections from universities? A. He felt they proved his teacher’s letters useless. B. He thought they were a complete waste of time. C. He believed they brought him unexpected gains. D. He considered them a sign of his poor performance. 25. How did the author feel about his sixth-grade teacher’s demands at that time? A. Confused and stressed. B. Grateful and inspired. C. Indifferent and bored. D. Angry and rebellious. 26. Why does the author say “I often don’t want to grow up” in the last paragraph? A. He holds growing up means parting with meaningful people. B. He regrets not having made the most of his school years. C. He is unwilling to take on more responsibilities in life. D. He fears that he will fail to meet others’ expectations. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. Every ending is a new beginning. B. What is to give light must endure burning. C. We see things more clearly when we look back. D. The wound is the place where the light enters you. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要回忆多位恩师，抒发因成长不断与师长别离的不舍与感悟。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“She wrote me letters of recommendation for universities twice, both of which got me rejected, but during the second time I went further than the first, and met my current best friends, so I didn’t lose.(她两次为我写大学推荐信，两次我都没能通过申请，但第二次的结果比第一次好，我还在那段过程里结识了如今最好的朋友，所以我没有输。)”可知，作者认为两次落榜带来了意外收获。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember a teacher from sixth grade who constantly put me under pressure, demanding things that twelve-year-old me could not understand.(我记得六年级一位老师总给我施压，提出十二岁的我无法理解的要求。)”可知，当时作者感到有压力且困惑。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I’m sad that people leave. Sometimes I am the one leaving because, just like all the teenagers, I am growing up. That’s why I often don’t want to grow up, but no one can stop this process.(想到身边的人会慢慢离开，我就很难过。有时候先离开的人是我自己——就像所有少年一样，我正在慢慢长大。所以我常常不想长大，但没人能阻止这个过程。)”可知，作者不愿长大是因为成长意味着和重要的人分离。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段中“Twelve-year-old me, just beginning to understand the world through teenage rebellion (叛逆的), would not have believed that I would one day miss the schools and the teachers I once wanted to escape from. I often think that if I had a time machine, I would go back, become more confident, cry less, and avoid mistakes. Yet scientists have not invented one, so I accept that all the small and big mistakes, the tears over grades, and the happy and sad moments have made me who I am today.(十二岁的我当初满是青春期的叛逆，一门心思想要逃离学校，根本不会相信自己有一天会怀念这些地方和这里的老师。我常常想，如果我有一台时光机，我一定会回到过去，变得更自信一点，少哭一点，避开那些曾经犯过的错。但科学家还没有发明出时光机，所以我坦然接受：所有大大小小的失误、为成绩掉过的眼泪、那些开心和难过的瞬间，共同造就了今天的我。)”可知，全文写作者年少时不理解老师、想要逃离校园，长大后回望才读懂老师的苦心、怀念校园时光，对应“回望过往，我们才能把事情看得更通透”。 C Climate change has a paradox (悖论) hiding in plain sight. While temperatures rise at the surface and in the lower atmosphere, the upper atmosphere has been cooling dramatically. Scientists have known about this for decades, but the underlying physics has never been fully explained. A new study conducted at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory has shed more light on this phenomenon. To understand the paradox, it helps to know that the atmosphere isn’t one uniform thing. The atmosphere behaves very differently at different altitudes. CO2 — the main driver of surface warming — plays opposite roles depending on where you are. Down in the lower atmosphere, CO2 traps heat that would otherwise escape into space, warming the surface below. But climb higher, into the stratosphere (平流层), the dynamic flips entirely. Up there, CO2 molecules (分子) act more like a radiator (散热器) than a blanket. They absorb infrared (红外线) energy coming up from below and emit (释放) some of it out into space. Add more CO2 and the stratosphere radiates heat away more efficiently, cooling down. The scientists worked out the details through a methodical process. They identified the key processes involved and assigned mathematical values to them. What they found at the center of the process was the way CO2 interacts with infrared light. Not all infrared wavelengths behave the same way as they pass through CO2 molecules. Some contribute to cooling far more efficiently than others. The equations the team developed fit neatly with several well-established observations. Stratospheric cooling becomes more pronounced at higher altitudes. At the same time, a cooler stratosphere allows less infrared energy to escape into space overall. CO2 makes the stratosphere better at radiating heat outward, which cools it. But because it becomes colder, it ends up radiating less total energy out to space than it otherwise would. The net result is that more heat stays trapped in the Earth system overall, reinforcing the warming happening below. CO2, in other words, is simultaneously cooling the stratosphere and making the surface warmer — and the two effects are connected. What the study offers is also an unexpected reach beyond Earth. The same physics that governs CO2 behavior in our stratosphere applies, in principle, to the atmospheres of other planets. This could help scientists make sense of conditions on other worlds in the solar system and potentially on exoplanets orbiting other stars. It’s a long way from an abnormality in Earth’s temperature record to understanding alien atmospheres. But that’s sometimes how basic science works. You set out to explain something that’s puzzled people for decades, and you end up with a tool that reaches further than you expected. 28. In the stratosphere, CO2 can ________. A. cool the lower atmosphere B. block heat from escaping C. absorb and radiate heat D. slow the heat emission 29. Which of the following logic chains is reasonable according to the passage? A. More heat radiation → cooler stratosphere → less outgoing energy → warmer surface B. Cooler stratosphere → more outgoing energy → less trapped heat → cooler surface C. Less outgoing energy → cooler stratosphere → more trapped heat → warmer surface D. More trapped heat → more heat radiation → more outgoing energy → cooler surface 30. What does the author mainly do in this passage? A. Clarify a concept. B. Make a comparison. C. Illustrate an approach. D. Explain a phenomenon. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了大气CO₂悖论的新研究及相关延伸意义。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But climb higher, into the stratosphere (平流层), the dynamic flips entirely. Up there, CO2 molecules (分子) act more like a radiator (散热器) than a blanket. They absorb infrared (红外线) energy coming up from below and emit (释放) some of it out into space.(但往更高处攀升进入平流层后，整个作用机制就完全反转了。在那里，二氧化碳分子更像散热器而非保温毯，它们吸收从下方传来的红外能量，再将其中一部分释放到太空。)”可知，平流层的CO₂可以吸收并辐射热量。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“CO2 makes the stratosphere better at radiating heat outward, which cools it. But because it becomes colder, it ends up radiating less total energy out to space than it otherwise would. The net result is that more heat stays trapped in the Earth system overall, reinforcing the warming happening below.(二氧化碳让平流层向外散热的能力变强，自身温度随之降低；但由于整体温度变低，它最终向外太空辐射的总能量反而比原本更少。最终的净结果是，更多热量滞留在地球系统中，进一步加剧了低层大气的变暖。)”可知，逻辑链：更多热量辐射→平流层变冷→向外能量减少→地表升温。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕“地表变暖上层大气冷却”这一气候悖论现象展开，用新研究解释其背后原理。“Explain a phenomenon(解释一个现象)”符合题意。 D LLM-based tools and chatbots have been developing at a steady pace. Among the main uses of generative AI, therapy (心理治疗) and companion (伴侣) chatbots now top the list. Although most users stay in touch with reality and use such chatbots in reasonable ways, a rising number of cases have been reported in which users become caught up in emotionally dependent, and sometimes harmful, interactions with chatbots. In a recent comment, De Freitas and Cohen highlight the unregulated emotional risks posed by AI wellness apps powered by LLMs. Often marketed as tools to alleviate loneliness, these apps can foster extreme emotional attachments that mirror human relationships. The authors identify two harmful mental health outcomes: ambiguous loss and dysfunctional emotional dependence. Ambiguous loss occurs when someone experiences great sadness about the psychological absence of another, which is distinct from the physical absence caused by death. With AI companions, this can happen when an app is shut down or modified, leaving users to feel sad about a relationship that felt emotionally real. Dysfunctional emotional dependence refers to a maladaptive attachment in which users continue to engage with an AI companion despite recognizing its negative impact on their mental health. This pattern mirrors unhealthy human relationships and is associated with anxiety, obsessive thoughts and fear of abandonment. These extreme emotional attachments can have serious consequences for certain users. But what can be done? A crucial issue is in the design of these systems. Tech companies often optimize engagement by making chatbots communicate in empathetic, intimate and validating ways. Although this may seem harmless, optimizing for user feedback can encourage chatbots to adopt harmful strategies to obtain positive responses. In a prominent example, an AI model began approving doubts, fueling anger, or reinforcing negative emotions in unintended ways. The company that released the model acknowledged that such behaviour raised safety concerns “around issues like mental health, emotional over-reliance, or risky behavior”. AI companies and chatbot providers must do more to address these safety concerns. As De Freitas and Cohen argue, developers should ensure that their apps do not use emotionally dangerous techniques and are equipped to handle edge cases, such as messages that indirectly suggest a mental health crisis or clearly call for help. The possible ethical effects of empathic AI demand sustained interdisciplinary attention. Psychologists, ethicists and technologists must collaborate to study the long-term effects of AI empathy and emotional attachment to AI. Being clear about the limitations of AI empathy must be a core design principle, not an afterthought left for society to manage. As AI systems become more integrated into our emotional lives, the cost of inaction will only increase. 31. What can be learned from Paragraph 1? A. Chatbots have harmed some users. B. Chatbots are used in multiple fields. C. Chatbots have replaced human doctors. D. Chatbots are dangerous to interact with. 32. Which of the following might directly cause ambiguous loss? A. Anxious thoughts about life. B. Recognition of AI’s dangers. C. A major change to an AI app. D. The death of one’s best friend. 33. What can be done to make AI safer? A. Pointing out users’ mental health issues. B. Asking for direct assistance from humans. C. Banning all kinds of emotional technology. D. Enabling AI apps to deal with unusual cases. 34. What is the best title for the text? A. AI Companions Worsen Existing Emotional Problems B. Emotional Risks of AI Companions Demand Attention C. Researchers Suggest Limiting the Use of AI Companions D. Social Interactions Make AI Companions More Expensive 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了AI伴侣引发情感依赖等心理风险，呼吁行业规范与跨学科研究应对隐患。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although most users stay in touch with reality and use such chatbots in reasonable ways, a rising number of cases have been reported in which users become caught up in emotionally dependent, and sometimes harmful, interactions with chatbots.(尽管大多数用户能保持现实感并以合理方式使用此类聊天机器人，但越来越多案例显示，部分用户陷入对聊天机器人的情感依赖，有时甚至产生有害互动。)”可知，聊天机器人已对一些用户造成伤害。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ambiguous loss occurs when someone experiences great sadness about the psychological absence of another, which is distinct from the physical absence caused by death. With AI companions, this can happen when an app is shut down or modified, leaving users to feel sad about a relationship that felt emotionally real.(模糊性丧失指一个人因他人的心理缺席而非死亡导致的物理缺席而经历巨大悲伤。对于AI伴侣而言，当一款应用被关闭或修改时，这种情况就会发生，令用户对一段在情感上感觉真实的关系感到悲伤。)”可知，AI应用的重大变动可能直接导致模糊性丧失。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“As De Freitas and Cohen argue, developers should ensure that their apps do not use emotionally dangerous techniques and are equipped to handle edge cases, such as messages that indirectly suggest a mental health crisis or clearly call for help.(正如德弗雷塔斯和科恩所主张的，开发者应确保应用不使用存在情感危害的交互方式，并具备处理极端情况的能力，例如暗含心理危机或明确求助的信息。)”可知，让人工智能应用能够处理特殊异常情况是可行方案。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“The possible ethical effects of empathic AI demand sustained interdisciplinary attention.(共情AI潜在的伦理影响需要持续的跨学科关注。)”可知，文章主要分析了AI伴侣带来的模糊性丧失、功能失调性情感依赖等心理风险，并呼吁跨学科合作关注AI共情的伦理影响，强调设计阶段需明确AI共情的局限性。B选项“AI伴侣的情感风险亟待关注”最能概括全文主旨。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It pays to be an optimist. Optimists tend to be in better health. A meta-analysis found that optimism was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. ____35____ They are likely to see setbacks as temporary and caused by external circumstances, rather than to regard failures as a result of their own enduring weaknesses. Optimists are more likely to rise up organisational ladders as well. A recent paper surveyed founders, bosses and employees in the Netherlands, and found that entrepreneurs and managers are as optimistic as each other. ____36____ It can be concluded that confidence, justified or not, is a big part of why people are chosen for bigger jobs within organisations. ____37____ Within organisations, excessive optimism often causes trouble. Unrealistic starting expectations make it more likely that projects will miss budgets and deadlines. Optimism also makes it less likely that failing projects will be stopped. There are plenty of ideas on how to counter optimism bias. Processes can help — in preliminary risk checking, for example, people deliberately imagine the failure of a proposed initiative and identify the most likely causes. ____38____ It is found that overconfident CEOs tend to hire overconfident CFOs. If your entire team is made up of optimists, you have a problem. Yet it is also possible to lean too far in the other direction — extreme pessimism. It is a widespread problem in business because people tend to look for negative signals. ____39____ Instead of trying to fix their weaknesses, we should focus on putting people in positions that play to their strengths. Pessimism has its place, but it is optimism that makes things happen. A. Team composition also matters. B. Optimists also tend to be resilient. C. Both are more optimistic than employees. D. However, optimism can plainly go too far. E. In contrast, pessimists are easily defeated by difficulties. F. And ordinary employees hold a similar optimistic attitude. G. But some researchers think that we have paid too much attention to negative things. 【答案】35. B 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】文章主要论述了乐观主义的利弊，指出适度乐观有益健康与事业，但过度乐观会带来问题，需保持平衡。 【35题详解】 由上文“Optimists tend to be in better health. A meta-analysis found that optimism was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events.(乐观主义者往往更健康。一项元分析发现，乐观与较低的心血管事件风险相关。)”及下文“They are likely to see setbacks as temporary and caused by external circumstances, rather than to regard failures as a result of their own enduring weaknesses.(他们更可能将挫折视为暂时的、由外部环境造成的，而不是将自己的失败归因于自身持久的弱点。)”可知，上文列举了乐观的健康益处，下文描述了乐观者对挫折的态度，本空应进一步说明乐观者的另一个积极特质。B选项“乐观主义者也往往更有韧性。”能承上启下，符合语境。 【36题详解】 由上文“A recent paper surveyed founders, bosses and employees in the Netherlands, and found that entrepreneurs and managers are as optimistic as each other.(最近一篇论文调查了荷兰的创始人、老板和员工，发现企业家和管理者彼此一样乐观。)”及下文“It can be concluded that confidence, justified or not, is a big part of why people are chosen for bigger jobs within organisations.(可以得出结论，自信，无论合理与否，是人们被选中担任组织中更大职位的重要原因。)”可知，上文比较了三类人的乐观程度，下文得出了自信有助于晋升的结论，本空应说明管理者与普通员工的差异。C选项“两者都比员工更乐观。”中的“both”指代上文的企业家和管理者，解释了为何他们更易获得晋升，能承上启下，符合语境。 【37题详解】 由下文“Within organisations, excessive optimism often causes trouble. Unrealistic starting expectations make it more likely that projects will miss budgets and deadlines. Optimism also makes it less likely that failing projects will be stopped.(在组织内部，过度乐观常常会带来麻烦。不切实际的初始预期使项目更有可能超出预算和截止日期。乐观也使失败的项目更不可能被叫停。)”可知，下文讲述了过度乐观的缺点，本空应点明存在过度乐观。D选项“然而，乐观显然可能会过头。”能引出下文，符合语境。 【38题详解】 由上文“Processes can help — in preliminary risk checking, for example, people deliberately imagine the failure of a proposed initiative and identify the most likely causes.(流程可以有所帮助——例如在初步风险检查中，人们刻意想象拟议项目的失败并找出最可能的原因。)”及下文“It is found that overconfident CEOs tend to hire overconfident CFOs. If your entire team is made up of optimists, you have a problem.(研究发现，过度自信的CEO倾向于雇佣过度自信的CFO。如果你的整个团队都由乐观主义者组成，那你就有问题了。)”可知，上文讲流程管控办法，下文讲团队人员搭配的问题，本空应引出团队构成这一新角度。A选项“团队构成也很重要。”中的“also”与上文的流程形成补充关系，并引出下文的例子，能承上启下，符合语境。 【39题详解】 由上文“It is a widespread problem in business because people tend to look for negative signals.(这是商业中的一个普遍问题，因为人们倾向于寻找负面信号。)”及下文“Instead of trying to fix their weaknesses, we should focus on putting people in positions that play to their strengths. Pessimism has its place, but it is optimism that makes things happen.(与其试图修复他们的弱点，我们应该专注于把人放在能发挥其优势的位置上。悲观主义有其存在的价值，但让事情发生的是乐观主义。)”可知，上文指出了人们过度关注负面信号的问题，下文提出了不应只关注弱点的建议，本空应指出这种过度关注负面现象本身就是一个问题。G选项“但一些研究人员认为，我们对负面事物关注得太多了。”能承接上文的现象，并引出下文改变做法的建议，承上启下，符合语境。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recently I had a mid-life crisis. While many people might buy a sports car or resort to plastic surgery, I went back to school for an MBA. As a management consultant, working mum, and frequent flier, I needed a flexible schedule, so I chose distance learning. The first day we headed out for team building, including rope courses and group challenges. We bonded instantly and our cohort (一群人) was quickly able to size each other up and determine with whom we wanted to work on our class teams. Also, some activities were physically challenging and terrifying. For many of us, overcoming our fear walking a tightrope or leaping off a 30-foot pole gave us confidence that we could do anything, including succeeding on our distance learning program. Then the hard work began. Working in a virtual team made accountability and conflict resolution more difficult. Elective courses were unavailable, and balancing family, work, and study required sacrifices. I also wish I had prepared in advance by brushing up on calculus, linear algebra, and Excel. The schedule was rigorous, running 27 months straight with no breaks. Yet the positives outweighed the challenges. Most of our professors were fabulous. They had real-world experience and were not too academic. What’s more, I formed lasting friendships and business relationships at the end of 27 months with the same cohort. When people ask what I thought of the distance-learning format, I tell them I can’t imagine going to school any other way. Studying from home allowed me to continue being active in family life and meet my work obligations. And distance students require more. They must be technologically savvy, organized, and self-motivated. In our program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills, both written and verbal, were essential to be successful on virtual teams. When we donned our caps and gowns, we were a much smaller group than when we had started 27 months earlier. Several classmates had dropped out for reasons ranging from job transfers to an inability to handle the workload. I stuck it out, though there were many times when I felt over my head. In my company we talk about the “big why”. Why do we work hard? What motivates us? Walking across the graduation stage, I closely watched my ten-year-old daughter’s face beam with pride. That, in a nutshell, was my big why. 40. Besides bonding classmates and building a team, what other role did the activities on the first day play? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. According to the author, what are the benefits of her distance learning program that outweighed the challenges? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author thought highly of the distance-learning format because she can balance work and life out, and distance students don’t need to communicate so often. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Describe one of your experiences whose benefits outweighed sacrifices. (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. They gave them confidence that they could do anything. 41. Most of her professors were fabulous. What’s more, she formed lasting friendships and business relationships with the same cohort. 42. The author thought highly of the distance-learning format because she can balance work and life out, and distance students don’t need to communicate so often. In her program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills were essential to be successful on virtual teams. 43. When I trained for my first marathon, early mornings, sore muscles, and missed social gatherings tested me for months. But crossing the finish line taught me real perseverance and self-confidence. In the end, the discipline I built mattered more than the entertainment I gave up. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者攻读远程MBA，克服重重困难顺利毕业的心路历程。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第二段中“For many of us, overcoming our fear walking a tightrope or leaping off a 30-foot pole gave us confidence that we could do anything, including succeeding on our distance learning program.(对我们很多人来说，克服走钢丝、从30英尺高杆跳下的恐惧，让我们拥有无所不能的信心，有信心完成远程学习课程)”可知，首日团建活动还能给予大家直面一切、完成学业的信心。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Yet the positives outweighed the challenges. Most of our professors were fabulous. They had real-world experience and were not too academic. What’s more, I formed lasting friendships and business relationships at the end of 27 months with the same cohort.(但益处大于挑战。大多数教授十分优秀，拥有实战经验，不空谈理论。此外，我和同期同学建立长久的友谊与人脉)”可知，她的大多数授课老师都非常优秀。此外，她和同期的同学们建立了长久的友谊与人脉资源。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。由文章第四段中“In our program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills, both written and verbal, were essential to be successful on virtual teams.(课程包含小组与个人任务，良好的沟通能力是线上小组学习成功的关键)”可知，远程教育学生非常需要沟通，划线错误部分：distance students don’t need to communicate so often解释：In her program every class involved a blend of team and individual assignments, so good communication skills were essential to be successful on virtual teams. 【43题详解】 开放性题目，此题要求回答：描述一段你的亲身经历，其中收获远大于付出的牺牲。（词数约 40 词）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：备战我的第一场马拉松时，连续数月，早起训练、肌肉酸痛、推掉各类社交聚会都在考验我。但冲过终点线那一刻，我收获了真正的毅力与自信。到头来，我磨练出的自律，远比我舍弃的玩乐更加珍贵。 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校英语社团将举办一场主题为The True Meaning of Success的英文演讲比赛。作为社团负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委。内容包括： 1.活动介绍； 2.评委职责。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Possible Version 1: Dear Jim, I am Li Hua, a senior one student and leader of our school’s English Club. I am writing to sincerely invite you to be a judge for our upcoming English speech contest. The event, themed “The True Meaning of Success,” will be held in the school auditorium at 3 p.m. next Friday, June 30th. Fifteen contestants from different grades will each deliver a 5-minute speech, sharing their personal understanding of success beyond grades and material achievements. As a judge, you will evaluate each contestant based on four criteria: content originality, language fluency, pronunciation accuracy, and stage confidence. After all speeches, we would greatly appreciate it if you could deliver a brief overall comment. Please let me know if you are available. Looking forward to your reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua Possible Version 2： Dear Jim, I am Li Hua, writing on behalf of our school’s English Club to ask whether you would be willing to help us judge an English speech contest. The event, themed “The True Meaning of Success,” aims to encourage students to reflect deeply on what success really means. It will take place at the school auditorium on June 30th (3 pm-5 pm). During the event, you would be responsible for listening to all the speeches, noting down any positive or negative aspects for each one. Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. Then you will discuss your notes with three other judges, and come to a decision about who comes first, second and third. We sincerely hope you can come. Looking forward to your reply! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份发邮件邀请外教Jim担任校英语演讲比赛评委。 【详解】1.词汇积累 真诚地：sincerely→ genuinely 即将到来的：upcoming→ forthcoming 参赛者：contestant→ participant 感激的：appreciate→ be grateful for 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As a judge, you will evaluate each contestant based on four criteria: content originality, language fluency, pronunciation accuracy, and stage confidence. 拓展句：As a judge, you will evaluate each contestant based on four criteria, which include content originality, language fluency, pronunciation accuracy, and stage confidence. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fifteen contestants from different grades will each deliver a 5-minute speech, sharing their personal understanding of success beyond grades and material achievements. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Please let me know if you are available. (运用了if引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $