Unit 1 Reading and Thinking（阅读课讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

本讲义围绕“John Snow战胜霍乱”主题展开阅读教学，通过问题链、名言解读与情境导入激活兴趣，Pre-reading环节以词汇匹配、背景填空和标题预测搭建认知基础，While Reading分层训练略读（分段概括）、查读（信息补全）、精读（事实/推理/评价问题链）及语境词汇技能，Post Reading通过Story Mountain图表分析篇章结构并升华主题，形成完整阅读学习支架。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质培养，如分层问题链从事实理解到评价思考，引导学生分析Snow的科学方法提升批判思维，语境词汇练习结合文本强化语言运用。多样化Homework（主题阅读对比、语言巩固填空、读后续写启蒙）满足不同需求，课中助力教师实施深度阅读教学，课后帮助学生巩固语言知识、查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Unit 5 Reading and Thinking （阅读课讲义） 目录 1. Lead in 2. Pre-reading 3. While Reading 4. Post Reading 5. Homework 1. Lead in 一、问题链导入 1.Look at the picture on page 1 and discuss: Where do you think this photo was taken? What are the students doing? 2.Have you ever been to a science lab or a science museum? What was it like? 3.Would you like to work in a scientific field in the future? Why or why not? 二、名言解读 "To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires a creative imagination and marks real advance in science." — Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld Question: What does this quote tell us about science? 三、情境导入 Imagine this: It's 1854 in London. A deadly disease called cholera is spreading fast. Over 500 people die in just 10 days on two streets. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it. People are terrified. Then one doctor steps up to solve the mystery. Who is he? How did he do it? Let's find out together!2. Pre-reading 一、话题词汇预热 Match the words with their meanings: A. cholera 1. a serious disease causing diarrhoea and dehydration B. outbreak 2. the sudden start of a disease C. pump 3. a device for moving water D. germ 4. a very small living thing that causes disease E. epidemiologist 5. a scientist who studies how diseases spread | 二、 背景知识铺垫 What do you know about cholera? (Read the first paragraph of the passage to find out.) Fill in the blanks: Cholera causes __________, __________, and even __________. In the early 19th century, an outbreak hit __________ and millions of people _____. A British doctor named __________ eventually showed how it could be overcome. 三、基于标题与插图的预测 1.Look at the title: "JOHN SNOW DEFEATS 'KING CHOLERA'" Discuss in pairs: Why do you think cholera is called "King Cholera"? What does "defeats" suggest about the story? What do you think Snow did to defeat it? 2.Look at the map on page 2: What do the black bars (■) represent? What does "PH" stand for? 3. While Reading-Text1 Activity 1: Skimming（略读）— Check Your Prediction Task 1: Skim the passage quickly and check if your prediction about the order of scientific research stages was correct. Task 2: Divide the passage into 3 parts and summarize the main idea: Part Paragraphs Main Idea Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Activity 2: Scanning（查读）— Complete the Chart Read the passage carefully and complete the chart on page 2 of your textbook. A It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ______ or germs in ______. B Snow ______ the places where the people who ______ had lived. C Many deaths occurred near the ______ in Broad Street. D The pump water carried ______. E A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ______. F The ______ of the pump was removed. Match the following headers with the letters: Activity 3: Detailed Reading（精读）—分层问题链 Level 1: Factual Questions（事实理解） 1.What symptoms does cholera cause? 2.What were the two contradictory theories about cholera in Snow's time? 3. Which theory did Snow subscribe to? 4. What did Snow do when the 1854 outbreak hit London? 5. What did Snow conclude after his investigation? 6. What did Snow do to stop the outbreak?  Level 2: Inferential Questions（推理判断） 1. Why did Snow need "proof" even though he believed the second theory was correct? 2.Why did the people at 7 Cambridge Street not get cholera?  They worked in the pub and were given free beer, so they didn't drink the pump water. 3.What does the story of the woman and her daughter tell us?  It supports Snow's theory—they died from cholera after drinking the pump water even though they had moved away. 4.What does "the disease was stopped in its tracks" mean? Level 3: Evaluative Questions（评价思考） 1.Why is John Snow called the "father of modern epidemiology"? 2.How does this story show the importance of scientific thinking? Activity 4: Vocabulary in Context（语境词汇） Find the words in the passage that match these definitions: Definition Word a serious illness causing diarrhoea __________ the sudden start of something unpleasant __________ a device used to get water from the ground __________ a small living thing that causes disease __________ a person who studies how diseases spread __________ a place where alcoholic drinks are served __________ the part of a pump you hold to operate it __________ 4. Post Reading 一、篇章结构图表（Story Mountain） Based on the passage, complete the structural analysis table below. Use NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS for each blank. Stage Paragraph(s) Key Event Summary (≤10 words) Beginning (Problem) Para __ Cholera was a deadly disease; nobody knew the cause or cure ① _________________________________ Rising Action①  (Background) Para __ Snow became a famous doctor but never gave up fighting cholera ② _________________________________ Rising Action②  (Theory) Para __ Snow believed in the germ theory but needed proof ③ _________________________________ Rising Action③  (Investigation) Para __ Snow investigated the 1854 outbreak and marked deaths on a map ④ _________________________________ Climax (Action) Para __ Snow discovered the pump was the source and removed the handle ⑤ _________________________________ Falling Action (Result) Para __ The outbreak was stopped; water companies sold clean water ⑥ _________________________________ Resolution (Legacy) Para __ Snow is honoured as the father of modern epidemiology ⑦ _________________________________ 二、写作手法与逻辑分析 A. What makes this passage effective? B. Rhetorical devices（修辞手法）: 三、主题升华 Discuss in groups: What qualities made John Snow a great scientist? What does this story teach us about the nature of science? How has Snow's work affected our daily lives? 5. Homework Option 1: 主题阅读与写作 Read the passage below about another disease-fighting scientist and answer the questions. Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who made groundbreaking discoveries in the 19th century. He is best known for developing vaccines for rabies and anthrax, and for inventing the process of pasteurisation, which kills harmful bacteria in food and drinks. Like John Snow, Pasteur faced many challenges. At the time, many scientists did not believe that germs caused diseases. Pasteur conducted experiments that proved the germ theory of disease, changing medicine forever. His work saved countless lives and laid the foundation for modern microbiology. One of Pasteur's most famous experiments involved swan-necked flasks. He showed that bacteria did not appear in broth unless it was exposed to air containing dust and germs. This proved that spontaneous generation (the idea that life could appear from nothing) was false. Pasteur's motto was: "In the fields of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind." Questions: 1.What two things is Louis Pasteur famous for? 2.What did Pasteur prove with his swan-necked flask experiment? 3.Compare Pasteur and Snow. Give ONE similarity and ONE difference. Similarity: Difference: 4.What does Pasteur's motto mean to you? Explain in your own words. (3 points) Option 2: 语言巩固 Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words from the passage. 1.Cholera causes __________ diarrhoea and can lead to death. 2.The doctors had two __________ theories about how the disease spread. 3.Snow __________ to the theory that germs caused cholera. 4.He needed __________ before he could announce his discovery. 5.Snow __________ that the water pump was to blame. 6.The __________ of the pump was removed to stop the disease. 7.Snow's work __________ the way scientists study diseases. 8.He is considered the father of modern __________. 答案：1.severe 2. contradictory 3. subscribed 4. proof 5. suspected 6. handle 7.transformed 8.epidemiology Option 3: 读后续写启蒙（要素感知） Imagine you are a journalist in 1854 London. Write a short news report (about 80-100 words) about John Snow's discovery and the removal of the pump handle. Include these elements: WHAT happened (the outbreak) WHO solved it (John Snow) HOW he solved it (the investigation) WHY it matters Example: CHOLERA OUTBREAK STOPPED! London, September 1854 — A deadly cholera outbreak has been stopped thanks to the quick action of Dr John Snow. Over 500 people died in just ten days on Broad Street. Dr Snow marked on a map where the deaths occurred and found that most were near the water pump. He suspected the pump water carried germs. After having the pump handle removed, the disease stopped spreading. This discovery could change how we fight cholera forever! Your turn (write here): 14 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Reading and Thinking （阅读课讲义） 目录 1. Lead in 2. Pre-reading 3. While Reading 4. Post Reading 5. Homework 1. Lead in 一、问题链导入 1.Look at the picture on page 1 and discuss: Where do you think this photo was taken? What are the students doing? 答案: It looks like a science laboratory/museum. The students are probably doing experiments or observing scientific samples. 2.Have you ever been to a science lab or a science museum? What was it like? 答案:Free answers from students. 3.Would you like to work in a scientific field in the future? Why or why not? 答案:Free answers from students. 二、名言解读 "To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires a creative imagination and marks real advance in science." — Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld Question: What does this quote tell us about science? 答案:Science is not just about facts; it requires curiosity, creativity, and looking at things differently. 三、情境导入 Imagine this: It's 1854 in London. A deadly disease called cholera is spreading fast. Over 500 people die in just 10 days on two streets. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it. People are terrified. Then one doctor steps up to solve the mystery. Who is he? How did he do it? Let's find out together! 2. Pre-reading 一、话题词汇预热 Match the words with their meanings: A. cholera 1. a serious disease causing diarrhoea and dehydration B. outbreak 2. the sudden start of a disease C. pump 3. a device for moving water D. germ 4. a very small living thing that causes disease E. epidemiologist 5. a scientist who studies how diseases spread | 答案： A → 1 B → 2 C → 3 D → 4 E → 5 二、 背景知识铺垫 What do you know about cholera? (Read the first paragraph of the passage to find out.) Fill in the blanks: Cholera causes __________, __________, and even __________. In the early 19th century, an outbreak hit __________ and millions of people _____. A British doctor named __________ eventually showed how it could be overcome. 答案: severe diarrhoea, dehydration, death Europe, died John Snow 三、基于标题与插图的预测 1.Look at the title: "JOHN SNOW DEFEATS 'KING CHOLERA'" Discuss in pairs: Why do you think cholera is called "King Cholera"? 答案: Because it was the most feared disease and "ruled" over people's lives. What does "defeats" suggest about the story? 答案:It suggests a battle/victory—Snow fought against cholera and won. What do you think Snow did to defeat it? 答案:e.g., found a cure, discovered the cause, stopped the spread. 2.Look at the map on page 2: What do the black bars (■) represent? 答案:They represent deaths from cholera. What does "PH" stand for? 答案: Public house (pub). 3. While Reading-Text1 Activity 1: Skimming（略读）— Check Your Prediction Task 1: Skim the passage quickly and check if your prediction about the order of scientific research stages was correct. 答案：1. Find a problem 2. Ask a question 3. Think of a method 4. Collect data 5. Analyse the results 6. Find supporting evidence 8. Draw a conclusion Task 2: Divide the passage into 3 parts and summarize the main idea: 答案： Part Paragraphs Main Idea Part 1 Para 1 Introduction to Snow and cholera Part 2 Paras 2-3 Snow's investigation and evidence Part 3 Para 4 Conclusion and Snow's legacy Activity 2: Scanning（查读）— Complete the Chart Read the passage carefully and complete the chart on page 2 of your textbook. A It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ______ or germs in ______. B Snow ______ the places where the people who ______ had lived. C Many deaths occurred near the ______ in Broad Street. D The pump water carried ______. E A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ______. F The ______ of the pump was removed. 答案: A: air, food or water B: marked, died C: water pump D: cholera germs E: moving away from Broad Street (or drinking the pump water) F: handle Match the following headers with the letters: 答案： conclusion → F evidence → C, D, E (multiple) process → B solution → F theories → A Activity 3: Detailed Reading（精读）—分层问题链 Level 1: Factual Questions（事实理解） 1.What symptoms does cholera cause? 答案: Severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. 2.What were the two contradictory theories about cholera in Snow's time? 答案: Theory 1: Bad air caused the disease. Theory 2: Cholera was caused by germs in food or water. 3. Which theory did Snow subscribe to? 答案: The second theory (germs in food or water). 4. What did Snow do when the 1854 outbreak hit London? 答案: He began to investigate. He marked on a map where the dead had lived. 5. What did Snow conclude after his investigation? 答案: The pump water carried cholera germs. 6. What did Snow do to stop the outbreak? 答案: He had the handle of the pump removed.  Level 2: Inferential Questions（推理判断） 1. Why did Snow need "proof" even though he believed the second theory was correct? 答案:Because scientific theories need evidence to be accepted by others. 2.Why did the people at 7 Cambridge Street not get cholera? 答案: They worked in the pub and were given free beer, so they didn't drink the pump water. 3.What does the story of the woman and her daughter tell us? 答案: It supports Snow's theory—they died from cholera after drinking the pump water even though they had moved away. 4.What does "the disease was stopped in its tracks" mean? 答案:It means the spread of the disease was stopped immediately/quickly. Level 3: Evaluative Questions（评价思考） 1.Why is John Snow called the "father of modern epidemiology"? 答案: Because he used maps and statistics to study diseases, transforming the way scientists investigate outbreaks. 2.How does this story show the importance of scientific thinking? 答案: It shows that we should not just accept theories blindly; we need evidence, careful observation, and logical reasoning. Activity 4: Vocabulary in Context（语境词汇） Find the words in the passage that match these definitions: Definition Word a serious illness causing diarrhoea __________ the sudden start of something unpleasant __________ a device used to get water from the ground __________ a small living thing that causes disease __________ a person who studies how diseases spread __________ a place where alcoholic drinks are served __________ the part of a pump you hold to operate it __________ 答案： cholera, outbreak, pump, germ, epidemiologist, pub/public house, handle 4. Post Reading 一、篇章结构图表（Story Mountain） Based on the passage, complete the structural analysis table below. Use NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS for each blank. Stage Paragraph(s) Key Event Summary (≤10 words) Beginning (Problem) Para __ Cholera was a deadly disease; nobody knew the cause or cure ① _________________________________ Rising Action①  (Background) Para __ Snow became a famous doctor but never gave up fighting cholera ② _________________________________ Rising Action②  (Theory) Para __ Snow believed in the germ theory but needed proof ③ _________________________________ Rising Action③  (Investigation) Para __ Snow investigated the 1854 outbreak and marked deaths on a map ④ _________________________________ Climax (Action) Para __ Snow discovered the pump was the source and removed the handle ⑤ _________________________________ Falling Action (Result) Para __ The outbreak was stopped; water companies sold clean water ⑥ _________________________________ Resolution (Legacy) Para __ Snow is honoured as the father of modern epidemiology ⑦ _________________________________ 答案： Stage Paragraph(s) Key Event Summary (Answer) Beginning Para 1 Cholera was a deadly disease; nobody knew the cause or cure ① Cholera killed millions; cause unknown Rising Action ① Para 1 Snow became a famous doctor but never gave up fighting cholera ② Snow became famous but still wanted to defeat cholera Rising Action ② Para 2 Snow believed in the germ theory but needed proof ③ Snow believed in germ theory but lacked proof Rising Action ③ Para 3 Snow investigated the 1854 outbreak and marked deaths on a map ④ Snow investigated and mapped the deaths Climax Para 3 Snow discovered the pump was the source and removed the handle ⑤ Snow removed the handle → cholera stopped Falling Action Para 4 The outbreak was stopped; water companies sold clean water ⑥ Clean water sold; cholera threat decreased Resolution Para 4 Snow is honoured as the father of modern epidemiology ⑦ Snow became father of modern epidemiology 二、写作手法与逻辑分析 A. What makes this passage effective? 答案：1. Chronological order（时间顺序）: The story is told from Snow's early life → his investigation → his discovery → his legacy. 2. Problem-solution pattern（问题-解决模式）: Problem: Cholera was killing thousands. Cause: Unknown (two theories). Investigation: Snow collected data and mapped deaths. Solution: Removed pump handle → stopped outbreak. Legacy: Changed how we study diseases. 3. Use of evidence（证据运用）: The map showing deaths clustered near the pump The case of the woman and daughter who moved away The pub workers who didn't get sick 4.Scientific reasoning（科学推理）: Observation → Hypothesis → Data collection → Analysis → Conclusion → Action B. Rhetorical devices（修辞手法）: 答案：Metaphor（隐喻）: "King Cholera" — personifying cholera as a powerful ruler. Contrast（对比）: The two contradictory theories. Cause and effect（因果）: The pump water → cholera; removing the handle → stopping the disease. 三、主题升华 Discuss in groups: What qualities made John Snow a great scientist? 答案： Curiosity, persistence, critical thinking, willingness to question old ideas, using evidence, creativity (using maps). What does this story teach us about the nature of science? 答案：Science is a process of asking questions, testing ideas, and using evidence. It requires patience and open-mindedness. Scientific progress often comes from challenging old beliefs. How has Snow's work affected our daily lives? 答案：We have clean drinking water, better public health systems, and we understand how to prevent disease outbreaks. 5. Homework Option 1: 主题阅读与写作 Read the passage below about another disease-fighting scientist and answer the questions. Louis Pasteur: The Father of Microbiology Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who made groundbreaking discoveries in the 19th century. He is best known for developing vaccines for rabies and anthrax, and for inventing the process of pasteurisation, which kills harmful bacteria in food and drinks. Like John Snow, Pasteur faced many challenges. At the time, many scientists did not believe that germs caused diseases. Pasteur conducted experiments that proved the germ theory of disease, changing medicine forever. His work saved countless lives and laid the foundation for modern microbiology. One of Pasteur's most famous experiments involved swan-necked flasks. He showed that bacteria did not appear in broth unless it was exposed to air containing dust and germs. This proved that spontaneous generation (the idea that life could appear from nothing) was false. Pasteur's motto was: "In the fields of observation, chance favours only the prepared mind." Questions: 1.What two things is Louis Pasteur famous for? 2.What did Pasteur prove with his swan-necked flask experiment? 3.Compare Pasteur and Snow. Give ONE similarity and ONE difference. Similarity: Difference: 4.What does Pasteur's motto mean to you? Explain in your own words. (3 points) 答案： 1.Developing vaccines (for rabies and anthrax) and inventing pasteurisation. 2.He proved that bacteria did not appear from nothing—germs come from other germs. This disproved spontaneous generation. 3.Similarity: Both challenged existing beliefs and proved the germ theory of disease. / Both used experiments and evidence. Difference: Snow focused on epidemiology (mapping and statistics), while Pasteur focused on laboratory experiments and vaccines. 4.Open-ended answer: It means that luck comes to those who are prepared and observant. Pasteur is saying that scientific discoveries require careful thinking and preparation, not just luck. Option 2: 语言巩固 Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the words from the passage. 1.Cholera causes __________ diarrhoea and can lead to death. 2.The doctors had two __________ theories about how the disease spread. 3.Snow __________ to the theory that germs caused cholera. 4.He needed __________ before he could announce his discovery. 5.Snow __________ that the water pump was to blame. 6.The __________ of the pump was removed to stop the disease. 7.Snow's work __________ the way scientists study diseases. 8.He is considered the father of modern __________. 答案：1.severe 2. contradictory 3. subscribed 4. proof 5. suspected 6. handle 7.transformed 8.epidemiology Option 3: 读后续写启蒙（要素感知） Imagine you are a journalist in 1854 London. Write a short news report (about 80-100 words) about John Snow's discovery and the removal of the pump handle. Include these elements: WHAT happened (the outbreak) WHO solved it (John Snow) HOW he solved it (the investigation) WHY it matters Example: CHOLERA OUTBREAK STOPPED! London, September 1854 — A deadly cholera outbreak has been stopped thanks to the quick action of Dr John Snow. Over 500 people died in just ten days on Broad Street. Dr Snow marked on a map where the deaths occurred and found that most were near the water pump. He suspected the pump water carried germs. After having the pump handle removed, the disease stopped spreading. This discovery could change how we fight cholera forever! Your turn (write here): 答案： CHOLERA OUTBREAK STOPPED! London, September 1854 — A deadly cholera outbreak that claimed over 500 lives in just ten days on Broad Street has been stopped by Dr John Snow. Through careful investigation, Dr Snow marked on a map where all the victims had lived and discovered that most deaths were clustered near the water pump on Broad Street. He also found that workers at a local pub who drank beer instead of water remained healthy. Dr Snow concluded that the pump water carried cholera germs. He then had the handle of the pump removed, and the disease was stopped immediately. This breakthrough could save countless lives in the future! 14 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $