新课8 必修第一册Unit4 Customs and Traditions （语法+写作预习）（沪外版）（教材预习，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

沪外版必修一Unit4 Customs and Traditions（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：被动语态复习 写作聚焦：传统习俗与文化保护 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 被动语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 时态 被动语态动词结构形式 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are + done Trees are planted by them every spring. 一般过去时 were / was + done The window was broken by that boy yesterday. 一般将来时 shall/will +be + done am/is/are going to + be + done The bottle will be thrown away by the old lady later. The film is going to be shown at the cinema next week. 现在进行时 am/is /are + being+ done Tom is being taken good care of by his parents. 过去进行时 was /were + being + done The room was being cleaned by them when the man came in. 现在完成时 have/has +been + done The dress has already been washed by mum. 过去完成时 had + been + done The house had been sold out when I asked the agency. 含有情态动词 情态动词＋ be done The pizza can be cut into several pieces. 考点1：“be+及物动词的过去分词” 是被动语态最基本形式。 ①动词时态的变化主要从be动词的变化来体现。 ②被动语态的行为发出者常由介词by引导，应特别注意这一显性标志，有时by短语可以省略。 ③被动语态还可以用于“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。 例1：A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.  例2：Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Usually, traditional festivals ____________(celebrate) in various ways across the country. 2. If you keep working hard, your progress ____________(recognize) by all the teachers sooner or later. 3. Outdated rules and regulations ought to ____________(cancel) to adapt to modern life. 4. Large amounts of support and resources ____________(provide) for rural schools over the past three years. 5. Every detail ____________(check) carefully before the official opening of the exhibition yesterday. 【答案与解析】 1. are celebrated。句中阐述客观常态，用一般现在时；主语 festivals 与 celebrate 为被动关系，需用被动语态。故答案是are celebrated。 2. will be recognized。根据 sooner or later 可知表将来动作，主语 progress 与 recognize 为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案是will be recognized。 3.be cancelled。固定搭配 ought to do 意为“应该做某事”，to 后接动词原形；主语与 cancel 为被动关系，需用被动语态 be cancelled。故答案是be cancelled。 4. have been provided。根据时间状语“over the past three years”可知用现在完成时；主语内容与 provide 为被动关系，用现在完成时被动语态；Large amounts of 作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故答案是have been provided。 5. was checked。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知用一般过去时；主语 every detail 与 check 为被动关系，且主语为单数，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是was checked。 考点2：被动语态还可用“get+过去分词”结构，这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 例1：The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 例2：As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail.  【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. If you break the rules, you will get ____________(punish) by your teacher. 2. The little girl got ____________(lose) in the crowded street yesterday afternoon. 3. Once your application gets ____________(accept), you can start your study abroad. 4. He got ____________(injure) in the football match held last weekend. 5. After repairing, the old machine finally got ____________(fix) and worked again. 【答案与解析】 1. punished。“get+过去分词”结构表被动含义，get punished 表示“被惩罚”。故答案是punished。 2. lost。固定搭配 get lost 表示“迷路”，为“get+过去分词”被动固化用法。故答案是lost。 3. accepted。“get+过去分词”表被动，此处表示申请“被通过、被接收”。故答案是accepted。 4. injured。固定搭配 get injured 表示“受伤”，属于“get+过去分词”常用被动结构。故答案是injured。 5. fixed。“get+过去分词”表被动，此处表示机器“被修理好”。故答案是fixed。 考点3：“系动词+表语”结构中系动词主动形式表示被动意义。这些系动词分三类： ①感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell ②变化类系动词：become, turn, come, go, fall, get ③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out 例1：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 例2：His dream of being a dancer has come true. 例3：What he said proved to be correct in the end. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. This kind of medicine ____________(taste) bitter but works well. 2. His prediction ____________(prove) to be right in the end. 3. The new coat ____________(wash) easily and never fades. 4. The story ____________(sound) interesting and attracts many readers. 5. The wooden door ____________(lock) smoothly every day. 【答案与解析】 1.tastes。taste为感官系动词，无被动语态，主动形式表被动意义；句子描述事物固有属性，用一般现在时、主谓一致单数。故答案是tastes。 2. proved。prove表“证明是、结果是”时主动表被动，无被动形式；结合语境动作已发生，用一般过去时。故答案是proved。 3. washes。wash表“耐洗、洗起来……”描述物品特性，主动表被动；客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数。故答案是washes。 4. sounds。sound为感官系动词，主动表被动、无被动语态；描述固有特点，用一般现在时单数形式。故答案是sounds。 5. locks。lock表“锁起来（顺畅）”描述事物本身属性，主动表被动；常态事实用一般现在时。故答案是locks。 考点4：write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性，多用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。 例1：My pen writes smoothly. 例2：The play reads more easily than acts.   【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. This new novel ____________(sell) well and is popular among young readers. 2. The magazine ____________(read) smoothly and contains plenty of useful information. 3. This pair of sports shoes ____________(wear) long and is worth buying. 4. The window ____________(open) easily even in cold winter days. 5. This type of pen ____________(write) smoothly and many students prefer it. 【答案与解析】 1. sells。sell与副词well连用，描述物品本身畅销的属性，主动形式表被动意义，无被动语态；描述客观属性用一般现在时，主语为单数。故答案是sells。 2. reads。read与副词smoothly连用，表示读物读起来流畅，描述主语固有属性，主动表被动；客观事实用一般现在时主谓单数。故答案是reads。 3. wears。wear与副词long连用，表物品耐磨的特性，主动形式表被动含义，不用被动语态；常态属性用一般现在时。故答案是wears。 4. opens。open与副词easily连用，描述窗户本身易开合的属性，主动表被动；陈述客观特点用一般现在时单数形式。故答案是opens。 5. writes。write与副词smoothly连用，表书写工具书写流畅的固有属性，主动表被动；客观事实用一般现在时。故答案是writes。 考点5：某些不及物动词）短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。如happen, occur, exist，come out出版, come into being产生, come about发生, break out爆发, belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, arise from由……引起, run out用光等。 例1：When did the accident occur? 例2：The book lying on the top of the shelf belongs to me. 例3：This year's event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier than usual. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The accident ____________(happen) on a rainy morning last week. 2. This traditional custom ____________(date) back to the Ming Dynasty. 3. The terrible fire ____________(break) out suddenly during the night. 4. Great changes ____________(come) about in our hometown over the past ten years. 5. The petrol ____________(run) out, so the car stopped on the road. 【答案与解析】 1. happened。happen 表“发生”，为不及物动词，无被动语态，只能用主动形式表被动含义；根据时间状语 last week 用一般过去时。故答案是happened。 2. dates。date back to 表“追溯到”，无被动语态，只用主动形式；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数。故答案是dates。 3. broke。break out 表“（火灾、战争）爆发”，为不及物短语，无被动语态，主动表被动；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故答案是broke。 4. have come。come about 表“发生、产生”，无被动语态；根据 over the past ten years 可知用现在完成时。故答案是have come。 5. ran。run out 表“用光、耗尽”，为不及物短语，无被动语态，主动表被动；根据后句 stopped 可知用一般过去时。故答案是ran。 补充：含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days.你应该把你的书收好。 高中语态主要学习 · 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 二. 过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. · 三. 将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： 1. **习俗变迁说明文** - 任务描述：对比新旧节日习俗（如春节仪式变化），分析全球化影响动因（如年轻一代观念转变）。 2. **文化保护方案设计** - 任务示例：为校园文化节设计非遗推广活动（如沪剧保护），需包含主题、安排及意义。 3. **议论文** - 辩题示例：讨论"传统习俗是否应完全保留"，要求援引文化冲突案例（如西方节日冲击）。 二、典例剖析 假定你是李华，你们学校开展“守护非遗之光”英语征文活动，旨在提升同学们对非物质文化遗产的认知与保护意识。请你用英语写一篇征文稿，内容包括： 1. 介绍一项你感兴趣的非遗项目；2. 阐述保护它的必要性。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 参考词汇：非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A heritage beyond price ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A heritage beyond price One intangible cultural heritage that fascinates me is Chinese paper cutting. With a history of over a thousand years, it features delicate patterns and vivid images, used in festivals and weddings. Moreover, each paper cutting work can tell a unique story, whether it’s about legends or daily life scenes. Protecting it is a must. It’s a carrier of Chinese culture, reflecting people’s values and traditions. Also, as time goes by, fewer people master this skill. Saving it can preserve cultural diversity and let future generations enjoy this art. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生介绍一项自己感兴趣的非遗项目，并阐述保护它的必要性，以此提升同学们对非物质文化遗产的认知与保护意识。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 吸引：fascinate → attract/interest 此外：moreover → in addition/besides 独特的：unique → distinct 保存，保护：preserve → conserve 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With a history of over a thousand years, it features delicate patterns and vivid images, used in festivals and weddings. 拓展句：With a history of over a thousand years, it features delicate patterns and vivid images that are used in festivals and weddings. 【点睛】[高分句型1] One intangible cultural heritage that fascinates me is Chinese paper cutting. (运用了关系代词that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Moreover, each paper cutting work can tell a unique story, whether it’s about legends or daily life scenes. (运用了whether...or...引导的让步状语从句) [高分句型3] Saving it can preserve cultural diversity and let future generations enjoy this art. (运用了动名词作主语) 学以致用 一、单句语法填空 1．Great progress (make) in rural areas since the strategy was put forward. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has been made 【详解】句意：自从该战略提出以来，农村地区取得了巨大进步。由时间状语since the strategy was put forward可知，用现在完成时；且主语great progress与make之间为被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态；主语great progress为不可数名词，谓语用has been made。 2．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be admitted 【详解】句意：在做出最终判决之前，新的证据必须被采纳。 主语The new evidence与动词admit之间是被动关系； 情态动词must后接动词原形，被动结构为must be + 过去分词。 3．The seeds that in spring by the farmers usually bring in a good harvest in autumn. (sow) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are sown 【详解】句意：农民们春天播种下的种子，往往在秋天迎来丰收。空处为定语从句的谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语that，指代复数名词the seeds，与sow“播种”为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are，sow的过去分词为sown。 4．Tom was (admit) into Peking University. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】admitted 【详解】句意：汤姆被北京大学录取了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文Tom was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。 5．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been solved 【详解】句意：这个问题已经解决，所以我们不需要再讨论它了。根据副词already可知，空处应使用现在完成时，表示动作对现在的影响；solve与单数主语This problem之间为被动关系，应使用被动词态，因此空处应填入现在完成时被动语态has been solved。 6．Though he (punish) for being late yesterday, he was late for school again this morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was punished 【详解】句意：尽管他昨天因为迟到受到了惩罚，今天早上他上学又迟到了。主语he与动词punish之间为被动关系，且时间状语yesterday表明动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was punished。 7．Tu Youyou (award) a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin. 【答案】 was awarded 【详解】句意：屠呦呦因发现青蒿素而被授予诺贝尔奖。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语Tu Youyou与award之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Tu Youyou是单数，be动词用was。 8．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being repaired 【详解】句意：许多古建筑如今正在被修缮，以保护当地文化。now与现在进行时连用，主语buildings与repair是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done；且主语buildings复数，用are being repaired。 9．As high school students, we (expect) to obey school rules and respect our teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are expected 【详解】句意：作为高中生，我们被要求遵守校规、尊敬师长。设空处为谓语，主语we与动词expect之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为we，be动词用are，expect的过去分词为expected。 10．The new comedy (put) on during the art festival next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be put 【详解】句意：这部新喜剧将于下个月艺术节期间上演。此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及时间状语next month可知，此处为一般将来时，The new comedy与put on为被动关系，所以此处用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为will be put。 11．The new food festival (promote) through social media from tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be promoted 【详解】句意：这场新的美食节从明天起将通过社交媒体进行宣传。此处为谓语动词，时间状语from tomorrow表将来，The new food festival与promote为被动关系，因此使用一般将来时的被动语态，所以谓语动词为will be promoted。 12．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being cleaned 【详解】句意：此刻我姐姐正在打扫房间。at the moment与现在进行时连用；且room和clean是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，基本结构为：am/is/are + being done，表示“正在被”，主语是名单数，be动词使用is。 13．The problem (discuss) at the meeting right now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being discussed 【详解】句意：此刻会议上正在讨论这个问题。right now与现在进行时连用；且problem和discuss是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，基本结构为：am/is/are + being done，表示“正在被”。 14．The manager said the project (complete) by the end of the month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：经理表示，该项目将于本月底完工。主句said为一般过去时，project与complete是被动关系，由by the end of the month可知，句子用过去将来时的被动结构would be done。故填would be completed。 15．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】donated 【详解】考查语态。句意：我们从这次活动中获得的所有资金都将捐赠给慈善机构。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文would be可知为过去将来时的被动语态。故填donated。 16．The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】should be delivered/be delivered 【详解】句意：这位顾客建议包裹在中午之前送达。此处suggest表示建议，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，主语the package与deliver为被动关系，所以谓语动词为(should) be delivered。 17．The incredible backflip must (practice) thousands of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been practiced 【详解】句意：这个绝妙的后空翻必定已经练习过数千次了。此处为谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测，动作早已完成，backflip与practice为被动关系，情态动词must后用完成式的被动形式，即have been practiced。 18．The doctor, together with his colleagues, (appoint) to lead the medical team next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be appointed 【详解】句意：这位医生将与他的同事们一起，于下个月被任命为医疗团队的负责人。由next month可知，句子时态是一般将来时，The doctor, together with his colleagues和appoint之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用一般将来时的被动语态will be appointed。 19．He (equip) with rich experience and a calm mind, which helped him overcome various difficulties. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was equipped 【详解】句意：他具备丰富的经验和冷静的头脑，这帮助他克服了各种困难。固定搭配be equipped with，表示“配备有；具备”；由后文helped可知，句子使用一般过去时表示过去的情况，主语He为单数，be动词应用was。 20．All at once, the sky (cover) with dark clouds and we were in a terrible storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was covered 【详解】句意：突然，天空被乌云笼罩，我们遭遇了一场可怕的风暴。由后句were可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语the sky与cover之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语the sky是单数，be动词用was。 二、完成句子 1．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team _____________ _____________ of five members. 【答案】 is made up 【详解】be made up of...是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。 2．You can go home as soon as your task . 你的任务一完成就可以回家。 【答案】has been finished 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示“完成”使用动词finish，和主语task之间是被动关系，且此处表示该动作的影响，使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故填has been finished。 3．按照之前的安排，你们首先会看到我校老师们表演的太极拳。 As scheduled, you will first watch a Tai Chi show by some teachers at our school. 【答案】 it has been 【详解】考查 时态语态。“按照之前安排好的”，为as引导的方式状语从句，表示 “已经被安排好” ，动作发生在过去且对现在有影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为it 。故填it has been 。 4．You must (获得学校许可) before organizing the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】be permitted by the school 【详解】考查动词被动语态。句意：在组织活动之前，你必须获得学校许可。分析句意和中文提示可知，空格处需要使用动词短语表示“获得学校许可”，即“被学校许可”，permit意为“许可”，在句中和主语you“你”构成被动，需要使用被动语态，即be permitted by the school，因空格前有情态动词，助动词使用原形即可。故答案为be permitted by the school。 5．A traditional Chinese handicraft exhibition . 今天，我们学校成功举办了中国传统手工艺展览会。 【答案】was successfully held in our school today 【详解】考查时态和语态。“举行”用动词hold表示；“成功”用副词successfully作状语，修饰动词hold；“我们学校”翻译为in our school；“今天”翻译为today；句子描述过去发生的事用一般过去时；主语A traditional Chinese handicraft exhibition与动词hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态；主语是单数形式，be动词用was。故填was successfully held in our school today。 6． (他的观点受到高度重视) by the team, especially during decision-making. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】His opinion is highly valued 【详解】考查名词短语和动词。句意：他的观点受到团队的高度重视，尤其是在做决定期间。根据汉语意思提示可知，“他的观点”常见表达为“his opinion”。“受到高度重视”，在英语中要用被动语态来表达，“重视”常用value，句子描述的是一般性的情况，用一般现在时，主语“his opinion”是单数，所以be动词用 is，“高度地”用副词 highly，修饰动词value的过去分词形式valued，构成 is highly valued ，表示“被高度重视”。故填His opinion is highly valued。 7．If you’re so trusting of people, you will be more easily （利用）by others. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 taken advantage of 【详解】考查被动语态和短语。句意：如果你如此轻易地信任他人，那你就会更容易被别人所利用。表示“利用”为take advantage of，此处为被动语态，用take的过去分词。故填taken，advantage，of。 8．These toys (被看作是) children’s favourite. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】are considered as/are considered to be 【详解】考查被动语态和固定短语。句意：这些玩具被看作是孩子们的最爱。根据汉语提示“被看作是”，“看作是”常用短语consider as或consider to be，句子主语These toys和consider之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，其结构为“be + 过去分词”，主语是复数，结合语境用一般现在时，be动词用are，consider的过去分词是considered。故填are considered as /are considered to be。 9．Without a driver’s permit, you are not . 你若没有驾驶证，就不被允许开车。 【答案】permitted to drive the car 【详解】考查被动语态。“允许某人做某事”常见表达为 permit sb. to do sth.，此句中you是被允许，应用被动语态sb be permitted to do sth ，“开车”即 drive the car。故填 permitted to drive the car。 10．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth washes well. 我想买那种布，因为有人告诉我这种布洗得很好。 【答案】have been told 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。根据句意，此处表示“有人告诉我”，而句子主语为I，所以此处使用被动语态，表示“告诉”为动词tell，结合句意，此处表示动作“告诉”对现在产生影响，用现在完成时，且与主语之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第一人称，所以谓语动词为have been told。故填have been told。 三、写作训练 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，今年暑假学校将开展“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动，并且该活动由你所在的校志愿者社团承办。请给社团主席以邮件形式写一份活动策划方案。内容包括： 1. 活动针对的人群、地点； 2. 活动的主要内容及其意义。 民间艺术：folk art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear Sir/ Madam, I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming “Traditional Folk Art into the Community” event this summer. The activity will target local residents, especially children and elderly people, and will take place in our school hall and nearby community centers. We can invite folk artists to demonstrate paper-cutting, clay sculpture, and traditional painting. There will also be interactive workshops where participants can create their own artworks. This event will not only help preserve traditional culture and promote community bonding, but also raise public awareness of Chinese folk art. It’s a great opportunity for volunteers to contribute to cultural education as well. Looking forward to your feedback. Best regards, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以明启中学学生李明的身份，给校志愿者社团主席写邮件，提交“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动的策划方案，内容需涵盖活动针对的人群与地点、主要内容及其意义。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 提议：propose→put forward 针对：target→be aimed at 展示：demonstrate→show 促进：promote→boost 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming “Traditional Folk Art into the Community” event this summer. 拓展句：I’m writing to propose a plan for our upcoming event this summer, whose theme is “Traditional Folk Art into the Community”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】There will also be interactive workshops where participants can create their own artworks.（运用了where引导的定语从句修饰workshops） 【高分句型2】This event will not only help preserve traditional culture and promote community bonding, but also raise public awareness of Chinese folk art. （运用了“not only…but also…”连接并列结构） 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪外版必修一Unit4 Customs and Traditions（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：被动语态复习 写作聚焦：传统习俗与文化保护 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 被动语态梳理 1、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 时态 被动语态动词结构形式 例句 一般现在时 am/is /are + done Trees are planted by them every spring. 一般过去时 were / was + done The window was broken by that boy yesterday. 一般将来时 shall/will +be + done am/is/are going to + be + done The bottle will be thrown away by the old lady later. The film is going to be shown at the cinema next week. 现在进行时 am/is /are + being+ done Tom is being taken good care of by his parents. 过去进行时 was /were + being + done The room was being cleaned by them when the man came in. 现在完成时 have/has +been + done The dress has already been washed by mum. 过去完成时 had + been + done The house had been sold out when I asked the agency. 含有情态动词 情态动词＋ be done The pizza can be cut into several pieces. 考点1：“be+及物动词的过去分词” 是被动语态最基本形式。 ①动词时态的变化主要从be动词的变化来体现。 ②被动语态的行为发出者常由介词by引导，应特别注意这一显性标志，有时by短语可以省略。 ③被动语态还可以用于“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。 例1：A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.  例2：Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. Usually, traditional festivals ____________(celebrate) in various ways across the country. 2. If you keep working hard, your progress ____________(recognize) by all the teachers sooner or later. 3. Outdated rules and regulations ought to ____________(cancel) to adapt to modern life. 4. Large amounts of support and resources ____________(provide) for rural schools over the past three years. 5. Every detail ____________(check) carefully before the official opening of the exhibition yesterday. 考点2：被动语态还可用“get+过去分词”结构，这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 例1：The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 例2：As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail.  【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. If you break the rules, you will get ____________(punish) by your teacher. 2. The little girl got ____________(lose) in the crowded street yesterday afternoon. 3. Once your application gets ____________(accept), you can start your study abroad. 4. He got ____________(injure) in the football match held last weekend. 5. After repairing, the old machine finally got ____________(fix) and worked again. 考点3：“系动词+表语”结构中系动词主动形式表示被动意义。这些系动词分三类： ①感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell ②变化类系动词：become, turn, come, go, fall, get ③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out 例1：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 例2：His dream of being a dancer has come true. 例3：What he said proved to be correct in the end. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. This kind of medicine ____________(taste) bitter but works well. 2. His prediction ____________(prove) to be right in the end. 3. The new coat ____________(wash) easily and never fades. 4. The story ____________(sound) interesting and attracts many readers. 5. The wooden door ____________(lock) smoothly every day. 考点4：write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性，多用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。 例1：My pen writes smoothly. 例2：The play reads more easily than acts.   【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. This new novel ____________(sell) well and is popular among young readers. 2. The magazine ____________(read) smoothly and contains plenty of useful information. 3. This pair of sports shoes ____________(wear) long and is worth buying. 4. The window ____________(open) easily even in cold winter days. 5. This type of pen ____________(write) smoothly and many students prefer it. 考点5：某些不及物动词）短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。如happen, occur, exist，come out出版, come into being产生, come about发生, break out爆发, belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, arise from由……引起, run out用光等。 例1：When did the accident occur? 例2：The book lying on the top of the shelf belongs to me. 例3：This year's event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier than usual. 【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The accident ____________(happen) on a rainy morning last week. 2. This traditional custom ____________(date) back to the Ming Dynasty. 3. The terrible fire ____________(break) out suddenly during the night. 4. Great changes ____________(come) about in our hometown over the past ten years. 5. The petrol ____________(run) out, so the car stopped on the road. 补充：含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days.你应该把你的书收好。 高中语态主要学习 · 一. 现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“++（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White now. （疑问句）A: Snow White now? B:Yes,it ./No,it . · 二. 过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White when I got there. （疑问句）A: Snow White when I got there? B:Yes,it ./No,it . · 三. 将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. （疑问句）A: ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month? B:Yes,they ./No,they . 写作聚焦 一、写作任务聚焦： 1. **习俗变迁说明文** - 任务描述：对比新旧节日习俗（如春节仪式变化），分析全球化影响动因（如年轻一代观念转变）。 2. **文化保护方案设计** - 任务示例：为校园文化节设计非遗推广活动（如沪剧保护），需包含主题、安排及意义。 3. **议论文** - 辩题示例：讨论"传统习俗是否应完全保留"，要求援引文化冲突案例（如西方节日冲击）。 二、典例剖析 假定你是李华，你们学校开展“守护非遗之光”英语征文活动，旨在提升同学们对非物质文化遗产的认知与保护意识。请你用英语写一篇征文稿，内容包括： 1. 介绍一项你感兴趣的非遗项目；2. 阐述保护它的必要性。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80词左右； 2. 参考词汇：非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A heritage beyond price ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学以致用 一、单句语法填空 1．Great progress (make) in rural areas since the strategy was put forward. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．The new evidence must (admit) before the final judgment is made. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The seeds that in spring by the farmers usually bring in a good harvest in autumn. (sow) (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Tom was (admit) into Peking University. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．This problem (solve) already, so we don’t need to discuss it again. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Though he (punish) for being late yesterday, he was late for school again this morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Tu Youyou (award) a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin. 8．Many old buildings (repair) now to protect the local culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．As high school students, we (expect) to obey school rules and respect our teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The new comedy (put) on during the art festival next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The new food festival (promote) through social media from tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The room (clean) by my sister at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The problem (discuss) at the meeting right now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．The manager said the project (complete) by the end of the month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．All the money we got from this activity would be (donate) to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The customer suggested that the package (deliver) before noon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．The incredible backflip must (practice) thousands of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．The doctor, together with his colleagues, (appoint) to lead the medical team next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．He (equip) with rich experience and a calm mind, which helped him overcome various difficulties. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．All at once, the sky (cover) with dark clouds and we were in a terrible storm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 1．这个团队由五名成员组成。 The team _____________ _____________ of five members. 2．You can go home as soon as your task . 你的任务一完成就可以回家。 3．按照之前的安排，你们首先会看到我校老师们表演的太极拳。 As scheduled, you will first watch a Tai Chi show by some teachers at our school. 4．You must (获得学校许可) before organizing the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．A traditional Chinese handicraft exhibition . 今天，我们学校成功举办了中国传统手工艺展览会。 6． (他的观点受到高度重视) by the team, especially during decision-making. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 7．If you’re so trusting of people, you will be more easily （利用）by others. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 8．These toys (被看作是) children’s favourite. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 9．Without a driver’s permit, you are not . 你若没有驾驶证，就不被允许开车。 10．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth washes well. 我想买那种布，因为有人告诉我这种布洗得很好。 三、写作训练 假如你是明启中学的学生李明，今年暑假学校将开展“传统民间艺术进社区”主题活动，并且该活动由你所在的校志愿者社团承办。请给社团主席以邮件形式写一份活动策划方案。内容包括： 1. 活动针对的人群、地点； 2. 活动的主要内容及其意义。 民间艺术：folk art ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $