1.3.1 自然生态-【创新教程】2024-2026三年高考英语真题分类特训试卷

主题语境3人与自然 1.自然生态 Passage1(2026全国二卷，C篇)》 海平面作为海拔高度参考点的 题材 体裁 说明文 词数 454 建议用时 81 概念史和现实意义 难度： The peak of Mount Qomolangma,8,849 meters above sea level.Chimborazo,6,263 m;Mont 餐 Blanc,4,806 m;Pradidali hut,at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites,2,278 m.It is common practice to provide the elevation (of a place.Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables.But elevation is necessarily relative:only the choice of a reference point allows 郑 us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means.That the concept has a history is easily ignored.We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and cultural- ly determined assumptions.In this book I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately,the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains.A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton,I went hiking 典杯 with friends in the Pala group.Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut,we began discussing the read- ings offered by our altimeters().Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next?This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero.This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.These stages mirror 如 the development of human conceptions of the sea.Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011,the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent:be- tween then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters,about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 28.What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A.Some mountains are getting higher. B.Data on wearables are misleading. C.The concept of elevation is relative. D.The reference point is hard to locate. 29.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.How the altimeter was invented. B.What initiated the author's research. C.Why the digital readings varied. D.Where the author spent his holiday. 30.What does the underlined word "it"refer to in the last paragraph? A.The book. B.The project. C.The issue. D.The development. 31.What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A.The Altimeter:A Must-Have B.Sea Level:A History C.Meaning of Zero:Nothing or Everything D.Mountains to Seas:Ups and Downs 41 Passage2(2025天津卷，A篇) 题材 旅游参观 体裁应用文词数 :320建议用时 5'难度： Welcome to our university's Botanic Garden-plan your visit,and find out about what we do! You can either pay at the Ticket Office on arrival,or book your tickets online.Please note: Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non-refundable (不可退款的). Guidelines for Visitors The Garden is an active research facility and a living museum with a collection of over 8,000 plants. Please bear in mind some simple rules for your visit: Only trained working dogs are permitted to enter the Garden. Children must stay with a grown-up at all times. Stick strictly to the paths and lawns(草坪). Do not climb the trees. Please do not pick any part of a growing plant. Cycling and ball games are not permitted in the Garden. Guided Tours in the Garden With over 8,000 plant species and a wonderful range of gardens and plantings to enjoy,there is something for everyone at the Garden,and many different aspects to appeal to a wide variety of inter- est groups. Free Drop-in Weekend Tours Enjoy a free-of-charge Garden tour with one of our expert guides,taking in the seasonal high- lights of the Garden. Our weekend tours are available every Sunday at 11:30 a.m.and 2 p.m.throughout the year. During the months of January and February these tours focus on the Winter Garden,Snowdrops and general winter interest. The free tours last one hour and start from the Fountain,near the Main Lawn. Group Tours Our experienced volunteer guides will help you enjoy the highlights and provide some of the background history and development of this amazing garden. These 90-minute,pre-bookable tours are ideal for adult groups wishing to make the most of their visit to our 40-acre site.Please visit the Group Guided Tours page for more details. 36.What should a potential visitor take note of before booking a ticket to the Garden? A.Whether one can afford the visit. B.Whether the Garden website is accessible. C.Whether one can accept the ticket-booking policy. D.Whether the tickets are still available at the Ticket Office. 37.A kid is allowed to visit the Garden when they are A.well trained B.with a bicycle C.accompanied by an adult D.guided by their working dog 38.What behaviour is acceptable in the Garden? A.Picking a flower. B.Climbing a tree. C.Playing a ball game. D.Walking on the lawns. 39.Where do the free drop-in weekend tours start? A.Snowdrops. B.The Fountain. C.The Main Lawn. D.The Winter Garden. 40.What special service can visitors enjoy on the group tour? A.The company of professional guides. B.The explanation of how the Garden works. C.The extended visit in and around the Garden. D.The introduction to the birth and growth of the Garden. 42 Passage3(2025天津卷，C篇) 题材 海豹生理科研 体裁说明文词数 330建议用时6'难度：川 All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in,and release CO2 from their blood when breathing out.Most mammals can't directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues.Instead,they rely on the rising level of CO2 in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior,Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held.In one corner,there was a breathing chamber ()where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming,yet swim- ming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked.Once the seals got familiar with the setup,the researchers started to grad- ually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber,increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO2 to see an effect on their behavior.Sure enough:the higher the level of oxygen,the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don't just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing,but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested.Since oxygen levels on land remain stable,humans don't seem to have evolved (to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they're about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore,in free-diving without oxygen tanks,accidents are quite common.Our reliance on sensing CO2 levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame.Actually,this is a perfectly rea- sonable strategy on land,where growing CO2 tends to signal breathing issues.But when holding our breath during diving,relying on CO2 levels is risky,especially on repeated dives.Because every time we surface and breathe in,our sensitivity to CO2 is decreased,even if its levels are already high,and this increases the chance that a person will,without awareness,pass out before they get to the surface. 46.What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A.The growing amount of CO2 in their blood. B.The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C.The intensity of their physical activity. D.The blood supply to body tissues. 47.When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A.When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B.When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C.When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D.When the CO2 level in the chamber was raised. 48.What results in humans'inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A.The unstable CO2 levels in the air. B.Their lack of attention to breathing. C.The constant oxygen levels on land. D.Their functionally changeable heart rate. 49.Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A.Their breath cannot be held long enough. B.They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C.They may fail to notice rising CO2 levels soon enough. D.Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater 50.Which statement is probably supported by McKnight's seal research? A.Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B.Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C.Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D.Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 43 Passage4(2025浙江1月卷，C篇) 题材 “矩阵式”种植法 体裁说明文词数 294建议用时8′难度：川 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers()and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly().In a matrix garden,plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground,forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round,they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail,from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild,they are careful- ly planned,with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of "right plant,right place",they match plants that enjoy the same soil,sun and weather conditions,and arrange them ac- cording to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28.What does the underlined word "Eschewing"in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 29.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. 31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is WILD B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE D.Old garden plots work WONDERS 44 Passage5(2024新课标Ⅱ卷，A篇) 卡洛秋季徒步节的 题材 体裁 应用文 词数 290 建议用时 8 四项徒步旅行活动 难度：， Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner,experienced or ad- vanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1-The Natural World With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. 郑 Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 09:00 Start Point:Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration:6 hours 郑 Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide,has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 09:00 Start Point:Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration:5 hours 典郝 Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch( )along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappro- priately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time:Saturday,1st October,at 18:30 Start Point:The Town Hall 製 Walk Duration:3 hours Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45 Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration:1.5 hours 21.Which walk takes the shortest time? A.The Natural World. B.Introduction to Hillwalking. C.Moonlight Under the Stars. D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A.Wear proper clothes. B.Join a walking club. C.Get special permits. D.Bring a survival guide. 23.What do the four walks have in common? A.They involve difficult climbing. B.They are for experienced walkers. C.They share the same start point. D.They are scheduled for the weekend. 45 Passage6(2024全国甲卷，B篇) 题材 了解猫的行为 体裁说明文词数302建议用时8′难度：， Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance,almost all animals have dis- tinct vocals()that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hun- gry,it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However,when a cat is looking for affec- tion,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their no- ses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However,another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That's why most pet cats are able to tell immedi- ately if their owners were around any other cats,which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators().Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the be- ginning of time.So just go along with it! 24.What can be learned about cats'meowing from the first paragraph? A.It's a survival skill. B.It's taught by mother cats. C.It's hard to interpret. D.It's getting louder with age. 25.How does a pet cat assess different situations? A.By listening for sounds. B.By touching familiar objects. C.By checking on smells. D.By communicating with other cats. 26.Which best explains the phrase "take...up a notch"in Paragraph 3? A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 27.What is a suitable title for the text? A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C.Have Fun with Your Cat D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 46实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通 俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎 和人工智能一样聪明。)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是 通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样 了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。 33.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully,Camp bell has more than two decades'professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which,by the close,will make you feel almost as smart as Al. 庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人焦 躁的晦涩内容转化为容易理解的内容。她从商业人士 的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常 通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几 乎和人工智能一样聪明。)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人 焦躁的晦涩内容转化为容易理解的内容，这本书的特 点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。 34.C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“She says it is essen tial that we keep control of artificial intelligence,or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.(她说，我们必 须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更 糟的风险)”和文章第四段“We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out.Such structured thinking,followed by global regulation,will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall,(找们需 要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构 化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是 走向衰败。)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的 控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工 智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。 35.A推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonish ing potential of Al to transform our lives,we all need to take action to deal with our Al-powered future,and this is where Al by Design:A Plan for Living with Arti- ficial Intelligence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming Al revolution (变革).（考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力， 我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这 Alby Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的 这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用指南，旨在应对即将 到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。)”和文章最后一段 "Al will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it,(人工智能将影响我们所有人，如 果只让你读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书。)” 可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AIby Design:A Plan for Living with Arti ficial Intelli- gence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以 商业视角阐述A1发展现状与前景，强调控制A】的重 要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在 危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人 工智能的书。 Passage 8 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为 成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了 太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。 32.D细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they would be given a second treat..(每个孩子都 被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第 二次奖励。)”可知，在米歌尔的测试中，孩子们需要在 吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。 33.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we've reshaped the world around us,dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories,we √ still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn'teat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大 大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍 然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力 抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可 知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变 的大脑之间存在不匹配。 34.B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption,resisting the temptation of the mental 'junk food'in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我 们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的 信息消耗，抵制精神‘垃圾食品’的诱惑，以便最有效地 管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的 信息消费者。 35.D主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a ver sion of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted()by sugary treats,but by our comput- ers,phones,and tablets -all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of in- formation that do to us what marshmallows do to pre- schoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测 试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平 板电脑一所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接 起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前 儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代 我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸 让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品” 主题语境3人与自然 1.自然生态 Passage 1 [「语篇解读]文章主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海 平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对 海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历 史的研究。 28.C细节理解题。根据第一段“But elevation is necessa rily relative:only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a lo- cation.(但海拔必定是相对的：只有选择一个参考点， 我们才能用数字表达一个物体或位置的高度。)”可知， 作者在文章开头指出海拔的概念是相对的。 29.B段落大意题。根据第三段“Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut,we began discussing the readings of- fered by our altimeters(测高仪).Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next?This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero.This is how I began my search for the concep- tual history of sea level,.(在Pradidali小屋附近的山口 休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什么不同 仪器之间的读数略有差异？这种不确定性让我开始思 考零的含义。这就是我开始探究海平面概念史的原 因。)”可推知，本段主要讲述了作者研究工作的起因。 30.C词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Since】began thinking about this project in August 2011,the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only be come more urgent:between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters,about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上 升的问题以及将它置于历史背景下的必要性变得愈发 紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘 米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总体上升幅度的一 半。)”可知，划线词“it”指代前文提到的“the issue of sea-level rise'”中的“the issue”,即海平面上升的问题。 8 3l.B推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“That the con- cept has a history is easily ignored.We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions.In this book I tell a story of these assumptions.(这个概念有一段历史很容易被忽 视。我们往往忘记海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的 产物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些假设的故事。)”以及 第四段“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.(在这本书中，我考察了平 均海平面历史的三个关键阶段。)”可推知，该书主要探 讨海平面的历史。因此，这本书最合适的标题是“海平 面：一段历史”。 Passage 2 「语篇解读]这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学植物园的 购票规则、游客需遵守的规定，还提及免费周末导览和需 预约的团体导览，助力游客规划参观。 36.C细节理解题。根据第二段“Tickets cannot be used on any date other than the one they were booked for and are non~refundable(不可退款的).（这些票只能在预订 的日期使用，其他日期不可使用，而且一经售出不予退 款。)”可知，在预订前往花园的门票之前，潜在游客应 该注意是否能接受该门票预订政策。故选C。 37.C细节理解题。根据Guidelines for Visitors部分 “Children must stay with a grown-up at all times..(孩子 们任何时候都必须与成年人在一起。)”可知，孩子由成 人陪同下可以进入花园。故选C。 38.D细节理解题。根据Guidelines for Visitors部分 “Stick strictly to the paths and lawns(草坪)，（一定要 沿着人行道和草坪行走。)”可知，在草坪上行走是被允 许的。故选D。 39.B细节理解题。根据◆Free Drop-in Weekend Tours 部分“The free tours last one hour and start from the Fountain,near the Main Lawn.(免费导览活动时长一 小时，从靠近主草坪的喷泉处开始。)”可知，免费的周 末旅游从喷泉处开始。故选B。 40.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Our experienced volunteer guides will help you enjoy the highlights and provide some of the background history and develop- ment of this amazing garden,(我们经验丰富的志愿者 导游会帮助您领略这座花园的精华之处，并为您介绍 一些有关这座神奇花园的历史背景和发展历程。)”可 知，团体游中游客可以享受到介绍花园的诞生与成长。 故选D。 Passage 3 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能 感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧 气稳定未演化出此能力。 46.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most mammals(哺乳 can't directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues.Instead,they rely on the ris- ing level of CO,in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测 供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血 液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信 号。)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量 的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。 47.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“)nce the seals got fa miliar with the setup,the researchers started to gradu- ally change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber,increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO,to see an effect on their behavior.Sure e- nough:the higher the level of oxygen,the longer the seals stayed at the feeder.(一旦海豹热悉了这种设置， 研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或 减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。 果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就 越长。)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会 在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。 11 48.C细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since oxygen levels on land remain stable,humans don't seem to have evolved (to notice low blood oxygen levels,sometimes not even when they're about to pass out in free-diving. (由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化 出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜 水即将昏倒时也没有。)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低 氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。 49.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because every time we surface and breathe in,our sensitivity to CO is de creased,even if its levels are already high,and this in- creases the chance that a person will,without aware- ness,pass out before they get to the surface.(因为每次 我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会 降低，即使其水平已经很高，这也会增加一个人在浮出 水面之前无意识地昏倒的可能性。)”可知，潜水员在自 由潜水时经常发生事故是因为他们可能没有及时注意 到二氧化碳水平的上升。故选C。 50.B推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their div- ing behavior in response.(但最近发表在《科学》杂志上 的一项研究表明，海豹可以感知血液中的氧气量，并相 应地改变它们的潜水行为。)”和第四段中“The finding suggests that seals don't just physically respond to oxy- gen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing,but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.(这一发现表明，海豹不仅仅是通过改变心率 或呼吸来对氧气水平做出身体反应，而是它们对氧气 水平有足够的意识来改变它们的行为。)”可知，McK night的海豹研究表明，海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据 此采取行动。故选B。 Passage 4 [语篇解读」本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型 园艺设计方法一 一矩阵种植。 28.B 词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然 在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工 作。)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工 作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers(化 and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing 化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大 自然那样进行园艺种植。)”中“to garden more like na ture does'”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大 自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动 工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”， 与B项“Keeping away from.”同义。 29.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War ll in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance,(这个概念诞生 于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且 需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地。)”可知，引入 矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低雏护成本的公园绿地。 30.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while pla- ying with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife..(荷兰植物学家兼设计 师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中 增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看 ,点，还满足了野生动物的需求。)”可知，Piet)udolf的 花园有艺术气息，很有品味。 3l.A主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do 9 a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers(and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does..(这种被称为矩阵种植 的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作， 甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基 于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种 i。)”和最后一段中“With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Estab- lished matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regular wa- tering.Compared to traditional garden plots,they in- crease carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.(随着人类 投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成 熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手 段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们 增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地 和生物多样性。)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种 新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状 态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发 展。故A项“The future of gardening is WIl,.D(园艺的 未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。 Passage 5 「语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加 卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行 时间等相关细节。 21.D细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方 案中的“Walk Duration(步行时间)”部分比较可知， “Walk4一Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest(步 行4一基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5 小时，用时最短。 22.A细节理解题。根据文章“Walk3一Moonlight Un- der the Stars(步行3一星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permis- sion to participate,.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。)”可知， 第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。 23.D细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time(日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安 排在周末。 Passage 6 [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后的原因， 帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为。 24.A细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，动物通过不同的 叫声表达自己的需求，如求助、驱赶危险动物或寻找住所 等，表明和大多数动物一样，猫的叫声也是一种生存技能。 25.C细节理解题。由第二段内容可知，猫通过嗅觉来评 估环境和寻找危险的迹象，它们会在选择放松的地方 之前嗅闻特定区域。因此，猫通过嗅觉来评估不同的 情况。 26.D词义猜测题。由第三段中“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,but cats take this be- havior up a notch,”以及接下来的描述可知，猫通过带 回物品给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为 更进一步，即做得更好。 27.B标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了猫的行为及其背后 的原因，帮助读者更好地理解猫的行为，因此最合适的 标题是“理解你的猫的行为” 2.环境保护 Passage 1 语篇解读]本文聚焦纽约植树计划暗藏的忧患：现有的 主要树种（橡树和胶皮枫香树）会释放异戊二烯，与氨氧化 物反应形成近地面臭氧，威胁空气质量，间接危害人体健 康，引发人们思考。 28.C推理判断题。本题问这项有关橡树和胶皮枫香树的 新研究说明了什么。根据文章第二段中的“Oaks and sweetgums...produce huge amounts of a chemical sub- stance called isoprene..to form ground-level ozone-a Is major factor in many breathing problems.”可知，橡树和 胶皮枫香树会释放出一种叫作异戊二烯的化学物质， 它与空气中的氮氧化物反应会产生近地面臭氧，是许 多呼吸问题的重要诱因，即这些树木会间接危害人体 健康。故选C项。 29.C推理判断题。本题问科曼基于研究可能提出的建 议。根据文章第二段内容可知，现有的主要树种（橡树 和胶皮枫香树)会间接危害人体健康；第三段中的“迁 the city maintains past species patterns in new plant- ings.,ozone levels as much as30%”表明，研究发现， 若在新栽植的树中维持过去的树种模式，异戊二烯和 夏季臭氧水平都将大幅增加；同时根据第四段的科曼 的话可知，科曼赞同多植树，但认为应当谨慎对待植树 活动。由此可推知，科曼可能会建议改变新栽植的树 种。故选C项。 30.B词义猜测题。本题问第五段中的画线短语“oblivi ous to”的含义。根据第五段第二句“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago conclu- ded that city trees did release isoprene,”可知，公园部门 的一些研究者们在几年前开展的一项研究中得出了城 市树木确实会释放异戊二烯的结论，即公园部门并非 没有意识到这一问题。因此oblivious to意为“未意识到； 未察觉到”，与B项Unaware of含义一致。故选B项。 31.A推理判断题。本题问欧阳可能提倡的做法。根据 文章第五段最后一句欧阳说的话“We could plant any trees we want to,if we just rethink our car-centric lifes- tyle”可推知，她主张重新思考以汽车为中心的生活方 式，即减少日常生活中汽车的使用。故选A项」 Passage 2 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所 科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物的A】工具 SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这 也是跨学科合作的成果 32.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Insti- tute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization()aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其 吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储 存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学 家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 33.B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira,SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.(SLEAP由索尔克研究所 的塔尔莫·佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中 追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了 开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 34.C细节理解题。根据第四段“What's more,tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scien- tists find genes (associated with those character- istics,as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs,(此外，追踪这些 植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征 相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基 因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的 研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具 利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育 理想根系的基因。故选C项。 35.C推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We're not just 'borrowing'from different disciplines -we're re- ally putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts..(我们不只 是从不同学科中‘借鉴”，而是真正让各学科处于平等 地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可 知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 20