1.2.3 历史、社会及文化-【创新教程】2024-2026三年高考英语真题分类特训试卷

3.历史、社会及文化 Passage1(2026全国二卷，A篇)》 题材华盛顿特区周边的优质中餐馆 体裁应用文词数 312 建议用时8′ 难度：l The Best Chinese Restaurants Around D.C. The D.C.area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants,but diners willing to travel out- side the city limits will also be rewarded. Panda Gourmet This not-so-hidden-anymore fine restaurant for Sichuan cuisine is inside the Days Inn off New York Avenue.Dandan noodles and mapo tofu are sure bets.Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout,and delivery is now an option.Open from 11:00 am to 9:45 pm.Closed on Tuesday. 2700 New York Ave NE,Washington,DC 20002 Shanghai Taste Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area.It also serves a variety of chef's specials,beef with rice cakes,and more.The restaurant is open from 11:00 am to 9:00 pm Tuesday through Sunday,offering call-in orders and pickups. 1121 Nelson St,Rockville,MD 20850 Gourmet Inspirations The spacious dining room is regularly filled with customers enjoying dumplings and a variety of noodle and rice dishes.Customers can also place pickup orders online for lunch or dinner until 8:00 pm six days a week.Closed on Tuesday. 2646 University Blvd W,Silver Spring,MD 20902 Queen's English This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung's Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson's natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod.Reserve a spot indoors,at its chef's counter,or covered dog-friendly patio(),with creative wine tastings in the mix.Dinner hours:Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 pm-9:00 pm(last seating);Friday and Saturday 5:00 pm-9:30 pm (last seating).Closed on Sunday and Monday. 3410 11th St NW,Washington,DC 20010 21.What service is available only at Panda Gourmet? A.Call-in orders. B.Free packing. C.Takeout delivery. D.Online pickup orders. 22.Which restaurant can you go to for beef with rice cakes? A.Panda Gourmet. B.Shanghai Taste. C.Gourmet Inspirations. D.Queen's English. 23.What do we know about the Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights? A.It is open only on weekdays. B.It adopts a no-pet policy. C.It takes no reservations. D.It serves only dinner. 24 Passage2(2025全国一卷，C篇) 题材 讨论“城市规划” 体裁议论文 词数 315 建议用时7' 难度： While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years,transport stud- ies also show declines in pedestrian()mobility,especially among young children.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them in- to the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brommelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement:How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives,they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back. Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor()to champion "New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people,among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communi- ties?The authors of Movement have it right:it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A.Keep their cities livable. B.Promote cultural diversity. C.Help the needy families. D.Make expressways accessible. 30.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A.They boosted the sales of cars. B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. 31.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Why the Rush? B.What's Next? C.Where to Stay? D.Who to Blame? 25 Passage3(2025全国二卷，D篇) 题材将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴体裁说明文词数334建议用时8'难度： Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food?Mine does.Maybe that feel- ing comes from growing up in South Africa,where the phrase "there are children starving in Africa" was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant,supermarket,and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns,food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing.But last month,one popular New York City restau- rant tried a different way:It changed its menu to exclusively(])offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March,Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED,and served items like fried skate cartilage,a juice pulp burger,and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue(),and of that waste only 15.7%is donated or recy- cled.Up to 84.3%is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with ze- ro-waste systems,but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage. Instead,all the ingredients()used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucum- ber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived ex- periment;Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless,it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability,and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32.What can be inferred about the author's early life? A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home. 33.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A.To customize dishes for guests. B.To make the public aware of food waste. C.To test a food processing method. D.To improve the UK's zero-waste systems. 34.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Why the ingredients were used. B.Which dishes were best liked. C.What the dishes were made of. D.Where the ingredients were bought. 35.What can we learn about wastED? A.It has ended as planned. B.It is creating new jobs. C.It has regained popularity. D.It is criticized by top chefs. 26 Passage4(2025北京卷，D篇) 讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感 题材 体裁说明文词数 399 建议用时9' 之间的关系及如何改变个人故事 难度： The call to "know yourself"has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't al- ways match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. For many years,psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values,beliefs,goals and social roles.Then,in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years,when we begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes,and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and,to a varying extent,the story's author.People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,and they feel their life has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,too. Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.He discov- ered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health.Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive mean- ing after stressful events."People could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,"says Johnson.His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions.The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. Lisa Green,another researcher,sounds a few notes of caution().For instance,hearing a- bout the power of redemptive(stories,many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud. If you want to turn over a new leaf,though,one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new "chapter".Contrary to popular doubt,resolutions made on 1 Jan- uary are more effective for this reason.So,whether your goal is saving money or getting fit,there is no better time to become the author of our own destiny(). 31.What can be inferred about personal stories? A.They are unrelated to health. B.Consistent ones lead to stress. C.They are relevant to happiness. D.Thematic ones hold back change. 32.What can we learn from this passage? A.Talking about gains from failure is negative. B.New Year resolutions are well received. C.The West tends to overvalue optimism. D.Social roles fail to be highlighted. 33.What does the author mainly do in this passage? A.Clarify a goal. B.Analyse an event. C.Make a comparison. D.Illustrate an approach. 34.What is the passage mainly about? A.How self-identity works. B.How story-tellers are made. C.How personal stories raise doubts. D.How timing affects personal identity. 27 Passage5(2024北京卷，D篇) 人类道德准则的形成过程及 题材 体裁 说明文 词数 365 建议用时 8 人类建立道德准则的标准 难度： Franz Boas's description of Inuit()life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here,norms()were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking,even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre- date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding,while their disap- proval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally,social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time,energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth,even when lying is self-serving;we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands:we must get along,but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advantageous.In humans,a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language,which allows social practices to develop in extremely un- obvious ways. 32.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code? A.Living conditions were the drive. B.Unwritten rules were the target. C.Social tradition was the basis. D.Honesty was the key. 33.What can we learn from this passage? A.Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B.Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C.Language capacity is limited by self-control. D.Written laws have great influence on virtues. 34.Which would be the best title for this passage? A.Virtues:Bridges Across Cultures B.The Values of Self-discipline C.Brains:Walls Against Chaos D.The Roots of Morality 28 Passage6(2024新课标I卷，B篇) 美国兽医采用中西医 题材 体裁 记叙文 词数 296 建议用时 6 结合疗法救治动物 难度：， “I am not crazy,”says Dr.William Farber,shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸)ona rabbit."I am ahead of my time.If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians()now practicing "holistic" medicine-一combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)and herbal medicine. Farber,a graduate of Colorado State University,started out as a more conventional veterinari- an.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture,an ancient Chi- nese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a vet- erinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tin- dale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse,Nappy,"moves more easily and rides more comfortably"after a chiropractic adjust- ment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time,and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medi- cal Association has grown from 30 to over 700."Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,"he says."I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job." 24.What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A.He's odd. B.He's strict. C.He's brave. D.He's rude. 25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A.He was trained in it at university. B.He was inspired by another veterinarian. C.He benefited from it as a patient. D.He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians'work. C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A.To prove Farber's point. B.To emphasize its importance. C.To praise veterinarians. D.To advocate animal protection. 29 Passage7(2024新课标I卷，C篇) 题材纸质书阅读比数字阅读更有优势体裁议论文词数339建议用时8′难度： Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper?And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?The answers to both questions are often "no".The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset()and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as draw- ing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.With paper,there is a literal laying on of hands,along with the visual geography of dis- tinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis()".According to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mind- set suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio()and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies-say,assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However,psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educa- tors shouldn't assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words. 28.What does the underlined phrase "shine through"in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. 29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A.They can hold students'attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. 31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 30 Passage8(2024浙江1月卷，B篇) 题材电话亭转变为“迷你社区图书馆”体裁记叙文词数338建议用时8′难度： When was the last time you used a telephone box?I mean to make an actual phone call-not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions()for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing,I spread some throws o- ver the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more"young professional". As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets,the door swung shut behind me.Sudden- ly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside,but luckily there was a telephone box across the street.So,I called Directory Assistance,got put through to our landlady's managing agent,and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one,I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.The last one standing has just been turned into a "mini community library":any passer-by can "borrow"a book from its shelves,and return it later,or re- place it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the "library"opened,I didn't bother taking a look,as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories.Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.And I've discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again,my local telephone box will,sadly,no longer be a- ble to connect me with my keys.But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 24.What does the underlined word "it"in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play. B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 25.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A.To place an urgent call. B.To put up a notice. C.To shelter from the rain. D.To hold an audition. 26.What do we know about the“mini community library”？ A.It provides phone service for free. B.Anyone can contribute to its collection. C.It is popular among young readers. D.Books must be returned within a month. 27.Why did the author start to use the "library"? A.He wanted to borrow some love stories. B.He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C.He found there were excellent free books. D.He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 31 Passage9(2024全国甲卷，C篇) 题材提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯火车体裁说明文词数267 建议用时8' 难度： The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers -it accepts only the sick.The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia.Each stop lasts an average of two days,and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural()populations with basic medical care,X-ray scans and prescriptions. "People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,says Emile Ducke,a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions()of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,particularly in the poorer,rural areas 好 east of the Volga River,including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding finan- cial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasno- yarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.For 10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock().Then it starts all over again the next month.Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic checkups."I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still sta- ying focused and very concerned,"says Ducke."They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want." 28.How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A.It runs across countries. B.It reserves seats for the seniors. C.It functions as a hospital. D.It travels along a river. 29.What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A.It is heavily populated. B.It offers training for doctors. C.It is a modern city. D.It needs medical aid. 30.How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A.About a year. B.About ten months. C.About two months. D.About two weeks. 31.What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas'services? A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. 32渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快 地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的 历史一那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作 者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它 承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“The Doll- house:More Than Just a Toy(玩具小屋：不仅仅是一 个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 Passage 7 [语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍由马克·吐 温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河流冒险记》。 2l.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough,with music by David Kisor.(本劃由乔· 麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大 卫·基索作曲的。 22.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Turner,al0th grader at School for Creative and Performing Arts,is a familiar presence on Cincinnati's stages.He is a star ac- tor of Children's Theatre,having played leading roles in 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow'and 'The Wizard of Oz',and is fresh from Jersey Production 'Ragtime'. (Turner是一名创意与表演艺术学校的l0年级学生， 是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员， 曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽 西制作公司‘Ragtime'的新成员。)”可知，Turner是辛辛那 提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传 说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“Mc Math is a junior at Beechwood High School.He was in the cast of'Tom Sawyer'when it was first performed and is a Children's Theatre regular,with five shows to his credit,.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。 他是《汤姆·索亚》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常 客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常 客：综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验 丰富。 23.D细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Note to teachers: Children's Theatre has a study guide demonstrating how math and science can be taught through Tom Sawyer'.For downloadable lessons,visit the official website of Children's Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童 剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》 教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官 方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指 南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通 过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教 师提供了教有资源。 Passage 8 [语篇解读]本文介绍了集表演、艺术展览、艺术制作等 活动为一体的艺术节，引导学生走进画廊和博物馆，培养 审美情趣，提高艺术品味。 2l.C细节理解题。由第一段中“We look forward to wel- coming you as we showcase the creativity of the Har- vard arts community through performances,art exhibi- tions and art--making activities.”可知，ARTS FIRST艺 术节展示了哈佛艺术社区的创造力，通过表演、艺术展 览和艺术创作活动等多种形式呈现。因此，可以确定 它是一个展示娱乐活动的艺术节。 22.A细节理解题。由“Light Awash in Watercolor”部分 中的“Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists”可知，“Light Awash in Watercolor”这个活动 涉及绘画技巧的实践和体验。如果你对绘画感兴趣， 可以选择这个活动。 23.B细节理解题。由“Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Cre- ativity”部分中“..while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.”可知，Javier Marin的活 动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此，可以确 定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。 1 Passage 9 [语篇解读]文章主要讲述了如何续写故事结尾，围绕文 学作品结尾的创作进行探讨，为学生平时欣赏文学作品和 开展写作练习提供了有益建议。 32.A细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，作者在大学三年 级时正在进行一项关于雏多利亚文学的独立研究，并 刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》。他去 找教授讨论小说的结局。 33,C推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，作者在教授的启 发下意识到，不同类型的文学作品有其特有的结局。 如果想要读一个结局保证是幸福的，就读爱情小说；如 果想要一个猜不出的结局，就读悬疑小说。每种类型 的文学作品都有其独特的结局。 34.B细节理解题。由第三段内容可知，一个好的结局需 要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还 需要符合角色的发展。 35.B推理判断题。由第四段内容可知，作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期Writer's Digest杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好 的结尾 3.历史、社会及文化 Passage I [语篇解读]本文主要介绍了华盛顿特区及周边四家知 名中餐馆的菜品、订餐方式、营业时间与详细地址信息。 2l.C细节理解题。根据Panda Gourmet部分中的“Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout,and deliver- y is now an option.(熊猫美食家餐厅支持线上，点外卖， 如今也可以配送。)”可知，该店独有外卖配送服务。 22.B细节理解题。根据Shanghai Taste部分中的“It also serves a variety of chef's specials,beef with rice cakes, and more,(这家店还供应多款主厨特色菜、年糕牛肉以 及其他菜品。)”可知，想要吃年糕牛肉可以去Shanghai Taste 23.D细节理解题。根据Queen's English部分中的“Din ner hours:Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 pm-9:00 pm(last seating);Friday and Saturday 5:00 pm-9:30 pm(last seating).Closed on Sunday and Monday. 营业时间：周二至周四下午5点30分到晚上9，点；周 五、周六下午5，点到晚上9点30分；周日、周一歌业。)” 可知，这家餐厅只供应晚餐。 Passage 2 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方 城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童 步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街 道功能，重视城市宜居性。 28.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety im provements might have been made to our streets in re- cent years,transport studies also show declines in pe- destrian(行人）mobility,especially among young chil- dren.Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,so they pack them into the car instead.(虽然近年来我们的街道 可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流 动性下降，尤其是少年儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通 太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩 子塞进车里。)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减 少、开车增多。 29.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously,a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Man- hattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the de- struction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长)to champion‘New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.’(最着 名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往 曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在 描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫‘纽约作为适宜居住的地方， 2 而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道。)”可推知，加拿大记者和 其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。 30.B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely rede- signed around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.(尽管这些 运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车 需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增 加。)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的 活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。 3l,A主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through,but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities？(我们在帮助我们快速 通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真 正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社 区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代 价吗？)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽 视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush?(为何匆 匆？)”质问“rush through(匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合 主旨，最适合作为本文标题。 Passage 3 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费 问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例， 该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作莱品，以此提 高人们对可持续饮食的关注 32.A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feel- ing comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase 'there are children starving in Africa'was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time..(这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经 历 一在那里，‘非洲还有孩子在挨饿’这句话与其说 是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒。) 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此 可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。 33.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道莱都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认 识。)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将莱单改为 只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物 浪费的认识。 34.C主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technical- ly made from garbage.Instead,all the ingredients( used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs,fish collars,rejected sweet potatoes,and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and,with the help of a number of good chefs,turned into excellent cuisine.(值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的莱单 上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材 都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产 品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东 西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美 味的菜肴。)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的 菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红 薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什 么做成的。 35.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wast ED received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment;Blue Hill has since re- turned to its regular menu.(尽管wastED餐厅收到了 热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目： 此后，Blue Hill餐厅已回归常规菜单。)”可知，wastED 从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜 单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。 11 Passage 4 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人 故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系及如何改变个人 故事。 3l.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of iden- tity,and they feel their life has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,too,(拥有更一致故事的人往往有更 强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有 方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度 也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。 32.C推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lin- ing behind every cloud.(她说，西方文化已经促使人们 在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于 过度重视乐观主义。 33.D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to 'know yourself'has been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (‘认识你自己’这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认 知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲 述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变 自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then,in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约输逊创造了身份的 生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特 征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过 这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes,(约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些 故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故 事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何 通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作 者主要是在阐述一种方法。 34.A主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call to 'know yourself'has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.(‘认识你自 己'这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己认知并不总是与 他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己 的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)” 和第二段中“Then,in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.(然后，在20世纪80年 代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提 出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起 构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们 的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联 系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认 知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研 究。“How self-identity works.(自我认同是如何运作 的。)”符合题意。 Passage 5 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规 范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程 及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题 解决机制中。 3 32.C推理判断题。根据第一段“Here,norms(规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and vio- lent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership,mar- riage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's prac- tical approach to morality made good sense.(在这里，规 范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭 记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他 群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音 乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以被 强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之 高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知 因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德 准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。 33.B细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving,(这些普遍规范远远早于 任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根 于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的 共同机制。)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需 求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即 人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。 34.D主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the l9 th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博 厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可 能的道德准则。)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道 德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准 则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的 社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合 作为文章标题。 Passage 6 语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述美国兽医威 廉·法伯(William Farber)在从针灸中受益后，将整体医学 疗法应用于动物疾病，并取得了显著成效并具有发展 前景。 24.A细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive,it might be because even some of his cowork- ers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods..(如果他 看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会 嘲笑他不寻常的方法。)”可知，Farber的同事们有时会 嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪 25.C细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupunc- ture,an ancient Chinese practice,and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So,after studying the techniques for a couple of years,he began offer- ing them to pets.（然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中 国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好 转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在 研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可 知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试 在完物上使用针灸。 26.D主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale''sdog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to sleep,but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing re- ports that her horse,Nappy,moves more easily and rides more comfortably'after a chiropractic adjust- ment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代 11 尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态， 但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它 多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告 说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，·行动更 容易，骑起来更舒服’。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例 子，一个是Farber通过整体医学疗法帮助了患有严重 心脏病的狗Charlie,另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按 摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说 明整体医学疗法的有效性。 27.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. 伯确信，随着时间的推移，整体医学疗法会越来越受欢 迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的：自1982 年以来，美国整体兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到 700多个。)”可知，法伯认为整体医学疗法会越来越受 欢迎，随后作者列举了美国整体兽医协会的会员已经 从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽 医协会是为证明法伯的观，点。 Passage 7 语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了纸质书阅 读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 28.D词义猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of sev- eral hundred words or more,learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百 字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习 更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现。)”可知，在纸上 学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction -such as drawing inferences from a text (当实验人员从提出简单的任务（如识别阅读文章的主 旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务（如从文本中推断） 时。)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转 向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显 而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之 意，和D项意思相近 29.A推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called‘shallowing hypothesis(假说)'.Accord- ing to this theory,people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,which are often not so serious,and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研 究人员提出了一个名为‘shallowing hypothesis'的理 论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触 数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时 相比，投入的精神努力也更少。)”可知，“shallowing hy pothesis'”假说认为读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种 轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心 理努力。 30.A细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学 教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如布置一个在线讲 座而不是一篇同一作者写的文章。)”可知，音频和视频 比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越 多地使用这些技术。 3l.C推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts,audio and video all have educational roles,especially when providing resources not available in print.However,for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,educators shouldn't assume all media are the same,even when they contain identical words. 字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印 刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精力集 中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应 假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的文 字。)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一 定作用，但当需要精力集中和反思以最大化学习时，教 育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相 同的文字。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用 仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。 Passage 8 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭 渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被改造 成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费 书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。 24.B词义猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子 里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租 房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以t代指“合租房” 25.A细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So,I called Di- rectory Assistance,got put through to our landlady's managing agent,and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors ar- rived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的 经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员 们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是 为了拔打紧急电话。 26.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turned into a 'mini community li- brary':any passer-by can 'borrow'a book from its shelves,and return it later,or replace it with another ti- tle from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一 个‘迷你社区图书馆’：任何路过的人都可以从它的书 架上‘借’书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书 来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”捐 赠图书。 27.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of volumi- nous books on various subjects there.And these books were free.This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never nor- mally consider buying.And I've discovered some great books！(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各 种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费 的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不 会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可 知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书， 所以开始使用。 Passage 9 [语篇解读]本文介绍了一辆只接收病人的列车。从而 引出了俄罗斯政府在贫困的农村地区，如伏尔加河以东的 克拉斯诺亚尔斯克，采取的一些解决公共医疗服务现代化 问题的措施。 28.C细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，圣卢卡斯火车不 接受普通乘客，只接收病人，并为乡村人口提供基本的 医疗服务。因此，它的功能类似于医院。 29.D推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，俄罗斯政府在贫 困的农村地区，如伏尔加河以东的克拉斯诺亚尔斯克， 采取了一些措施来解决公共医疗服务现代化的问题， 包括视频预约医生和扩展财政援助项目以激励医生在 偏远地区行医。这表明克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗 援助。 30.D细节理解题。由第四段中“For10 months every year,the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给)，”可知，圣卢卡斯火车每次补给可以 持续大约两周的工作。 11 3l.A观，点态度题。由第五段Ducke的话“I was very im- pressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned...They were the best chance for many rural peo- ple to get the treatment they want..”可知，Ducke对圣卢卡 斯火车提供的服务表示赞赏。 4.科学与技术 Passage 1 [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量 回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿 色交通与能源高效利用。 32.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener,while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe's difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.( 塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走 向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰 难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广 绿色交通。 33.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘】am pleasantly surprised,because I am always looking for where to plug it in,'Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working一class area of southern Barcelona,(埃斯皮 诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道： ‘我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。’)”可 知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 34.D段落大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes.That energy can be immediately used to accel- erate the vehicle or,in the case of the Barcelona subway system,sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机 构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量一这 些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这 些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁 系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电 桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 35.A细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna,a professor of electrical engineering,said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses -in this case powe- ring electric cars parked nearby,.(电气工程教授阿尔瓦 罗·卢纳表示，这套系统在某种程度上颇具创新性，原 因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用 途 一本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)” 可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 Passage 2 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项关于减少 自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球， 甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟 并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质， 但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该 研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以 推广应用。 32.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth- they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of sea- birds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans..(微塑料已经成为地球上 常见的污染源一一它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上， 被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪 中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通 过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。 5