2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS单元复习整理

**基本信息** 以词汇-语法-阅读三维度整合科学主题知识，强化语言能力与文化意识、思维品质的融合训练。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇默写|59词（阅读16+写作29+拓展14）|分层分类考查，拓展词含词性转换|按“输入-输出-拓展”逻辑构建词汇网络，关联科学主题语境| |语法填空|1篇语篇10空|依托科学事件语境，考查语法应用|以“问题发现-研究过程-结果”叙事链串联语法知识| |阅读理解|2篇（A宋应星/B氧气注射研究）|含推理判断、词义猜测等题型|选取中外科学案例，渗透文化意识与批判性思维| |阅读七选五|1篇“追求梦想”主题|考查语篇衔接与逻辑推理|通过励志主题提升学习能力与思维品质|

2026-2027高中英语 选择性必修二 Unit 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 单元复习整理 1． 单词默写 【阅读词汇】 1.cholera n. 　　　　　  2.germ n. 　　　　　  3.water pump 　　　　　  4.substantial adj. 　　　　　  5.epidemiology n. 　　　　　  6.protein n. 　　　　　  7.cell n. 　　　　　  8.virus n. 　　　　　  9.vaccine n. 　　　　　  10.framework n. 　　　　　  11.theoretical framework 　　　　　  12.aerospace n. 　　　　　  13.patriotic adj. 　　　　　  14.aviation n. 　　　　　  15.jet n. 　　　　　  16.missile n. 　　　　　  【写作词汇】 17.　　　　　　 adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的  18.　　　　　　 adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的  19.　　　　　　 vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)  20.　　　　　　 n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人  21.　　　　　　 vt. & vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象  22.　　　　　　 vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责  23.　　　　　　 n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)  24.　　　　　　 n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联  25.　　　　　　 adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的  26.　　　　　　 n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低  27.　　　　　　 n.[pl.-s] 统计数字;统计资料;统计学   28.　　　　　　 n.思想;思维;见解  29.　　　　　　 n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决  30.　　　　　　 adj.最初的;开始的;第一的  31.　　　　　　 adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体  32.　　　　　　 vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷  33.　　　　　　 n.阴影;影子;背光处  34.　　　　　　 n.彩虹  35.　　　　　　 vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)  36.　　　　　　 n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的  37.　　　　　　 n.领导;领导地位;领导才能  38.　　　　　　 vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹  39.　　　　　　 adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的  40.　　　　　　 adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.(文献等的)摘要  41.　　　　　　 n.概念;观念  42.　　　　　　 prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外  43.　　　　　　 adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的  44.　　　　　　 adv.此外;再者  45.　　　　　　 n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向  【拓展词汇】 46.　　　　　　 adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustrate v.使懊恼;使沮丧→　　　　　　　　 n.沮丧;懊恼;挫败  47.　　　　　　 vt.使感染;传染→　　　　　 n.感染;传染  48.　　　　　　 vt.证明→　　　　　　 n.证据;证明;检验  49.　　　　　　 adj.数量多的;多种多样的→　　　　　　 v. 乘;成倍增加;(使)繁殖  50.　　　　　 v.介入;出面;干涉→　　　　　 n.介入;出面;干涉  51.　　　　　　 adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→　　　　　　 vt.使纯净;使洁净  52.　　　　　　 adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→　　　　　　 n.机械师;机械修理工  53.　　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解→　　　　　 n.防御;防务→defensive adj.防御的;保护的  54.　　　　　　 v.协助;帮助→　　　　　　 n.助理;助手→　　　　　　 n.援助,帮助  55.　　　　　 n.礼物;天赋;赠品→　　　　　 adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的  56.　　　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→　　　　　　 adv.稳定地;稳固地  57.　　　　　　 n.天文学→　　　　　　 n.天文学家  58.　　　　　　 n.弱点;过错→　　　　　　 adj.错误的;有缺陷的   59.　　　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→　　　　　　 adv.生动地;逼真地;鲜明地  二．单元语法填空 David was a 1.　　　　　(gift) young man with scientific thinking. Last summer, cholera broke out in his hometown. Hundreds of households 2.　　　　　　　 (infect), suffering from severe diarrhoea,dehydration and it even caused multiple deaths. The disease cast a shadow on people’s life.   A medical team was set up in 3.　　　　　(defend) of people’s health. However, at the initial stage, the doctors were 4.　　　　　(frustrate) by the contradictory theories about the cause of the disease. At that time, David offered to work as an 5.　　　　　 (assist). He carefully read books of epidemiology. Although abstract, it provided him with a theoretical framework.   This brilliant young man suspected that there was a link between the disease and the nearby factories. He interviewed the residents who came down with cholera and the people in charge 6.　　　　 the factories. Furthermore, with the assistance of a microscope, he traced the disease back to the germs and viruses in the drinking water. With concrete 7.　　　　　 (prove)and statistics, he announced his finding that the water pump was 8.　　　　　(blame). The doctors admitted their fault and shifted the treatment immediately.  Thanks 9.　　　　 David’s solid work and the government’s intervention, the threat of cholera saw a substantial decrease. Besides, people were called on to take a vaccine to destroy the disease once and for all. Above all, David 10.　　　　　 (transform) the way people studied diseases.  三．配套小练习 　 Ⅰ 阅读理解 A Song Yingxing was a Chinese scientist and encyclopedist (百科全书编纂者) who lived during the late Ming Dynasty. The British biochemist and historian Joseph Needham called him “The Diderot of China”. Song Yingxing was born in Fengxin County in Jiangxi Province in 1587. He took part in the second highest imperial examination in Beijing six times, but failed to become a jinshi. After that, he decided to give up taking exams and turned to the practical knowledge of natural science. Then Song Yingxing spent four years teaching his students in his hometown. Although it was a job like teaching, it was a very important stage in Song Yingxing’s life, because many of his works were written here. And Song Yingxing had been living in a secluded (隐居的) life in the past ten years. Because he didn’t want to be an official, Song Yingxing lived a very poor life in his later years. He is the author of Tian Gong Kai Wu, an encyclopedia that covers a wide variety of technical subjects. As Joseph Needham has observed, the vast amount of accurately drawn illustrations in this encyclopedia dwarfed the amount provided in previous Chinese encyclopedias, making it a valuable written work in the history of Chinese literature. Tian Gong Kai Wu records all aspects of technology up to the mid-Ming period. The book constitutes a complete system of science and technology, and provides a systematic summary of ancient Chinese technology, the experience accumulated by China in agriculture, and China’s achievements in technology. Many of the production techniques described in the book are still in use today. At the same time, Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese tradition by rarely referencing previous written work. It was instead written in a style strongly suggestive of personal experience. The book was translated into Japanese, French, English, German, Italian, and Russian, and was widely circulated in Europe and Japan. In addition, Song Yingxing had made great achievements in many fields. His research was very extensive. In physics, he studied the occurrence of sound and, finally concluded that sound is transmitted in the air. (　)1.What can we learn about Song Yingxing from the text? A.He adjusted the direction of life. B.He dreamed of being a great scientist. C.He received a science education. D.He passed imperial examinations. (　)2.Which of the following best describes Song’s teaching life? A.Busy but satisfactory. B.Significant and rewarding. C.Comfortable but worthless. D.Challenging and intolerant. (　)3.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “dwarfed”? A.Made something seem smaller. B.Applied something to practice. C.Provided evidence of something. D.Took advantage of something. (　)4.What is one of the features of Tian Gong Kai Wu? A.It provides abundant first-hand experience. B.It is written in multiple foreign languages. C.It focuses merely on agricultural technology. D.It largely references previous encyclopedias. B Scientists have discovered a new way of administering oxygen to the blood which could allow people to stay alive without breathing. The procedure, which works by injecting oxygen molecules enclosed in fatty molecules directly into the bloodstream, could extend over an extra 30 minutes of life when they cannot breathe. John Kheir, a doctor of the Boston Children’s Hospital, was inspired to begin his groundbreaking research after he experienced a patient’s tragic death, according to ScienceDaily. He was operating on a young girl whose pneumonia led to deadly brain damage after doctors were unable to place her on a breathing machine in time to save her. In response, Dr Kheir started working on the idea of injecting oxygen directly into the blood. Early experiments showed that the intervention could in theory be very successful, he said. “We drew each other’s blood, mixed it in a test tube with the microparticles, and watched blue blood turn immediately red, right before our eyes.” However, injecting pure oxygen into the bloodstream in gas form failed miserably when it was attempted 100 years ago, as it formed dangerous bubbles in the veins. Much of Dr Kheir’s research therefore involved finding a substance which could surround the oxygen and allow it to be suspended in a liquid for injection into the body. He found that using fatty molecules was the best way to keep oxygen after using sound waves to trap the two substances together into small particles that can only be seen with the help of a microscope. The particles were then made up into a liquid which is very heavily oxygenated—carrying “three to four times the oxygen content of our own red blood cells”, according to Dr Kheir. When used on humans, the oxygen could probably last for up to 30 minutes, though injecting it for any longer could damage the patient’s blood. “This is a short-term oxygen substitute—a way to safely inject oxygen gas to support patients during a critical few minutes,” Dr Kheir said. He added that he thought the technique could become routine for doctors dealing with emergency situations. (　)5.What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.John Kheir made a mistake in an operation. B.An incident enlightened John Kheir’s research. C.John Kheir failed to inject oxygen into a girl’s blood. D.A young patient died tragically in John Kheir’s research. (　)6.What problem may lead to the failure of previous trials? A.The blue blood can turn red only in theory. B.The microparticles fail to mix with oxygen. C.Administering oxygen to the blood is difficult. D.Oxygen gas inserted may cause more serious problems. (　)7.How did Dr Kheir solve the problem to successfully inject oxygen into the blood? A.To surround oxygen molecules with fat. B.To use sound waves to turn gas into liquid. C.To involve more oxygen into red blood cells. D.To find a liquid with the aid of a microscope. (　)8.What is Dr Kheir’s attitude towards the new way? A.Unclear. 　　　B.Doubtful. C.Subjective. D.Hopeful. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 Pursue your dreams today, not tomorrow Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams? We often postpone our dreams, trapped in a cycle of delay. But why wait? 1.　　　 You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step. You can take minute steps towards a brighter future. And start right now.  2.　　　　 If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets. You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself. Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.  It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed. Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3.　　　　 Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.  At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4.　　　　 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do, so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push?  Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day. It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts. Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5.　　　  Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown. A.Ask yourself what would be worse. B.Starting small is completely acceptable. C.You owe it to yourself to go after your dreams. D.New opportunities may lead to personal growth. E.If things go well, you can gradually make further shifts. F.You need to move past your insecurities and explore your full potential. G.Hard as it is, it’s crucial to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind. 参考答案 一． 词句默写 Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】 1.霍乱　2.微生物; 细菌; 病菌　3.水泵　4.大量的; 价值巨大的; 重大的　5.流行病学　6.蛋白质　7.细胞; 小房间; 单间牢房　8.病毒　9.疫苗　10.框架; 结构　11.理论框架　12.航空航天工业　13.爱国的　14.航空制造业; 航空; 飞行　15.喷气式飞机　16.导弹 【写作词汇】 17.severe　18.contradictory　19.subscribe　20.household 21.suspect　22.blame　23.handle　24.link　25.raw　26.decrease　27.statistic　28.thinking　29.finding 30.initial　31.solid　32.cast　33.shadow　34.rainbow　35.pour　36.concrete　37.leadership　38.trace 39.outstanding　40.abstract　41.concept　42.besides 43.brilliant　44.furthermore　45.shift 【拓展词汇】 46.frustrated; frustration　47.infect; infection　48.prove; proof　49.multiple; multiply　50.intervene; intervention　51.pure; purify　52.mechanical; mechanic　53.defend; defence　54.assist; assistant; assistance　55.gift; gifted 56.steady; steadily　57.astronomy; astronomer　58.fault; faulty　59.vivid; vividly 二．单元语法填空 1.gifted　2.were infected　3.defence　4.frustrated 5.assistant　6.of　7.proofs　8.to blame　9.to 10.transformed 三．配套小练习 A 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宋应星的生平、作品以及他的贡献。 1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段的“He took part in…After that, he decided to give up taking exams and turned to the practical knowledge of natural science.”可知,宋应星调整了生活的方向。故选A项。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Although it was a job like teaching, it was a very important stage in Song Yingxing’s life, because many of his works were written here.”可推知,宋应星的教学生活是重要的,且有意义的。故选B项。 3.A　词义猜测题。根据第四段的“He is the author of Tian Gong Kai Wu, an encyclopedia that covers a wide variety of technical subjects…The book constitutes a complete system of science and technology, and provides a systematic summary of ancient Chinese technology, the experience accumulated by China in agriculture, and China’s achievements in technology.”可知,《天工开物》记录了明朝中期以前的科技的各个方面,构成了一个完整的科学技术体系,因此这本百科全书使之前的中国百科全书相形见绌,所以画线词意为“使某物看起来小一些,使相形见绌”。故选A项。 4.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“At the same time, Tian Gong Kai Wu broke from Chinese tradition by rarely referencing previous written work. It was instead written in a style strongly suggestive of personal experience.”可知,《天工开物》的特色之一是它提供了丰富的第一手经验。故选A项。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Kheir发现了一种向血液输送氧气的新方法,这种方法可以让人在没有呼吸的情况下存活下来。这种方法将包裹在脂肪分子中的氧分子直接注射到血液中,可以在患者无法呼吸时延长其30分钟的生命。 5.B　段落大意题。根据第二段“John Kheir…was inspired to begin his groundbreaking research after he experienced a patient’s tragic death…”可知,第二段的主要内容是一位病人的悲惨死亡启发了John Kheir的研究。故选B项。 6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段“However, injecting pure oxygen into the bloodstream in gas form failed miserably when it was attempted 100 years ago, as it formed dangerous bubbles in the veins.”可知,注入的氧气可能会导致更严重的问题,从而导致之前的试验的失败。故选D项。 7.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He found that using fatty molecules was the best way…The particles were then made up into a liquid which is very heavily oxygenated…”可知,他用脂肪包裹氧分子来解决向血液中成功注入氧气的问题。故选A项。 8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘This is a short-term oxygen substitute—a way to safely inject oxygen gas to support patients during a critical few minutes,’ Dr Kheir said. He added that he thought the technique could become routine for doctors dealing with emergency situations.”可推知,Kheir对这种新方法充满希望。故选D项。 ●Ⅱ【文章大意】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。 1.B　根据下文“You don’t have to take a huge, life-changing step. You can take minute steps towards a brighter future. And start right now.”可知,后文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步,由此可推知,本句是在建议从小处开始。故B选项“从小处开始是完全可以接受的。”符合语境,故选B。 2.C　根据下文“If you never try, you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets. You’re always going to wonder how your life would’ve turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself. Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”(如果你从不尝试,你就会被你的遗憾压垮。你总是想知道,如果你真的给自己一个机会,你的生活会变成什么样子。不要让未来的自己对现在的自己失望。)可知,本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会,即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“你应该为自己去追求你的梦想。”符合语境,故选C。 3.G　根据下文“Embrace a mindset of determination, knowing that success is within your reach.”(拥有一种坚定的心态,知道成功是可以实现的。)可知,下文提到要拥有坚定的心态,由此可推知,要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项“尽管困难重重,但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的。”符合语境,故选G。 4.F　根据上文“At the end of the day, you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction. If you allow your fear to get the best of you, you’re never going to forgive yourself.”可知,上文提到不要让恐惧占上风。故F选项“你需要克服你的不安全感,发掘你的全部潜力。”符合语境,故选F。 5.E　根据上文“Sometimes, following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day. It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule, but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts. Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams.”(有时候,追随你的激情意味着每天花费大量的时间。这可能需要对你的时间表做些轻微调整,但你不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切。试着在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡。)可知,上文建议在现在的生活和梦想之间取得平衡,本句为本段最后一句,故应说明这么做的结果。故E选项“如果一切顺利,你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变。”符合语境,故选E。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $