周周有招同步提高班Unit6讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦被动语态综合进阶核心知识点，涵盖情态动词被动、双宾语被动及特殊情况（如不及物动词无被动、感官动词主动表被动等），承接第1讲三种时态被动语态基础，构建“视角转换+时间定位”的双重思维能力，形成从基础到进阶的学习支架。 该资料以太空探索为主题整合教学内容，阅读模块训练科普文章结构分析（总-分-总、时间顺序等），写作模块提供三段式框架及主题词汇，提升语言能力。通过“我是小老师”纠错、命题人挑战等活动，培养思维品质。课中教师可借助朗读稿辅助教学，课后知识地图和回环挑战题帮助学生系统梳理、查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

第2讲 What Does It Take to Explore Space（探索太空需要什么） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 第1讲知识复习 · 一般将来时被动 + 太空词汇 讲题 5分钟 课前测精讲 · 易错回扫 课堂授课 80分钟 被动语态深度进阶（三种时态综合 + 特殊情况）+ 阅读技能 + 写作输出 课堂练习 15分钟 综合题型训练 讲解 5分钟 答题技巧总结 课堂小结 5分钟 全单元知识体系构建 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. A new space station __________ (build) next year. → will be built 解析：next year提示将来时，station是"被建造"。 1. The telephone __________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. → was invented 解析：in 1876提示过去时，telephone是"被发明"。 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries around the world. → is spoken 解析：客观事实，一般现在时。 1. More trees __________ (plant) every spring. → are planted 解析：every spring提示一般现在时，trees是"被种植"。 1. The bridge __________ (build) in 2020. → was built 解析：in 2020提示过去时，bridge是"被建造"。 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点回扫三种时态被动语态的区分。强调时间状语对时态选择的决定性作用。 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 核心语法：被动语态综合进阶（30分钟） 1.1 情态动词的被动语态 结构公式： 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 情态动词 主动语态 被动语态 can can do can be done must must do must be done should should do should be done may may do may be done have to have to do have to be done 【例6-8 情态动词被动】将下列句子改为被动语态。 (1) We must finish the work today. → The work must be finished today. 解析：情态动词must后加be，finish改为过去分词finished。 (2) You can solve this problem easily. → This problem can be solved easily. 解析：can后加be，solve改为过去分词solved。 (3) We should protect the environment. → The environment should be protected. 解析：should后加be，protect改为过去分词protected。 1.2 含有双宾语的被动语态 有些动词可以带两个宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），变为被动语态时有两种方式： 常见动词： give, send, show, tell, teach, offer, bring, buy 两种转换方式： 方式 示例 方式一：间接宾语变主语 I gave him a book. → He was given a book. 方式二：直接宾语变主语 I gave him a book. → A book was given to him. 【例6-9 双宾语被动】将下列句子改为两种被动语态。 (1) The teacher will give the students some advice. → 方式一：The students will be given some advice. → 方式二：Some advice will be given to the students. (2) They sent the astronauts a message. → 方式一：The astronauts were sent a message. → 方式二：A message was sent to the astronauts. 1.3 被动语态中的特殊情况（复习+拓展） （1）不及物动词无被动 常见不及物动词 正确用法（主动） 错误用法（被动） happen The accident happened yesterday. ✗ was happened take place The meeting will take place next week. ✗ will be taken place come true My dream will come true. ✗ will be come true appear A star appeared in the sky. ✗ was appeared belong to This book belongs to me. ✗ is belonged to （2）感官动词主动表被动 动词 正确用法 含义 taste The food tastes good. 尝起来 smell The flower smells sweet. 闻起来 sound The music sounds beautiful. 听起来 feel The cloth feels soft. 摸起来 look The dress looks nice. 看起来 （3）need/require doing 主动表被动 The flowers need watering.（= The flowers need to be watered.） The machine requires repairing.（= The machine requires to be repaired.） 【例6-10 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) The sports meeting __________ next week. A. will take place B. will be taken place C. takes place D. is taken place → [A] 解析：take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。next week提示将来时，用will take place。 (2) The soup __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动形式表示被动含义。 (3) The work must __________ today. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing → [B] 解析：情态动词被动：must be + 过去分词finished。 (4) The flowers need __________. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered → [C] 解析：need doing = need to be done，主动表被动。 1.4 三种时态被动语态综合训练 【例6-11 综合实战】根据时间状语选择合适的被动语态时态。 (1) The bridge __________ (build) in 2000. → was built 解析：in 2000提示一般过去时。 (2) The bridge __________ (build) every year. → is built 解析：every year提示一般现在时。 (3) The bridge __________ (build) next year. → will be built 解析：next year提示一般将来时。 (4) The bridge __________ (must / build) before winter. → must be built 解析：情态动词被动，must be built。 (5) The bridge __________ (build) by workers now. → is being built 解析：now提示现在进行时被动（拓展了解）。 模块二 阅读技能：科普文章的结构分析（15分钟） 2.1 阅读策略：科普文章结构定位法 四大结构类型： 结构类型 特点 信号词 适用文体 总-分-总 开头引出主题，中间分点论述，结尾总结 first, second, finally, in conclusion 议论文、说明文 时间顺序 按时间先后叙述事件发展 in 1876, then, later, after that, finally 历史介绍、发明过程 因果逻辑 先说明原因/背景，再说明结果/影响 because, so, as a result, lead to 科普说明文 问题-解决 先提出问题，再给出解决方案 problem, difficulty, solution, way to 议论文、建议类 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿： Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Today, we have the technology to explore space. But what does it take to explore space? First, we need advanced technology. Rockets must be developed to carry spacecraft into space. Satellites need to be positioned to help with communication. Spacecraft have to be designed to survive the harsh conditions of space. Second, we need courage and teamwork. Astronauts must be trained for years before they can go to space. They have to deal with weightlessness, loneliness, and danger. On the ground, thousands of scientists and engineers work together to make every mission successful. Third, we need international cooperation. Space exploration is too big for any single country. When nations cooperate with one another, greater progress can be made. The International Space Station is a great example of what can be achieved through cooperation. In the future, more challenges will be faced. But with technology, courage, and cooperation, humans will continue to explore the universe. 【阅读任务】 (1) What three things do we need to explore space according to the passage?（2分） → Advanced technology, courage and teamwork, and international cooperation. 解析：原文三个段落分别讨论三点。 (2) Why do astronauts need to be trained for years?（1分） → Because they have to deal with weightlessness, loneliness, and danger. 解析：原文"Astronauts must be trained for years...have to deal with weightlessness, loneliness, and danger." (3) What is a good example of international cooperation in space?（1分） → The International Space Station. 解析：原文"The International Space Station is a great example." (4) 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少3句）。（2分） → ① Rockets must be developed to carry spacecraft into space. → ② Satellites need to be positioned. → ③ Spacecraft have to be designed to survive harsh conditions. → ④ Astronauts must be trained for years. → ⑤ Greater progress can be made through cooperation. (5) 用一句话概括本文主旨。（2分） → Space exploration requires advanced technology, courage and teamwork, and international cooperation. 解析：主旨归纳题。 模块三 写作：Write about Space Exploration（25分钟） 教材关联： 本单元写作任务为"关于太空探索的短文"。要求使用一般将来时被动语态 + 太空主题词汇。 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1：开头（引出话题） 句型模板： Space exploration is important because __________. In the future, more __________ will be __________. Paragraph 2：主体（探索原因+未来计划） 内容 句型选择 示例 原因一 First, ...helps us... Space exploration helps us understand Earth. 原因二 Second, ...benefits... Space technology benefits people on Earth. 未来计划 ...will be done... A new space station will be built. Paragraph 3：结尾（总结与展望） 句型模板： I believe that __________. With __________, we will __________. 3.2 写作示范 题目： Write a short passage about space exploration. Space exploration is important for many reasons. First, it helps us understand Earth better. By studying other planets, we learn more about our own planet. Second, space technology benefits people on Earth. Satellites help us with communication and weather forecasting. In the future, more exciting things will happen. A new space station will be built on the moon. More rockets will be launched to explore Mars. New technology will be developed to help astronauts travel further. I believe that space exploration will bring more surprises. With courage and cooperation, humans will go further into the universe. 范文解析： 被动语态：will be built, will be launched, will be developed 结构：总述原因 → 原因一 → 原因二 → 未来展望 → 总结 3.3 写作实战 写作提示： 1. 介绍太空探索的意义和未来展望 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子（含一般将来时） 1. 使用至少3个本单元太空主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 模块四 综合语法与考点整合（10分钟） 4.1 被动语态四种时态完整对比 对比维度 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 结构 am/is/are + done was/were + done will be + done 情态动词 + be + done 时间状语 every day, always yesterday, in 2000 tomorrow, next year 无特定时间 示例 Rice is grown here. Rice was grown here. Rice will be grown here. Rice must be grown here. 口诀记忆法： "被动语态四类型，be加done是核心； 现在am/is/are，过去was/were跟； 将来will be来帮助，情态动词加be done； 时间状语看清楚，时态选择不出错。" 4.2 易错点终极回顾 【例6-12 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) A new bridge will build next year. → ✗ 改正：A new bridge will be built next year. 解析：被动语态缺少be，will后应加be。 (2) The accident was happened yesterday. → ✗ 改正：The accident happened yesterday. 解析：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。 (3) The food is tasted delicious. → ✗ 改正：The food tastes delicious. 解析：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 (4) The work must finish today. → ✗ 改正：The work must be finished today. 解析：情态动词被动语态，must后加be。 (5) The bridge is built in 2000. → ✗ 改正：The bridge was built in 2000. 解析：in 2000提示一般过去时，应用was built。 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了一般将来时被动语态的结构和使用场景，并对比了三种时态被动语态的差异。 第2讲，你学会了情态动词的被动语态、双宾语的被动语态，以及被动语态的各种特殊情况。更重要的是，你学会了根据时间状语和语境选择正确的被动语态时态。 从"People speak English."到"English is spoken."再到"English will be spoken."——你不只是掌握了三种时态，而是建立了"视角转换+时间定位"的双重思维能力。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing → [B] 解析：情态动词被动：must be + 过去分词。 1. The sports meeting __________ last week. A. took place B. was taken place C. is taken place D. takes place → [A] 解析：take place无被动，last week提示过去时。 1. This kind of cake __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 1. A new hospital __________ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. builds D. built → [B] 解析：next year提示将来时，hospital是"被建造"。 1. The flowers need __________. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered → [C] 解析：need doing = need to be done，主动表被动。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ (finish) today. → be finished 1. The meeting will __________ (hold) next Monday. → be held 1. The flowers need __________ (water) every day. → watering 1. The soup __________ (taste) very good. → tastes 1. The sports meeting __________ (take place) last Friday. → took place 1. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river next year. → will be built 1. The problem can __________ (solve) easily. → be solved 1. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. → was broken 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries. → is spoken 1. The students will __________ (give) some advice by the teacher. → be given 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. We must finish the work today.（改为被动语态） → The work must be finished today. 1. You can solve this problem easily.（改为被动语态） → This problem can be solved easily. 1. Scientists will launch a new rocket next month.（改为被动语态） → A new rocket will be launched next month. 1. The teacher gave the students some advice.（改为两种被动语态） → 方式一：The students were given some advice. → 方式二：Some advice was given to the students. 1. The flowers need watering.（改为同义句） → The flowers need to be watered. 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Voyager 1 is a man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth. It was launched in 1977. A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. The record was designed to last for billions of years. The nearest star to our solar system is Proxima Centauri. It is 4.2 light years away. At present, even a journey to Mars takes around six to nine months. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to reach the nearest star with our current technology. But there is hope. With nations and scientists cooperating with one another, the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have set foot on the moon, successfully landed rovers on Mars, and even photographed other galaxies. Our dream of exploring the universe will continue. 1. When was Voyager 1 launched?（1分） → In 1977. 1. What is carried on board Voyager 1?（1分） → A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth. 1. How far is Proxima Centauri from Earth?（1分） → 4.2 light years away. 1. What gives us hope for future space travel?（1分） → Nations and scientists cooperating with one another. 1. 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少2句）。（1分） → ① It was launched in 1977. → ② A special record...is carried on board. → ③ The record was designed to last for billions of years. → ④ The necessary technology will be developed. 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解第1题（情态动词被动）、第2题（take place无被动）、第3题（感官动词主动表被动）、第5题（need doing主动表被动）。 课堂小结（5分钟） 全单元知识体系构建 Unit 6 Beyond Earth 完整知识地图 语法核心：被动语态综合 1. 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 1. 一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 1. 一般将来时被动：will be + 过去分词 1. 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 1. 特殊情况： 不及物动词无被动（happen, take place, come true） 感官动词主动表被动（taste, smell, sound, feel, look） need/require doing 主动表被动 词汇主题： explore / launch / mission / spacecraft / telescope / satellite / rocket / weightless 阅读技能： 科普文章结构——总-分-总/时间顺序/因果逻辑/问题-解决 写作技能： Write about space exploration——三段式（原因→展望→总结） 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing → [B] 解析：情态动词被动。 40. The meeting will __________ next Monday. A. take place B. be taken place C. took place D. takes place → [A] 解析：take place无被动。 41. This kind of soup __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 42. A new school __________ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. builds D. built → [B] 解析：next year提示将来时。 43. The flowers need __________ every day. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered → [C] 解析：need doing主动表被动。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ (finish) today. → be finished 1. The sports meeting __________ (take place) last week. → took place 1. The food __________ (taste) very good. → tastes 1. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river next year. → will be built 1. The problem can __________ (solve) easily. → be solved 1. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. → was broken 1. The flowers need __________ (water) every day. → watering 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries. → is spoken 1. The students will __________ (give) some advice. → be given 1. The meeting __________ (hold) next Monday. → will be held 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. We must finish the work today.（改为被动语态） → The work must be finished today. 1. You can solve this problem easily.（改为被动语态） → This problem can be solved easily. 1. Scientists will launch a new rocket next month.（改为被动语态） → A new rocket will be launched next month. 1. The teacher gave the students some advice.（改为两种被动语态） → The students were given some advice. / Some advice was given to the students. 1. The flowers need watering.（改为同义句） → The flowers need to be watered. 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） Space exploration is important for human beings. In the future, more space stations 1 (build) in space. New rockets 2 (develop) to carry astronauts further. More mysteries of the universe 3 (solve) by scientists. However, space exploration is not easy. Many difficulties must 4 (overcome). Astronauts have to be trained for years. They need to deal with weightlessness and loneliness. But with courage and cooperation, greater progress 5 (make). 1. A. will build B. will be built C. are built D. build → [B] 解析：in the future提示将来时，stations是"被建造"。 1. A. will develop B. will be developed C. develop D. developed → [B] 解析：rockets是"被研发"。 1. A. will solve B. will be solved C. solve D. solved → [B] 解析：mysteries是"被解答"。 1. A. be overcome B. overcome C. overcame D. overcoming → [A] 解析：情态动词被动：must be overcome。 1. A. will make B. will be made C. makes D. made → [B] 解析：progress是"被取得"。 五、书面表达（10分） 题目： Write a short passage about space exploration. 要求： 1. 介绍太空探索的意义和未来展望 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子（含一般将来时） 1. 使用至少3个本单元太空主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Space exploration is important for many reasons. First, it helps us understand Earth better. By studying other planets, we learn more about our own planet. Second, space technology benefits people on Earth. Satellites help us with communication and weather forecasting. In the future, more exciting things will happen. A new space station will be built on the moon. More rockets will be launched to explore Mars. New technology will be developed to help astronauts travel further. I believe that space exploration will bring more surprises. With courage and cooperation, humans will go further into the universe. 范文解析： 被动语态：will be built, will be launched, will be developed 词汇亮点：space exploration, satellites, astronauts, cooperation 结构：总述原因 → 原因一 → 原因二 → 未来展望 → 总结 🏆 进化终点检测（5分钟） 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容，掌握了被动语态的多种时态和特殊情况。 情境素材： 你的朋友想知道关于"未来太空探索"的信息。 你的任务： 1. 用一般将来时被动语态编一道题 1. 用情态动词被动语态编一道题 1. 写出一道关于"不及物动词无被动"或"感官动词主动表被动"的易错题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 教师示范： 题1（一般将来时被动）：A new space station __________ on the moon in the future. A. will build B. will be built C. is built D. builds 答案：B 解析：本题考查一般将来时被动语态。in the future提示将来时，space station是"被建造"，用will be built。 题2（情态动词被动）：The work must __________ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing 答案：B 解析：本题考查情态动词被动语态。must后加be，finish改为过去分词finished，结构为must be finished。 题3（易错题）：The sports meeting __________ last week. A. was taken place B. took place C. is taken place D. was happening 答案：B 解析：本题考查不及物动词无被动。take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。last week提示一般过去时，用主动语态took place。 六、回环挑战题（4道，每题5分，共20分） 回环挑战1： 判断下列句子中被动语态的用法是否正确。如果不正确，请改正，并说明理由。 (1) A new bridge will build next year. (2) The accident was happened yesterday. (3) The food tastes delicious. (4) The work must finish today. 回环挑战2： 根据中文提示完成句子，注意被动语态的时态和结构。 (1) 一座新空间站将在月球上被建造。 A new space station __________ __________ on the moon. (2) 这项工作必须在周五之前完成。 The work __________ __________ __________ before Friday. (3) 这座桥是2020年建造的。 The bridge __________ __________ in 2020. 回环挑战3： 综合运用。阅读下面短文，用所给词的正确形式填空。 Space exploration (1) __________ (consider) very important today. In the past, only a few countries (2) __________ (have) space programs. But now, more and more countries (3) __________ (join) space exploration. In the future, more space stations (4) __________ (build). New technology (5) __________ (develop) to help us explore further. 回环挑战4（本单元内部融合）： 将下列主动句改为被动语态，并说明时态选择的理由。 (1) People grow rice in China. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (2) The workers built the bridge in 2020. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (3) Scientists will launch a new rocket next year. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (4) We must finish the work today. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 回环挑战1： (1) 不正确。应改为will be built。理由：被动语态缺少be。 (2) 不正确。应改为happened。理由：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。 (3) 正确。理由：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 (4) 不正确。应改为must be finished。理由：情态动词被动，must后加be。 回环挑战2： (1) will be built (2) must be finished (3) was built 回环挑战3： (1) is considered (2) had (3) are joining (4) will be built (5) will be developed 回环挑战4： (1) Rice is grown in China. 理由：一般现在时，客观事实。 (2) The bridge was built in 2020. 理由：in 2020提示一般过去时。 (3) A new rocket will be launched next year. 理由：next year提示一般将来时。 (4) The work must be finished today. 理由：情态动词被动，must be finished。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 What Does It Take to Explore Space（探索太空需要什么） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 课前测 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. A new space station __________ (build) next year. 1. The telephone __________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries around the world. 1. More trees __________ (plant) every spring. 1. The bridge __________ (build) in 2020. 课堂授课 模块一 核心语法：被动语态综合进阶 1.1 情态动词的被动语态 结构公式： 情态动词 + __________ + 过去分词 情态动词 主动语态 被动语态 can can do __________ must must do __________ should should do __________ may may do __________ have to have to do __________ 【例6-8 情态动词被动】将下列句子改为被动语态。 (1) We must finish the work today. → _________________________________________________________ (2) You can solve this problem easily. → _________________________________________________________ (3) We should protect the environment. → _________________________________________________________ 1.2 含有双宾语的被动语态 有些动词可以带两个宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），变为被动语态时有两种方式： 方式 示例 方式一：__________变主语 I gave him a book. → He was given a book. 方式二：__________变主语 I gave him a book. → A book was given to him. 【例6-9 双宾语被动】将下列句子改为两种被动语态。 (1) The teacher will give the students some advice. → 方式一：_________________________________________________________ → 方式二：_________________________________________________________ (2) They sent the astronauts a message. → 方式一：_________________________________________________________ → 方式二：_________________________________________________________ 1.3 被动语态中的特殊情况（复习+拓展） （1）不及物动词无被动 常见不及物动词 正确用法（主动） 错误用法（被动） happen The accident __________ yesterday. ✗ was happened take place The meeting will __________ next week. ✗ will be taken place come true My dream will __________. ✗ will be come true appear A star __________ in the sky. ✗ was appeared belong to This book __________ to me. ✗ is belonged to （2）感官动词主动表被动 动词 正确用法 含义 taste The food __________ good. 尝起来 smell The flower __________ sweet. 闻起来 sound The music __________ beautiful. 听起来 feel The cloth __________ soft. 摸起来 look The dress __________ nice. 看起来 （3）need/require doing 主动表被动 The flowers need watering.（= The flowers need __________.） The machine requires repairing.（= The machine requires __________.） 【例6-10 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) The sports meeting __________ next week. A. will take place B. will be taken place C. takes place D. is taken place (2) The soup __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted (3) The work must __________ today. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing (4) The flowers need __________. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered 1.4 三种时态被动语态综合训练 【例6-11 综合实战】根据时间状语选择合适的被动语态时态。 (1) The bridge __________ (build) in 2000. (2) The bridge __________ (build) every year. (3) The bridge __________ (build) next year. (4) The bridge __________ (must / build) before winter. (5) The bridge __________ (build) by workers now.（拓展） 模块二 阅读技能：科普文章的结构分析 2.1 阅读策略：科普文章结构定位法 四大结构类型： 结构类型 特点 信号词 适用文体 __________ 开头引出主题，中间分点论述，结尾总结 first, second, finally, in conclusion 议论文、说明文 __________ 按时间先后叙述事件发展 in 1876, then, later, after that, finally 历史介绍、发明过程 __________ 先说明原因/背景，再说明结果/影响 because, so, as a result, lead to 科普说明文 __________ 先提出问题，再给出解决方案 problem, difficulty, solution, way to 议论文、建议类 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿： Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Today, we have the technology to explore space. But what does it take to explore space? First, we need advanced technology. Rockets must be developed to carry spacecraft into space. Satellites need to be positioned to help with communication. Spacecraft have to be designed to survive the harsh conditions of space. Second, we need courage and teamwork. Astronauts must be trained for years before they can go to space. They have to deal with weightlessness, loneliness, and danger. On the ground, thousands of scientists and engineers work together to make every mission successful. Third, we need international cooperation. Space exploration is too big for any single country. When nations cooperate with one another, greater progress can be made. The International Space Station is a great example of what can be achieved through cooperation. In the future, more challenges will be faced. But with technology, courage, and cooperation, humans will continue to explore the universe. 【阅读任务】 (1) What three things do we need to explore space according to the passage?（2分） (2) Why do astronauts need to be trained for years?（1分） (3) What is a good example of international cooperation in space?（1分） (4) 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少3句）。（2分） ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ ③ _________________________________________________________ (5) 用一句话概括本文主旨。（2分） 模块三 写作：Write about Space Exploration 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1：开头（引出话题） 句型模板： Space exploration is important because __________. In the future, more __________ will be __________. Paragraph 2：主体（探索原因+未来计划） 内容 句型选择 示例 原因一 First, ...helps us... Space exploration helps us understand Earth. 原因二 Second, ...benefits... Space technology benefits people on Earth. 未来计划 ...will be done... A new space station will be built. Paragraph 3：结尾（总结与展望） 句型模板： I believe that __________. With __________, we will __________. 3.2 写作示范 题目： Write a short passage about space exploration. Space exploration is important for many reasons. First, it helps us understand Earth better. By studying other planets, we learn more about our own planet. Second, space technology benefits people on Earth. Satellites help us with communication and weather forecasting. In the future, more exciting things will happen. A new space station will be built on the moon. More rockets will be launched to explore Mars. New technology will be developed to help astronauts travel further. I believe that space exploration will bring more surprises. With courage and cooperation, humans will go further into the universe. 范文解析： 被动语态：will be built, will be launched, will be developed 结构：总述原因 → 原因一 → 原因二 → 未来展望 → 总结 3.3 写作实战 写作提示： 1. 介绍太空探索的意义和未来展望 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子（含一般将来时） 1. 使用至少3个本单元太空主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 你的作文： 模块四 综合语法与考点整合 4.1 被动语态四种时态完整对比 对比维度 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 结构 __________ + done __________ + done __________ + done 情态动词 + be + done 时间状语 every day, always yesterday, in 2000 tomorrow, next year 无特定时间 示例 Rice is grown here. Rice was grown here. Rice __________ grown here. Rice must be grown here. 口诀记忆法： "被动语态四类型，be加done是核心； 现在__________//，过去__________/跟； 将来__________来帮助，情态动词加； 时间状语看清楚，时态选择不出错。" 4.2 易错点终极回顾 【例6-12 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) A new bridge will build next year. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (2) The accident was happened yesterday. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (3) The food is tasted delicious. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (4) The work must finish today. 改正：_________________________________________________________ (5) The bridge is built in 2000. 改正：_________________________________________________________ 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了一般将来时被动语态的结构和使用场景，并对比了三种时态被动语态的差异。 第2讲，你学会了情态动词的被动语态、双宾语的被动语态，以及被动语态的各种特殊情况。更重要的是，你学会了根据时间状语和语境选择正确的被动语态时态。 从"People speak English."到"English is spoken."再到"English will be spoken."——你不只是掌握了三种时态，而是建立了"视角转换+时间定位"的双重思维能力。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing 1. The sports meeting __________ last week. A. took place B. was taken place C. is taken place D. takes place 1. This kind of cake __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted 1. A new hospital __________ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. builds D. built 1. The flowers need __________. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ (finish) today. 1. The meeting will __________ (hold) next Monday. 1. The flowers need __________ (water) every day. 1. The soup __________ (taste) very good. 1. The sports meeting __________ (take place) last Friday. 1. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river next year. 1. The problem can __________ (solve) easily. 1. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries. 1. The students will __________ (give) some advice by the teacher. 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. We must finish the work today.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. You can solve this problem easily.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. Scientists will launch a new rocket next month.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The teacher gave the students some advice.（改为两种被动语态） → 方式一：_________________________________________________________ → 方式二：_________________________________________________________ 1. The flowers need watering.（改为同义句） → _________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Voyager 1 is a man-made object which has travelled furthest from Earth. It was launched in 1977. A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. The record was designed to last for billions of years. The nearest star to our solar system is Proxima Centauri. It is 4.2 light years away. At present, even a journey to Mars takes around six to nine months. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to reach the nearest star with our current technology. But there is hope. With nations and scientists cooperating with one another, the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have set foot on the moon, successfully landed rovers on Mars, and even photographed other galaxies. Our dream of exploring the universe will continue. 1. When was Voyager 1 launched?（1分） 30. What is carried on board Voyager 1?（1分） 31. How far is Proxima Centauri from Earth?（1分） 32. What gives us hope for future space travel?（1分） 33. 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少2句）。（1分） ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ 课堂小结：全单元知识体系 Unit 6 Beyond Earth 完整知识地图 语法核心：被动语态综合 1. 一般现在时被动：__________ + 过去分词 1. 一般过去时被动：__________ + 过去分词 1. 一般将来时被动：__________ + 过去分词 1. 情态动词被动：__________ + be + 过去分词 1. 特殊情况： 不及物动词无被动（happen, take place, come true） 感官动词主动表被动（taste, smell, sound, feel, look） need/require doing 主动表被动 词汇主题： explore / launch / mission / spacecraft / telescope / satellite / rocket / weightless 阅读技能： 科普文章结构——总-分-总/时间顺序/因果逻辑/问题-解决 写作技能： Write about space exploration——三段式（原因→展望→总结） 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. finishing 1. The meeting will __________ next Monday. A. take place B. be taken place C. took place D. takes place 1. This kind of soup __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted 1. A new school __________ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. builds D. built 1. The flowers need __________ every day. A. water B. to water C. watering D. watered 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The work must __________ (finish) today. 1. The sports meeting __________ (take place) last week. 1. The food __________ (taste) very good. 1. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river next year. 1. The problem can __________ (solve) easily. 1. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. 1. The flowers need __________ (water) every day. 1. English __________ (speak) in many countries. 1. The students will __________ (give) some advice. 1. The meeting __________ (hold) next Monday. 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. We must finish the work today.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. You can solve this problem easily.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. Scientists will launch a new rocket next month.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The teacher gave the students some advice.（改为两种被动语态） → 方式一：_________________________________________________________ → 方式二：_________________________________________________________ 1. The flowers need watering.（改为同义句） → _________________________________________________________ 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） Space exploration is important for human beings. In the future, more space stations 1 (build) in space. New rockets 2 (develop) to carry astronauts further. More mysteries of the universe 3 (solve) by scientists. However, space exploration is not easy. Many difficulties must 4 (overcome). Astronauts have to be trained for years. They need to deal with weightlessness and loneliness. But with courage and cooperation, greater progress 5 (make). 1. A. will build B. will be built C. are built D. build 1. A. will develop B. will be developed C. develop D. developed 1. A. will solve B. will be solved C. solve D. solved 1. A. be overcome B. overcome C. overcame D. overcoming 1. A. will make B. will be made C. makes D. made 五、书面表达（10分） 题目： Write a short passage about space exploration. 要求： 1. 介绍太空探索的意义和未来展望 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子（含一般将来时） 1. 使用至少3个本单元太空主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Space exploration is important for many reasons. First, it helps us understand Earth better. By studying other planets, we learn more about our own planet. Second, space technology benefits people on Earth. Satellites help us with communication and weather forecasting. In the future, more exciting things will happen. A new space station will be built on the moon. More rockets will be launched to explore Mars. New technology will be developed to help astronauts travel further. I believe that space exploration will bring more surprises. With courage and cooperation, humans will go further into the universe. 你的作文： 🏆 进化终点检测 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容，掌握了被动语态的多种时态和特殊情况。 情境素材： 你的朋友想知道关于"未来太空探索"的信息。 你的任务： 1. 用一般将来时被动语态编一道题 1. 用情态动词被动语态编一道题 1. 写出一道关于"不及物动词无被动"或"感官动词主动表被动"的易错题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 你的命题： 题1（一般将来时被动）：____________________________________________________ 题2（情态动词被动）：______________________________________________________ 题3（易错题）：____________________________________________________________ 解析：_________________________________________________________ 六、回环挑战题（4道，每题5分，共20分） 回环挑战1： 判断下列句子中被动语态的用法是否正确。如果不正确，请改正，并说明理由。 (1) A new bridge will build next year. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (2) The accident was happened yesterday. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (3) The food tastes delicious. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ (4) The work must finish today. 判断：__________ 改正（如需）：__________ 理由：____________________ 回环挑战2： 根据中文提示完成句子，注意被动语态的时态和结构。 (1) 一座新空间站将在月球上被建造。 A new space station __________ __________ on the moon. (2) 这项工作必须在周五之前完成。 The work __________ __________ __________ before Friday. (3) 这座桥是2020年建造的。 The bridge __________ __________ in 2020. 回环挑战3： 综合运用。阅读下面短文，用所给词的正确形式填空。 Space exploration (1) __________ (consider) very important today. In the past, only a few countries (2) __________ (have) space programs. But now, more and more countries (3) __________ (join) space exploration. In the future, more space stations (4) __________ (build). New technology (5) __________ (develop) to help us explore further. 回环挑战4（本单元内部融合）： 将下列主动句改为被动语态，并说明时态选择的理由。 (1) People grow rice in China. → _________________________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (2) The workers built the bridge in 2020. → _________________________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (3) Scientists will launch a new rocket next year. → _________________________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (4) We must finish the work today. → _________________________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $