周周有招同步提高班Unit5 讲义第一讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦被动语态（一般现在时）核心语法，通过课前测诊断基础，课堂模块从概念引入（主动被动对比）到结构公式（am/is/are+过去分词）、三步法转换（宾变主-谓变被-主变宾）及使用场景，结合发明创造类词汇与交际句型，构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 该资料以“改变世界的想法”为主题，语法教学逻辑链（概念-结构-转换-易错点）培养思维品质，通过电话、纸张等发明案例整合词汇与句型提升语言能力，设“认知冲突埋设”引发思考，分层练习与知识地图助力课后查漏补缺，课中高效授课，课后巩固学习能力。

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 教师版讲义 第1讲· 新教材同步 · 周周有招-中考提分专用 Big Question: What do creative ideas bring about? 核心语法：被动语态（一般现在时和一般过去时） 配套拓展：发明创造类词汇 · 发明过程表达 · 说明文写作 —— 2026秋新版人教版九年级英语上册 · 教师版讲义 —— 第1讲 Ideas That Changed the World（改变世界的想法） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：语法建构 + 词汇奠基 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 旧知激活 · 一般过去时回顾 + 发明创造主题热身 讲题 5分钟 课前测逐题精讲 课堂授课 80分钟 核心语法建构（被动语态：概念+一般现在时被动）+ 发明创造词汇 课堂练习 15分钟 限时训练 · 新语境检测 讲解 5分钟 练习精讲 · 规律提炼 课堂小结 5分钟 知识网络构建 · 课后任务布置 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 设计意图： 激活学生关于"发明创造"话题的动词和时态储备，回顾主动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时，为本讲被动语态的学习搭建认知桥梁。 一、单项选择（每题2分，共6分） 1. The telephone __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. invents → [C] 解析：本题考查被动语态概念。电话是"被发明"的，且1876年是过去时间，用一般过去时被动语态was invented。A项invented是主动语态过去式，B项is invented是一般现在时被动，D项invents是主动语态三单。 1. English __________ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken → [B] 解析：本题考查一般现在时被动语态。英语是"被说"的，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动is spoken。A项speaks是主动语态，C项spoke是过去式，D项was spoken是过去时被动。 1. Many new buildings __________ in our city every year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built → [B] 解析：句意"每年许多新建筑在我们城市被建造"。every year提示一般现在时，主语buildings是复数，用are built。 二、句型转换（每题2分，共4分） 1. People speak Chinese in China.（改为被动语态） Chinese __________ __________ in China. → [is / spoken] 解析：主动语态变被动语态：宾语Chinese变主语，谓语改为be+过去分词，主语people省略。一般现在时，Chinese为三单，用is spoken。 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动语态） The telephone __________ __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. → [was / invented] 解析：主动语态变被动语态：宾语the telephone变主语，谓语invented改为was invented，主语Alexander Bell放在by后面。 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注： 逐题带领学生回顾：主动语态与被动语态的基本概念——主动语态中主语是动作执行者，被动语态中主语是动作承受者。第1题和第5题形成呼应，让学生初步感知"主动→被动"的转换逻辑。第2题提示一般现在时被动语态的用法（客观事实/经常性动作）。 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 核心语法：被动语态（上）—— 概念建构 + 一般现在时被动（40分钟） 1.1 概念引入：为什么要用被动语态？ 认知重构策略： 先让学生感受"主动"和"被动"两种视角的差异，建立"什么时候用被动"的认知动机。 板书呈现对比句组： 主动语态（强调执行者） 被动语态（强调承受者/动作本身） People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world. The workers build the bridge every year. The bridge is built every year. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. The telephone was invented by Bell. 教师话术： "同学们看左边，主语是动作的执行者——'人们说英语''工人们建桥'。右边呢？主语变成了动作的承受者——'英语被说''桥被建'。为什么要用被动？有三种情况：一是不知道执行者是谁，二是执行者不重要，三是想突出承受者。这就是被动语态的使用场景。" 结论提炼（板书加粗）： 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。 结构：be + 过去分词（done） by + 执行者（可选，可省略） 时态由be动词体现 1.2 一般现在时的被动语态 结构公式： 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + (by...) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken all over the world. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The machine is not used every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? Is the car made in China? 常见使用场景： 场景 说明 示例 客观事实 普遍真理、科学事实 Rice is grown in the south. 日常习惯 经常性、习惯性动作 The classroom is cleaned every day. 制造产地 产品在哪里制造 These phones are made in China. 被动感受 感官动词主动表被动 The food tastes delicious.（主动表被动） 【例5-1 基础建构】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) People grow tea in many parts of China. → Tea is grown in many parts of China. 解析：宾语Tea变主语，谓语grow改为is grown（一般现在时被动），主语People省略（不重要）。 (2) The factory produces thousands of cars every year. → Thousands of cars are produced by the factory every year. 解析：宾语Thousands of cars变主语，谓语produce改为are produced（复数主语）。工厂保留用by引出。 (3) Do they use this machine every day? → Is this machine used every day? 解析：一般疑问句的主动变被动：宾语this machine变主语，助动词Do改为Is，use改为used。 【例5-2 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) These books __________ in the library. A. keep B. are kept C. kept D. is kept → [B] 解析：句意"这些书被保存在图书馆"。books为复数，一般现在时被动用are kept。D项is kept主谓不一致。 (2) English __________ in Canada. A. speaks B. is spoke C. is spoken D. spoke → [C] 解析：句意"在加拿大英语被说"。English为单数，一般现在时被动用is spoken。B项is spoke过去分词形式错误。 (3) The windows __________ every week. A. clean B. are cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaned → [B] 解析：句意"窗户每周被擦洗"。windows为复数，用are cleaned。 (4) Where __________ these products __________? A. are; made B. do; made C. is; made D. are; make → [A] 解析：特殊疑问句的被动语态：疑问词+are+主语+过去分词？products为复数，用are made。 1.3 主动语态变被动语态三步法（核心考点） 板书呈现三步法： 第一步：宾变主——将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 第二步：谓变被——谓语改为"be + 过去分词"，be的时态与原句一致，数与新主语一致 第三步：主变宾——将主动句的主语放在by后面（如不需要可省略） 【例5-3 三步法专项】按步骤完成转换。 (1)主动句：The workers build the bridge every year. → 第一步（宾变主）：The bridge → 第二步（谓变被）：is built → 第三步（主变宾）：by the workers → 完整被动句：The bridge is built by the workers every year. (2)主动句：My mother waters the flowers every day. → 第一步（宾变主）：The flowers → 第二步（谓变被）：are watered → 第三步（主变宾）：by my mother → 完整被动句：The flowers are watered by my mother every day. 【例5-4 连词成句】将下列词语连成完整的被动句。 (1) these / make / in China / cars → These cars are made in China. 解析：主语These cars + are made + in China。by省略（产地不需要执行者）。 (2) rice / grow / in the south / every year → Rice is grown in the south every year. 解析：主语Rice + is grown + in the south。 (3) the classroom / clean / the students / every day → The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 解析：主语The classroom + is cleaned + by the students。 1.4 被动语态使用场景（什么时候用被动） 三大场景： 场景 说明 示例 场景一：不知道执行者 不知道动作是谁做的 My bike was stolen last night. 场景二：执行者不重要 关注动作本身而非谁做的 Paper is made from wood. 场景三：突出承受者 想强调接受动作的人/物 The plan was accepted by everyone. 易错警示（高频考点）： 易错点1：be动词的数和时态要与主语一致 ✗ The books is kept in the library. ✓ The books are kept in the library. 解析：主语books是复数，be动词用are。 易错点2：过去分词的形式要正确 ✗ English is speak all over the world. ✓ English is spoken all over the world. 解析：speak的过去分词是spoken，不是speak。 易错点3：不及物动词没有被动语态 ✗ The accident was happened yesterday. ✓ The accident happened yesterday. 解析：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。类似的还有：take place, come true, appear等。 易错点4：感官动词用主动表被动 ✗ The food is tasted delicious. ✓ The food tastes delicious. 解析：taste, smell, sound, feel, look等感官动词用主动形式表示被动含义。 模块二 词汇主题：发明创造类词汇（20分钟） 2.1 核心词汇表 教材关联： 本单元词汇主题是发明创造类词汇，这些词汇将贯穿整个单元的学习。 词汇 词性 含义 搭配/用法 invention n. 发明；创造 a great invention; the invention of invent v. 发明 invent a new machine; be invented by inventor n. 发明家 a famous inventor create v. 创造 create sth. new; be created by creative adj. 有创造力的 a creative idea; creative thinking produce v. 生产；制造 produce goods; be produced in product n. 产品 a new product; local products design v./n. 设计 be designed for; design a machine material n. 材料 different materials; building materials experiment n. 实验 do an experiment; in the experiment spread v. 传播；展开 spread to; spread around the world shape v./n. 塑造；形状 shape the world; in the shape of 【例5-5 词汇运用】根据句意和首字母提示填空。 (1) The telephone was a great i__________ in history. → invention 解析：句意"电话是历史上一个伟大的______"。invention意为"发明"。 (2) Thomas Edison was a famous i__________. → inventor 解析：句意"托马斯·爱迪生是一位著名的______"。inventor意为"发明家"。 (3) This factory p__________ thousands of cars every year. → produces 解析：句意"这家工厂每年______数千辆汽车"。produce意为"生产"，主语为三单用produces。 (4) Paper is made from natural m__________ like wood. → materials 解析：句意"纸是由像木头这样的天然______制成的"。materials意为"材料"。 (5) The news s__________ quickly across the country. → spread 解析：句意"消息很快______全国"。spread意为"传播"，过去式不变。 2.2 发明主题短语 短语 含义 例句 be made of 由……制成（可见原材料） The desk is made of wood. be made from 由……制成（不可见原材料） Paper is made from wood. be made in 在某地制造 These toys are made in China. be used for 被用于…… Paper is used for writing. be known as 被称为…… He is known as a great inventor. come up with 想出（主意） He came up with a great idea. all over the world 全世界 English is spoken all over the world. hundreds of 许多；数以百计 Hundreds of inventions change our life. 【例5-6 短语运用】用所给短语的适当形式填空。 (be made of, be made from, be made in, be used for, come up with) (1) The chair __________ wood. → is made of 解析：可见原材料（木头），用be made of。 (2) Wine __________ grapes. → is made from 解析：不可见原材料（葡萄→酒），用be made from。 (3) These phones __________ China. → are made in 解析：产地，用be made in。 (4) A knife __________ cutting things. → is used for 解析：用途，用be used for。 (5) He __________ a creative plan to solve the problem. → came up with 解析：句意"他想出了一个有创意的方案"。come up with意为"想出"。 模块三 交际句型：谈论发明与创造（10分钟） 教师朗读稿（替代听力材料）： Teacher: Good morning, class. Today we are going to talk about great inventions. Can you name some important inventions? Tom: The telephone! It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. It changed the way people communicate. Lucy: I think paper is also a great invention. It is used for writing and printing. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Teacher: Good points! Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China. Do you know how paper is made? Tom: I think it is made from wood. But I'm not sure about the process. Lucy: I read that the materials are mixed with water, then pressed and dried. The whole process is quite amazing. Teacher: Exactly! Creative ideas like these have shaped our world. What other inventions can you think of? Tom: The wheel! It is considered one of the most important inventions in history. 【例5-7 听力/阅读检测】 (1) When was the telephone invented? → In 1876. 解析：原文"The telephone! It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876." (2) Who invented paper? → Cai Lun. 解析：原文"Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China." (3) What is paper made from according to Tom? → Wood. 解析：原文"I think it is made from wood." (4) 找出对话中含被动语态的句子（至少3句）。 → ① It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. → ② Paper is used for writing and printing. → ③ Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China. → ④ It is made from wood. 模块四 写作铺垫：描述发明的句型工具箱（5分钟） 4.1 核心句型归纳 功能 句型 示例 介绍发明时间/者 It was invented by... in... It was invented by Bell in 1876. 介绍用途 It is used for... It is used for communication. 介绍材料 It is made of/from... It is made from wood. 介绍产地 It is made in... It is made in China. 介绍影响 It changed... / It is considered... It changed the way people live. 【写作示范】 The telephone is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people could only send letters. The telephone changed the way people communicate. Today, telephones are used all over the world. They are made in many different countries. I think the telephone is a wonderful invention because it connects people everywhere. 范文解析： 被动语态：was invented, was invented, are used, are made 结构：总述 → 发明背景 → 影响 → 现状 → 个人感受 🤔 认知冲突埋设 观察下面两个句子，它们都是被动语态，但be动词的时态一样吗？ 句A：English is spoken all over the world. 句B：The telephone was invented in 1876. 句A中，is spoken是一般现在时被动——描述的是现在的客观事实（英语现在被广泛使用）。 句B中，was invented是一般过去时被动——描述的是过去的事件（电话在过去被发明）。 被动语态的时态由什么决定？如何正确选择be动词的时态？如果动作发生在过去但结果影响现在，该用什么时态？我们将在第2讲揭晓答案。 备课批注： 这个"认知冲突"段落的目的是在第1讲结束前为学生埋下一颗"困惑的种子"。学生已经学了两种时态的被动语态，但需要理解时态选择与时间状语的关系。第2讲学到一般过去时被动时，学生会有"原来如此"的顿悟感。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. These machines __________ in China. A. are made B. is made C. made D. make → [A] 解析：句意"这些机器在中国制造"。machines为复数，一般现在时被动用are made。 1. English __________ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken → [B] 解析：句意"英语在全世界许多国家被说"。客观事实，一般现在时被动，English为单数用is spoken。 1. The classroom __________ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning → [B] 解析：句意"教室每天由学生打扫"。every day提示一般现在时，classroom为单数，用is cleaned。 1. —Where __________ tea __________? —In China and India. A. does; grow B. is; grown C. do; grow D. is; growing → [B] 解析：句意"茶叶在哪里被种植？" 被动语态的一般疑问句：Is + 主语 + 过去分词？tea为单数，用is grown。 1. __________ this kind of car __________ in Japan? A. Does; make B. Is; made C. Do; make D. Is; making → [B] 解析：句意"这种车在日本制造吗？" 被动语态一般疑问句，this kind of car为单数，用Is...made。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. These books __________ (keep) in the library. → are kept 解析：books为复数，一般现在时被动。 1. Rice __________ (grow) in many parts of China. → is grown 解析：Rice为单数，一般现在时被动。 1. The windows __________ (clean) every week. → are cleaned 解析：windows为复数，一般现在时被动。 1. Tea __________ (produce) in Fujian and Zhejiang. → is produced 解析：Tea为单数，一般现在时被动。 1. The machines __________ (make) in this factory. → are made 解析：machines为复数，一般现在时被动。 1. The classroom __________ (not clean) every day. → is not cleaned 解析：否定形式，classroom为单数。 1. __________ the letter __________ (send) every week? → Is; sent 解析：一般疑问句，letter为单数。 1. These songs __________ (sing) by children all over the world. → are sung 解析：songs为复数，一般现在时被动。 1. The bridge __________ (not build) every year. → is not built 解析：否定形式，bridge为单数。 1. Where __________ these products __________ (make)? → are; made 解析：特殊疑问句，products为复数。 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People speak English in Australia.（改为被动语态） → English is spoken in Australia. 1. The workers build the bridge every year.（改为被动语态） → The bridge is built by the workers every year. 1. Do they use this machine every day?（改为被动语态） → Is this machine used every day? 1. The students clean the classroom after school.（改为被动语态） → The classroom is cleaned by the students after school. 1. They don't grow rice in cold areas.（改为被动语态） → Rice is not grown in cold areas. 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Do you know how paper is made? Paper is an important invention that changed the world. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo, silk, or animal skins. These materials were expensive and difficult to use. In ancient China, a man named Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper. He mixed tree bark, old cloth, and other materials with water. Then the mixture was pressed and dried in the sun. The paper was soft, light, and cheap. Today, paper is made from wood. It is used for writing, printing, and packaging. Tons of paper are produced every day all over the world. Paper is also recycled and used again. 1. What did people use for writing before paper was invented?（1分） → Bamboo, silk, or animal skins. 1. Who invented paper?（1分） → Cai Lun. 1. What materials did Cai Lun use to make paper?（1分） → Tree bark, old cloth, and other materials. 1. What is paper used for today?（1分） → Writing, printing, and packaging. 1. 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少2句）。（1分） → ① Paper is an important invention that changed the world. → ② Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo... → ③ The paper was pressed and dried in the sun. → ④ Today, paper is made from wood. 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解第4题（被动语态一般疑问句）、第5题（主语单数判断）。答题技巧总结：被动语态三步法——宾变主、谓变被、主变宾。 课堂小结（5分钟） 知识网络构建 第1讲知识地图：Ideas That Changed the World 1. 被动语态（核心语法） 1.1 概念：主语是动作的承受者 1.2 结构：be + 过去分词 1.3 一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 1.4 三步法：宾变主 → 谓变被 → 主变宾 1.5 使用场景：不知道执行者/执行者不重要/突出承受者 2. 词汇主题： invention / invent / inventor / create / produce / product / design 3. 交际句型： It was invented by... / It is used for... / It is made of... 4. 写作句型： 描述发明的时间、用途、材料、影响 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The desk __________ wood. A. is made of B. is made from C. made of D. is made in → [A] 解析：可见原材料（木头→桌子），用be made of。 1. English __________ in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken → [B] 解析：客观事实，一般现在时被动，English为单数用is spoken。 1. These toys __________ in China. A. are made B. is made C. made D. make → [A] 解析：toys为复数，用are made。 1. —Where __________ coffee __________? —In Brazil and Vietnam. A. does; grow B. is; grown C. do; grow D. is; growing → [B] 解析：被动语态一般疑问句，coffee为单数用is grown。 1. The flowers __________ every day. A. water B. are watered C. is watered D. watered → [B] 解析：flowers为复数，every day提示一般现在时被动。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The bridge __________ (build) every year. → is built 1. Tea __________ (drink) by people all over the world. → is drunk 1. These songs __________ (sing) by children. → are sung 1. The car __________ (make) in Germany. → is made 1. The letters __________ (send) every morning. → are sent 1. The room __________ (not clean) every day. → is not cleaned 1. __________ the food __________ (cook) by your mother? → Is; cooked 1. These books __________ (keep) in the library. → are kept 1. Where __________ these products __________ (sell)? → are; sold 1. English __________ (teach) in most schools. → is taught 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People plant trees every spring.（改为被动语态） → Trees are planted every spring. 1. The farmer grows rice in the fields.（改为被动语态） → Rice is grown in the fields. 1. Do they sell newspapers in this shop?（改为被动语态） → Are newspapers sold in this shop? 1. The workers build many houses every year.（改为被动语态） → Many houses are built by the workers every year. 1. They don't use this room often.（改为被动语态） → This room is not used often. 四、短文填空（每题2分，共10分） Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world. It 1 (drink) by millions of people every day. Tea 2 (grow) mainly in China, India, and Japan. The tea plants 3 (pick) by hand, and then the leaves 4 (dry) in the sun. After that, the tea 5 (pack) and sent to different countries. 1. A. drinks B. is drunk C. drank D. is drinking → [B] 解析：Tea为单数，一般现在时被动。 1. A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. is growing → [B] 解析：Tea为单数，一般现在时被动。 1. A. pick B. are picked C. picked D. is picked → [B] 解析：plants为复数，用are picked。 1. A. dry B. are dried C. dried D. is dried → [B] 解析：leaves为复数，用are dried。 1. A. packs B. is packed C. packed D. is packing → [B] 解析：tea为单数，用is packed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas 学生版讲义 第1讲 Big Question: What do creative ideas bring about? 核心语法：被动语态（一般现在时和一般过去时） 第1讲 Ideas That Changed the World（改变世界的想法） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：语法建构 + 词汇奠基 课前测 一、单项选择（每题2分，共6分） 1. The telephone __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. invents 1. English __________ all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 1. Many new buildings __________ in our city every year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built 二、句型转换（每题2分，共4分） 1. People speak Chinese in China.（改为被动语态） Chinese __________ __________ in China. 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动语态） The telephone __________ __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 课堂授课 模块一 核心语法：被动语态（上）—— 概念建构 + 一般现在时被动 1.1 概念引入：为什么要用被动语态？ 观察下面的句子，左边和右边有什么不同？ 主动语态（强调执行者） 被动语态（强调承受者/动作本身） People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world. The workers build the bridge every year. The bridge is built every year. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. The telephone was invented by Bell. 结论： 被动语态：表示主语是动作的__________，而不是__________。 结构：__________ + 过去分词（done） by + 执行者（可选，可省略） 时态由__________体现 1.2 一般现在时的被动语态 结构公式： 主语 + __________ + 过去分词 + (by...) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken all over the world. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The machine is not used every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词? Is the car made in China? 常见使用场景： 场景 说明 示例 __________ 普遍真理、科学事实 Rice is grown in the south. __________ 经常性、习惯性动作 The classroom is cleaned every day. __________ 产品在哪里制造 These phones are made in China. 被动感受 感官动词主动表被动 The food tastes delicious. 【例5-1 基础建构】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) People grow tea in many parts of China. → _________________________________________________________ (2) The factory produces thousands of cars every year. → _________________________________________________________ (3) Do they use this machine every day? → _________________________________________________________ 【例5-2 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) These books __________ in the library. A. keep B. are kept C. kept D. is kept (2) English __________ in Canada. A. speaks B. is spoke C. is spoken D. spoke (3) The windows __________ every week. A. clean B. are cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaned (4) Where __________ these products __________? A. are; made B. do; made C. is; made D. are; make 1.3 主动语态变被动语态三步法（核心考点） 三步法： 第一步：——将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 第二步：——谓语改为"be + 过去分词"，be的时态与原句一致，数与新主语一致 第三步：__________——将主动句的主语放在by后面（如不需要可省略） 【例5-3 三步法专项】按步骤完成转换。 (1) 主动句：The workers build the bridge every year. → 第一步（宾变主）：__________ → 第二步（谓变被）：__________ → 第三步（主变宾）：__________ → 完整被动句：_________________________________________________________ (2) 主动句：My mother waters the flowers every day. → 第一步（宾变主）：__________ → 第二步（谓变被）：__________ → 第三步（主变宾）：__________ → 完整被动句：_________________________________________________________ 【例5-4 连词成句】将下列词语连成完整的被动句。 (1) these / make / in China / cars → _________________________________________________________ (2) rice / grow / in the south / every year → _________________________________________________________ (3) the classroom / clean / the students / every day → _________________________________________________________ 1.4 被动语态使用场景（什么时候用被动） 三大场景： 场景 说明 示例 场景一：__________ 不知道动作是谁做的 My bike was stolen last night. 场景二：__________ 关注动作本身而非谁做的 Paper is made from wood. 场景三：__________ 想强调接受动作的人/物 The plan was accepted by everyone. 易错警示（高频考点）： 易错点1： be动词的数和时态要与主语一致 ✗ The books is kept in the library. ✓ The books __________ kept in the library. 易错点2： 过去分词的形式要正确 ✗ English is speak all over the world. ✓ English is __________ all over the world. 易错点3： 不及物动词没有被动语态 ✗ The accident was happened yesterday. ✓ The accident __________ yesterday. 易错点4： 感官动词用主动表被动 ✗ The food is tasted delicious. ✓ The food __________ delicious. 模块二 词汇主题：发明创造类词汇 2.1 核心词汇表 词汇 词性 含义 搭配/用法 invention n. __________ a great invention; the invention of invent v. __________ invent a new machine; be invented by inventor n. __________ a famous inventor create v. __________ create sth. new; be created by creative adj. __________ a creative idea; creative thinking produce v. __________ produce goods; be produced in product n. __________ a new product; local products design v./n. __________ be designed for; design a machine material n. __________ different materials; building materials experiment n. __________ do an experiment; in the experiment spread v. __________ spread to; spread around the world shape v./n. __________ shape the world; in the shape of 【例5-5 词汇运用】根据句意和首字母提示填空。 (1) The telephone was a great i__________ in history. (2) Thomas Edison was a famous i__________. (3) This factory p__________ thousands of cars every year. (4) Paper is made from natural m__________ like wood. (5) The news s__________ quickly across the country. 2.2 发明主题短语 短语 含义 例句 be made of __________（可见原材料） The desk is made of wood. be made from __________（不可见原材料） Paper is made from wood. be made in __________ These toys are made in China. be used for __________ Paper is used for writing. be known as __________ He is known as a great inventor. come up with __________ He came up with a great idea. all over the world __________ English is spoken all over the world. hundreds of __________ Hundreds of inventions change our life. 【例5-6 短语运用】用所给短语的适当形式填空。 (be made of, be made from, be made in, be used for, come up with) (1) The chair __________ wood. (2) Wine __________ grapes. (3) These phones __________ China. (4) A knife __________ cutting things. (5) He __________ a creative plan to solve the problem. 模块三 交际句型：谈论发明与创造 教师朗读稿： Teacher: Good morning, class. Today we are going to talk about great inventions. Can you name some important inventions? Tom: The telephone! It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. It changed the way people communicate. Lucy: I think paper is also a great invention. It is used for writing and printing. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Teacher: Good points! Paper was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China. Do you know how paper is made? Tom: I think it is made from wood. But I'm not sure about the process. Lucy: I read that the materials are mixed with water, then pressed and dried. The whole process is quite amazing. Teacher: Exactly! Creative ideas like these have shaped our world. What other inventions can you think of? Tom: The wheel! It is considered one of the most important inventions in history. 【例5-7 听力/阅读检测】 (1) When was the telephone invented? (2) Who invented paper? (3) What is paper made from according to Tom? (4) 找出对话中含被动语态的句子（至少3句）。 ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ ③ _________________________________________________________ 模块四 写作铺垫：描述发明的句型工具箱 4.1 核心句型归纳 功能 句型 示例 介绍发明时间/者 It was invented by... in... It was invented by Bell in 1876. 介绍用途 It is used for... It is used for communication. 介绍材料 It is made of/from... It is made from wood. 介绍产地 It is made in... It is made in China. 介绍影响 It changed... / It is considered... It changed the way people live. 【写作示范】 The telephone is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people could only send letters. The telephone changed the way people communicate. Today, telephones are used all over the world. They are made in many different countries. I think the telephone is a wonderful invention because it connects people everywhere. 范文解析： 被动语态：was invented, was invented, are used, are made 结构：总述 → 发明背景 → 影响 → 现状 → 个人感受 🤔 认知冲突埋设 观察下面两个句子，它们都是被动语态，但be动词的时态一样吗？ 句A：English is spoken all over the world. 句B：The telephone was invented in 1876. 句A中，is spoken是一般__________时被动——描述的是现在的客观事实（英语现在被广泛使用）。 句B中，was invented是一般__________时被动——描述的是过去的事件（电话在过去被发明）。 被动语态的时态由什么决定？如何正确选择be动词的时态？如果动作发生在过去但结果影响现在，该用什么时态？我们将在第2讲揭晓答案。 课堂练习 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. These machines __________ in China. A. are made B. is made C. made D. make 1. English __________ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 1. The classroom __________ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning 1. —Where __________ tea __________? —In China and India. A. does; grow B. is; grown C. do; grow D. is; growing 1. __________ this kind of car __________ in Japan? A. Does; make B. Is; made C. Do; make D. Is; making 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. These books __________ (keep) in the library. 1. Rice __________ (grow) in many parts of China. 1. The windows __________ (clean) every week. 1. Tea __________ (produce) in Fujian and Zhejiang. 1. The machines __________ (make) in this factory. 1. The classroom __________ (not clean) every day. 1. __________ the letter __________ (send) every week? 1. These songs __________ (sing) by children all over the world. 1. The bridge __________ (not build) every year. 1. Where __________ these products __________ (make)? 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People speak English in Australia.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The workers build the bridge every year.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. Do they use this machine every day?（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The students clean the classroom after school.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. They don't grow rice in cold areas.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： Do you know how paper is made? Paper is an important invention that changed the world. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo, silk, or animal skins. These materials were expensive and difficult to use. In ancient China, a man named Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper. He mixed tree bark, old cloth, and other materials with water. Then the mixture was pressed and dried in the sun. The paper was soft, light, and cheap. Today, paper is made from wood. It is used for writing, printing, and packaging. Tons of paper are produced every day all over the world. Paper is also recycled and used again. 1. What did people use for writing before paper was invented?（1分） 26. Who invented paper?（1分） 27. What materials did Cai Lun use to make paper?（1分） 28. What is paper used for today?（1分） 29. 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少2句）。（1分） ① _________________________________________________________ ② _________________________________________________________ 课堂小结：第1讲知识网络 第1讲知识地图：Ideas That Changed the World 1. 被动语态（核心语法） 1.1 概念：主语是动作的__________ 1.2 结构：__________ + 过去分词 1.3 一般现在时被动：__________ + 过去分词 1.4 三步法：__________ → __________ → __________ 1.5 使用场景：不知道执行者 / 执行者不重要 / 突出承受者 2. 词汇主题： invention / invent / inventor / create / produce / product / design 3. 交际句型： It was invented by... / It is used for... / It is made of... 4. 写作句型： 描述发明的时间、用途、材料、影响 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The desk __________ wood. A. is made of B. is made from C. made of D. is made in 1. English __________ in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. was spoken 1. These toys __________ in China. A. are made B. is made C. made D. make 1. —Where __________ coffee __________? —In Brazil and Vietnam. A. does; grow B. is; grown C. do; grow D. is; growing 1. The flowers __________ every day. A. water B. are watered C. is watered D. watered 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The bridge __________ (build) every year. 1. Tea __________ (drink) by people all over the world. 1. These songs __________ (sing) by children. 1. The car __________ (make) in Germany. 1. The letters __________ (send) every morning. 1. The room __________ (not clean) every day. 1. __________ the food __________ (cook) by your mother? 1. These books __________ (keep) in the library. 1. Where __________ these products __________ (sell)? 1. English __________ (teach) in most schools. 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People plant trees every spring.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The farmer grows rice in the fields.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. Do they sell newspapers in this shop?（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. The workers build many houses every year.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 1. They don't use this room often.（改为被动语态） → _________________________________________________________ 四、短文填空（每题2分，共10分） Tea is one of the most popular drinks in the world. It 1 (drink) by millions of people every day. Tea 2 (grow) mainly in China, India, and Japan. The tea plants 3 (pick) by hand, and then the leaves 4 (dry) in the sun. After that, the tea 5 (pack) and sent to different countries. 1. A. drinks B. is drunk C. drank D. is drinking 1. A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. is growing 1. A. pick B. are picked C. picked D. is picked 1. A. dry B. are dried C. dried D. is dried 1. A. packs B. is packed C. packed D. is packing 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $