周周有招同步提高班Unit5 讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦被动语态核心知识点，系统衔接第1讲一般现在时被动基础，进阶至一般过去时被动语态，通过结构公式、两种时态对比表格、特殊情况（不及物动词无被动、感官动词主动表被动）及易错点（be动词选择、过去分词形式、by短语位置）梳理，构建完整语法学习支架。 资料以“想法塑造世界”为主题，模块式整合语法（例5-11“我是小老师”纠错）、阅读（“纸的发明”时间顺序定位）、写作（三段式发明介绍框架），通过“你来当命题人”活动培养思维品质，范文与实战结合提升语言能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后练习与回环挑战帮助学生巩固查漏，实现知识内化。

第2讲 How Ideas Shape Our World(想法如何塑造世界) 课时:120分钟 | 课型:深度辨析 + 写作输出 课前测 将下列主动句改为被动语态。 1. People grow rice in the south. Rice _ _ in the south. 1. The workers build the bridge every year. The bridge _ _ every year. 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone _ _ in 1876. 1. They didn't build this house last year. This house _ _ last year. 1. Did people use this machine in the past? _ this machine _ in the past? 课堂授课 模块一 核心语法:被动语态(下)—— 一般过去时被动 + 综合进阶 1.1 一般过去时的被动语态 结构公式: 主语 + _ + 过去分词 + (by...) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The telephone was invented in 1876. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The bridge was not built last year. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词? Was the letter sent yesterday? 时间状语标志词: _, last week/month/year, in 1876, ... ago, in the past 【例5-8 基础建构】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. _ (2) The workers built the bridge last year. _ (3) They didn't finish the work yesterday. _ (4) Did the students clean the classroom yesterday? _ 1.2 两种时态被动语态的对比(核心进阶) 对比维度 一般现在时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 _ + 过去分词 _ + 过去分词 使用场景 客观事实、经常性动作、现状 过去发生的动作、历史事件 时间状语 every day, always, usually yesterday, last..., in 1876, ... ago 示例 Rice is grown in the south. The bridge was built in 2000. 【例5-9 对比训练】用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) The Great Wall _ (build) thousands of years ago. (2) English _ (speak) in many countries today. (3) This bridge _ (build) in 2020. (4) These cars _ (make) in China every year. (5) The telephone _ (invent) by Bell. 1.3 特殊情况的被动语态 (1)含情态动词的被动语态(本单元了解) 结构: 情态动词 + _ + 过去分词 The work must be finished today. This can be done easily. (2)不及物动词无被动 常见不及物动词 用法提醒 happen was happened / _ take place was taken place / _ come true was come true / _ appear was appeared / _ belong to is belonged to / _ (3)感官动词主动表被动 动词 主动表被动示例 taste The food _ good. smell The flower _ sweet. sound The music _ beautiful. feel The cloth _ soft. look The dress _ nice. 【例5-10 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) The sports meeting _ last week. A. was taken place B. took place C. is taken place D. was happened (2) The soup _ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted (3) The old building _ 100 years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds (4) This kind of cloth _ very soft. A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. was felt 1.4 易错点终极回顾 易错点1: be动词的数和时态选择 看主语单复数决定am/is/are/was/were 看_决定现在时还是过去时 易错点2: 过去分词的形式 规则动词加-ed(invented, produced, designed) 不规则动词需熟记(build-, make-, grow-_) 易错点3: by短语的位置 by + 执行者放在_ 执行者不重要时可省略 易错点4: 主动语态中省略by的情况 不知道执行者:My bike was stolen. 执行者不言而喻:English is spoken everywhere. 关注动作本身:The bridge was built in 2000. 【例5-11 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误,请找出并改正。 (1) The bridge is built in 2000. 改正:_ (2) The accident was happened yesterday. 改正:_ (3) Rice is grow in the south. 改正:_ (4) The classroom cleaned by the students every day. 改正:_ (5) These machines was made in China. 改正:_ 模块二 阅读技能:时间顺序与因果逻辑 2.1 阅读策略:时间顺序定位法 四大定位技巧: 技巧 信号词 作用 _定位 in 1876, before, after, later, then, finally 梳理事件发展顺序 _定位 because, so, as a result, lead to, result in 理解事件因果关系 _定位 first, next, then, after that, finally 理解制作/发展过程 _定位 but, however, although 理解遇到的困难 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿: The invention of papermaking is one of the most important achievements in human history. Before paper was invented, people in ancient China wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo was heavy and difficult to carry. Silk was expensive and not everyone could afford it. Around 105 AD, a Chinese official named Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper. Different materials were collected, including tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets. These materials were mixed with water and boiled. Then the mixture was beaten into a pulp. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen and pressed. After it was dried in the sun, soft and light paper was formed. The emperor was very pleased with Cai Lun's invention. Later, the technique of papermaking was spread to other countries. It first spread to Korea and Japan, then to the Arab world, and finally to Europe. The invention of paper made it possible to record and spread knowledge. Books became cheaper and more people could afford them. This led to a rapid increase in the number of books and a new birth of knowledge. Today, paper is still widely used in our daily life, though digital technology is changing the way we read and write. 【阅读任务】 (1) What did people in ancient China use for writing before paper was invented?(1分) (2) What was the problem with bamboo and silk?(2分) (3) What materials were used to make Cai Lun's paper?(1分) (4) Put the following steps of papermaking in order.(2分) A. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen. B. The materials were mixed with water and boiled. C. The paper was dried in the sun. D. The mixture was beaten into a pulp. E. The paper was pressed. 正确顺序:_ _ _ _ _ (5) 找出文中含被动语态的句子(至少4句)。(2分) ① _ ② _ ③ _ ④ _ (6) 用一句话概括本文主旨。(2分) 模块三 写作:Write about a Great Invention 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1:开头(引出发明) 句型模板: The _ is one of the most important inventions. It was invented by _ in _. Paragraph 2:主体(发明背景+过程+材料+用途) 内容 句型选择 示例 发明时间/者 It was invented by... in... It was invented by Bell in 1876. 制造材料 It is made of/from... It is made from plastic and metal. 用途 It is used for... It is used for communication. 产地 It is made in... It is made in many countries. Paragraph 3:结尾(影响与感受) 句型模板: This invention changed the way we _. I think it is a wonderful invention because _. 3.2 写作示范 题目: Write about a great invention. The telephone is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people had to send letters or travel to communicate with each other. It took a long time. Bell's first telephone could only send sound over a short distance. But later, the technology was improved. Today, telephones are used all over the world. They are made in many countries and are used for communication, business, and entertainment. Modern phones are not just used for calling—they are also used for surfing the Internet, taking photos, and playing games. I think the telephone is a great invention because it connects people everywhere. It has changed the way we live and work. 范文解析: 被动语态:was invented, was invented, was improved, are used, are made 结构:总述 发明背景 发展过程 现状 个人感受 3.3 写作实战 写作提示: 1. 介绍一项你最喜欢的发明(如纸、电话、电脑、高铁等) 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子 1. 使用至少3个本单元发明主题词汇 1. 词数:80词左右 你的作文: 模块四 综合语法与考点整合 4.1 两种时态被动语态完整对比 对比维度 一般现在时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 _ + 过去分词 _ + 过去分词 使用场景 客观事实/经常性动作/现状 过去事件/历史发明 时间标志 every day, usually, always, nowadays yesterday, last..., in..., ... ago 肯定句 The car is made in China. The car was made in 2020. 否定句 The car is not made here. The car was not made here. 疑问句 Is the car made here? Was the car made here? 三步判断口诀: "被动语态并不难,be加过去分词是关键; 时态人称看be变,现在时用_//, 过去时用_/_,时间状语帮你判; 不及物动词无被动,感官动词主动表被动。" 4.2 主动语态变被动语态综合训练 【例5-12 综合实战】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) People grow coffee in Brazil. _ (2) The workers built the bridge last year. _ (3) They don't use this room often. _ (4) Did the students clean the classroom yesterday? _ (5) The company produces thousands of phones every day. _ 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了被动语态的基本概念和一般现在时被动语态。你知道了被动语态的三种使用场景:不知道执行者、执行者不重要、突出承受者。 第2讲,你学会了一般过去时被动语态,掌握了两种时态被动语态的对比和选择。更重要的是,你学会了哪些动词没有被动语态(不及物动词),以及哪些动词用主动形式表示被动含义(感官动词)。 从"People speak English."到"English is spoken."——你不只是换了句式,而是理解了"视角转换"这一核心思维。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多,而是想更深。 课堂练习 一、单项选择(每题2分,共10分) 1. The telephone _ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 1. The sports meeting _ last Friday. A. was taken place B. took place C. is taken place D. was happened 1. This kind of bread _ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted 1. —When _ the bridge _? —In 2020. A. did; build B. was; built C. is; built D. does; build 1. Many trees _ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 二、用所给词的正确形式填空(每空1分,共10分) 1. The Great Wall _ (build) thousands of years ago. 1. English _ (speak) as a second language in many countries. 1. The bridge _ (not build) last year. 1. The flowers _ (water) every morning by my mother. 1. This song _ (write) by a famous musician in 2010. 1. The food _ (taste) very good. 1. The meeting _ (take place) last Monday. 1. These books _ (keep) in the library for students. 1. The computer _ (invent) after the telephone. 1. Glass _ (make) from sand. 三、句型转换(每题2分,共10分) 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(改为被动语态) _ 1. The workers built the bridge last year.(改为被动语态) _ 1. Did they finish the work yesterday?(改为被动语态) _ 1. People grow rice in many countries.(改为被动语态) _ 1. The students didn't clean the classroom yesterday.(改为被动语态) _ 四、阅读理解(共5分) 教师朗读稿: The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in human history. It was invented around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. Before the wheel was invented, people had to carry heavy things on their backs or use animals to pull them. This was slow and difficult. The first wheels were simple wooden discs. They were used for making pottery, not for transportation. Later, wheels were attached to carts, and this changed the way people traveled and moved goods. The invention of the wheel made transportation faster and easier. Today, wheels are used in countless ways. They are found in cars, bikes, trains, and even in machines like clocks and computers. The simple idea of a round object that rolls has shaped our modern world. 1. When was the wheel invented?(1分) 1. What were the first wheels used for?(1分) 1. How did the wheel change transportation?(1分) 1. Where are wheels used today?(列举两个例子)(1分) 1. 找出文中含被动语态的句子(至少2句)。(1分) ① _ ② _ 课堂小结:全单元知识体系 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 完整知识地图 语法核心:被动语态 1. 一般现在时被动:_ + 过去分词 场景:客观事实、经常性动作、现状 标志词:every day, usually, always 1. 一般过去时被动:_ + 过去分词 场景:过去事件、历史发明 标志词:yesterday, last..., in..., ... ago 1. 三步法:_ _ _ 1. 特殊情况: 不及物动词无被动(happen, take place, come true) 感官动词主动表被动(taste, smell, sound, feel, look) 词汇主题: invention / invent / inventor / create / produce / product / design 阅读技能: 时间顺序定位——时间词/因果词/步骤词/转折词 写作技能: Write about a great invention——三段式(引出 过程 影响) 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择(每题2分,共10分) 1. The telephone _ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 1. This kind of cake _ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted 1. Many trees _ every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 1. The bridge _ in 2020. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 1. —When _ the accident _? —Last night. A. did; happen B. was; happened C. is; happened D. does; happen 二、用所给词的正确形式填空(每空1分,共10分) 1. The paper _ (make) from wood. 1. The Great Wall _ (build) by ancient Chinese people. 1. These songs _ (sing) by children all over the world. 1. The work _ (finish) yesterday. 1. The flowers _ (water) every day. 1. The soup _ (taste) salty. 1. The meeting _ (take place) last week. 1. This book _ (write) by a famous writer in 2010. 1. English _ (teach) in most schools. 1. The window _ (break) by a boy yesterday. 三、句型转换(每题2分,共10分) 1. People grow coffee in Brazil.(改为被动语态) _ 1. The workers built the bridge last year.(改为被动语态) _ 1. Did they finish the project on time?(改为被动语态) _ 1. My mother waters the flowers every morning.(改为被动语态) _ 1. They didn't build this house in 1990.(改为被动语态) _ 四、完形填空(每题2分,共10分) The invention of the Internet is one of the most important achievements in modern history. It 1 (develop) in the 1960s by the US military. At first, it 2 (use) only for military and scientific purposes. In the 1990s, the Internet 3 (open) to the public. Since then, it has changed the way people communicate, work, and learn. Today, the Internet 4 (use) by billions of people all over the world. Information 5 (share) in seconds, and people can connect with each other from anywhere. 1. A. developed B. was developed C. is developed D. develops 1. A. used B. was used C. is used D. uses 1. A. opened B. was opened C. is opened D. opens 1. A. uses B. is used C. used D. was used 1. A. shares B. is shared C. shared D. was shared 五、书面表达(10分) 题目: Write about a great invention. 要求: 1. 介绍一项你最喜欢的发明(如纸、电话、电脑、高铁等) 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子 1. 使用至少3个本单元发明主题词汇 1. 词数:80词左右 参考范文: Paper is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China around 105 AD. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo was heavy and silk was expensive. Cai Lun used tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets to make paper. The materials were mixed with water, pressed, and dried. The paper was soft, light, and cheap. Today, paper is used for writing, printing, and packaging. It is made from wood and is produced all over the world. I think paper is a wonderful invention because it helped spread knowledge. 你的作文: 进化终点检测 终极挑战:你来当命题人! 你已经学完了本单元全部内容,掌握了被动语态的两种时态。 情境素材: 你的朋友想知道关于"纸的发明"的信息。 你的任务: 1. 用一般现在时被动语态编一道题 1. 用一般过去时被动语态编一道题 1. 写出一道关于"感官动词主动表被动"或"不及物动词无被动"的易错题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 你的命题: 题1(一般现在时被动):_ 题2(一般过去时被动):_ 题3(易错题):_ 解析:_ 六、回环挑战题(4道,每题5分,共20分) 回环挑战1: 判断下列句子中被动语态的用法是否正确。如果不正确,请改正,并说明理由。 (1) The bridge is built in 2000. 判断:_ 改正(如需):_ 理由:_ (2) English is spoken all over the world. 判断:_ 改正(如需):_ 理由:_ (3) The accident was happened yesterday. 判断:_ 改正(如需):_ 理由:_ (4) The food tastes delicious. 判断:_ 改正(如需):_ 理由:_ 回环挑战2: 根据中文提示完成句子,注意被动语态的时态和be动词的选择。 (1) 电话是亚历山大 贝尔在1876年发明的。 The telephone _ _ by Alexander Bell in 1876. (2) 纸被用于书写和印刷。 Paper _ _ for writing and printing. (3) 这座桥是去年建造的。 The bridge _ _ last year. 回环挑战3: 综合运用。阅读下面短文,用所给词的正确形式填空。 The first computer (1) _ (invent) in the 1940s. It (2) _ (call) ENIAC and it was very large. Today, computers (3) _ (use) by people all over the world. They (4) _ (make) in many different countries. The Internet also (5) _ (change) the way we use computers. 回环挑战4(本单元内部融合): 将下面的主动句改为被动语态,并说明时态选择的理由。 (1) People grow tea in China. _ 理由:_ (2) Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. _ 理由:_ (3) The students clean the classroom every day. _ 理由:_ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 How Ideas Shape Our World（想法如何塑造世界） 课时：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 第1讲知识复习 · 一般现在时被动 + 发明词汇 讲题 5分钟 课前测精讲 · 易错回扫 课堂授课 80分钟 被动语态深度进阶（一般过去时被动+综合）+ 阅读技能 + 写作输出 课堂练习 15分钟 综合题型训练 讲解 5分钟 答题技巧总结 课堂小结 5分钟 全单元知识体系构建 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 将下列主动句改为被动语态。 1. People grow rice in the south. → Rice __________ __________ in the south. → [is / grown] 解析：一般现在时被动，rice为单数。 1. The workers build the bridge every year. → The bridge __________ __________ every year. → [is / built] 解析：一般现在时被动，bridge为单数。 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. → The telephone __________ __________ in 1876. → [was / invented] 解析：一般过去时被动，telephone为单数，invented是过去分词。 1. They didn't build this house last year. → This house __________ __________ last year. → [was not / built] 解析：一般过去时被动否定式。 1. Did people use this machine in the past? → __________ this machine __________ in the past? → [Was; used] 解析：一般过去时被动一般疑问句。 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点回扫第3-5题（一般过去时被动语态），与第1-2题（一般现在时被动）形成对比，让学生感受两种时态被动语态的差异。 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 核心语法：被动语态（下）—— 一般过去时被动 + 综合进阶（30分钟） 1.1 一般过去时的被动语态 结构公式： 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + (by...) 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The telephone was invented in 1876. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The bridge was not built last year. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词? Was the letter sent yesterday? 时间状语标志词： yesterday, last week/month/year, in 1876, ... ago, in the past, long ago 【例5-8 基础建构】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. → The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 解析：宾语The telephone变主语，谓语invented改为was invented，主语Bell放在by后。 (2) The workers built the bridge last year. → The bridge was built by the workers last year. 解析：宾语The bridge变主语，谓语built改为was built。 (3) They didn't finish the work yesterday. → The work was not finished yesterday. 解析：否定句，work为单数，was not finished。 (4) Did the students clean the classroom yesterday? → Was the classroom cleaned by the students yesterday? 解析：一般疑问句，classroom为单数，Was...cleaned。 1.2 两种时态被动语态的对比（核心进阶） 认知重构策略： 通过对比让学生清晰区分"一般现在时被动"和"一般过去时被动"的使用场景。 对比维度 一般现在时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 am/is/are + 过去分词 was/were + 过去分词 使用场景 客观事实、经常性动作、现状 过去发生的动作、历史事件 时间状语 every day, always, usually yesterday, last..., in 1876, ... ago 示例 Rice is grown in the south. The bridge was built in 2000. 【例5-9 对比训练】用所给词的正确形式填空。 (1) The Great Wall __________ (build) thousands of years ago. → was built 解析：thousands of years ago提示一般过去时。 (2) English __________ (speak) in many countries today. → is spoken 解析：today提示一般现在时。 (3) This bridge __________ (build) in 2020. → was built 解析：in 2020提示一般过去时。 (4) These cars __________ (make) in China every year. → are made 解析：every year提示一般现在时。 (5) The telephone __________ (invent) by Bell. → was invented 解析：历史事实，一般过去时。 1.3 特殊情况的被动语态 （1）含情态动词的被动语态（本单元了解，下一单元详讲） 结构： 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 The work must be finished today. This can be done easily. （2）不及物动词无被动 常见不及物动词 用法提醒 happen ✗ was happened / ✓ happened take place ✗ was taken place / ✓ took place come true ✗ was come true / ✓ came true appear ✗ was appeared / ✓ appeared belong to ✗ is belonged to / ✓ belongs to （3）感官动词主动表被动 动词 主动表被动示例 taste The food tastes good. smell The flower smells sweet. sound The music sounds beautiful. feel The cloth feels soft. look The dress looks nice. 【例5-10 易错辨析】选择正确答案。 (1) The sports meeting __________ last week. A. was taken place B. took place C. is taken place D. was happened → [B] 解析：take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，用主动语态过去式took place。 (2) The soup __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动形式表示被动含义，描述现在的状态用一般现在时tastes。 (3) The old building __________ 100 years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds → [B] 解析：100 years ago提示一般过去时，building是"被建造"，用was built。 (4) This kind of cloth __________ very soft. A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. was felt → [A] 解析：感官动词feel用主动形式表示被动含义。 1.4 易错点终极回顾 易错点1：be动词的数和时态选择 看主语单复数决定am/is/are/was/were 看时间状语决定现在时还是过去时 易错点2：过去分词的形式 规则动词加-ed（invented, produced, designed） 不规则动词需熟记（build-built, make-made, grow-grown） 易错点3：by短语的位置 by + 执行者放在句末 执行者不重要时可省略 易错点4：主动语态中省略by的情况 不知道执行者：My bike was stolen. 执行者不言而喻：English is spoken everywhere. 关注动作本身：The bridge was built in 2000. 【例5-11 我是小老师】下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) The bridge is built in 2000. → ✗ 改正：The bridge was built in 2000. 解析：in 2000提示一般过去时，应用was built，不是is built。 (2) The accident was happened yesterday. → ✗ 改正：The accident happened yesterday. 解析：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。 (3) Rice is grow in the south. → ✗ 改正：Rice is grown in the south. 解析：grow的过去分词是grown，不是grow。 (4) The classroom cleaned by the students every day. → ✗ 改正：The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 解析：被动语态缺少be动词，应加is。 (5) These machines was made in China. → ✗ 改正：These machines were made in China. 解析：machines为复数，be动词用were，不是was。 模块二 阅读技能：时间顺序与因果逻辑（15分钟） 2.1 阅读策略：时间顺序定位法 四大定位技巧： 技巧 信号词 作用 时间词定位 in 1876, before, after, later, then, finally 梳理事件发展顺序 因果词定位 because, so, as a result, lead to, result in 理解事件因果关系 步骤词定位 first, next, then, after that, finally 理解制作/发展过程 转折词定位 but, however, although 理解遇到的困难 2.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿： The invention of papermaking is one of the most important achievements in human history. Before paper was invented, people in ancient China wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo was heavy and difficult to carry. Silk was expensive and not everyone could afford it. Around 105 AD, a Chinese official named Cai Lun invented a new kind of paper. Different materials were collected, including tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets. These materials were mixed with water and boiled. Then the mixture was beaten into a pulp. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen and pressed. After it was dried in the sun, soft and light paper was formed. The emperor was very pleased with Cai Lun's invention. Later, the technique of papermaking was spread to other countries. It first spread to Korea and Japan, then to the Arab world, and finally to Europe. The invention of paper made it possible to record and spread knowledge. Books became cheaper and more people could afford them. This led to a rapid increase in the number of books and a new birth of knowledge. Today, paper is still widely used in our daily life, though digital technology is changing the way we read and write. 【阅读任务】 (1) What did people in ancient China use for writing before paper was invented?（1分） → Bamboo or silk. 解析：原文"people in ancient China wrote on bamboo or silk." (2) What was the problem with bamboo and silk?（2分） → Bamboo was heavy and difficult to carry. Silk was expensive. 解析：原文"Bamboo was heavy...Silk was expensive and not everyone could afford it." (3) What materials were used to make Cai Lun's paper?（1分） → Tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets. 解析：原文"Different materials were collected, including tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets." (4) Put the following steps of papermaking in order.（2分） A. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen. B. The materials were mixed with water and boiled. C. The paper was dried in the sun. D. The mixture was beaten into a pulp. E. The paper was pressed. 正确顺序：__________ → __________ → __________ → __________ → __________ → B → D → A → E → C 解析：原文步骤：mixed and boiled → beaten into pulp → poured over screen → pressed → dried. (5) 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少4句）。（2分） → ① Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo or silk. → ② Different materials were collected. → ③ These materials were mixed with water and boiled. → ④ The mixture was beaten into a pulp. → ⑤ The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen and pressed. → ⑥ Soft and light paper was formed. → ⑦ The technique of papermaking was spread to other countries. (6) 用一句话概括本文主旨。（2分） → Cai Lun invented papermaking, which changed the way knowledge was recorded and spread. 模块三 写作：Write about a Great Invention（25分钟） 教材关联： 本单元写作任务为"介绍一项伟大发明"。要求使用被动语态 + 发明主题词汇。 3.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1：开头（引出发明） 句型模板： The __________ is one of the most important inventions. It was invented by __________ in __________. Paragraph 2：主体（发明背景+过程+材料+用途） 内容 句型选择 示例 发明时间/者 It was invented by... in... It was invented by Bell in 1876. 制造材料 It is made of/from... It is made from plastic and metal. 用途 It is used for... It is used for communication. 产地 It is made in... It is made in many countries. Paragraph 3：结尾（影响与感受） 句型模板： This invention changed the way we __________. I think it is a wonderful invention because __________. 3.2 写作示范 题目： Write about a great invention. The telephone is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before the telephone was invented, people had to send letters or travel to communicate with each other. It took a long time. Bell's first telephone could only send sound over a short distance. But later, the technology was improved. Today, telephones are used all over the world. They are made in many countries and are used for communication, business, and entertainment. Modern phones are not just used for calling—they are also used for surfing the Internet, taking photos, and playing games. I think the telephone is a great invention because it connects people everywhere. It has changed the way we live and work. 范文解析： 被动语态：was invented, was invented, was improved, are used, are made 结构：总述 → 发明背景 → 发展过程 → 现状 → 个人感受 3.3 写作实战 写作提示： 1. 介绍一项你最喜欢的发明（如纸、电话、电脑、高铁等） 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子 1. 使用至少3个本单元发明主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 模块四 综合语法与考点整合（10分钟） 4.1 两种时态被动语态完整对比 对比维度 一般现在时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 am/is/are + 过去分词 was/were + 过去分词 使用场景 客观事实/经常性动作/现状 过去事件/历史发明 时间标志 every day, usually, always, nowadays yesterday, last..., in..., ... ago 肯定句 The car is made in China. The car was made in 2020. 否定句 The car is not made here. The car was not made here. 疑问句 Is the car made here? Was the car made here? 三步判断口诀： "被动语态并不难，be加过去分词是关键； 时态人称看be变，现在时用am/is/are， 过去时用was/were，时间状语帮你判； 不及物动词无被动，感官动词主动表被动。" 4.2 主动语态变被动语态综合训练 【例5-12 综合实战】将下列主动句改为被动句。 (1) People grow coffee in Brazil. → Coffee is grown in Brazil. (2) The workers built the bridge last year. → The bridge was built last year. (3) They don't use this room often. → This room is not used often. (4) Did the students clean the classroom yesterday? → Was the classroom cleaned yesterday? (5) The company produces thousands of phones every day. → Thousands of phones are produced every day. 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了被动语态的基本概念和一般现在时被动语态。你知道了被动语态的三种使用场景：不知道执行者、执行者不重要、突出承受者。 第2讲，你学会了一般过去时被动语态，掌握了两种时态被动语态的对比和选择。更重要的是，你学会了哪些动词没有被动语态（不及物动词），以及哪些动词用主动形式表示被动含义（感官动词）。 从"People speak English."到"English is spoken."——你不只是换了句式，而是理解了"视角转换"这一核心思维。 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The telephone __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents → [B] 解析：in 1876提示一般过去时，telephone是"被发明"，用was invented。 1. The sports meeting __________ last Friday. A. was taken place B. took place C. is taken place D. was happened → [B] 解析：take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。 1. This kind of bread __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 1. —When __________ the bridge __________? —In 2020. A. did; build B. was; built C. is; built D. does; build → [B] 解析：bridge是"被建造"，in 2020提示过去时，用was built。 1. Many trees __________ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted → [B] 解析：every year提示一般现在时，trees是"被种植"，用are planted。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The Great Wall __________ (build) thousands of years ago. → was built 1. English __________ (speak) as a second language in many countries. → is spoken 1. The bridge __________ (not build) last year. → was not built 1. The flowers __________ (water) every morning by my mother. → are watered 1. This song __________ (write) by a famous musician in 2010. → was written 1. The food __________ (taste) very good. → tastes 1. The meeting __________ (take place) last Monday. → took place 1. These books __________ (keep) in the library for students. → are kept 1. The computer __________ (invent) after the telephone. → was invented 1. Glass __________ (make) from sand. → is made 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动语态） → The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 1. The workers built the bridge last year.（改为被动语态） → The bridge was built by the workers last year. 1. Did they finish the work yesterday?（改为被动语态） → Was the work finished yesterday? 1. People grow rice in many countries.（改为被动语态） → Rice is grown in many countries. 1. The students didn't clean the classroom yesterday.（改为被动语态） → The classroom was not cleaned yesterday. 四、阅读理解（共5分） 教师朗读稿： The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in human history. It was invented around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. Before the wheel was invented, people had to carry heavy things on their backs or use animals to pull them. This was slow and difficult. The first wheels were simple wooden discs. They were used for making pottery, not for transportation. Later, wheels were attached to carts, and this changed the way people traveled and moved goods. The invention of the wheel made transportation faster and easier. Today, wheels are used in countless ways. They are found in cars, bikes, trains, and even in machines like clocks and computers. The simple idea of a round object that rolls has shaped our modern world. 1. When was the wheel invented?（1分） → Around 3500 BC. 1. What were the first wheels used for?（1分） → Making pottery. 1. How did the wheel change transportation?（1分） → It made transportation faster and easier. 1. Where are wheels used today?（列举两个例子）（1分） → In cars, bikes, trains, clocks, computers.（任选两个） 1. 找出文中含被动语态的句子（至少2句）。（1分） → ① It was invented around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia. → ② The first wheels were used for making pottery. → ③ Wheels are used in countless ways. 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解第2题（take place无被动）、第3题（感官动词主动表被动）。答题技巧总结：被动语态两步判断法——看时间状语定时态，看主语单复数定be动词形式。 课堂小结（5分钟） 全单元知识体系构建 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 完整知识地图 语法核心：被动语态 1. 一般现在时被动： am/is/are + 过去分词 场景：客观事实、经常性动作、现状 标志词：every day, usually, always 1. 一般过去时被动： was/were + 过去分词 场景：过去事件、历史发明 标志词：yesterday, last..., in..., ... ago 1. 三步法： 宾变主 → 谓变被 → 主变宾 1. 特殊情况： 不及物动词无被动（happen, take place, come true） 感官动词主动表被动（taste, smell, sound, feel, look） 词汇主题： invention / invent / inventor / create / produce / product / design 阅读技能： 时间顺序定位——时间词/因果词/步骤词/转折词 写作技能： Write about a great invention——三段式（引出→过程→影响） 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. The telephone __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents → [B] 解析：in 1876提示一般过去时，telephone是"被发明"。 1. This kind of cake __________ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. was tasted → [B] 解析：感官动词taste用主动表被动。 1. Many trees __________ every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted → [B] 解析：every spring提示一般现在时，trees是"被种植"。 1. The bridge __________ in 2020. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds → [B] 解析：in 2020提示一般过去时，bridge是"被建造"。 1. —When __________ the accident __________? —Last night. A. did; happen B. was; happened C. is; happened D. does; happen → [A] 解析：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。last night提示一般过去时。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1. The paper __________ (make) from wood. → is made 1. The Great Wall __________ (build) by ancient Chinese people. → was built 1. These songs __________ (sing) by children all over the world. → are sung 1. The work __________ (finish) yesterday. → was finished 1. The flowers __________ (water) every day. → are watered 1. The soup __________ (taste) salty. → tastes 1. The meeting __________ (take place) last week. → took place 1. This book __________ (write) by a famous writer in 2010. → was written 1. English __________ (teach) in most schools. → is taught 1. The window __________ (break) by a boy yesterday. → was broken 三、句型转换（每题2分，共10分） 1. People grow coffee in Brazil.（改为被动语态） → Coffee is grown in Brazil. 1. The workers built the bridge last year.（改为被动语态） → The bridge was built last year. 1. Did they finish the project on time?（改为被动语态） → Was the project finished on time? 1. My mother waters the flowers every morning.（改为被动语态） → The flowers are watered by my mother every morning. 1. They didn't build this house in 1990.（改为被动语态） → This house was not built in 1990. 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） The invention of the Internet is one of the most important achievements in modern history. It 1 (develop) in the 1960s by the US military. At first, it 2 (use) only for military and scientific purposes. In the 1990s, the Internet 3 (open) to the public. Since then, it has changed the way people communicate, work, and learn. Today, the Internet 4 (use) by billions of people all over the world. Information 5 (share) in seconds, and people can connect with each other from anywhere. 1. A. developed B. was developed C. is developed D. develops → [B] 解析：in the 1960s提示一般过去时，Internet是"被开发"。 1. A. used B. was used C. is used D. uses → [B] 解析：at first提示过去，it是"被使用"。 1. A. opened B. was opened C. is opened D. opens → [B] 解析：Internet是"被开放给公众"。 1. A. uses B. is used C. used D. was used → [B] 解析：today提示一般现在时，Internet是"被使用"。 1. A. shares B. is shared C. shared D. was shared → [B] 解析：客观事实，information是"被分享"。 五、书面表达（10分） 题目： Write about a great invention. 要求： 1. 介绍一项你最喜欢的发明（如纸、电话、电脑、高铁等） 1. 使用至少3个被动语态句子 1. 使用至少3个本单元发明主题词汇 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Paper is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Cai Lun in ancient China around 105 AD. Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo or silk. Bamboo was heavy and silk was expensive. Cai Lun used tree bark, old cloth, and fishing nets to make paper. The materials were mixed with water, pressed, and dried. The paper was soft, light, and cheap. Today, paper is used for writing, printing, and packaging. It is made from wood and is produced all over the world. I think paper is a wonderful invention because it helped spread knowledge. 范文解析： 被动语态：was invented, was invented, were mixed, was pressed, was dried, is used, is made 词汇亮点：invention, invented, materials, spread, knowledge 结构：总述 → 发明背景 → 过程 → 现状 → 感受 🏆 进化终点检测（5分钟） 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容，掌握了被动语态的两种时态。 情境素材： 你的朋友想知道关于"纸的发明"的信息。 你的任务： 1. 用一般现在时被动语态编一道题 1. 用一般过去时被动语态编一道题 1. 写出一道关于"感官动词主动表被动"或"不及物动词无被动"的易错题 1. 写出每道题的完整答案解析 教师示范： 题1（一般现在时被动）：Paper __________ for writing and printing. A. uses B. is used C. used D. was used 答案：B 解析：本题考查一般现在时被动语态。句意"纸被用于书写和印刷"。描述客观事实，用一般现在时被动is used。 题2（一般过去时被动）：Paper __________ by Cai Lun in ancient China. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 答案：B 解析：本题考查一般过去时被动语态。句意"纸是由蔡伦在中国古代发明的"。in ancient China提示一般过去时，paper是"被发明"，用was invented。 题3（易错题）：The accident __________ last night. A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. was happening 答案：B 解析：本题考查不及物动词无被动。happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。last night提示一般过去时，用主动语态happened。 六、回环挑战题（4道，每题5分，共20分） 回环挑战1： 判断下列句子中被动语态的用法是否正确。如果不正确，请改正，并说明理由。 (1) The bridge is built in 2000. (2) English is spoken all over the world. (3) The accident was happened yesterday. (4) The food tastes delicious. 回环挑战2： 根据中文提示完成句子，注意被动语态的时态和be动词的选择。 (1) 电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。 The telephone __________ __________ by Alexander Bell in 1876. (2) 纸被用于书写和印刷。 Paper __________ __________ for writing and printing. (3) 这座桥是去年建造的。 The bridge __________ __________ last year. 回环挑战3： 综合运用。阅读下面短文，用所给词的正确形式填空。 The first computer (1) __________ (invent) in the 1940s. It (2) __________ (call) ENIAC and it was very large. Today, computers (3) __________ (use) by people all over the world. They (4) __________ (make) in many different countries. The Internet also (5) __________ (change) the way we use computers. 回环挑战4（本单元内部融合）： 将下面的主动句改为被动语态，并说明时态选择的理由。 (1) People grow tea in China. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (2) Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ (3) The students clean the classroom every day. → _________________________________________ 理由：_________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 回环挑战1： (1) 不正确。应改为was built。理由：in 2000提示一般过去时，应用was built。 (2) 正确。理由：描述客观事实，一般现在时被动。 (3) 不正确。应改为happened。理由：happen是不及物动词，没有被动语态。 (4) 正确。理由：感官动词taste用主动形式表示被动含义。 回环挑战2： (1) was invented (2) is used (3) was built 回环挑战3： (1) was invented (2) was called (3) are used (4) are made (5) changed 回环挑战4： (1) Tea is grown in China. 理由：grow为一般现在时，客观事实。 (2) The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 理由：invented为一般过去时，历史事件。 (3) The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 理由：clean为一般现在时，every day提示经常性动作。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $