周周有招同步提高班Unit1 讲义第二讲 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦“可感知的变化”主题，核心围绕现在完成时与一般过去时的深度辨析，通过六大维度对比表、三步判断法（找标志词-看语境-检查动词）构建学习支架，衔接第1讲标志词初级判断法，进阶至无标志词的语境逻辑分析，同时整合have been to/have gone to/have been in结构辨析、阅读闭环三步法（预测-验证-修正）及三段式变化写作框架。 该资料以“认知跃迁”为主线，通过“三步判断法”“易错陷阱对比”等设计培养思维品质，借助“教师朗读稿”音频辅助提升语言能力，写作模块提供“过去-现在”对比句型模板强化学习能力。课中助力教师系统突破语法难点，课后通过知识地图、回环挑战题帮助学生整合单元考点，查漏补缺。

第2讲 Changes We Can Feel（可感知的变化） 课时定位：Unit 1 下半部分 | 时长：120分钟 课堂学习目标 本讲结束后，你将能够： 1. 在无标志词的情况下仅靠语境逻辑判断时态 1. 区分 have been to / have gone to / have been in 1. 运用"阅读闭环"深度理解关于变化的文章 1. 运用三段式结构完成关于变化的写作 1. 全面回顾本单元所有语法考点 课前测（10分钟） 选择正确的时态形式。 1. I __________ (visit / have visited) the museum twice. It's really worth seeing. 1. They __________ (moved / have moved) to this city in 2019. 1. My cousin __________ (joined / has been in) the basketball club for two years. 1. —__________ you ever __________ (Did, eat / Have, eaten) Sichuan food? —Yes, I love it! 1. She __________ (used to live / is used to living) in a small town, but now she lives in a big city. 课堂授课 模块一 深度辨析：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 1.1 六大维度对比表 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心焦点 动作发生的时间（过去） 动作与________的联系 时间状语 yesterday, last..., ago, in 2020, just now already, yet, ever, never, for, since, so far 动词形式 动词________ have/has + ________ 与现在的关系 无关（过去的事已经结束） 相关（________留存/________至今） 询问时间 When did...?（何时发生） ________...?（持续多久） 否定/疑问 didn't + 动词原形 / + 过去分词 1.2 三步判断法 第一步：找________ → 有明确过去时间（yesterday / last... / ago / in 2020 / just now）→ ________ → 有模糊/持续时间（already / yet / ever / never / for / since / so far）→ ________ 第二步：看________ → 强调"过去动作对现在的影响/结果" → ________ → 仅陈述过去事实，与现在无关 → ________ 第三步：检查________ → 与for/since连用时，瞬间动词需转换为________ 【例2-1 三步法实战】 用三步法完成下列句子，并在横线上写出判断步骤。 (1) She __________ (finish) her homework, so she can watch TV now. 三步法：第一步____ 第二步____ 第三步____ → 答案：__________ (2) She __________ (finish) her homework at 8:00 last night. 三步法：第一步____ 第二步____ 第三步____ → 答案：__________ (3) He __________ (live) in Beijing for 10 years. 三步法：第一步____ 第二步____ 第三步____ → 答案：__________ (4) He __________ (live) in Beijing from 2010 to 2020. 三步法：第一步____ 第二步____ 第三步____ → 答案：__________ 1.3 高频易错陷阱 陷阱一：just ≠ just now 标志词 时态 例句 just（刚刚） ________ I have just finished my work. just now（刚才） ________ I finished my work just now. 陷阱二：when vs how long 疑问词 时态 例句 When（何时） ________ When did you buy this book? How long（多久） ________ How long have you had this book? 【例2-2 隐性判断】 选择正确答案。 (1) —Can I borrow your pen? —Sorry, I __________ (lost / have lost) it. (2) —I __________ (lost / have lost) my pen yesterday, but I found it later. (3) —Why is the room so dark? —Someone __________ (turned / has turned) off the lights. 模块二 考点拓展：have been to / have gone to / have been in 结构 含义 当前位置 记忆口诀 have/has been to 去过某地（已回来） ________ "been to去过已回" have/has gone to 去了某地（未回来） ________ "gone to去了未归" have/has been in 在某地待了多久 ________ "been in待在某地" 【例2-3】 用been to / gone to / been in填空。 (1) —Where is Lucy? —She __________ the library. She will be back in an hour. (2) I __________ Beijing three times. It's a wonderful city. (3) My parents __________ Shanghai for 20 years. They love the city. (4) —__________ you ever __________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there last year. 模块三 阅读技能：预测深度训练 + 信息提取 3.1 预测策略升级版——阅读闭环三步法 1. 读前________：根据标题和图片，预测文章内容 1. 读中________：阅读过程中验证预测是否正确 1. 读后________：根据实际内容修正/完善预测 3.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿（听教师朗读，完成下列任务） Title: From Village to Town — The Story of Lijia Village Lijia Village used to be a poor mountain village. Ten years ago, there was only one narrow road connecting it to the outside world. Most young people had to leave the village to find jobs in big cities. The village had no school, so children had to walk two hours to study in a nearby town. But things have changed dramatically. In 2023, the government built a new highway through the mountains. The journey to the city now takes only 40 minutes. A new school has also been built in the village. The villagers have started planting tea trees on the mountains. They have sold their tea to cities across China through the Internet. "We used to be poor and had no hope," says Mr Li, the village head. "But now, our life has become much better. Many young people have come back to work here. They have brought new ideas and energy to our village." 预测阶段：根据标题"From Village to Town"，预测文章会讲什么？ 理解阶段： (1) What was Lijia Village like ten years ago?（列出至少3点） (2) What changes have taken place in recent years? (3) Why have many young people come back to work in the village? 推理判断： (4) What can we infer about the village head's attitude towards the changes? 模块四 写作：Write about Changes 4.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1：开头（总起） 句型模板：Great changes have taken place in __________ since __________. Paragraph 2：主体（具体变化） 变化方面 过去（used to） 现在（have done） 学习习惯 used to procrastinate have learned to plan my time 性格特点 used to be shy have become more confident 兴趣爱好 used to play games all day have developed a love for reading 生活技能 couldn't do housework have learned to cook and clean 句型模板： I used to __________, but now I have __________. In the past, I __________. However, I have __________. Paragraph 3：结尾（感受与展望） 句型模板：I am __________ about these changes. They have __________. 4.2 写作示范（认真阅读，标注所用时态） 题目：Write about changes in your life since primary school Great changes have taken place in my life since I entered middle school. First of all, I used to be a very shy girl. I was afraid to speak in front of others. But I have changed a lot. Now I can give a speech in class and I have made many friends. Secondly, my study habits have improved greatly. I used to put off my homework until the last minute. However, I have learned to make a study plan and follow it every day. As a result, my grades have gone up. I am really proud of these changes. They have taught me that if I work hard, I can become a better version of myself. 标注练习：在范文中圈出所有现在完成时的动词短语，在下方列出： 圈出所有used to结构，在下方列出： 4.3 写作实战 写作提示： 1. 选择2-3个最明显的变化 1. 每个变化先写"过去"，再用"but now / however"转折写"现在" 1. 至少使用2个现在完成时句子和1个used to结构 1. 结尾写一句感受 我的写作草稿： 模块五 综合语法与考点整合 5.1 本单元语法考点清单 考点 难度 中考频率 我的掌握情况 现在完成时三大功能 ★★★ 必考 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 ★★★★★ 必考 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 used to do ★★★ 高频 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 延续性动词转化（4组基础） ★★★★ 高频 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 have been to / gone to / been in ★★★ 高频 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 already / yet / ever / never / just ★★ 中频 □已掌握 □需复习 □不会 5.2 易错点终极回顾 【例2-4 我是小老师】 下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) I have seen the film yesterday. 改正：_______________________________________________ (2) He has joined the club for 3 years. 改正：_______________________________________________ (3) She has gone to Beijing twice. 改正：_______________________________________________ (4) I used to playing the piano when I was young. 改正：_______________________________________________ (5) He didn't used to get up early. 改正：_______________________________________________ 🧠 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了"现在完成时有三大功能"——影响型、经历型、持续型。你还学会了"找标志词"的初级判断法。 第2讲，你要做的是在**"没有标志词"的情况下，仅靠语境逻辑**判断时态。这不是新的知识点，而是对同一知识的更深层理解——从"看到词选时态"进化到"读懂语境选时态"。 接下来的课堂练习，你将会遇到"裸语境题"（没有already/yet/for/since等标志词），你需要调用两步思维链： ① 这个动作对现在还有影响吗？→ 有则现在完成时 ② 这个动作是在过去某个具体时间发生的吗？→ 是则一般过去时 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. My sister __________ her pet dog for three years. She loves it very much. A. has had B. has bought C. bought D. had 2. —When __________ you __________ your new job? —Last month. A. have, started B. did, start C. do, start D. will, start 3. —Look! Someone __________ the window. —Oh, I did it just now. It was too hot. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. is opening 4. Great changes __________ in our city in the past five years. A. took place B. have taken place C. take place D. are taking place 5. My grandfather __________ smoking two years ago. He says it's good for his health. A. used to B. stopped C. has stopped D. was used to 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (not hear) from my pen pal since she __________ (move) to Canada. 7. This is the most beautiful place I __________ ever __________ (visit). 8. My mother __________ (work) in this hospital for 15 years. She __________ (start) working here in 2011. 9. They __________ (build) a new bridge over the river last year. It __________ (change) the traffic a lot. 10. —__________ you __________ (finish) reading the book? —Not yet. I __________ (read) only 50 pages. 三、阅读理解（共5分） In the past, getting around in big cities was not always easy. People had to wait for the bus for a long time. Taxis were expensive. Many people used to ride their own bikes, but they had to worry about parking and theft. But the shared bike has changed all this. Since 2016, shared bikes have appeared on the streets of many Chinese cities. People can pick up a bike anywhere and leave it anywhere. "I have used shared bikes for three years," says Wang Tao, a college student. "They have made my life much easier. I don't have to wait for the bus anymore." However, there are also some problems. Some people have left bikes in the middle of the road. Others have damaged them. The government has made new rules to solve these problems. 11. What problems did people have with their own bikes in the past?（1分） 12. When did shared bikes start to appear in many Chinese cities?（1分） 13. How has Wang Tao benefited from shared bikes?（1分） 14. What problems have been caused by shared bikes?（1分） 15. What has the government done about these problems?（1分） 课堂小结 Unit 1 The Changing World 完整知识地图 语法核心：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（对比） 1. 现在完成时三大功能 1.1 影响/结果型（________ / ________ / ） 1.2 经历型（ / ________ / ） 1.3 持续型（ + 时间段 / ________ + 时间点） 1. used to do — 过去常常（现在不做了） 2.1 否定式：____________________ 2.2 四大"used"辨析 1. 延续性动词转化（4+4组） 3.1 基础：buy→________ / borrow→________ / die→________ / leave→________ 3.2 补充：join→________ / begin→________ / open→________ / arrive→________ 1. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析 1. 高频标志词：already / ________ / ________ / ________ / ________ / for / ________ 阅读技能：预测 — 预测三步法 + 阅读闭环 写作技能：Write about Changes — 三段式结构（→→________） 🏆 进化终点检测 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容。现在，请你根据以下情境，自己编一道时态判断题，并写出完整解析。 情境素材：你的朋友李华去年暑假去了北京，今年暑假又去了一次。他告诉你北京变化很大。 你的任务： 1. 编写一道单选题（4个选项）或填空题（至少2个空） 1. 题目中必须包含至少1个现在完成时和至少1个一般过去时 1. 写出完整的答案解析（考点溯源 + 解题步骤 + 易错警示） 我编的题目： 我的答案解析： 考点溯源：_______________________________________________ 解题步骤：_______________________________________________ 易错警示：_______________________________________________ 课后巩固作业 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. —I called you at 8:00 this morning, but no one answered. —Oh, I __________ a meeting at that time. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 2. My hometown __________ a lot since 2020. I can hardly recognize it. A. changed B. has changed C. was changing D. changes 3. The woman __________ be a teacher, but now she is a writer. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. got used to 4. —How long __________ you __________ this camera? —For about five years. A. have, bought B. did, buy C. have, had D. do, have 5. The train __________. You'd better hurry up. A. has just left B. just left C. is just leaving D. just leaves 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (buy) this computer last year. It __________ (work) well so far. 7. She __________ (teach) in this school since she __________ (graduate) from university. 8. They __________ (not see) each other for ten years, but they still keep in touch. 9. My father __________ (give) up smoking last year. He __________ (not smoke) since then. 10. —__________ you __________ (read) the latest news about space exploration? —Yes. China __________ (send) three astronauts to the space station last month. 三、回环挑战题：跨讲综合运用（每题3分，共9分） 🧩 回环挑战：这几道题需要同时调用第1讲和第2讲的知识。 如果你卡住了，回头看看第1讲的"延续性动词转化"和"used to do"内容。 11. 第1讲知识回顾：My grandfather __________ (die) in 2020. He __________ (be dead) for six years. I miss him very much. 12. 第2讲新挑战：—Why do you look so tired? —Because I __________ (not sleep) well last night. I __________ (stay) up late to finish my report, and I __________ (just finish) it. 13. 终极融合：My hometown __________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. It __________ (used to be) a small village, but now it __________ (become) a modern town. I __________ (leave) home in 2018, and I __________ (not be) back since then. When I __________ (see) the photos my mother sent me yesterday, I __________ (can) hardly believe my eyes. 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） When my grandmother was young, she 14 to carry cash everywhere. If she wanted to buy something, she had to make sure she had enough money in her pocket. "I 15 my purse twice," she once told me. "That was terrible!" But today, everything is different. Mobile payment 16 our lives greatly. We can pay for things just by scanning a QR code with our phones. My grandmother 17 to use mobile payment now. "I have used it for two years," she says happily. "I don't have to worry about losing my money anymore." Technology 18 our world. And I believe it will continue to do so in the future. 14. A. has B. used C. had D. is used 15. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. am losing 16. A. changed B. changes C. has changed D. is changing 17. A. used B. is used C. has used D. uses 18. A. is changing B. changed C. has changed D. will change 五、书面表达（10分） 题目：Changes in My Hometown 要求： 1. 描述你的家乡过去和现在的变化 1. 使用现在完成时和used to do结构 1. 词数：80词左右 写作区： 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 Changes We Can Feel（可感知的变化） 课时定位：Unit 1 下半部分（Section B 核心 + 综合运用） | 时长：120分钟 | 课型：深度辨析 + 写作输出 教学规划总览 教学环节 时间 内容定位 课前测 10分钟 第1讲知识复习 · 现在完成时 + used to 讲题 5分钟 课前测精讲 · 易错回扫 课堂授课 80分钟 时态深度辨析 + 阅读技巧 + 写作建构 课堂练习 15分钟 综合题型训练 讲解 5分钟 答题技巧总结 课堂小结 5分钟 全单元知识体系构建 课后作业：约30分钟题量（见讲末） 课前测（10分钟） 一、选择正确的时态（每题2分，共10分） 1. I __________ (visit / have visited) the museum twice. It's really worth seeing. → [have visited] 解析：twice表示"到目前为止的次数"，用现在完成时。 2. They __________ (moved / have moved) to this city in 2019. → [moved] 解析：in 2019是明确过去时间，用一般过去时。 3. My cousin __________ (joined / has been in) the basketball club for two years. → [has been in] 解析：for two years需用延续性动词，join→be in。 4. —__________ you ever __________ (Did, eat / Have, eaten) Sichuan food? —Yes, I love it! → [Have, eaten] 解析：ever表示"曾经"，用现在完成时。 5. She __________ (used to live / is used to living) in a small town, but now she lives in a big city. → [used to live] 解析：古今对比，表示"过去住在小镇"。 讲题环节（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点回扫第3题（延续性动词转化）和第5题（used to do vs be used to doing）。 用"替换检查法"帮助学生建立自检习惯： 看到for/since → 立即检查动词 看到"过去和现在对比" → 立即考虑used to 课堂授课（80分钟） 模块一 深度辨析：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（25分钟） 知识进化策略： 第1讲完成了"现在完成时的三大功能"建构，第2讲在此基础上进行"深度辨析"——这是中考最高频的时态对比考点，也是学生最易混淆的部分。 1.1 六大维度对比表 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心焦点 动作发生的时间（过去） 动作与现在的联系 时间状语 yesterday, last..., ago, in 2020, just now already, yet, ever, never, for, since, so far 动词形式 动词过去式 have/has + 过去分词 与现在的关系 无关（过去的事已经结束） 相关（结果留存/持续至今） 询问时间 When did...?（何时发生） How long...?（持续多久） 否定/疑问 didn't + 动词原形 haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 1.2 三步判断法 认知重构： 将"时态判断"建模为"三步决策树"，学生每遇到时态题，按步骤执行。 第一步：找时间状语 → 有明确过去时间（yesterday / last... / ago / in 2020 / just now）→ 一般过去时 → 有模糊/持续时间（already / yet / ever / never / for / since / so far）→ 现在完成时 第二步：看语境逻辑 → 强调"过去动作对现在的影响/结果" → 现在完成时 → 仅陈述过去事实，与现在无关 → 一般过去时 第三步：检查动词 → 与for/since连用时，瞬间动词需转换为延续性动词 【例2-1 三步法实战】 用三步法完成下列句子。 (1) She __________ (finish) her homework, so she can watch TV now. → [has finished] 第一步：无明确过去时间；第二步：强调结果"可以看电视了"→现在完成时 (2) She __________ (finish) her homework at 8:00 last night. → [finished] 第一步：有明确过去时间"at 8:00 last night"→一般过去时 (3) He __________ (live) in Beijing for 10 years. → [has lived] 第一步：for 10 years → 现在完成时；第三步：live是延续性动词，无需转换 (4) He __________ (live) in Beijing from 2010 to 2020. → [lived] 第一步：from 2010 to 2020是过去时间段→一般过去时 1.3 高频易错陷阱 陷阱一：just ≠ just now 标志词 时态 例句 just（刚刚） 现在完成时 I have just finished my work. just now（刚才） 一般过去时 I finished my work just now. 陷阱二：when vs how long 疑问词 时态 例句 When（何时） 一般过去时 When did you buy this book? How long（多久） 现在完成时 How long have you had this book? 陷阱三：语境中的隐性判断 有时题目没有明确的时间状语，需要根据语境逻辑判断。 【例2-2 隐性判断】 选择正确答案。 (1) —Can I borrow your pen? —Sorry, I __________ (lost / have lost) it. → [have lost] 解析：丢笔导致现在无法借出——强调对现在的影响。 (2) —I __________ (lost / have lost) my pen yesterday, but I found it later. → [lost] 解析：昨天丢的但后来找到了，与现在无关——陈述过去事实。 (3) —Why is the room so dark? —Someone __________ (turned / has turned) off the lights. → [has turned] 解析：关灯导致现在很暗——强调结果留存。 模块二 考点拓展：have been to / have gone to / have been in（15分钟） 2.1 三大结构对比 结构 含义 当前位置 记忆口诀 have/has been to 去过某地（已回来） 在此地 "been to去过已回" have/has gone to 去了某地（未回来） 在彼地/路上 "gone to去了未归" have/has been in 在某地待了多久 在此地持续 "been in待在某地" 【例2-3】 用been to / gone to / been in 填空。 (1) —Where is Lucy? —She __________ the library. She will be back in an hour. → [has gone to] 解析：Lucy不在现场，去了图书馆未回。 (2) I __________ Beijing three times. It's a wonderful city. → [have been to] 解析：表示"去过"的经历，已返回。 (3) My parents __________ Shanghai for 20 years. They love the city. → [have been in] 解析：表示"在上海住了20年"，持续状态。 (4) —__________ you ever __________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I went there last year. → [Have, been to] 解析：ever询问"是否去过"的经历。 模块三 阅读技能：预测深度训练 + 信息提取（15分钟） 3.1 预测策略升级版 知识进化：从第1讲的"基础预测"升级为"预测 + 验证 + 修正"的完整阅读闭环。 阅读闭环三步法： 1. 读前预测：根据标题和图片，预测文章内容 1. 读中验证：阅读过程中验证预测是否正确 1. 读后修正：根据实际内容修正/完善预测 3.2 实战阅读 教师朗读稿（替代听力材料）： 教师以正常语速朗读，第一遍学生合书听大意，第二遍开书完成信息提取。 Title: From Village to Town — The Story of Lijia Village Lijia Village used to be a poor mountain village. Ten years ago, there was only one narrow road connecting it to the outside world. Most young people had to leave the village to find jobs in big cities. The village had no school, so children had to walk two hours to study in a nearby town. But things have changed dramatically. In 2023, the government built a new highway through the mountains. The journey to the city now takes only 40 minutes. A new school has also been built in the village. The villagers have started planting tea trees on the mountains. They have sold their tea to cities across China through the Internet. "We used to be poor and had no hope," says Mr Li, the village head. "But now, our life has become much better. Many young people have come back to work here. They have brought new ideas and energy to our village." 【阅读任务】 预测阶段：根据标题"From Village to Town"预测文章会讲什么。 → [一个村庄从农村变为城镇的故事；可能会涉及交通、生活、工作的变化。] 理解阶段： (1) What was Lijia Village like ten years ago?（列出至少3点） → [① It was poor. ② There was only one narrow road. ③ Most young people left for big cities. ④ Children had to walk two hours to school.] (2) What changes have taken place in recent years? → [① A new highway has been built. ② A new school has been built. ③ Villagers have started planting tea trees and selling tea online.] (3) Why have many young people come back to work in the village? → [Because the village has developed a lot and has become better. They have brought new ideas and energy.] 推理判断： (4) What can we infer about the village head's attitude towards the changes? → [He is happy and proud of the changes. The word "but" in the last paragraph shows a positive contrast.] 模块四 写作：Write about Changes（20分钟） 教材关联：本单元写作任务为"Write about changes in your life since primary school"。 要求使用现在完成时 + used to 结构。 4.1 写作框架 Paragraph 1：开头（总起） 句型模板：Great changes have taken place in __________ since __________. 示例：Great changes have taken place in my life since I entered middle school. Paragraph 2：主体（具体变化） 变化方面 过去（used to） 现在（have done） 学习习惯 used to procrastinate have learned to plan my time 性格特点 used to be shy have become more confident 兴趣爱好 used to play games all day have developed a love for reading 生活技能 couldn't do housework have learned to cook and clean 句型模板： I used to __________, but now I have __________. In the past, I __________. However, I have __________. Paragraph 3：结尾（感受与展望） 句型模板：I am __________ about these changes. They have __________. 示例：I am happy about these changes. They have made me a better person. 4.2 写作示范 题目：Write about changes in your life since primary school 范文： Great changes have taken place in my life since I entered middle school. First of all, I used to be a very shy girl. I was afraid to speak in front of others. But I have changed a lot. Now I can give a speech in class and I have made many friends. Secondly, my study habits have improved greatly. I used to put off my homework until the last minute. However, I have learned to make a study plan and follow it every day. As a result, my grades have gone up. I am really proud of these changes. They have taught me that if I work hard, I can become a better version of myself. 范文解析： 时态：have taken place（现在完成时），used to be / used to put off（过去常常），have changed / have improved / have learned / have made / have gone up（现在完成时强调结果） 结构：总起（since...）→ 两个具体变化（性格 + 学习习惯）→ 总结感受 过渡词：First of all, Secondly, However, As a result 亮点表达：put off, make a study plan, follow it, a better version of myself 4.3 写作实战（学生现场写作指导） 写作提示： 1. 选择2-3个最明显的变化 1. 每个变化先写"过去"，再用"but now / however"转折写"现在" 1. 至少使用2个现在完成时句子和1个used to结构 1. 结尾写一句感受 模块五 综合语法与考点整合（5分钟） 5.1 本单元语法考点清单 Unit 1 语法考点总表 考点 难度 中考频率 掌握要求 现在完成时三大功能 ★★★ 必考 能区分三种用法并正确运用 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 ★★★★★ 必考 能根据时间状语和语境判断 used to do ★★★ 高频 能正确运用否定式和疑问式 延续性动词转化（4组基础） ★★★★ 高频 能熟练转换buy/die/leave/borrow have been to / gone to / been in ★★★ 高频 能根据语境判断位置 already / yet / ever / never / just ★★ 中频 能正确选择和使用 5.2 易错点终极回顾 备课批注：用"诊断式"方法，给出错误句子，让学生自己"当老师"纠错。 【例2-4 我是小老师】 下列句子都有错误，请找出并改正。 (1) I have seen the film yesterday. → ✗ 改正：__________ → [I saw the film yesterday.] 解析：yesterday是明确过去时间，不能用现在完成时。 (2) He has joined the club for 3 years. → ✗ 改正：__________ → [He has been in the club for 3 years.] 解析：join是瞬间动词，不能与for连用，需转换为be in。 (3) She has gone to Beijing twice. → ✗ 改正：__________ → [She has been to Beijing twice.] 解析："去过两次（已回）"用been to，gone to表示"去了未回"。 (4) I used to playing the piano when I was young. → ✗ 改正：__________ → [I used to play the piano when I was young.] 解析：used to后接动词原形，不是动名词。 (5) He didn't used to get up early. → ✗ 改正：__________ → [He didn't use to get up early.] 解析：否定句中use还原为原形。 🧠 认知跃迁提醒 第1讲你学会了"现在完成时有三大功能"——影响型、经历型、持续型。你还学会了"找标志词"的初级判断法。 第2讲，你要做的是在"没有标志词"的情况下，仅靠语境逻辑判断时态。这不是新的知识点，而是对同一知识的更深层理解——从"看到词选时态"进化到"读懂语境选时态"。 接下来的课堂练习，你将会遇到"裸语境题"（没有already/yet/for/since等标志词），你需要调用两步思维链： ① 这个动作对现在还有影响吗？→ 有则现在完成时 ② 这个动作是在过去某个具体时间发生的吗？→ 是则一般过去时 这才是真正的"知识进化"——不是学更多，而是想更深。 课堂练习（15分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. My sister __________ her pet dog for three years. She loves it very much. A. has had B. has bought C. bought D. had → [A] 解析：for three years需用延续性动词，buy是瞬间动词→have（had是have的过去分词）。 2. —When __________ you __________ your new job? —Last month. A. have, started B. did, start C. do, start D. will, start → [B] 解析：When询问过去具体时间，答句Last month是一般过去时标志。 3. —Look! Someone __________ the window. —Oh, I did it just now. It was too hot. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. is opening → [C] 解析：强调"窗户现在是开着的"这个结果，用现在完成时。 4. Great changes __________ in our city in the past five years. A. took place B. have taken place C. take place D. are taking place → [B] 解析：in the past five years是现在完成时标志。 5. My grandfather __________ smoking two years ago. He says it's good for his health. A. used to B. stopped C. has stopped D. was used to → [B] 解析：句中有明确的过去时间状语 two years ago，表示“两年前”发生的动作，应用一般过去时。现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间点（如 two years ago）连用。C项 has stopped 语法错误，A项和D项不符合句意。故选 B。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (not hear) from my pen pal since she __________ (move) to Canada. → [haven't heard / moved] 解析：since引导时间状语，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 7. This is the most beautiful place I __________ ever __________ (visit). → [have, visited] 解析：定语从句中，ever表示"曾经"，用现在完成时。 8. My mother __________ (work) in this hospital for 15 years. She __________ (start) working here in 2011. → [has worked / started] 解析：for 15 years用现在完成时；in 2011用一般过去时。 9. They __________ (build) a new bridge over the river last year. It __________ (change) the traffic a lot. → [built / has changed] 解析：last year用一般过去时；强调"已经改变了交通"这个结果用现在完成时。 10. —__________ you __________ (finish) reading the book? —Not yet. I __________ (read) only 50 pages. → [Have, finished / have read] 解析：yet用于现在完成时疑问句；read表示"已经读了多少"。 三、阅读理解（共5分） 素材来源：自编题，主题"共享单车改变城市出行"，贴近生活。 In the past, getting around in big cities was not always easy. People had to wait for the bus for a long time. Taxis were expensive. Many people used to ride their own bikes, but they had to worry about parking and theft. But the shared bike has changed all this. Since 2016, shared bikes have appeared on the streets of many Chinese cities. People can pick up a bike anywhere and leave it anywhere. "I have used shared bikes for three years," says Wang Tao, a college student. "They have made my life much easier. I don't have to wait for the bus anymore." However, there are also some problems. Some people have left bikes in the middle of the road. Others have damaged them. The government has made new rules to solve these problems. 11. What problems did people have with their own bikes in the past?（1分） → [They had to worry about parking and theft.] 12. When did shared bikes start to appear in many Chinese cities?（1分） → [Since 2016.] 13. How has Wang Tao benefited from shared bikes?（1分） → [They have made his life much easier. He doesn't have to wait for the bus anymore.] 14. What problems have been caused by shared bikes?（1分） → [Some people have left bikes in the middle of the road. Others have damaged them.] 15. What has the government done about these problems?（1分） → [The government has made new rules to solve these problems.] 练习讲解（5分钟） 备课批注： 重点讲解第5题（语境中的时态判断——现在完成时 vs 一般过去时）、第6题（since从句的时态搭配）、第9题（一般过去时和现在完成时在同一语境中的对比使用）。 答题技巧总结： 1. 先找时间标志词 1. 无标志词则分析语境逻辑 1. 注意主从句的时态呼应 课堂小结（5分钟） 全单元知识体系构建 Unit 1 The Changing World 完整知识地图 语法核心：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（对比） 1. 现在完成时三大功能 1.1 影响/结果型（already / yet / just） 1.2 经历型（ever / never / before） 1.3 持续型（for / since） 1. used to do — 过去常常（现在不做了） 2.1 否定式：didn't use to 2.2 四大"used"辨析 1. 延续性动词转化（4+4组） 3.1 基础：buy→have / borrow→keep / die→be dead / leave→be away 3.2 补充：join→be in / begin→be on / open→be open / arrive→be here 1. have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析 1. 高频标志词：already / yet / ever / never / just / for / since 阅读技能：预测（Making Predictions） — 预测三步法 + 阅读闭环 写作技能：Write about Changes — 三段式结构（总起→具体变化→感受） 课堂获得感设计： "请用一句话说说——学习完本单元，你对'变化'这个话题最大的收获是什么？" 邀请3位学生分享，教师点评并总结："变化是永恒的。学会用英语描述变化，就是学会记录生活。" 🏆 进化终点检测（5分钟） 终极挑战：你来当命题人！ 你已经学完了本单元全部内容。现在，请你根据以下情境，自己编一道时态判断题，并写出完整解析。 情境素材：你的朋友李华去年暑假去了北京，今年暑假又去了一次。他告诉你北京变化很大。 你的任务： 1. 1. 编写一道单选题（4个选项）或填空题（至少2个空） 1. 2. 题目中必须包含至少1个现在完成时和至少1个一般过去时 1. 3. 写出完整的答案解析（考点溯源 + 解题步骤 + 易错警示） 教师备课批注： 此环节的核心价值不在于学生编的题有多好，而在于： 学生必须主动调用两种时态的核心规则才能出题 学生必须站在命题人角度思考"哪里容易出错" 这是从"被检测者"到"检测者"的认知跃迁 建议：给学生3分钟编题，2分钟同桌互换作答，教师选2-3份优秀作品投影展示并点评。 正向反馈话术："你能编出一道有陷阱的题，说明你真的掌握了这个知识点。" 教师示范（供参考）： Li Hua __________ (visit) Beijing twice. He first __________ (go) there last summer. He says the city __________ (change) a lot since his first visit. 答案：has visited / went / has changed 解析：第一空"twice"表示到现在的次数→现在完成时；第二空"last summer"是明确过去时间→一般过去时；第三空"since his first visit"表示从第一次到现在→现在完成时。 易错警示：学生容易把第二空也写成现在完成时，忽略了"last summer"这个关键标志词。 课后巩固作业（30分钟） 一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分） 1. —I called you at 8:00 this morning, but no one answered. —Oh, I __________ a meeting at that time. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had → [C] 解析：at 8:00 this morning是过去的具体时间点，表示"当时正在开会"，用过去进行时。 2. My hometown __________ a lot since 2020. I can hardly recognize it. A. changed B. has changed C. was changing D. changes → [B] 解析：since 2020是现在完成时标志，表示从2020年到现在持续的变化。 3. The woman __________ be a teacher, but now she is a writer. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. got used to → [A] 解析："过去是老师，现在是作家"——古今对比，用used to。 4. —How long __________ you __________ this camera? —For about five years. A. have, bought B. did, buy C. have, had D. do, have → [C] 解析：How long + 时间段（for five years）需用延续性动词，buy→have（had是have的过去分词）。 5. The train __________. You'd better hurry up. A. has just left B. just left C. is just leaving D. just leaves → [A] 解析：强调"火车刚刚离开"这个结果对现在的影响（你需要快点），用现在完成时。just通常与现在完成时连用。 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 6. I __________ (buy) this computer last year. It __________ (work) well so far. → [bought / has worked] 解析：last year用一般过去时；so far是现在完成时标志。 7. She __________ (teach) in this school since she __________ (graduate) from university. → [has taught / graduated] 解析：since引导时间状语，主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时。 8. They __________ (not see) each other for ten years, but they still keep in touch. → [haven't seen] 解析：for ten years是现在完成时标志。 9. My father __________ (give) up smoking last year. He __________ (not smoke) since then. → [gave / hasn't smoked] 解析：last year用一般过去时；since then用现在完成时。 10. —__________ you __________ (read) the latest news about space exploration? —Yes. China __________ (send) three astronauts to the space station last month. → [Have, read / sent] 解析：问句强调"是否读过"的经历，用现在完成时；last month用一般过去时。 四、完形填空（每题2分，共10分） 素材来源：自编题，主题"移动支付改变生活方式"，贴近现实生活。 When my grandmother was young, she 11 to carry cash everywhere. If she wanted to buy something, she had to make sure she had enough money in her pocket. "I 12 my purse twice," she once told me. "That was terrible!" But today, everything is different. Mobile payment 13 our lives greatly. We can pay for things just by scanning a QR code with our phones. My grandmother 14 to use mobile payment now. "I have used it for two years," she says happily. "I don't have to worry about losing my money anymore." Technology 15 our world. And I believe it will continue to do so in the future. 11. A. has B. used C. had D. is used → [B] 解析：used to do表示"过去常常"，祖母年轻时习惯带现金。 12. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. am losing → [B] 解析：叙述过去的经历（丢了两次钱包），用一般过去时。 13. A. changed B. changes C. has changed D. is changing → [C] 解析：强调"移动支付已经大大改变了我们的生活"这个结果，用现在完成时。 14. A. used B. is used C. has used D. uses → [B] 解析：be used to doing表示"习惯于做某事"，to是介词，后接动名词。 15. A. is changing B. changed C. has changed D. will change → [A] 解析：结合后文"将继续改变"，表示"正在改变"，用现在进行时。 三、回环挑战题：跨讲综合运用（每题3分，共9分） 🧩 回环挑战：这几道题需要同时调用第1讲和第2讲的知识。如果你卡住了，回头看看第1讲的"延续性动词转化"和"used to do"内容。 11.第1讲知识回顾：My grandfather __________ (die) in 2020. He __________ (be dead) for six years. I miss him very much. → [died / has been dead] 解析：第一空in 2020是明确过去时间，用一般过去时died——这是第1讲"一般过去时标志词"知识。第二空for six years需用延续性动词，die→be dead——这是第1讲"四大转化组"知识。两句在同一语境中，考察你能否在"过去时"和"完成时"之间灵活切换。 12.第2讲新挑战：—Why do you look so tired? —Because I __________ (not sleep) well last night. I __________ (stay) up late to finish my report, and I __________ (just finish) it. → [didn't sleep / stayed / have just finished] 解析：第一空last night是明确过去时间，用一般过去时——第2讲"三步判断法"第一步。第二空与第一空并列，用一般过去时stayed。第三空just是现在完成时标志——第1讲标志词知识。此题需要你在同一句话中切换两种时态，体现"认知灵活性"的进化。 13.终极融合：My hometown __________ (change) a lot in the past ten years. It __________ (used to be) a small village, but now it __________ (become) a modern town. I __________ (leave) home in 2018, and I __________ (not be) back since then. When I __________ (see) the photos my mother sent me yesterday, I __________ (can) hardly believe my eyes. → [has changed / used to be / has become / left / haven't been / saw / could] 解析：in the past ten years→现在完成时；used to be→第1讲古今对比结构；now + become→现在完成时强调结果；in 2018→一般过去时；since then→现在完成时否定；yesterday→一般过去时。此题覆盖了本单元所有核心考点，需要你在一个完整语篇中根据7个时间线索做出7次时态判断——这是"知识进化"的终极检测。 五、书面表达（10分） 题目：Changes in My Hometown 要求： 1. 描述你的家乡过去和现在的变化 1. 使用现在完成时和used to do结构 1. 词数：80词左右 参考范文： Great changes have taken place in my hometown in recent years. In the past, the roads used to be narrow and dirty. There were no street lights, so people felt unsafe at night. But now, the government has built wide roads and installed bright lights. Many new buildings have appeared. What's more, a big park has been built near my home. People can enjoy walking and exercising there. I am proud of these changes. They have made my hometown a better place to live. 范文解析： 时态：have taken place（现在完成时），used to be（过去常常），has built / have appeared / has been built（现在完成时被动/主动） 结构：总起 → 具体变化（路+灯+建筑+公园）→ 感受 词汇亮点：narrow and dirty, feel unsafe, installed bright lights, a better place to live 易错提醒：注意"has been built"是被动语态（公园被建造），本单元不要求掌握被动语态，但可作拓展识别 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $