15练-2026年【暑假分层作业】人教版 必修三Unit4-夯实基础+能力提升

**基本信息** 该同步练习以“基础过关-能力提升”分层框架，通过词汇、短语、语法到语篇应用的递进设计，系统巩固Unit 4核心语言知识，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |词汇/短语/语法过关|单词变形、短语应用、基础语法|聚焦单一语言要素，如词汇派生（精神的→精神上地）、语法填空（非谓语动词），夯实语言基础| |能力提升（语法填空/完形/阅读）|语篇语法应用、上下文理解、信息获取|以太空探索情境为载体，如语法填空涉及商业航天，完形/阅读围绕航空经历与空间站，实现语言知识向综合能力转化|

第15练 Unit 4 Space Exploration (原卷版） 1. 【词汇过关】 1．________adj. 精神的; 思想的→________adv. 精神上; 思想上 2．________adj. 有智慧的; 聪明的; 有智力的→________n. 智力; 智慧 3．________n. 宇宙; 天地万物→________adj. 普遍的; 全体的; 全世界的→________adv. 全体地; 一致地 4．________vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→________adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的→________n. 决心; 果断; 坚定 5．________ vt. & vi. 传输; 发送→________ n. 传送; 传递 6．________adj. 独立的; 自立的→________adv. 独立地; 自立地→________n. 独立 7．________ adj. 当前的; 现在的 n. 水流; 电流; 思潮→________n. 通货; 货币; 流行→________ adv. 当前; 目前 8．________n. 地球; 世界; 地球仪→________adj. 全球的; 全世界的→________adv. 全球地 9．________vt. 分析→________n. (对事物的) 分析; 分析结果 10．________adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的→________adv. 经常; 定期地 11．________n. 神秘事物; 谜→________adj. 神秘的 12．________n. 缺乏; 短缺vt. 没有; 缺乏→________adj. 缺乏的; 不足的 2. 【短语和句式过关】 13．Some students focused on memorizing facts, with others __________ (弄明白) effective ways to solve complex problems independently. 14．It took them three hours, but they finally f_____________ _____________ (想出、理解) the puzzle. 15．Reducing unnecessary spending can help you ________ (培养好习惯) of saving money. 16．The school doesn’t ________ students ________ ________ (允许……做) dangerous sports without proper protection. 17．The government has signed several free trade agreements to ________________ (促进贸易) with neighboring countries. 18．To protect the environment, everyone should learn to ________ (合理利用资源) in their daily lives. 19．Parents should teach their children to __________ (养成好习惯) like turning off lights when leaving a room. 3. 【语法过关】 20．Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 21．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 22．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see) them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. 23．These sepals (萼片) open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. 24．Scientists are making great efforts (explore) the unknown universe. 25．Reading good books (regular) can enrich our knowledge and shape our character. 26．As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for something missing. 27．China became the third country in the world (send) humans into space. 28．Tickets for the show are (limit), so we have to book them in advance. 29．An (intelligence) mind alone cannot bring success without hard work. 4、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese actor Huang Jingyu is set to join the ranks of China’s first commercial space tourists, with a planned journey aboard the “CYZ1” spacecraft 30 (develop) by commercial spaceflight firm InterstellOr (穿越者), the company announced Friday. The mission, targeting 31 2028 launch, would mark the country’s first crewed commercial spaceflight. The “CYZ1” spacecraft represents China’s entry into the commercial human space travel market. InterstellOr, 32 was founded in January 2023, is China’s first company focused specifically 33 commercial manned space technology. The firm has already begun advance ticket sales, 34 (price) seats at 3 million yuan (US$430,797) each. A10 percent deposit secures a 35 (reserve). So far, more than 10 paying customers from fields including academia, business, aerospace, the arts, entertainment, and online media 36 (sign) agreements. Among them are Qiu Heng, CMO of robotics startup AgiBot, Li Licheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Liu Baiqi, CEO of rocket firm Galactic Energy, and actor Huang Jingyu. In a key milestone for China’s commercial space industry, InterstellOr 37 (announce) on January 18 the successful testing of the landing system for its CYZ1 prototype module. The achievement makes it the world’s third commercial aerospace company to 38 (independent) develop and validate (验证) this crucial technology for manned spacecraft. InterstellOr aims to complete development of a reusable suborbital manned spacecraft within three to four 39 (year) and begin offering commercial space tourism services across China and Asia around 2028. 5、【完形填空过关】I still remember my first flight, in 2002. It was magical. Working as a tour guide in Myanmar, I met a British balloon pilot who 40 to take me up. I don’t usually enjoy flying in planes, but this was 41 . Floating gently with the wind, it was 42 and picturesque. I fell in love with ballooning 43 . Growing up in Germany, I once thought I’d become a doctor. But a backpacking trip through China after high school 44 a passion for travel. After university, I led hiking trips across Asia and the UK. It was 45 work, but I loved every moment. That first balloon trip gave me a real 46 for what else life could offer. I started to get a real feel for flying, and soon I was 47 every day to become a pilot myself. It’s a special profession, so I was proud to become the UK’s first female hot-air balloon flight examiner. In 2010, I 48 the Women’s Balloon Event and ran it myself for the whole decade to encourage women and girls to 49 aviation (航空业). For over 17 years, I’ve piloted commercial balloon flights in 124 countries, and though it’s not an official Guinness record, it’s 50 in the international ballooning community. I’m now 51 a long expedition (探险) around Africa next year, hoping to reach 150 countries. I’ve 52 fixed-wing planes, and even helicopter lessons, but nothing 53 to ballooning. You don’t need special skills — just an adventurous spirit, and a deep 54 for the skies. 40．A．offered B．refused C．hesitated D．prepared 41．A．familiar B．ordinary C．different D．strange 42．A．frightening B．peaceful C．rough D．tense 43．A．unwillingly B．patiently C．unfortunately D．instantly 44．A．inspired B．expressed C．followed D．displayed 45．A．remarkable B．meaningful C．annoying D．hard 46．A．worry B．appreciation C．complaint D．excuse 47．A．training B．applying C．pretending D．begging 48．A．discovered B．founded C．joined D．visited 49．A．give out B．put off C．take up D．turn around 50．A．ignored B．criticized C．recognized D．announced 51．A．completing B．planning C．reminding D．conducting 52．A．invented B．rejected C．described D．tried 53．A．compares B．contributes C．sticks D．admits 54．A．understanding B．regret C．sympathy D．love 6、【阅读能力提升】When astronauts first step onto a commercial space station, the experience will be unlike anything they’ve met with before. They can find a warm room, a sleeping bed, and a large window for an amazing view of Earth. It is the promise of multiple private efforts to launch orbital habitats in the coming years. But the idea of luxury (奢华的) life in space can seem like a contrast. The International Space Station (ISS) is narrow, smelly and filled with dead skin cells. “The challenges of keeping a space station functional are very underappreciated,” says Jeff Nosanov, a former NASA proposal manager. He adds that the new stations will be really clean at first, but that’s not going to last long because people don’t bathe — they wash a bit, but it’s really survival living. Supported by NASA, four commercial space stations are being built to take the place of the ISS in the 2030s. The first one, Haven-1 from California-based company Vast, is set to launch early in 2027 as a successor to the ISS, followed by Starlab, Axiom Station and Orbital Reef by 2030. This transition from government-run to private space stations is changing what life in space can look like. “The ISS — though glorious — was based on 1980s and 1990s technology. Everything we’re building now is 2020s or 2030s technology,” Dylan Taylor, CEO of Voyager, says. When meeting NASA’s rules, all stations will orbit at around 250 miles above Earth and support 4 to 10 staff at a time. Stays will last weeks at first but could be months or even years in the future. Expected guests include space tourists, private researchers and government astronauts. With ticket prices nearing $100 million, the possible customer base is unlikely to be huge — maybe 1,000 people in the world who can afford that. 55．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 1? A．A warm room. B．The experience. C．The view of Earth. D．A commercial space station. 56．How does Jeff feel about life in the new stations? A．Satisfied. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Opposed. 57．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．New possibilities for life in orbit. B．NASA’s support for four stations. C．The commercial replacement plan for ISS. D．The process to build commercial stations. 58．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The chosen height is set for safety reasons. B．The long-stay plan may face a small market. C．The high price will limit guests to astronauts. D．The four stations can hold over 10 staff at a time. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第15练 Unit 4 Space Exploration (解析版） 1. 【词汇过关】 1．________adj. 精神的; 思想的→________adv. 精神上; 思想上 2．________adj. 有智慧的; 聪明的; 有智力的→________n. 智力; 智慧 3．________n. 宇宙; 天地万物→________adj. 普遍的; 全体的; 全世界的→________adv. 全体地; 一致地 4．________vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→________adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的→________n. 决心; 果断; 坚定 5．________ vt. & vi. 传输; 发送→________ n. 传送; 传递 6．________adj. 独立的; 自立的→________adv. 独立地; 自立地→________n. 独立 7．________ adj. 当前的; 现在的 n. 水流; 电流; 思潮→________n. 通货; 货币; 流行→________ adv. 当前; 目前 8．________n. 地球; 世界; 地球仪→________adj. 全球的; 全世界的→________adv. 全球地 9．________vt. 分析→________n. (对事物的) 分析; 分析结果 10．________adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的→________adv. 经常; 定期地 11．________n. 神秘事物; 谜→________adj. 神秘的 12．________n. 缺乏; 短缺vt. 没有; 缺乏→________adj. 缺乏的; 不足的 【答案】 1． mental mentally 2． intelligent intelligence 3． universe universal universally 4． determine determined determination 5． transmit transmission 6． independent independently independence 7． current currency currently 8． globe global globally 9． analyse analysis 10． regular regularly 11． mystery mysterious 12． lack lacking 【解析】略 2. 【短语和句式过关】 13．Some students focused on memorizing facts, with others __________ (弄明白) effective ways to solve complex problems independently. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】figuring out 【详解】句意：一些学生专注于记忆事实，而另一些则在独立弄明白解决复杂问题的有效方法。根据汉语提示“弄明白”可知，空处应填固定搭配figure out；在“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构中，others与figure out之间为主动关系，故用现在分词figuring out作宾补。 14．It took them three hours, but they finally f_____________ _____________ (想出、理解) the puzzle. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】 figured out 【详解】句意：他们花了三个小时，不过最终还是弄懂了这道谜题。根据首字母f和汉语提示“想出、理解”，符合要求的固定短语是 figure out；句子前半部分谓语动词took是过去式，说明动作发生在过去，整句时态为一般过去时，因此动词figure需要变为过去式figured。 15．Reducing unnecessary spending can help you ________ (培养好习惯) of saving money. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】cultivate good habits 【详解】句意：减少不必要的开支有助于你养成良好的储蓄习惯。“培养”可用动词cultivate，“好习惯”可用名词短语good habits，且句中用help sb. (to) do表示“帮助某人做某事”，因此可用cultivate的原形。 16．The school doesn’t ________ students ________ ________ (允许……做) dangerous sports without proper protection. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 allow to do 【详解】句意：学校不允许学生在没有合适保护的情况下进行危险运动。表示“允许……做”用allow ... to do，allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语，句子中已经有助动词doesn’t构成否定，因此谓语动词allow用原形。 17．The government has signed several free trade agreements to ________________ (促进贸易) with neighboring countries. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】promote trade 【详解】句意：政府已签署多项自由贸易协定，以促进与邻国的贸易。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“促进贸易” 应用promote trade，此处为不定式作目的状语，to后接动词原形。 18．To protect the environment, everyone should learn to ________ (合理利用资源) in their daily lives. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】use resources properly 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，每个人都应该学会在日常生活中合理利用资源。表示“利用”可用动词use，空处在动词不定式to之后，用动词原形；表示“资源”用resource（常用复数形式），作动词use的宾语；表示“合理地”可用副词properly，修饰动词use。 19．Parents should teach their children to __________ (养成好习惯) like turning off lights when leaving a room. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】form good habits/develop good habits 【详解】句意：父母应该教孩子养成好习惯，比如离开房间时关灯。表示“养成好习惯”，应用动词短语“form good habits”或“develop good habits”，在句中与“to”构成不定式结构，动词form/develop用原形。 3、语法填空 20．Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to improve 【详解】句意：玉米种植量上涨的另一原因：政府鼓励农民改种玉米而非水稻，以此改善水质。玉米耗水量比水稻更少，化肥流失量也更低。已有谓语动词encourages，此处表达政府鼓励改种玉米的目的是改善水质，用不定式to improve作目的状语。 21．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to see dying 【详解】句意：根据一篇医学期刊上的证据综述，跑步者比不跑步的人多活三年。你不需要跑得很快或跑很长时间才能看到这种益处。即使你喝酒、吸烟、超重，跑步仍然可以降低你过早死亡的风险。第一空用不定式to see作目的状语， 表示“要见到这个益处，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”；第二空作介词of的宾语，用动词die的动名词形式dying。 22．Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up (see) them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to see 【详解】句意：埃里克稍晚一些醒来，听到外面有孩子在玩耍。他搬了一把椅子放到阳台上，爬上去想看孩子们。他往下张望时，脚下一滑，从阳台边缘摔了下去。他抓着边缘坚持了几分钟，大声呼喊父亲，可父亲并没有听见。句中的pushed与climbed up由and连接，作并列谓语，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，此处表示埃里克爬上阳台的目的，使用动词不定式to see作目的状语。 23．These sepals (萼片) open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 to give closed 【详解】句意：这些萼片会在温暖天气张开，为内部植株输送阳光与新鲜空气。该建筑设计拥有十片由玻璃和铝制成的钢制“萼片”。气温较低时，整体结构保持闭合，以此保护植物。第一空用不定式to give作目的状语，表示萼片在温暖天气张开的目的，是为了给内部阳光空气；stays“保持”是系动词，填形容词closed“关闭的”作表语，表示结构保持关闭的状态。 24．Scientists are making great efforts (explore) the unknown universe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explore 【详解】句意：科学家们正在努力探索未知的宇宙。make efforts to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，此处不定式作目的状语。 25．Reading good books (regular) can enrich our knowledge and shape our character. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】regularly 【详解】句意：经常阅读好书能够丰富我们的知识、塑造我们的品格。 空格修饰动名词短语Reading good books，要用副词。所给词regular是形容词，副词形式为regularly，意为“定期地，经常”。 26．As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for something missing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】句意：因此，人们会吃更多的食物来弥补缺失的东西。as a result为固定搭配，意为“作为结果”。 27．China became the third country in the world (send) humans into space. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to send 【详解】句意：中国成为世界上第三个将人类送入太空的国家。设空处修饰名词country作后置定语，并且名词前有序数词the third修饰，应用不定式。 28．Tickets for the show are (limit), so we have to book them in advance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】limited 【详解】句意：这场演出的票数有限，所以我们必须提前预订。空格位于系动词are之后，需要填入形容词作表语，说明主语Tickets的属性。limited意为“有限的”。 29．An (intelligence) mind alone cannot bring success without hard work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intelligent 【详解】句意：不付出努力，单凭聪明的头脑是无法取得成功的。空格位于不定冠词An之后，需要修饰名词mind，因此必须填入形容词形式作定语。intelligence是名词，意为“智力、智慧”，对应的形容词形式为intelligent，意为“聪明的、有才智的”。 4、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese actor Huang Jingyu is set to join the ranks of China’s first commercial space tourists, with a planned journey aboard the “CYZ1” spacecraft 30 (develop) by commercial spaceflight firm InterstellOr (穿越者), the company announced Friday. The mission, targeting 31 2028 launch, would mark the country’s first crewed commercial spaceflight. The “CYZ1” spacecraft represents China’s entry into the commercial human space travel market. InterstellOr, 32 was founded in January 2023, is China’s first company focused specifically 33 commercial manned space technology. The firm has already begun advance ticket sales, 34 (price) seats at 3 million yuan (US$430,797) each. A10 percent deposit secures a 35 (reserve). So far, more than 10 paying customers from fields including academia, business, aerospace, the arts, entertainment, and online media 36 (sign) agreements. Among them are Qiu Heng, CMO of robotics startup AgiBot, Li Licheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Liu Baiqi, CEO of rocket firm Galactic Energy, and actor Huang Jingyu. In a key milestone for China’s commercial space industry, InterstellOr 37 (announce) on January 18 the successful testing of the landing system for its CYZ1 prototype module. The achievement makes it the world’s third commercial aerospace company to 38 (independent) develop and validate (验证) this crucial technology for manned spacecraft. InterstellOr aims to complete development of a reusable suborbital manned spacecraft within three to four 39 (year) and begin offering commercial space tourism services across China and Asia around 2028. 【答案】 30．developed 31．a 32．which 33．on 34．pricing 35．reservation 36．have signed 37．announced 38．independently 39．years 【导语】商业航天企业穿越者宣布演员黄景瑜将参与2028年载人商业航天飞行，该公司开售太空船票，完成着陆系统测试，计划三四年内推出可重复使用载人飞船。 【详解】30．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司周五宣布，中国演员黄景瑜即将成为中国首批商业太空游客之一，计划搭乘商业航天企业穿越者研发的“CYZ1”飞船升空。此处为非谓语，spacecraft与develop为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。 31．考查冠词。句意：此次任务计划2028年发射，将成为中国首次载人商业航天飞行。此处泛指“一次2028年的发射计划”，2028为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 32．考查定语从句。句意：穿越者公司成立于2023年1月，是国内首家专门深耕商业载人航天技术的企业。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词InterstellOr，指企业（事物），在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 33．考查介词。句意：穿越者公司成立于2023年1月，是国内首家专门深耕商业载人航天技术的企业。此处考查固定搭配focus on，意为“专注于”。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：这家企业已经开启预售，每张座位定价300万元人民币（折合430797美元）。此处为非谓语，主句主语The firm与price为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作伴随状语。 35．考查名词。句意：支付10%的定金即可完成预订。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，reserve的名词形式reservation，意为“预订”。 36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：截至目前，已有十余位来自学术界、商界、航天、文艺、影视、新媒体等领域的付费客户签署协议。这里考查谓语动词，主语more than 10 paying customers与sign为主动关系，So far是现在完成时标志，主语为复数，所以谓语动词sign用have signed。 37．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对中国商业航天行业而言这是重要里程碑，穿越者公司于1月18日宣布其CYZ1原型舱着陆系统测试成功。这里考查谓语动词，主语InterstellOr与announce为主动关系，on January 18为过去时间，应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词announce用过去式announced。 38．考查副词。句意：这项成果让它成为全球第三家可独立研发并验证载人航天器这项关键技术的商业航天企业。修饰动词develop，需用副词，independent的副词形式independently。 39．考查名词复数。句意：穿越者计划三至四年内完成可重复使用亚轨道载人飞船的研发，并在2028年左右面向全中国及亚洲推出商业太空旅游服务。three to four后接可数名词复数，year复数为years。 5、完形填空 I still remember my first flight, in 2002. It was magical. Working as a tour guide in Myanmar, I met a British balloon pilot who 40 to take me up. I don’t usually enjoy flying in planes, but this was 41 . Floating gently with the wind, it was 42 and picturesque. I fell in love with ballooning 43 . Growing up in Germany, I once thought I’d become a doctor. But a backpacking trip through China after high school 44 a passion for travel. After university, I led hiking trips across Asia and the UK. It was 45 work, but I loved every moment. That first balloon trip gave me a real 46 for what else life could offer. I started to get a real feel for flying, and soon I was 47 every day to become a pilot myself. It’s a special profession, so I was proud to become the UK’s first female hot-air balloon flight examiner. In 2010, I 48 the Women’s Balloon Event and ran it myself for the whole decade to encourage women and girls to 49 aviation (航空业). For over 17 years, I’ve piloted commercial balloon flights in 124 countries, and though it’s not an official Guinness record, it’s 50 in the international ballooning community. I’m now 51 a long expedition (探险) around Africa next year, hoping to reach 150 countries. I’ve 52 fixed-wing planes, and even helicopter lessons, but nothing 53 to ballooning. You don’t need special skills — just an adventurous spirit, and a deep 54 for the skies. 40．A．offered B．refused C．hesitated D．prepared 41．A．familiar B．ordinary C．different D．strange 42．A．frightening B．peaceful C．rough D．tense 43．A．unwillingly B．patiently C．unfortunately D．instantly 44．A．inspired B．expressed C．followed D．displayed 45．A．remarkable B．meaningful C．annoying D．hard 46．A．worry B．appreciation C．complaint D．excuse 47．A．training B．applying C．pretending D．begging 48．A．discovered B．founded C．joined D．visited 49．A．give out B．put off C．take up D．turn around 50．A．ignored B．criticized C．recognized D．announced 51．A．completing B．planning C．reminding D．conducting 52．A．invented B．rejected C．described D．tried 53．A．compares B．contributes C．sticks D．admits 54．A．understanding B．regret C．sympathy D．love 【答案】 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．D 46．B 47．A 48．B 49．C 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．D 【导语】文章讲述了作者2002年第一次乘坐热气球的难忘经历，介绍了自己从热爱旅行到立志成为热气球飞行员的职业转变，以及多年来在全球多国开展热气球飞行、推动女性参与航空事业的经历。 【详解】40．考查动词。句意：在缅甸担任导游时，我遇到一位英国热气球飞行员，他主动提出带我升空。A. offered主动提出；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. prepared准备。根据下文“I don’t usually enjoy flying in planes, but this was ”可知，作者成功乘坐了热气球，由此可知飞行员主动提出带作者飞行。 41．考查形容词。句意：我通常不喜欢坐飞机，但这次截然不同。A. familiar熟悉的；B. ordinary普通的；C. different不同的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“I don’t usually enjoy flying in planes”和下文“I fell in love with ballooning”可知，作者不喜欢坐飞机，却爱上了热气球飞行，说明此次体验和以往坐飞机的感受完全不同。 42．考查形容词。句意：随风缓缓漂浮，氛围宁静又风景如画。A. frightening令人恐惧的；B. peaceful平静的；C. rough粗糙的；D. tense紧张的。根据上文“Floating gently with the wind”可知，热气球随风缓慢漂浮，飞行状态舒缓宁静。 43．考查副词。句意：我立刻就爱上了热气球飞行。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. patiently耐心地；C. unfortunately不幸地；D. instantly立刻。根据上文“Floating gently with the wind, it was and picturesque”可知，这次热气球飞行体验十分美好，作者当即就爱上了这项活动。 44．考查动词。句意：但高中毕业后的一次中国背包旅行激发了我对旅行的热爱。A. inspired激发；B. expressed表达；C. followed跟随；D. displayed展示。根据上文“Growing up in Germany, I once thought I’d become a doctor. But...After university, I led hiking trips across Asia and the UK.”可知，作者原本认为自己会成为一名医生，大学毕业后又从事徒步带队工作，由此可知这次背包旅行唤起了作者对旅行的热情。 45．考查形容词。句意：这份工作很辛苦，但我热爱其中的每一刻。A. remarkable卓越的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. annoying令人恼怒的；D. hard辛苦的。根据下文“but I loved every moment”可知，前后语义存在转折，可知这份工作并不轻松。 46．考查名词。句意：第一次热气球旅行让我真切意识到生活还能有其他可能。A. worry担忧；B. appreciation认识，理解；C. complaint抱怨；D. excuse借口。根据下文“soon I was every day to become a pilot myself”可知，这次经历让作者萌生了当飞行员的想法，领悟到了生活的其他选择。 47．考查动词。句意：我开始真切感受飞行，很快便每天训练，立志成为一名飞行员。A. training训练；B. applying申请；C. pretending假装；D. begging乞求。根据下文“to become a pilot”可知，作者通过日常训练来实现目标。 48．考查动词。句意：2010年，我创办了女子热气球赛事，并亲自运营了整整十年旨在鼓励女性和女孩投身航空业。A. discovered发现；B. founded创办；C. joined加入；D. visited参观。根据下文“ran it myself for the whole decade”可知，作者亲自运营该赛事长达十年，说明这项赛事由作者创立。 49．考查动词短语。句意：2010年，我创办了女子热气球赛事，并亲自运营了整整十年旨在鼓励女性和女孩投身航空业。A. give out分发；B. put off推迟；C. take up开始从事；D. turn around转身。根据上文“In 2010, I the Women’s Balloon Event...to encourage women and girls”可知，作者创办女子热气球赛事，目的是鼓励女性参与航空相关事业。 50．考查动词。句意：17年来，我已在124个国家驾驶商业热气球完成飞行；尽管这并非官方吉尼斯纪录，但在国际热气球界得到了公认。A. ignored忽视；B. criticized批评；C. recognized认可；D. announced宣布。根据上文“though it’s not an official Guinness record”可知，前后语义存在转折，说明虽无官方认证，但在行业内得到承认。 51．考查动词。句意：我目前正计划明年开启一场环绕非洲的长途探险，希望能抵达150个国家。A. completing完成；B. planning计划；C. reminding提醒；D. conducting实施。根据下文“next year”可知，此次非洲探险尚未开展，还处于筹备规划阶段。 52．考查动词。句意：我尝试过固定翼飞机，甚至学习过直升机课程，但没有任何事物能比得上热气球飞行。A. invented发明；B. rejected拒绝；C. described描述；D. tried尝试。根据下文“but nothing to ballooning”可知，作者将其他飞行方式与热气球飞行进行对比，说明作者体验过多种飞行方式。 53．考查动词。句意：我尝试过固定翼飞机，甚至学习过直升机课程，但没有任何事物能比得上热气球飞行。A. compares比得上；B. contributes贡献；C. sticks粘贴；D. admits承认。根据上文“I’ve fixed-wing planes, and even helicopter lessons”和转折词but可知，其他飞行方式都无法和热气球飞行媲美。 54．考查名词。句意：你无需特殊技能——只需一颗冒险之心，以及对天空深深的热爱。A. understanding理解；B. regret遗憾；C. sympathy同情；D. love热爱。根据上文“I fell in love with ballooning”以及“get a real feel for flying”可知，作者坚持的核心源于对天空的喜爱。 6、阅读理解 When astronauts first step onto a commercial space station, the experience will be unlike anything they’ve met with before. They can find a warm room, a sleeping bed, and a large window for an amazing view of Earth. It is the promise of multiple private efforts to launch orbital habitats in the coming years. But the idea of luxury (奢华的) life in space can seem like a contrast. The International Space Station (ISS) is narrow, smelly and filled with dead skin cells. “The challenges of keeping a space station functional are very underappreciated,” says Jeff Nosanov, a former NASA proposal manager. He adds that the new stations will be really clean at first, but that’s not going to last long because people don’t bathe — they wash a bit, but it’s really survival living. Supported by NASA, four commercial space stations are being built to take the place of the ISS in the 2030s. The first one, Haven-1 from California-based company Vast, is set to launch early in 2027 as a successor to the ISS, followed by Starlab, Axiom Station and Orbital Reef by 2030. This transition from government-run to private space stations is changing what life in space can look like. “The ISS — though glorious — was based on 1980s and 1990s technology. Everything we’re building now is 2020s or 2030s technology,” Dylan Taylor, CEO of Voyager, says. When meeting NASA’s rules, all stations will orbit at around 250 miles above Earth and support 4 to 10 staff at a time. Stays will last weeks at first but could be months or even years in the future. Expected guests include space tourists, private researchers and government astronauts. With ticket prices nearing $100 million, the possible customer base is unlikely to be huge — maybe 1,000 people in the world who can afford that. 55．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 1? A．A warm room. B．The experience. C．The view of Earth. D．A commercial space station. 56．How does Jeff feel about life in the new stations? A．Satisfied. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Opposed. 57．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．New possibilities for life in orbit. B．NASA’s support for four stations. C．The commercial replacement plan for ISS. D．The process to build commercial stations. 58．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The chosen height is set for safety reasons. B．The long-stay plan may face a small market. C．The high price will limit guests to astronauts. D．The four stations can hold over 10 staff at a time. 【答案】55．B 56．C 57．C 58．B 【导语】文章介绍了未来商业空间站相比国际空间站（ISS）居住体验大幅升级，同时指出太空居住仍存在卫生难题；NASA扶持的四座商业空间站将在21世纪30年代接替ISS，新一代空间站采用前沿技术革新太空生活面貌，最后说明空间站运行参数、驻留时长与访客群体，高昂票价导致受众群体规模有限。 【详解】55．词句猜测题。根据第一段“When astronauts first step onto a commercial space station, the experience will be unlike anything they’ve met with before. They can find a warm room, a sleeping bed, and a large window for an amazing view of Earth.(当宇航员首次踏入商业空间站时，这段体验将不同于他们以往经历的任何事情。站内配有温暖的房间、床铺，还有一扇大窗可以俯瞰地球令人惊叹的景色。)”可知，前文讲述宇航员登上商业空间站的全新体验以及站内配套环境，“It”指代前文登上商业空间站这件事带来的整体体验。 56．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘The challenges of keeping a space station functional are very underappreciated,’ says Jeff Nosanov, a former NASA proposal manager. He adds that the new stations will be really clean at first, but that’s not going to last long because people don’t bathe — they wash a bit, but it’s really survival living.(前美国国家航空航天局项目提案主管Jeff Nosanov表示：‘维持空间站正常运转所要面临的各类难题，一直被人们严重低估。’他补充道，新空间站起初会十分整洁，但这种状态维持不了多久，因为人们无法泡澡，只能简单擦拭身体，太空生活仅仅是勉强生存而已。)”可知，Jeff对新空间站的居住体验持怀疑态度。 57．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Supported by NASA, four commercial space stations are being built to take the place of the ISS in the 2030s. The first one, Haven-1 from California-based company Vast, is set to launch early in 2027 as a successor to the ISS, followed by Starlab, Axiom Station and Orbital Reef by 2030. This transition from government-run to private space stations is changing what life in space can look like. ‘The ISS — though glorious — was based on 1980s and 1990s technology. Everything we’re building now is 2020s or 2030s technology,’ Dylan Taylor, CEO of Voyager, says.(在美国国家航空航天局的支持下，四座商业空间站正在建造，计划在21世纪30年代接替国际空间站。首个项目是加州企业Vast研发的Haven-1空间站，计划于2027年初发射，作为国际空间站的接替设施；Starlab、Axiom Station与Orbital Reef三座空间站也将在2030年前陆续完工发射。这场从政府运营空间站向私人商业空间站的转型，正在重塑太空生活的面貌。Voyager公司首席执行官Dylan Taylor说道：‘国际空间站虽然成就斐然，但依托的是上世纪八九十年代的技术，而我们如今打造的所有设施，都采用21世纪20至30年代的技术。’)”可知，整段围绕商业空间站接替ISS的整体规划展开。 58．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With ticket prices nearing $100 million, the possible customer base is unlikely to be huge — maybe 1,000 people in the world who can afford that.(票价接近1亿美元，潜在客户群体规模不会很大，全球仅有约1000人具备消费能力。)”可知，全球仅有约一千人具备消费能力，说明长期驻留项目面临狭小的受众市场。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $