第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力 1. 能够运用现在完成时描述过去与现在的变化； 2. 能够听懂并谈论交通、医疗、教育、休闲方式等话题； 3. 能够用英语进行事实与观点的区分表达。 文化意识 1. 了解中国在基础设施、科技、教育等方面的巨大进步； 2. 增强民族自豪感，树立积极面对变化、追求美好生活的态度。 思维品质 1. 能够区分事实与观点，培养批判性思维； 2. 能够运用“总结”阅读策略，提炼文本主旨与重要细节。 学习能力 1. 能够自主搜集并整理身边变化的资料； 2. 能够通过小组合作完成项目式学习（如制作海报）。 学习重点 1.在完成时（have/has done）表过去动作对现在的影响； 2. It is + adj. + to do 结构。 3.用简洁语言概括文本主旨和要点。 4.描述过去与现在的变化，谈论休闲活动，表达个人观点。 学习难点 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分； 2. already / just / yet 在现在完成时中的位置与用法。 3.理解“变化”不只是物质层面的，也包括人际关系、生活方式、价值观念的变化，并表达自己的态度。 一、教材短语梳理 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1._______________________生活条件 2._______________________休闲活动 3._______________________医疗 4._______________________过去常常 5._______________________免费的 6._______________________在过去 7._______________________与…取得联系 8._______________________关于…产生变化 9._______________________住在乡 10._______________________发生；进行 11._______________________搬到这里 12._______________________顺便问一下 13._______________________习惯于做… 14._______________________高兴做… 15._______________________四处走动；逛一逛 16._______________________忙于… 17._______________________体育中心 18._______________________长大成人 19._______________________玩捉迷藏 20._______________________看露天电影 21._______________________听广播 22._______________________下棋或打牌 23._______________________上网 24._______________________玩得开心 25._______________________谈论 26._______________________和父母同住 27._______________________吃饭 28._______________________独自居住 29._______________________有时间吃早饭 30._______________________不得不说 31._______________________去实体店购物 32._______________________网上购物. 33._______________________选择 34._______________________发生 35._______________________上网课 36._______________________高铁 37._______________________医疗；医疗卫生 38._______________________取得巨大进步 39._______________________自改革开放以来 40._______________________世界第二大经济体 41._______________________将…送入… 42._______________________ 在…中发挥越来越重要的作用 43._______________________维护世界和平 44._______________________与…做斗争 45._______________________自然灾害 46._______________________以…为例 47._______________________很长时间 48._______________________挤进… 49._______________________待在家 50._______________________休闲活动 51._______________________成片现代化公寓 52._______________________地铁线路 53._______________________和某人聊天 54._______________________现得开心 55._______________________在那时 56._______________________无论如何 57._______________________跟上；与时俱进 58._______________________一片；一组；一群 59._______________________一套… 60._______________________在当今的世界 61._______________________闲暇时间 62._______________________随着…的改善 63.____________________在某方面取得巨大成就 64._______________________建立一个体育中心 65._______________________关闭 66._______________________变成 67._______________________使某人想起… 68._______________________好几天 69._______________________从某处返回 70._______________________指有计划.有安排的发生 71._______________________想要做.. 72._______________________留在导人的心底 73._______________________面对挑战 74._______________________不再 75._______________________感到熟悉 76._______________________遍及全世界 77._______________________露天电影 78._______________________下象棋 79._______________________在某人的日常生活中 80._______________________与…不同 81._______________________航模社团 82._______________________过去常常做… 83._______________________随着社会发展 84._______________________看露天电脑 85._______________________各个年龄段 86._______________________觉得某事令人难忘 87._______________________闲逛 88._______________________野餐 89._______________________划船 90._______________________有更多选择… 91._______________________支付得起. 92._______________________远离 93._______________________在周末 94._______________________自驾游 95._______________________开私家车 96._______________________出国 97._______________________持续做某事 98._______________________因.…而闻名. 99._______________________站在…上面 100._______________________看日出 101._______________________沿着…走；顺着…走 102._______________________无论什么 103._______________________关心；在乎 104._______________________高速铁路 105._______________________沿途；旅途途中 106._______________________互相交流，沟通 107._______________________信息时代 108._______________________ 和某人完整交谈一番 109._______________________有点 110._______________________发消息；传递信息 111._______________________分享想法与感受 112._______________________与…联系；和…沟通 113._______________________通过多种不同方式 114._______________________更糟糕的是. 115._______________________接收虚假信息 116._______________________代替；而不是 二、重点知识讲解 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【典例】 1．Many young people ________ work in big cities, but now more of them ________ back to live and work here. A．used to; have come B．were used to; came C．used to; came D．were used to; have come 【即练1】 2．My uncle ________ have a cigarette after a meal, but now he ________ taking a walk. A．used to; used to B．used to; is used to C．is used to; used to D．was used to; used to 【即练2】 3．The young astronaut ________ be afraid of heights, but now she trains every day for spacewalks. A．used to B．use to C．is used to D．was used to 2.In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【典例】 1．She ________ an expensive present, but she didn’t ________. A．received; received B．received; accept C．accepted; received 【即练1】 2．—Excuse me, can you post my new ID card to me? —Sure. You’d better sign in person when you ________ it. A．record B．offer C．receive D．mention 【即练2】 3．—Did you ________ the package that was sent all the way from Hefei, Anhui Province yesterday morning? —Yes, I did receive it, but I finally decided not to ________ it because I had never ordered anything online from that city. A．receive; accept B．accept; receive C．receive; receive D．accept; accept 3. Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围) choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【典例】 1．I missed the last bus and ________ but to walk back. A．made sure B．came to life C．had no choice D．took place 【即练1】 2．The King of Qin was furious, he had no choice but ________ Lin free. A．set B．setting C．to set D．sets 【即练2】 3．A falling tree was ________ our way. We had no ________ but to wait for help in our car. A．on；choice B．in；choice C．in；choose D．on；choose 4.What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？ →We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 【典例】 1．My father wants to know how the town ________ since his last trip. A．changed B．changes C．has changed D．will change 【即练1】 2．The internet has _________ the way we access knowledge. A．change B．changing C．changed D．to change 【即练2】 3．People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing 5.How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？ →Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【典例】 1．— How about going for a picnic this Saturday? — ________ The weather report says it will be sunny. A．Good idea! B．Never mind. C．I don’t think so. D．It’s my pleasure. 【即练1】 2．—Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves? —__________That will give her a big surprise. A．Sounds great! B．Never mind. C．It's a pity. D．You're welcome. 【即练2】 3．—Why don't you ________ to the park now? —Good idea! Let's go. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 6.Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【典例】 1．The meeting is going to ________ next week, and we will use advanced digital technology to ________ of traditional methods to make communication more interactive and effective. A．take place; take place B．take place; take the place C．take the place; take place D．take the place; take the place 【即练1】 2．Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A．took place B．have taken place C．have been taken place D．will take place 【即练2】 3．I ________ meet my old classmate on my way home last Sunday. A．happened to B．happen to C．was happened to D．happened doing 7.China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【典例】 1．—Robots are playing a more and more important role in our daily lives.     —________. They will be part of our lives in the future. A．I’m afraid not B．It doesn’t matter C．That’s not the case D．I couldn’t agree more 【即练1】 2．—Emma, many people are talking about a TV drama. Do you know __________ about it? —Yes, it’s about a story of a police officer’s fight __________ bad people. A．something; for B．anything; for C．something; against D．anything; against 【即练2】 3．—My foreign friend kept refusing when I offered him tea again and again. I thought he didn’t like it. —Actually, it’s common in his country. It’s just ________. A． public warnings B．cultural differences C．body language D．natural disasters 8.People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【典例】 1．My sister enjoys _________ to music in her free time. A．listen B．listens C．listening D．to listen 【即练1】 2．After finishing the final exams, the students went to the amusement park to enjoy ________. A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．themselves 【即练2】 3．—Everyone enjoyed ________ at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Expo in Osaka. —Yes, it was so exciting! A．yourselves B．ourselves C．themselves 9.By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【典例】 1．—Where are Lucy and Linda? —They ________ a restaurant for lunch. They will be back in fifteen minutes. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in 【即练1】 2．—Have you ever ________ the nursing home to help the old people? —Yes. I ________ there to teach them how to use smartphones last Sunday. A．been to; went B．gone to; went C．been to; have gone D．gone to; have been 【即练2】 3．Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum (扬州中国大运河博物馆) ________ to the public for more than 4 years, and I ________ there many times to admire its cultural relics. A．has been open; have gone B．has opened; have gone C．has been open; have been D．has opened; have been 10.Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 【典例】 1．She considered ________ the job offer before making a final decision. A．accept B．to accept C．accepting D．accepted 【即练1】 2．The fridge doesn’t work. Why not consider ________ a new one. A．to buy B．bought C．buying 【即练2】 3．My good friend Bob is considered ________ of all the students in his class. A．hardworking B．more hardworking C．most hardworking D．the most hardworking 11.Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【典例】 1．We can’t afford ________ on vacation this year. A．go B．to going C．going D．to go 【即练1】 2．The charity has no choice but ________ free treatment for those who can’t ________ the cost. A．provide; afford B．to provide; afford C．providing; to afford D．to provide; to afford 【即练2】 3．At last, the poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 12.But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【典例】 1．After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to ________ others. A．care about B．take care C．talk about D．talk for 【即练1】 2．Please ________ these books while I join in the after-school activity. A．take care B．take care of C．be careful D．care about 【即练2】 3．Don’t ______ your son. He is old enough to take good care of himself. A．think about B．talk about C．worry about D．care about 13.The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed since its opening-up. 高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。 since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【典例】 1．—________ nicknames (绰号) are seen as a form of showing no respect for others, next time you want to call someone by his/her nickname, weigh (权衡) it before you do. —No wonder Tom doesn’t talk with me, ________ he is always angry with me. I won’t call his nickname any more. A．Because of; for B．Because; since C．As; because of D．Since; for 【即练1】 2．—Have you heard about the new smart robot that can do housework?   —Yes. It ________ a lot of attention since it was first shown to the public. A．attracts B．attracted C．has attracted D．was attracting 【即练2】 3．—________ has the Asian Elephant Nature Reserve existed in southern Yunnan? — Since the 1980s. A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How deep 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．The Silk Road developed the economy ________ (great). 2．The ________ (govern) tries its best to solve the water shortage. 3．It used ________ (take) us five hours to reach the town, but now it only takes one hour. 4．I ________ (be) to the new library many times, and I love digital books there. 5．—Where is Li Hua? —He ________ (go) to sell farm products online. He ________ (be) away for four hours. 6．The government ________ (build) three new tourist attractions so far. 7．Great changes ________ (take) place here over the past ten years. 8．They ________ (be) in this village for 20 years. 9．I ________ (never eat) western breakfast before. 10．I ________ (not eat) breakfast this morning. 二、单项选择 11．________ it rained heavily, we still went to school on time. A．But B．Although C．So D．Because 12．Many students ________ greatly from online learning in recent years. A．benefit B．have benefited C．benefited D．will benefit 13．My father ________ walk to work, but now he drives his car. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．use to 14．The Mombasa-Nairobi railway ________ the travel time from 10 hours to about four hours. A．cuts B．has cut C．cut D．was cutting 15．I ________ my primary school since I moved to the new neighbourhood. A．didn’t visit B．haven’t visited C．don’t visit D．wasn’t visiting 16．The environment is getting better. It ________ local lives a lot. A．has improved B．improved C．improves D．was improving 17．We didn’t have any good places for shopping ________ 10 years ago. A．since B．for C．until D．by 18．—________ have you lived in this new house? —Since last year. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 19．—How long have you ________ your grandpa? —For about 20 years. He ________ a good friend of my family. A．known; became B．known; has become C．know; became D．knew; has become 20．The hills ________ with sand, but now they ________ with trees. A．used to cover; are covered B．were used to covering; are covered C．used to be covered; are covered D．were used to be covered; covered 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Li Rui’s hometown has changed a lot over the last 20 years. Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have 21 back to live and work here. The environment has also improved greatly. There 22 to be sandstorms all the time, and the farmland was getting smaller and smaller. Then, the villagers found a small bush. It had long roots that could 23 the soil together. They began planting it in sandy areas, with the government’s 24 . Now, there are fewer sandstorms and the environment is getting better. The new highway and railway have 25 a lot. The village has become a tourist attraction. People can now sell local 26 to tourists. They also sell products online to people all over China. These changes have greatly improved people’s lives. They now have new houses. And the village has just built a new 27 and a library. The villagers are building a new socialist village 28 . Li Rui feels very 29 about these changes. She believes that with hard work and the government’s support, her hometown will become 30 better in the future. 21．A．come B．came C．coming D．comes 22．A．use B．used C．is used D．was used 23．A．hold B．keep C．take D．bring 24．A．help B．support C．money D．advice 25．A．helped B．changed C．built D．opened 26．A．food B．products C．fruits D．vegetables 27．A．school B．hospital C．shop D．station 28．A．together B．alone C．again D．still 29．A．sad B．worried C．proud D．surprised 30．A．more B．much C．very D．quite 四、阅读理解 Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes, we’ve changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 31．What did many young people use to do? A．They used to work in big cities. B．They used to study abroad. C．They used to travel around. D．They used to stay at home. 32．How has Ms Wu changed the way she farms? A．She now grows fewer vegetables. B．She now has large, high-tech greenhouses. C．She now only sells at the local market. D．She now works in a big city. 33．What has helped the village develop? A．The new airport. B．The new highway and railway. C．The new school. D．The new factory. 34．What new buildings has the village built? A．A supermarket and a cinema. B．A hospital and a library. C．A school and a park. D．A hotel and a restaurant. 35．What is the village building together? A．A modern city. B．A new socialist village. C．A big factory. D．A famous school. B Great changes have taken place in Li Rui’s hometown over the past 20 years. Twenty years ago, the environment there was really difficult. Heavy sandstorms hit the village every spring. There was serious farmland shortage, and people faced a lack of high-tech farming tools. All hills were covered with sand, with few bushes or trees. Villagers used to work by hand on small pieces of farmland. They could not grow enough corn to support their families, so many young people used to leave for big capitals to make money. Later, the local government gave strong support to the village. Villagers found a special kind of bush. Its thick roots could hold the soil together to stop sand from blowing away. With the government’s help, they began to plant this bush on all sandy land. They have planted thousands of bushes and trees since then. Now everything turns better. The corn fields become much larger. There are far fewer sandstorms. The hills are covered with green plants. Villagers use modern machines to work on farmland. Lots of young people have come back to work at home. Li Rui has shown George around the new hometown twice, and they both feel surprised at these amazing changes. 36．What was NOT a problem in Li Rui’s hometown long ago? A．Terrible sandstorms. B．Not enough farmland. C．No modern farming technology. D．Too much rain every year. 37．How did farmers grow corn in the past? A．By using high-tech machines. B．By hand. C．With lorries. D．In big greenhouses. 38．What can the roots of the bush do? A．Produce more corn. B．Hold soil and stop sandstorms. C．Build new roads. D．Sell farm products. 39．Why did young people use to leave their village? A．The living condition was too bad. B．They wanted to watch the Olympics. C．They hated planting bushes. D．The government asked them to leave. 40．How many times has Li Rui taken George to visit the hometown? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Never. 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文 when, good, begin, hundred, lot, look, see, train, difficult, grow I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Today, I’m just 14 years old. However, I have 41 great changes in Heze. 42 I was young, my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. Though I couldn’t speak 43 , I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings, not tall buildings. At about four, I 44 to learn things by watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called “ 45 ” from TV. So I said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing 46 so strange and it’s called ‘train’. Why haven’t I seen it here? You must be too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” said my grandma, “that’s not my fault. In fact, there aren’t any trains here. Our city doesn’t have good transportation.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 47 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a 48 . And she is still growing up quickly. 49 of tall buildings stand up on the ground. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I don’t believe it is 50 for her to become better and better in the future. 六、短文填空 My hometown has changed a lot. Great changes 51 (take) place since 2016. With the help of the local 52 (govern), narrow roads turn into 53 (wide) highways. These roads are 54 (wide) used by local people and visitors. Farmers make different farm 55 (produce) and sell them online. The new transport cuts travel time short. I 56 (be) to the new tourist attraction three times. My elder brother 57 (go) to the town to run an online shop. He 58 (be) in the town for two whole days. People didn’t use 59 (accept) digital products ten years ago. Now digital books and online shopping become common. It 60 (be) an amazing change for all of us. 七、任务型阅读 John is a fifty­-year­-old worker. Last week he went to his sister’s house, and it’s also the house he was born in. Sue, his sister, felt excited and surprised. She said to John, “You haven’t changed a lot, John. Let me see, now…When did you leave here?” “Ten years ago,” John answered. “You haven’t changed a lot, either,” John said. It was polite of John to say so, but it wasn’t true. Sue seemed like an old lady. The next day John walked through the small town alone. The place had already changed a lot. There was a new bus stop, a new post office, a new car park and lots of traffic signs. He remembered suddenly that the bus used to stop anywhere. You just put up your hand and it stopped. Everything had changed. To John’s surprise, he didn’t recognize (认出) anybody at all. Maybe everybody seemed old. He went into a shop and bought some things. Then he asked the boss, “Where are all the children and young people?” “Children?” he said. “They’re in school, of course. There are three or four young families here.” At lunch, Sue said, “Do you think it is still a beautiful place, John?” “It’s all different, Sue. It used to be an exciting place, but now it’s full of old people. I don’t understand,” John said. 61．How old was John when he left the small town? 62．Where did the bus use to stop in the small town? 63．Why was John surprised? 64．Which changes in your hometown surprised you most? Why? Write 30 words or more. $第01讲 Unit 1 The Changing World （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力 1. 能够运用现在完成时描述过去与现在的变化； 2. 能够听懂并谈论交通、医疗、教育、休闲方式等话题； 3. 能够用英语进行事实与观点的区分表达。 文化意识 1. 了解中国在基础设施、科技、教育等方面的巨大进步； 2. 增强民族自豪感，树立积极面对变化、追求美好生活的态度。 思维品质 1. 能够区分事实与观点，培养批判性思维； 2. 能够运用“总结”阅读策略，提炼文本主旨与重要细节。 学习能力 1. 能够自主搜集并整理身边变化的资料； 2. 能够通过小组合作完成项目式学习（如制作海报）。 学习重点 1.在完成时（have/has done）表过去动作对现在的影响； 2. It is + adj. + to do 结构。 3.用简洁语言概括文本主旨和要点。 4.描述过去与现在的变化，谈论休闲活动，表达个人观点。 学习难点 1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分； 2. already / just / yet 在现在完成时中的位置与用法。 3.理解“变化”不只是物质层面的，也包括人际关系、生活方式、价值观念的变化，并表达自己的态度。 一、教材短语梳理 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.living conditions生活条件 2.leisure activities休闲活动 3. medical treatment医疗 4. used to do过去常常 5. for free免费的 6. in the past在过去 7.get in touch与…取得联系 8. change about关于…产生变化 9.living in the countryside住在乡 10.take place发生；进行 11. move here搬到这里 12.by the way顺便问一下 13.get used to doing sth习惯于做… 14. be happy to高兴做… 15.get around 四处走动；逛一逛 16. be busy with忙于… 17. sports center体育中心 18. grow up长大成人 19. play hide and seek玩捉迷藏 20. watch open-air movies看露天电影 21.listen to the radio听广播 22. play chess or cards下棋或打牌 23. surf the internet上网 24. have fun玩得开心 25.talk about谈论 26.live with parents和父母同住 27.have meals 吃饭 28. live by oneself 独自居住 29.have time for breakfast有时间吃早饭 30.have to say that不得不说 31. go shopping at stories stores去实体店购物 32.shop online网上购物. 33. choice(n)选择 choose(v)选择 34. take place发生 35. take online courses上网课 36.high-speed trains 高铁 37.health cane 医疗；医疗卫生 38.make great progress 取得巨大进步 39. since its opening-up自改革开放以来 40. the world's second largest economy 世界第二大经济体 41.send……into…将…送入… 42.play a more and more important role in在…中发挥越来越重要的作用 43.keep world peace维护世界和平 44.fight against与…做斗争 45. natural disasters 自然灾害 46.take…as an example 以…为例 47.for along time 很长时间 48.be crowed into挤进… 49. stay at home 待在家 50.leisure activities休闲活动 51.blocks of modern apartments成片现代化公寓 52. underground lines地铁线路 53.chat with sb和某人聊天 54. enjoy oneself 现得开心 55.at that time在那时 56.in any case 无论如何 57. keep up with跟上；与时俱进 58.a group of一片；一组；一群 59. a set of一套… 60. in today's world 在当今的世界 61.spend one's free time闲暇时间 62.with the improvement of 随着…的改善 63. make great achievements in 在某方面取得巨大成就 64. build a sports center 建立一个体育中心 65. shut down关闭 66.change into变成 67.remind sb of 使某人想起… 68. a couple of days 好几天 69. come back from 从某处返回 70. take place 指有计划.有安排的发生 71. feel like doing sth想要做.. 72.hold a place in one's heart 留在导人的心底 73. face challenges 面对挑战 74. no longer不再 75. feel familiar感到熟悉 76.all over the world 遍及全世界 77.open-air movies 露天电影 78. play Chinese chess 下象棋 79. in one's daily life 在某人的日常生活中 80.be different from 与…不同 81. model plane club航模社团 82.used to do sth过去常常做… 83.as society develop随着社会发展 84.watch movies outdoors 看露天电脑 85. of all ages 各个年龄段 86. consider sth unforgettable觉得某事令人难忘 87. hang out闲逛 88. have picnics野餐 89. row boats划船 90.have more choices for有更多选择… 91. afford to do sth支付得起. 92.far away from 远离 93. on weekends 在周末 94. go on road trips自驾游 95. in one's own cars开私家车 96. go abroad 出国 97.keep on doing sth持续做某事 98. be famous for 因.…而闻名. 99.stand on 站在…上面 100. watch the sunset 看日出 101. walk down 沿着…走；顺着…走 102. no matter what 无论什么 103.care about关心；在乎 104.high-speed railway高速铁路 105.along the journey沿途；旅途途中 106.communicate with each other互相交流，沟通 107.the information era信息时代 108.have a whole conversation with 和某人完整交谈一番 109. kind of有点 110. send a message 发消息；传递信息 111.share thoughts and feelings 分享想法与感受 112.connect with与…联系；和…沟通 113. in many different ways通过多种不同方式 114. even worse 更糟糕的是. 115. receive false information 接收虚假信息 116.instead of 代替；而不是 二、重点知识讲解 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Public transportation used to be slow and difficult, but now it's fast and easy.过去公共交通又慢又麻烦，但现在又快又方便。 【详解】used to 意为“过去常常”，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不再发生或不存在，侧重于过去与现在的对比。 【妙辨异同】used to do sth. /be used to (doing) sth. /be used to do sth. 辨析 意义及用法 used to do sth.  意为“过去经常做某事(现在不做了)”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。 be used to (doing) sth.  意为“习惯于(做)某事”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 be used to do sth.  意为“被用来做某事”，是被动语态，不定式表示目的。 【典例】 1．Many young people ________ work in big cities, but now more of them ________ back to live and work here. A．used to; have come B．were used to; came C．used to; came D．were used to; have come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多年轻人过去常常在大城市工作，但现在更多人已经回来这里生活和工作了。used to过去常常；were used to被用作；came来，用于一般过去时；have come已经来，用于现在完成时。根据“but now”可知，第一空表示过去常常在大城市工作，而现在却有了变化，used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，而此空后的work是原形；根据“now”可知，强调动作对现在的影响，第二空应用现在完成时have come，表示已经回来了。 【即练1】 2．My uncle ________ have a cigarette after a meal, but now he ________ taking a walk. A．used to; used to B．used to; is used to C．is used to; used to D．was used to; used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我叔叔过去饭后常抽一支烟，但现在他习惯了散步。used to过去常常（后接动词原形，表示过去的习惯）；is used to习惯于（后接动名词，表示现在已适应）。第一空表示过去的习惯，用used to do；第二空表示现在习惯做某事，用is used to doing。 【即练2】 3．The young astronaut ________ be afraid of heights, but now she trains every day for spacewalks. A．used to B．use to C．is used to D．was used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位年轻宇航员过去常常害怕高处，但现在她每天为太空行走训练。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事；use to结构错误；is used to do sth.被用来做某事；was used to do sth.被用来做某事，一般过去时。后半句“but now she trains every day”说明前后是今昔对比，表达“过去恐高”，应用used to。 2.In the past, few children had the chance to receive education, but now all children can go to school for free.过去，很少有孩子有机会接受教育，但现在所有孩子都可以免费上学。 【详解】 【妙辨异同】accept/receive 辨析 意义及用法 图解助记 accept 意为“接受”，指主观上愿意接受，如idea, praise等。 receive 意为“收到；接收”，指客观上收到，如gift, letter等，但主观上不一定接受。常与介词from连用。 【注意】 receive还可表示“接见；接待”。 I was warmly received at his home yesterday. 昨天我在他家受到了热情的接待。 【典例】 1．She ________ an expensive present, but she didn’t ________. A．received; received B．received; accept C．accepted; received 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她收到了一份昂贵的礼物，但她没有接受。receive收到，侧重客观事实；accept接受，侧重主观意愿。第一空表示客观上“收到”礼物，用received；第二空在助动词didn’t后用动词原形，且表示主观上“没有接受”，用accept。 【即练1】 2．—Excuse me, can you post my new ID card to me? —Sure. You’d better sign in person when you ________ it. A．record B．offer C．receive D．mention 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能把我的新身份证寄给我吗？——当然。当你收到它时最好亲自签名。 record记录；offer提供；receive收到；mention提及。根据“can you post my new ID card to me”可知语境是邮寄身份证，结合“sign in person”可知通常是在收到物品时需要签名确认。 【即练2】 3．—Did you ________ the package that was sent all the way from Hefei, Anhui Province yesterday morning? —Yes, I did receive it, but I finally decided not to ________ it because I had never ordered anything online from that city. A．receive; accept B．accept; receive C．receive; receive D．accept; accept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—你收到昨天上午从安徽省合肥市寄来的包裹了吗？—是的，我确实收到了，但我最终决定不接受它，因为我从未从那座城市网上订购过任何东西。receive收到，侧重客观动作；accept接受，侧重主观意愿。第一空根据答语“Yes, I did receive it”可知询问是否收到，用receive；第二空根据“decided not to”及未网购过可知是主观上不愿接受，用accept。 3. Leisure activities in the past were simple and people had few choices, but now, the activities have become colorful.过去的休闲活动很简单，人们的选择也很少，但现在，这些活动变得丰富多彩了。 【精讲】choose* choose vt./vi.选择;挑选 过去式: chose 1.choose sth. 选择...(具体内容) choose from ... 从...中选择(有范围) choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 choose sb. as / to be 选择某人作为... 2.choice n.选择;选择权;被选中的东西 have no choice 没有选择的余地 make a choice 做出选择 *3.can't choose but do sth = have no choice but to do sth. = can do nothing but do sth.别无选择，只好... 【典例】 1．I missed the last bus and ________ but to walk back. A．made sure B．came to life C．had no choice D．took place 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我错过了末班车，只好步行回去。made sure确保；came to life苏醒、恢复生机；had no choice别无选择；took place发生。固定搭配have no choice but to do sth.意为“别无选择只能做某事”，句子为一般过去时，have变为had，因此选C。 【即练1】 2．The King of Qin was furious, he had no choice but ________ Lin free. A．set B．setting C．to set D．sets 【答案】C 【详解】句意：秦王很愤怒，他别无选择，但只能释放林。set释放（动词原形）；setting释放（动名词，现在分词）；to set释放（动词不定式）；sets释放（动词第三人称单数）。have no choice but to do sth.意为“别无选择只能做某事”；“set ... free”意为“释放……”。 【即练2】 3．A falling tree was ________ our way. We had no ________ but to wait for help in our car. A．on；choice B．in；choice C．in；choose D．on；choose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一棵倒下的树挡住了我们的路。我们别无选择，只能在车里等待救援。 考查介词搭配和名词辨析。on在……上，choice选择，名词；in在……里面，choose选择，动词。根据“A falling tree was…our way.”可知，此处指树挡路，in one’s way“挡路”；根据“We had no…but to wait for help in our car.”可知，have no choice but to do“别无选择只能做某事”。故选B。 4.What has changed about communication nowadays?如今通信方面发生了什么变化？ →We can get in touch so easily through modern communication. It has become quick and easy通过现代通信，我们可以非常轻松地联系彼此。它已经变得快捷又方便。 （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 【典例】 1．My father wants to know how the town ________ since his last trip. A．changed B．changes C．has changed D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲想知道自从他上次旅行以来这个城镇已经发生了怎样的变化。 根据句中时间状语“since his last trip”可知句子时态为现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，应填has changed。 【即练1】 2．The internet has _________ the way we access knowledge. A．change B．changing C．changed D．to change 【答案】C 【详解】句意：互联网已经改变了我们获取知识的方式。 句中助动词has提示时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，change的过去分词是changed。 【即练2】 3．People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从智能手机被广泛使用以来，人们的阅读习惯已经改变了很多。 change改变；changed改变了；have changed已经改变；are changing正在改变。根据句中时间状语“since smartphones became widely used”可知，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在对现在造成的影响。故填have changed。 5.How about going swimming together this weekend?这个周末一起去游泳怎么样？ →Sounds great.听起来很棒。 【探究】在日常交际中，向别人提出建议的句型有以下几种： (1)“Let's＋动词原形．”意为 咱们……吧； (2)“Shall we＋动词原形？”意为“我们……好吗？” (3)“What/How about＋.­ing/名词/代词宾格？”意为“……怎么样？” ； (4)“Why don't we/you＋动词原形？”或“Why not＋动词原形？”意为“为什么不……呢？” (5)“Would you like (to do)…？”意为“你愿意/想要(做)……吗；？” (6)“Would/Will you please＋动词原形？”意为“请你……好吗？” 【典例】 1．— How about going for a picnic this Saturday? — ________ The weather report says it will be sunny. A．Good idea! B．Never mind. C．I don’t think so. D．It’s my pleasure. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个星期六去野餐怎么样？——好主意！天气预报说将是晴天。Good idea表示赞同建议；Never mind常用于回答道歉或安慰；I don’t think so表示不同意；It’s my pleasure用于回答感谢。根据答句“The weather report says it will be sunny.”可知，天气晴朗适合野餐，说话人赞同对方的建议。故填Good idea。 【即练1】 2．—Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves? —__________That will give her a big surprise. A．Sounds great! B．Never mind. C．It's a pity. D．You're welcome. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们何不自己给妈妈做个生日蛋糕呢？——听起来太好了！那会给她一个很大的惊喜。考查情景交际。Sounds great!听起来太好了！Never mind.别介意。It's a pity.真可惜。You're welcome.不客气。根据前句“Why don't we make a birthday cake for Mum by ourselves?”可知，此处是提问建议，后面的回答应该是对这个建议做出评价，A选项符合语境，故选A。 【即练2】 3．—Why don't you ________ to the park now? —Good idea! Let's go. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么现在不去公园呢？——好主意！让我们去吧。考查固定句式。go去，原形动词；to go是动词不定式，goes是动词三单形式，going是动名词或现在分词。Why don't you do sth.相当于Why not do sth.，表示“为什么不做某事”，用于提建议，是固定句型；结合选项，故选A。 6.Great changes have taken place in China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态。 The basketball game will take place on Sunday. 篮球比赛将在周日举行。 【妙辨异同】happen/take place 辨析 意义及用法 相同点 happen 意为“发生”，强调事情发生的偶然性。 无被动语态 take place 意为“发生”，常指预期/预定的事情发生。 【典例】 1．The meeting is going to ________ next week, and we will use advanced digital technology to ________ of traditional methods to make communication more interactive and effective. A．take place; take place B．take place; take the place C．take the place; take place D．take the place; take the place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：会议将于下周举行，我们将使用先进的数字技术来取代传统方法，使沟通更加互动和有效。 take place发生，举行，为不及物短语，后不接宾语；take the place常与of连用，意为“代替”。第一空根据“The meeting is going to...next week”可知指会议举行，且后无of，故用take place；第二空根据“…of traditional methods”可知指取代传统方法，且空后有of，故用take the place。 【即练1】 2．Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A．took place B．have taken place C．have been taken place D．will take place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我们国家发生了巨大变化。 时间状语“in the past few years”是现在完成时的标志，谓语动词应用“have/has+过去分词”结构；take place意为“发生”，是不及物动词短语，无被动形式。 【即练2】 3．I ________ meet my old classmate on my way home last Sunday. A．happened to B．happen to C．was happened to D．happened doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上周日我在回家路上偶遇老同学。happen to do sth.是固定用法，意为“碰巧做某事”，根据“last Sunday”可知，此处用一般过去时，且happen无被动。 7.China is playing a more and more important role in international events, such as keeping world peace, protecting the environment and fighting against natural disasters.中国在国际事务中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，例如维护世界和平、保护环境以及抗击自然灾害等。 ①play a more and more important role in (发挥着越来越重要的作用) 结构拆解： play a role in = 在...中扮演角色/起作用。 more and more = 越来越...（比较级+and+比较级，表示程度递增）。 注意语法陷阱：介词 in 后面必须接名词或动名词（doing）。 例句：Technology is playing an increasingly vital role in reshaping the global economic landscape.（科技在重塑全球经济格局中正发挥着日益重要的作用。） ② fight against (抗击、与...作斗争) ③natural disasters (自然灾害) 【典例】 1．—Robots are playing a more and more important role in our daily lives.     —________. They will be part of our lives in the future. A．I’m afraid not B．It doesn’t matter C．That’s not the case D．I couldn’t agree more 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——机器人在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。——我完全同意。它们将成为我们未来生活的一部分。I’m afraid not表示恐怕不行；It doesn’t matter表示没关系；That’s not the case表示事实并非如此；I couldn’t agree more表示完全同意。根据空后的答句“They will be part of our lives in the future.”可知，回答者进一步阐述了机器人的重要性，说明赞同对方的观点。只有D项符合语境。 【即练1】 2．—Emma, many people are talking about a TV drama. Do you know __________ about it? —Yes, it’s about a story of a police officer’s fight __________ bad people. A．something; for B．anything; for C．something; against D．anything; against 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——艾玛，很多人都在谈论一部电视剧。你知道这件事吗？——是的，它讲的是一个警察与坏人斗争的故事。考查代词和介词辨析。something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事，常用于疑问句和否定句；for为了；against反对。根据“Do you know...about it?”可知，这是一般疑问句，所以第一空应用anything；根据“fight...bad people”可知，此处表示与坏人作斗争，fight against表示“与……作斗争”。故选D。 【即练2】 3．—My foreign friend kept refusing when I offered him tea again and again. I thought he didn’t like it. —Actually, it’s common in his country. It’s just ________. A． public warnings B．cultural differences C．body language D．natural disasters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我一次又一次给我的外国朋友提供茶时，他一直拒绝。我以为他不喜欢它。——实际上，这在他的国家很常见。这只是文化差异。public warnings公共警告；cultural differences文化差异；body language肢体语言；natural disasters自然灾害。根据“My foreign friend”及“it’s common in his country”可知，朋友的行为习惯与说话者不同，这是由不同国家的文化习惯导致的，即文化差异。应填cultural differences。 8.People can chat with each other or enjoy themselves on their smartphones. 人们可以在智能手机上互相聊天或自娱自乐。 enjoy oneself “玩得高兴，过得愉快” enjoy oneself 相当于have a good time或have fun。 We enjoyed ourselves in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很开心。 【考向】【易错点】 enjoy后可接名词、代词和动名词。enjoy后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能跟不定式。 He enjoys reading foreign novels. 他喜欢读外国小说。 You will enjoy it. 你会喜欢它的。 【典例】 1．My sister enjoys _________ to music in her free time. A．listen B．listens C．listening D．to listen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的姐姐在空闲时间喜欢听音乐。enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”，是固定搭配，后接动名词作宾语。listening符合语境。 【即练1】 2．After finishing the final exams, the students went to the amusement park to enjoy ________. A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：考完期末考试后，学生们去游乐园玩得开心。himself他自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己。根据固定搭配enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，且主语“the students”是复数，对应的反身代词应用themselves。 【即练2】 3．—Everyone enjoyed ________ at the opening ceremony of the 2025 World Expo in Osaka. —Yes, it was so exciting! A．yourselves B．ourselves C．themselves 【答案】C 【详解】——所有人都在2025年大阪世博会开幕式上玩得非常开心。——是的，太令人兴奋了！ yourselves你们自己；ourselves我们自己；themselves他/她/它们自己。Everyone为第三人称，因此应用themselves。 9.By the way,have you seen Xiao Ya recently?顺便问一下，你最近见过小雅吗？ →No, she has gone to Guangzhou with her parents.没有，她和她的父母一起去广州了。 【妙辨异同】have been to/have gone to/have been in 辨析 意义及用法 have been to 意为“去过某地”，强调去过但已回来，常与频度副词或ever连用。 have gone to 意为“去了某地”，强调去了但还未回来。 have been in 意为“待在某地”，表示状态，常与一段时间连用。 【注意】 (1)与一段时间连用时，只能用have been in，不能用have been/gone to。 (2)当have been/gone to后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，介词to省略。 【典例】 1．—Where are Lucy and Linda? —They ________ a restaurant for lunch. They will be back in fifteen minutes. A．have gone to B．have been to C．have been in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——露西和琳达在哪里？——她们去餐厅吃午饭了。她们会在十五分钟后回来。 have gone to意为“去了某地（未回）”，have been to意为“去过某地（已回）”，have been in意为“在某地待了多久”。根据答语中“They will be back in fifteen minutes.”可知，她们此刻不在说话现场，已经去了某地尚未回来，应使用have gone to。 【即练1】 2．—Have you ever ________ the nursing home to help the old people? —Yes. I ________ there to teach them how to use smartphones last Sunday. A．been to; went B．gone to; went C．been to; have gone D．gone to; have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过养老院帮助老人吗？——是的。上周日我去那里教他们如何使用智能手机。 have been to去过某地已经回来，have gone to去了某地还没回来。根据对话语境，说话人在现场，第一空应用been to；根据“last Sunday”可知第二空应用一般过去时went。应填been to; went。 【即练2】 3．Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum (扬州中国大运河博物馆) ________ to the public for more than 4 years, and I ________ there many times to admire its cultural relics. A．has been open; have gone B．has opened; have gone C．has been open; have been D．has opened; have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：扬州中国大运河博物馆已经向公众开放四年多了，我去过那里很多次欣赏其文物。 第一空，根据“for more than 4 years”可知，谓语动词需用延续性动词，open是瞬间动词，be open是延续性状态，用has been open；第二空，根据“many times”可知，此处表示经历，指去过某地且已返回，应用have been。应填has been open；have been。 10.Most people considered such experiences unforgettable.大多数人认为这样的经历令人难以忘怀。 consider作动词，意为“仔细考虑；认为，觉得”。常见用法如下： 【典例】 1．She considered ________ the job offer before making a final decision. A．accept B．to accept C．accepting D．accepted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她在做最终决定之前考虑接受这份工作邀请。根据句中“consider”的常用动词短语为consider doing sth. “考虑做某事”，“consider”后常接动名词。应填accepting。 【即练1】 2．The fridge doesn’t work. Why not consider ________ a new one. A．to buy B．bought C．buying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冰箱坏了。为什么不考虑买一个新的呢？ 考查动名词作宾语。to buy买，不定式；bought买，过去分词；buying买，动名词。consider后需接动名词-ing形式，表示“考虑做某事”。故选C。 【即练2】 3．My good friend Bob is considered ________ of all the students in his class. A．hardworking B．more hardworking C．most hardworking D．the most hardworking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的好朋友鲍勃被认为是他班上所有学生中最勤奋的。考查形容词最高级的用法。hardworking勤奋的，为多音节形容词；more hardworking更勤奋的，为比较级；most hardworking缺少定冠词the，不符合最高级语法规则；the most hardworking最勤奋的，最高级。句子中“of all the students”表示在所有学生中比较(三者或以上)，需使用最高级形式。故选D。 11.Many people can afford to travel to many different places far away from their homes.许多人有能力去离家很远的不同地方旅行。 afford的用法： 【典例】 1．We can’t afford ________ on vacation this year. A．go B．to going C．going D．to go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们今年负担不起去度假的费用了。 句中“afford”提示此处考查短语“afford to do sth.”，意为“负担得起做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。 【即练1】 2．The charity has no choice but ________ free treatment for those who can’t ________ the cost. A．provide; afford B．to provide; afford C．providing; to afford D．to provide; to afford 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构别无选择，只能为那些负担不起费用的人提供免费治疗。 固定短语have no choice but to do sth. 意为“别无选择只能做某事”，故第一空填to provide；can’t是情态动词，后接动词原形，故第二空填afford。 【即练2】 3．At last, the poor woman ________ that the company couldn’t afford ________ her work. A．told; paying for B．was told; paying C．told; to pay D．was told; to pay for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：最后，这个可怜的女人被告知，公司负担不起支付她的工资。考查被动语态及动词短语。pay for为……付款，固定搭配。the poor man与选项核心词tell之间为被动关系，根据“couldn’t”可知，第一空需一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为名词单数，需was，tell的过去分词为told；afford to do sth.“负担得起做某事”，故空处需动词不定式to pay for。故选D。 12.But no matter what language we speak,we care about each other just the same. 但无论我们说什么语言，我们彼此关心这一点是相同的。 care vi vt. &.关心，关注，在意 care的常用短语： 【拓展】care还可以作名词，意为“小心；照料”。其形容词形式为 careful(小心的；仔细的)和 careless(粗心的)；对应的副词形式为 carefully(小心地；仔细地)和 carelessly (粗心地)。 【典例】 1．After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to ________ others. A．care about B．take care C．talk about D．talk for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：课外活动帮助学生拥有更多的技能，并学会关心他人。 care about关心；take care小心/保重（照顾需用 take care of）；talk about谈论；talk for为……辩护。根据“After-school activities help students have more skills and learn to…others.”可知，课外活动旨在培养学生的综合素质，学会关心他人符合逻辑，且care about后可直接接宾语others。take care后接宾语需加介词of。 【即练1】 2．Please ________ these books while I join in the after-school activity. A．take care B．take care of C．be careful D．care about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我参加课后活动时，请照看好这些书。 take care小心（独立使用，不接宾语）；take care of照顾/照看（后接宾语）；be careful小心（后接of/不定式）；care about关心/在意。题干“these books”作宾语，表示“照看书”，应填take care of。 【即练2】 3．Don’t ______ your son. He is old enough to take good care of himself. A．think about B．talk about C．worry about D．care about 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别担心你的儿子。他已经足够大了，能好好照顾自己。 考查动词短语。think about考虑；talk about谈论；worry about担心；care about关心。根据“He is old enough to take good care of himself.”可知，孩子能照顾自己了，父母就不需要过度担心他。故选C。 13.The high-speed railway shows how much china has developed since its opening-up. 高铁展现了中国自改革开放以来取得了多大的发展。 since可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。 【拓展】 since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如： She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。 【典例】 1．—________ nicknames (绰号) are seen as a form of showing no respect for others, next time you want to call someone by his/her nickname, weigh (权衡) it before you do. —No wonder Tom doesn’t talk with me, ________ he is always angry with me. I won’t call his nickname any more. A．Because of; for B．Because; since C．As; because of D．Since; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——由于绰号被视为不尊重他人的一种形式，下次你想用别人的绰号称呼他/她时，请先权衡利弊。——难怪汤姆不和我说话，因为他总是生我的气。我再也不叫他的绰号了。 because of因为，后常跟名词、代词或动名词；because、as、since引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，引导并列分句表示原因。第一空后面是完整句子，排除A选项。第二空后面也是完整句子，排除C选项。第二空位于主句后面，且空前有逗号，用for补充原因，since表原因时通常放在句首。 【即练1】 2．—Have you heard about the new smart robot that can do housework?   —Yes. It ________ a lot of attention since it was first shown to the public. A．attracts B．attracted C．has attracted D．was attracting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你听说过那款可以做家务的新型智能机器人吗？——听说了，自从它首次面向公众展出，就吸引了大量关注。 标志词since引导时间状语从句，主句需使用现在完成时，has attracted匹配该时态规则。 【即练2】 3．—________ has the Asian Elephant Nature Reserve existed in southern Yunnan? — Since the 1980s. A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How deep 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——云南南部的亚洲象自然保护区存在多久了？——自从20世纪80年代以来。 How long多久/多长，用于提问时间或长度；How far多远，用于提问距离；How often多久一次，用于提问频率；How deep多深，用于提问深度。根据答语“Since the 1980s”可知，此处是对时间段进行提问，应用How long。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．The Silk Road developed the economy ________ (great). 【答案】greatly 【详解】句意：丝绸之路极大地发展了经济。句中空白处修饰动词developed，需要使用副词，括号内great为形容词，对应的副词形式为greatly。 2．The ________ (govern) tries its best to solve the water shortage. 【答案】government 【详解】句意：政府尽力解决水资源短缺问题。空格前有定冠词The，后面需要使用名词作句子主语，govern对应的名词形式是government，表示“政府”；由谓语tries可知主语为单数。 3．It used ________ (take) us five hours to reach the town, but now it only takes one hour. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：过去我们要花五个小时才能到达这个小镇，但现在只需要一小时。固定搭配used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，此处需要填动词不定式，括号内单词take的不定式形式为to take。 4．I ________ (be) to the new library many times, and I love digital books there. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：我去过这座新图书馆很多次，我很喜欢那里的电子书籍。句中“many times”是现在完成时标志，表示过往多次经历，应用现在完成时；主语为“I”，搭配have been to，表示“去过某地（已返回）”。故填have been。 5．—Where is Li Hua? —He ________ (go) to sell farm products online. He ________ (be) away for four hours. 【答案】 has gone has been 【详解】句意：——李华在哪里？——他去网上卖农产品了。他已经离开四个小时了。问句询问李华在哪里，答语为“去网上卖农产品了”，表示人不在说话地，去了某地还未回来，第一空应使用现在完成时“have/has gone to”结构，主语He是第三人称单数，故填has gone。时间状语“for four hours”是持续性时间，要与延续性动词连用，“be away”是延续性状态，表示从过去离开到现在已经持续四个小时了，第二空应使用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），主语He是第三人称单数，故填has been。 6．The government ________ (build) three new tourist attractions so far. 【答案】has built 【详解】句意：到目前为止，政府已经建造了三个新的旅游景点。所给动词为build“建造”。时间状语so far“到目前为止”常与现在完成时连用；主语The government为第三人称单数，助动词用has，build的过去分词为built。 7．Great changes ________ (take) place here over the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：在过去十年间，这里发生了巨大的变化。固定短语take place意为“发生”，时间标志“over the past ten years”（在过去十年里）是现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；主语Great changes是复数，助动词用have，take的过去分词为taken。 8．They ________ (be) in this village for 20 years. 【答案】have been 【详解】句意：他们在这个村子里已经住了20年了。根据时间状语“for 20 years”可知，动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时。主语They是复数，助动词用have，be的过去分词为been。 9．I ________ (never eat) western breakfast before. 【答案】have never eaten 【详解】句意：我以前从未吃过西式早餐。句中含有“before”，表示“以前”，常用于现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have；never放在助动词和过去分词之间；eat的过去分词为eaten。 10．I ________ (not eat) breakfast this morning. 【答案】didn’t eat 【详解】句意：我今早没吃早饭。句中this morning是过去的时间，因此该句时态为一般过去时，实义动词eat变否定要借助助动词did，否定式为didn’t，后跟动词用原形eat，故填didn’t eat。 二、单项选择 11．________ it rained heavily, we still went to school on time. A．But B．Although C．So D．Because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然雨下得很大，我们还是准时去上学了。 But“但是”，表转折，不能放在句首引导让步状语从句；Although“虽然”，表让步，可引导让步状语从句；So“所以”，表结果；Because“因为”，表原因。 本句前后是让步关系，即“尽管雨大，但仍按时上学”，结合语境只有Although符合搭配和句意。 12．Many students ________ greatly from online learning in recent years. A．benefit B．have benefited C．benefited D．will benefit 【答案】B 【详解】句意：近年来，许多学生从线上学习中获益良多。 根据时间状语“in recent years”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，需用“have done”结构。应填have benefited。 13．My father ________ walk to work, but now he drives his car. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．use to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爸爸过去常常步行上班，但现在他开车上班。 used to过去常常；is used to习惯于；was used to习惯于；use to错误形式。根据后半句now可知，前句描述过去的习惯性动作，用used to do结构。应填used to。 14．The Mombasa-Nairobi railway ________ the travel time from 10 hours to about four hours. A．cuts B．has cut C．cut D．was cutting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：蒙内铁路已将旅行时间从10小时缩短到大约4小时。铁路缩短时长这件事带来了现在“耗时更短”的持续结果，要用现在完成时has cut。 15．I ________ my primary school since I moved to the new neighbourhood. A．didn’t visit B．haven’t visited C．don’t visit D．wasn’t visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从搬到新小区，我就再也没去过我的小学。句中since引导过去时间状语从句，主句需用现在完成时表达从过去持续至今的状态，haven’t visited匹配该时态规则。 16．The environment is getting better. It ________ local lives a lot. A．has improved B．improved C．improves D．was improving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：环境正在变好。它已经极大地改善了当地的生活。根据前句“The environment is getting better.”可知环境变好是目前已经发生的趋势，对现在造成了影响，后句强调这种变化对当地生活产生的结果，即对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done，应填has improved。 17．We didn’t have any good places for shopping ________ 10 years ago. A．since B．for C．until D．by 【答案】C 【详解】句意：直到 10 年前我们才有了购物的好地方。 since自从；for为了；until直到……为止；by 通过。根据“We didn’t have...10 years ago.”可知，句子是一般过去时的否定句。固定搭配“not...until”意为“直到……才……”，表示直到某个时间点情况才发生改变。 18．—________ have you lived in this new house? —Since last year. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在这栋新房子住了多久？——自从去年。 How soon多久以后，How often多久一次，How long多长/多久，How far多远。根据答语“Since last year”可知，回答的是时间起点，表示居住持续的时间长度，对时长提问应用How long。 19．—How long have you ________ your grandpa? —For about 20 years. He ________ a good friend of my family. A．known; became B．known; has become C．know; became D．knew; has become 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识你爷爷多久了？——大约20年了。他成为了我们家的一个好朋友。 根据“How long have you…”可知第一空需用过去分词，与have构成现在完成时，know的过去分词为known；第二空：该句补充说明的是20年前发生的一个过去的具体事件，用一般过去时，故使用过去式became。 20．The hills ________ with sand, but now they ________ with trees. A．used to cover; are covered B．were used to covering; are covered C．used to be covered; are covered D．were used to be covered; covered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些山曾经被沙子覆盖，但现在它们被树木覆盖。used to cover曾经覆盖（表示过去的状态，主动语态）；were used to covering习惯于覆盖（be used to doing“习惯于做某事”）；used to be covered曾经被覆盖（表示过去的状态，被动语态）；were used to be covered错误搭配（be used to后接动名词）。第一空表示“曾经被沙子覆盖”，used to do表示“过去常常做/曾经（过去的状态）”，主语hills与cover是被动关系，需用被动语态be covered，结合两个短语用法，应用used to be covered；第二空表示“现在被树木覆盖”，主语hills与cover是被动关系，需用被动语态be covered；表示现在的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态are covered。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Li Rui’s hometown has changed a lot over the last 20 years. Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have 21 back to live and work here. The environment has also improved greatly. There 22 to be sandstorms all the time, and the farmland was getting smaller and smaller. Then, the villagers found a small bush. It had long roots that could 23 the soil together. They began planting it in sandy areas, with the government’s 24 . Now, there are fewer sandstorms and the environment is getting better. The new highway and railway have 25 a lot. The village has become a tourist attraction. People can now sell local 26 to tourists. They also sell products online to people all over China. These changes have greatly improved people’s lives. They now have new houses. And the village has just built a new 27 and a library. The villagers are building a new socialist village 28 . Li Rui feels very 29 about these changes. She believes that with hard work and the government’s support, her hometown will become 30 better in the future. 21．A．come B．came C．coming D．comes 22．A．use B．used C．is used D．was used 23．A．hold B．keep C．take D．bring 24．A．help B．support C．money D．advice 25．A．helped B．changed C．built D．opened 26．A．food B．products C．fruits D．vegetables 27．A．school B．hospital C．shop D．station 28．A．together B．alone C．again D．still 29．A．sad B．worried C．proud D．surprised 30．A．more B．much C．very D．quite 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文讲述李瑞家乡20年来的巨大变化，包括人员回流、环境改善及设施升级，表达了对家乡发展的自豪与对未来美好生活的信心。 【详解】21．句意：现在，更多的人已经回到这里生活和工作。 根据“have”可知句子为现在完成时，结构为“have+过去分词”，come的过去分词是come。 22．句意：过去这里一直有沙尘暴，农田也越来越小。 根据“to be”及上下文对比过去与现在，固定搭配used to be表示“过去常常是”，符合语境。 23．句意：它有长长的根，可以把土壤固定在一起。 根据“roots”（根）和“soil together”（土壤在一起），hold...together表示“固定/抓住……在一起”，hold符合植物固沙语境。 24．句意：他们开始在沙地种植，得到了政府的支持。 根据文章最后一段“government’s support”可知此处词汇复现，且government’s support 为常用搭配，表示“政府支持”。 25．句意：新公路和铁路帮助了很多。 根据主语“公路和铁路”及后文村庄变成景点，基础设施起到了helped“帮助”发展的作用，changed主语通常指事物自身变化。 26．句意：人们现在可以向游客出售当地产品。 根据后句“They also sell products online”可知此处词汇复现，products“产品”涵盖范围更广，符合语境。 27．句意：村里刚建了一所新学校和图书馆。 根据“library”（图书馆）及乡村建设常规搭配，学校与图书馆常作为文化教育设施并列提及，符合改善生活的语境，用school。 28．句意：村民们正在共同建设一个新的社会主义村庄。 根据“socialist village”及村民集体行动的背景，together表示“共同/一起”，体现团结协作精神。 29．句意：李瑞对这些变化感到非常自豪。 看到家乡越来越好内心“骄傲”，proud符合语境。 30．句意：她的家乡未来会变得更好。 根据“better”为比较级，much可修饰比较级表示程度，very/quite修饰原级，more用于构成比较级。 四、阅读理解 Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes, we’ve changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 31．What did many young people use to do? A．They used to work in big cities. B．They used to study abroad. C．They used to travel around. D．They used to stay at home. 32．How has Ms Wu changed the way she farms? A．She now grows fewer vegetables. B．She now has large, high-tech greenhouses. C．She now only sells at the local market. D．She now works in a big city. 33．What has helped the village develop? A．The new airport. B．The new highway and railway. C．The new school. D．The new factory. 34．What new buildings has the village built? A．A supermarket and a cinema. B．A hospital and a library. C．A school and a park. D．A hotel and a restaurant. 35．What is the village building together? A．A modern city. B．A new socialist village. C．A big factory. D．A famous school. 【答案】31．A 32．B 33．B 34．B 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇记者与村民的对话，主要讲述了家乡在过去20年里发生的巨大变化，包括年轻人返乡、农业方式改变、交通改善及生活设施提升等。 【详解】31．根据Mr Yan所说的话“Many young people used to work in big cities.”可知，他们过去在大城市工作。 32．根据Ms Wu所说的话“Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses.”可知，她现在的耕作方式拥有了大型高科技温室。 33．根据Reporter所说的话“Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot!”以及Mr Yan回答“Oh, they have!”可知，新公路和铁路帮助了村庄发展。 34．根据Ms Wu所说的话“And our village has just built a new hospital and a library.”可知，新建的建筑是医院和图书馆。 35．根据文章最后一句Reporter说的“Together you are building a new socialist village.”可知，他们正在建设社会主义新农村。 B Great changes have taken place in Li Rui’s hometown over the past 20 years. Twenty years ago, the environment there was really difficult. Heavy sandstorms hit the village every spring. There was serious farmland shortage, and people faced a lack of high-tech farming tools. All hills were covered with sand, with few bushes or trees. Villagers used to work by hand on small pieces of farmland. They could not grow enough corn to support their families, so many young people used to leave for big capitals to make money. Later, the local government gave strong support to the village. Villagers found a special kind of bush. Its thick roots could hold the soil together to stop sand from blowing away. With the government’s help, they began to plant this bush on all sandy land. They have planted thousands of bushes and trees since then. Now everything turns better. The corn fields become much larger. There are far fewer sandstorms. The hills are covered with green plants. Villagers use modern machines to work on farmland. Lots of young people have come back to work at home. Li Rui has shown George around the new hometown twice, and they both feel surprised at these amazing changes. 36．What was NOT a problem in Li Rui’s hometown long ago? A．Terrible sandstorms. B．Not enough farmland. C．No modern farming technology. D．Too much rain every year. 37．How did farmers grow corn in the past? A．By using high-tech machines. B．By hand. C．With lorries. D．In big greenhouses. 38．What can the roots of the bush do? A．Produce more corn. B．Hold soil and stop sandstorms. C．Build new roads. D．Sell farm products. 39．Why did young people use to leave their village? A．The living condition was too bad. B．They wanted to watch the Olympics. C．They hated planting bushes. D．The government asked them to leave. 40．How many times has Li Rui taken George to visit the hometown? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Never. 【答案】36．D 37．B 38．B 39．A 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了李睿的家乡二十年来从风沙贫瘠、年轻人外流，到政府种树治沙、发展现代农业、青年返乡的巨大变迁。 【详解】36．根据“Twenty years ago, the environment there was really difficult. Heavy sandstorms hit the village every spring. There was serious farmland shortage, and people faced a lack of high-tech farming tools.”可知，早年家乡的问题有沙尘暴、耕地不足、缺少现代农业技术，文中未提及雨水过多，因此“每年雨水太多”不是过去的难题。 37．根据“Villagers used to work by hand on small pieces of farmland.”可知，过去村民靠手工种植玉米。 38．根据“Its thick roots could hold the soil together to stop sand from blowing away.”可知，这种灌木的根系可以固土、阻挡风沙。 39．根据“They could not grow enough corn to support their families, so many young people used to leave for big capitals to make money.”可知，过去粮食不够养活家人，生活条件太差，所以年轻人外出谋生。 40．根据“Li Rui has shown George around the new hometown twice”可知，李睿带乔治参观家乡两次。 五、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文 when, good, begin, hundred, lot, look, see, train, difficult, grow I was born in Heze, a city with a long history in Shandong. Today, I’m just 14 years old. However, I have 41 great changes in Heze. 42 I was young, my grandmother liked to take me out and go around the city. Though I couldn’t speak 43 , I knew it wasn’t a busy city. There were many small buildings, not tall buildings. At about four, I 44 to learn things by watching TV and reading books or magazines. One day, I saw a long and big car called “ 45 ” from TV. So I said to my grandma, “Grandma, this thing 46 so strange and it’s called ‘train’. Why haven’t I seen it here? You must be too careless to take me to see it, right?” “Oh, no! My child,” said my grandma, “that’s not my fault. In fact, there aren’t any trains here. Our city doesn’t have good transportation.” Ten years later, I’m not 4 years old any more. I have 47 into a teenager. Now, the city has really changed a 48 . And she is still growing up quickly. 49 of tall buildings stand up on the ground. The whole city is covered with green plants. The railway station makes the city smaller, and the trains are running so fast. I don’t believe it is 50 for her to become better and better in the future. 【答案】 41． seen 42．When 43．well 44．began 45．train 46．looks 47．grown 48．lot 49．Hundreds 50．difficult 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者生长在山东菏泽，见证了这座城市从交通不便、建筑低矮的小城，一步步发展成高楼林立、通了火车、环境优美的城市的巨大变化，表达了作者对家乡发展的感慨与对家乡未来的美好期许。 【详解】41．句意：然而，我见证了菏泽的巨大变化。根据“great changes in Heze”及所给单词，see“看见、见证”符合语境；结合have可知本句是现在完成时，需用see的过去分词形式seen。 42．句意：当我小的时候，我的奶奶喜欢带我出去逛逛这座城市。根据“I was young”及后文的动作描述，结合所给单词，此处需填连词表“当……时候”，when符合语境，句首单词的首字母大写。 43．句意：虽然我说话还说不好，但是我知道这不是一座繁华的城市。根据“couldn’t speak”及所给单词，good的副词形式well修饰动词speak，表“说得好”，符合语境。 44．句意：大约四岁时，我开始通过看电视、看书或杂志来学习东西。叙述四岁时的事情，应用过去式。根据“to learn things by watching TV”及所给词可知，此处填begin的过去式为began，意为“开始”。 45．句意：有一天，我从电视上看到一辆又长又大的叫“火车”的汽车。根据后文的“it’s called ‘train’”及所给单词，此处直接填train。 46．句意：所以我对奶奶说：“奶奶，这个东西看起来很奇怪，它叫‘火车’”。根据“so strange”及所给单词，look“看起来”符合语境；这里是直接引语，本句主语this thing是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式looks。 47．句意：我已经长成了一个青少年。根据“into a teenager”及所给单词，grow“成长”符合语境，grow into表“长成”；结合have可知本句是现在完成时，需用grow的过去分词形式grown 48．句意：现在，这座城市真的发生了很大的变化。根据所给单词及固定搭配，a lot表“非常、很多”，修饰动词changed，符合语境。 49．句意：成百上千的高楼拔地而起。根据“of tall buildings”及所给单词，hundred符合语境；hundreds of为固定搭配，表“成百上千的”，句首单词的首字母大写。 50．句意：我相信她未来会变得越来越好，这并不困难。固定句型It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，此处指“并非难事”，difficult符合语境。 六、短文填空 My hometown has changed a lot. Great changes 51 (take) place since 2016. With the help of the local 52 (govern), narrow roads turn into 53 (wide) highways. These roads are 54 (wide) used by local people and visitors. Farmers make different farm 55 (produce) and sell them online. The new transport cuts travel time short. I 56 (be) to the new tourist attraction three times. My elder brother 57 (go) to the town to run an online shop. He 58 (be) in the town for two whole days. People didn’t use 59 (accept) digital products ten years ago. Now digital books and online shopping become common. It 60 (be) an amazing change for all of us. 【答案】 51． have taken 52．government 53．wide 54．widely 55．products 56．have been 57．has gone 58．has been 59．to accept 60．is 【导语】本文讲述了作者家乡自2016年以来发生的巨大变化，分别从道路建设、农产品线上售卖、乡村旅游、线上店铺发展、数字化生活普及几个方面展开描写，全方位展现家乡日新月异的发展，抒发作者对家乡巨变的感慨。 【详解】51．句意：自2016年起，巨大的变化在我的家乡发生了。该处需构成现在完成时谓语结构；时间标志词since 2016限定时态为现在完成时，主语changes为复数，take的过去分词是taken，结合提示词take可知填have taken。 52．句意：在当地政府的帮助下，狭窄小路都变成了宽阔公路。该处填写名词作local的修饰对象；动词govern转换为名词government（政府），local government为固定搭配“当地政府”。结合提示词govern可知填government。 53．句意：狭窄小路都被改造成宽阔的公路。该处填入形容词修饰名词highways；wide本身为形容词，意为“宽阔的”，直接修饰道路。结合提示词wide可知填wide。 54．句意：当地居民和游客都广泛地使用这些道路。该处改写形容词为副词修饰动词used；形容词wide转换为副词widely（广泛地），副词用来修饰句中谓语动词。结合提示词wide可知填widely。 55．句意：农民们制作各式各样的农产品并在网上售卖。该处填写可数名词复数作宾语；different表示多种，produce转化为名词product，复数形式为products，farm products意为“农产品”。结合提示词produce可知填products。 56．句意：我已经去过这个新的旅游景点三次了。该处使用现在完成时表达过往经历；次数three times为完成时标志，have been to表示“去过某地（现已返回）”，主语I搭配have。结合提示词be可知填have been。 57．句意：我的哥哥去镇上开网店了。该处采用现在完成时表达人尚未归来；has gone to表示“去了某地（此刻不在本地）”，主语my elder brother是第三人称单数。结合提示词go可知填has gone。 58．句意：他已经在镇上待了整整两天。该处使用现在完成时表示持续状态；for two whole days是持续时长，“has been+地点”表示待在某地，主语he为三单。结合提示词be可知填has been。 59．句意：十年前人们不常接受数码产品。该处不定式适配固定否定搭配；didn’t use to do sth.是固定结构，意为“过去不常做某事”，to后接动词原形。结合提示词accept可知填to accept。 60．句意：对我们所有人来说，这是一场惊人的改变。该处填写一般现在时系动词；主语It为单数，主系表结构中be动词选用is。结合提示词be可知填is。 七、任务型阅读 John is a fifty­-year­-old worker. Last week he went to his sister’s house, and it’s also the house he was born in. Sue, his sister, felt excited and surprised. She said to John, “You haven’t changed a lot, John. Let me see, now…When did you leave here?” “Ten years ago,” John answered. “You haven’t changed a lot, either,” John said. It was polite of John to say so, but it wasn’t true. Sue seemed like an old lady. The next day John walked through the small town alone. The place had already changed a lot. There was a new bus stop, a new post office, a new car park and lots of traffic signs. He remembered suddenly that the bus used to stop anywhere. You just put up your hand and it stopped. Everything had changed. To John’s surprise, he didn’t recognize (认出) anybody at all. Maybe everybody seemed old. He went into a shop and bought some things. Then he asked the boss, “Where are all the children and young people?” “Children?” he said. “They’re in school, of course. There are three or four young families here.” At lunch, Sue said, “Do you think it is still a beautiful place, John?” “It’s all different, Sue. It used to be an exciting place, but now it’s full of old people. I don’t understand,” John said. 61．How old was John when he left the small town? 62．Where did the bus use to stop in the small town? 63．Why was John surprised? 64．Which changes in your hometown surprised you most? Why? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】 61．40 years old. 62． The bus used to stop anywhere. 63． Because he didn’t recognize anybody at all. 64．The new community library surprised me most. It used to be a small old house with few books, but now it has thousands of books and free Wi­Fi. That lets us read and study comfortably anytime. (开放试题，答案不唯一) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了五十岁的约翰回到阔别十年的家乡，发现家乡的建筑、交通以及人群都发生了巨大变化，令他感到惊讶和不解。 【详解】61．根据第一段中“John is a fifty-year-old worker.”以及后续的问答“‘When did you leave here?’‘Ten years ago.’”可知，约翰今年五十岁，十年前离开家乡，因此离开时是四十岁。 62．根据第二段中“He remembered suddenly that the bus used to stop anywhere.”可知，过去公交车随处都能停靠。 63．根据第三段中“To John’s surprise, he didn’t recognize anybody at all.”可知，他完全认不出镇上任何人，这件事让他十分吃惊。 64．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，要求写出家乡最令你惊讶的变化及原因，字数需30词以上。结合生活实际，语法正确，逻辑通顺即可。 $