主题语境20 对社会有突出贡献的人物（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（话题版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“对社会有突出贡献的人物”主题，通过阅读、完形、写作三维训练，系统培养细节定位、逻辑推理及规范表达能力，融合语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇8题|细节定位（如人物行为）、推理判断（如性格推断）|以人物经历为线索，构建“背景-影响-成就”认知链条| |完形填空|1篇15题|语境词义辨析、逻辑关系分析（如因果/顺承）|通过救援场景，训练事件发展脉络的理解与连贯表达| |应用文写作|1篇范文|“简介-贡献-感想”三段式结构|从输入（人物理解）到输出（书面表达），实现语言能力迁移|

主题语境20　对社会有突出贡献的人物　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For Mireille Kamariza, a graduate student at one of the world's top universities, the fight against tuberculosis (TB) (结核病), which sickens nearly 10 million people a year, is not just about scientific progress and reputation. It's personal. Kamariza grew up in the small African country of Burundi, where many around her were stricken with TB. In Burundi, it's rare for girls to attend college. “Science was something that Europeans and Americans did，” she says. “It was for other people－not for me.” “I never dreamt Kamariza would become a scientist because it is a career path that is unknown in Burundi，” says Denise Sinankwa, Kamariza's mother. She and her husband were raising four kids, and Sinankwa often did multiple jobs to feed the family. But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school. She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself. When Kamariza was 17, she went to San Diego, US, in the fall of 2006 with her brothers. They took various jobs at grocery stores, restaurants and shops. At San Diego Mesa College, she met Saloua Saidane, her chemistry teacher, who was a fellow French­speaking African. “She started my journey into science. She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high. Whatever she told me, I did，” says Kamariza. She is now a graduate student at Stanford University. Kamariza wanted to focus on infectious disease. So she started brainstorming with her partner, another graduate student, to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB. They eventually came up with a new test that recognises a sugar, called trehalose, that is only found in TB bacteria (细菌). Current TB tests take a lot of time and effort and are not very sensitive－some infections are missed. TB cultures are more reliable but take six weeks to produce a result. Kamariza's methods could make TB diagnoses simpler and more accurate. In 2018, Harvard offered Kamariza a position in its Society of Fellows. “I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，” she says. “At that point, it's not about me any more. It's what I represent.” 1．What can we infer about Denise Sinankwa? A．She once got infected with TB. B．She dreamt about being a scientist. C．She valued her daughter's education. D．She encouraged her kids to study science. 2．What does Kamariza say about Saloua Saidane? A．Saidane had a big influence on her. B．Saidane seldom spoke highly of her. C．Saidane had unrealistic expectations. D．Saidane was unfriendly to her students. 3．Why did Kamariza work with her partner? A．To shorten the time used to cure TB. B．To produce more reliable TB cultures. C．To develop a faster test to diagnose TB. D．To figure out the bacteria leading to TB. 4．What can we learn from Kamariza's experience? A．Luck often plays a vital part in scientific research. B．We should pursue our passions despite difficulties. C．Hard work does not necessarily pay off eventually. D．Scientific progress and the reputation matter equally. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病方法的故事。 1．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段“But Sinankwa still pushed Kamariza to do well in school. She wanted her daughter to land a good­paying job and be able to support herself.(但是Sinankwa仍然督促Kamariza在学校取得好成绩。她希望女儿能找到一份收入不错的工作，能够养活自己。)”可知，Denise Sinankwa重视女儿的教育。] 2．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“‘She started my journey into science. She really pushed me and kept motivating me and telling me I should aim high. Whatever she told me, I did，’ says Kamariza.( ‘她开启了我的科学之旅。她真的鞭策我，不断激励我，告诉我应该志存高远。无论她告诉我什么，我都照做了。’Kamariza说。)”可知，Kamariza认为Saloua Saidane对她影响很大。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段“So she started brainstorming with her partner, another graduate student, to figure out a quicker way to diagnose TB.(因此，她开始与她的搭档，另一名研究生，进行头脑风暴，找出一种更快的诊断结核病的方法。)”可知，Kamariza要和她的搭档合作是为了研发一种更快的结核病诊断方法。] 4．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I'm the first black woman biologist at the society，' she says. ‘At that point, it's not about me any more. It's what I represent.’(‘我是该协会的第一位黑人女性生物学家，’她说。‘在那个时候，一切都不再是关于我了。这就是我所代表的。’)”结合文章讲述了生于布隆迪的Mireille Kamariza通过努力成为一名科学家并研发出了一种更快诊断结核病的方法的故事。可知，Kamariza的经历告诉我们即使困难重重，我们应该追求我们的激情。] B It took an ill screech owl (鸣角鸮) to teach a scientist the value of up­close­and­personal study. In his Harvad talk, Carl Safina, an ecologist and author of Alfie and Me: What Owls Know, What Humans Believe, recalled that the chick was found dying in his backyard. Safina took it in and planned to nurse it back to health and then perform release. But the owlet's flight feathers didn't grow properly. Safina delayed the release. Over those extended months, Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him. “An owl found me and then I was watching ‘an owl’，” he said. “It was no longer an owl after a while, it was ‘she’ because she had a history with me. This little owl, who was with me much longer than I thought she would be, became an individual to me by that history and all those interactions.” The bond with Alfie strengthened to the point that, when she was finally released, she created a territory with Safina's home at its center. Safina was able to spend hours each day observing her in the woods as she learned to take care of herself in the wild, met two mates, and raised chicks of her own. When he heard Alfie calling, Safina said, he'd call back and she'd land nearby. Their closeness allowed him to learn more things about screech owls. Field guides, for example, describe two known calls but he identified six, some of which you have to be quite close to hear. The relationship also opened a window for Safina onto personality differences between Alfie and her mates. When pointed out that his approach to Alfie—including the act of naming her—ran counter to widespread scientific practice, Safina said he wasn't concerned about violating (违反) convention, particularly if something interesting like individual personality differences among owls could be learned. The experience caused Safina to think more deeply about humankind's relationship with nature and the kind of personal connection he was able to feel with a wild individual. “What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient (有情感的) beings seek a feeling of well­being and freedom of movement，” Safina said. “That's a guide to what's right and what's wrong to me.” 5．What do we know about Alfie? A．She developed a close bond with Safina. B．She was a fictional character in Safina's book. C．She intentionally landed in Safina's backyard. D．She was dying because of the broken flight feathers. 6．What happened after Safina released Alfie? A．Alfie chose to stay with Safina at his home. B．They maintained a continous communication. C．Alfie met mates and raised chicks by herself. D．Safina kept his distance from her to prevent attachment. 7．What did Safina achieve in his study? A．Recording six different calls of the screech owl. B．Identifying different types of owls by their calls. C．Learning how to release owls back into the wild. D．Understanding personality differences among owls. 8．How did Safina's experience with Alfie impact him? A．He became more focused on exploring nature. B．He initiated his commitment to wildlife conservation. C．He developed a deep appreciation for the welfare of living creatures. D．He decided to guide readers to distinguish between right and wrong. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生态学家Carl Safina与一只名叫Alfie的鸣角鸮的故事，以及这段经历对他的影响。 5．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over those extended months, Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him.(在那些漫长的月份里，萨菲纳以一种感动并改变他的方式了解了阿尔菲。)”根据第三段“This little owl, who was with me much longer than I thought she would be, became an individual to me by that history and all those interactions.(这只小猫头鹰，它和我在一起的时间比我想象的要长得多，通过那段历史和所有这些互动，它成为了我的一部分。)”可知，Safina与Alfie建立了紧密的联系。] 6．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When he heard Alfie calling, Safina said, he'd call back and she'd land nearby.(当他听到阿尔菲的叫声时，萨菲纳说，他会回应，她就会降落在附近。)”可知，他们保持了持续的交流。] 7．D　[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The relationship also opened a window for Safina onto personality differences between Alfie and her mates.(这种关系也为萨菲纳打开了一个窗口，让他看到阿尔菲和她的伴侣之间的性格差异。)”可知，Safina理解了猫头鹰之间的性格差异。] 8．C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感的) beings seek a feeling of well­being and freedom of movement，’Safina said. ‘That's a guide to what's right and what's wrong to me.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是，所有有情感的生物都寻求幸福感和自由的移动，’萨菲纳说。‘这对我来说是判断对错的指南。’)”可知，Safina对生物的幸福产生了深深的欣赏。] Ⅱ.完形填空 Among the chaos of Hurricane Francine, a dramatic rescue unfolded on live television. On the evening of Wednesday, September 11, Miles Crawford, an off­duty emergency nurse in Lakeview, Louisiana，__1__ when he learned someone was __2__ in a sinking pickup truck in floodwaters just 200 feet from his home. At around 8∶45 p. m．， Crawford received a(n) __3__ text from his brother, saying that a news crew accidentally caught a(n) __4__ scene. A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it. Without hesitation, Crawford ran to the __5__. As Crawford approached the sinking truck, a police officer told him about the __6__ conditions. Despite the warning, Crawford quickly took __7__ into his own hands. At the sudden realization of the __8__ of a tool to break the window, he dashed back to his house to grab a hammer. When he __9__ the chest­high floodwaters and reached the vehicle, the water had __10__ the driver's chin, and time was running out. Crawford __11__ the man to move to the back of the truck, where the water was __12__ shallower, and broke the back window with his hammer. He pulled the man out, guided him through the floodwaters, and helped him climb over to __13__. Just 10 minutes later, the truck __14__ fully into the water. Crawford said his background as an emergency nurse helped him stay __15__ throughout the rescue. “I'm used to high stress and high level of things on a daily basis，” he told news reporters. 1．A.jumped at the offer　　B．sprang into action C．drew a conclusion D．rose to his feet 2．A.recognized B．filled C．caught D．abandoned 3．A.unacceptable B．unbelievable C．unavoidable D．unexpected 4．A.heartbreaking B．fun­filled C．painstaking D．eye­catching 5．A.stage B．concert C．scene D．theatre 6．A.unique B．stable C．secure D．dangerous 7．A.claims B．matters C．choices D．contributions 8．A.delivery B．control C．need D．loss 9．A.worked out B．checked out C．looked into D．dived into 10．A.attacked B．washed C．reached D．damaged 11．A.appointed B．instructed C．threatened D．promised 12．A.slightly B．typically C．dramatically D．previously 13．A.comfort B．distance C．square D．safety 14．A.bumped B．sank C．collapsed D．exploded 15．A.calm B．fair C．smart D．different [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了迈尔斯·克劳福德救出掉入水中卡车司机的故事。 1．B　[考查动词词组辨析。句意：9月11日星期三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救护士迈尔斯·克劳福德 (Miles Crawford) 在得知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。A.jumped at the offer欣然接受提议；B.sprang into action迅速采取行动；C.drew a conclusion得出结论；D.rose to his feet站起身来。由下文“Without hesitation, Crawford ran to the___5__.”可知，这里指克劳福德在知道卡车困在水中后“迅速采取行动”。故选B项。] 2．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月11日星期三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救护士迈尔斯·克劳福德(Miles Crawford)在得知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。A.recognized认出；B.filled填充；C.caught抓住；D.abandoned遗弃。由下文“with the driver stuck in it”可知，这里指有人“困于”车里，be caught in，表“陷于”，符合句意。故选C项。] 3．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令人心碎的场景。A.unacceptable不可接受的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.unexpected想不到的，意外的。由下文“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it”以及语境可知，这消息是克劳福德“意外”收到的。故选D项。] 4．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令人心碎的场景。A.heartbreaking令人心碎的；B.fun­filled充满乐趣的；C.painstaking刻苦的；D.eye­catching引人注目的。由下文“A vehicle dived into a nearby canal with the driver stuck in it”可知，这是一个“令人心碎的”的场景。故选A项。] 5．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德毫不犹豫地跑到了现场。 A．stage阶段；B.concert音乐会；C.scene场景，现场；D.theatre剧院。由下文“Crawford approached the sinking truck”可知，这里指克劳福德到达了“现场”。故选C项。] 6．D　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当克劳福德走近正在下沉的卡车时，一名警察告诉他危险的情况。A.unique独特的；B.stable稳定的；C.secure安全的；D.dangerous危险的。由下文“Despite the warning”可知，这里指一名警察告诉他“危险的”情况。故选D项。] 7．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有警告，克劳福德还是很快把事情掌握在自己手中。A.claims索赔；B.matters事情；C.choices选项；D.contributions贡献。由下文“he dashed back to his house to grab a hammer”可知，这里指克劳福德把救人“事情”掌握在自己手中。故选B项。] 8．C　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然意识到需要一个工具来打破车窗，他冲回家里抓起一把锤子。A.delivery递送；B.control递送；C.need需求，需要；D.loss损失。由下文“he dashed back to his house to grab a hammer”可知，这里指“需要”用一个工具来打破车窗。故选C项。] 9．D　[考查动词词组辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的下巴，时间不多了。A.worked out算出；B.checked out检查；C.looked into调查；D.dived into潜入水中。由下文“the chest­high floodwaters”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德“潜入水中”准备救人。故选D项。] 10．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的下巴，时间不多了。A.attacked攻击；B.washed洗涤；C.reached达到；D.damaged损坏。由下文“the driver's chin”以及语境可知，这里指河水快“达到”司机的下巴，司机快被淹了。故选C项。] 11．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子砸碎了后窗。A.appointed任命；B.instructed指示；C.threatened威胁；D.promised承诺。由上文“the water had___10__the driver's chin”可知，水已经到达了司机的下巴，所以克劳福德“指示”他去卡车后部以免被淹。故选B项。] 12．A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子砸碎了后窗。A.slightly稍微地；B.typically通常；C.dramatically戏剧性地；D.previously先前地。由下文“shallower”以及语境可知，这里指卡车尾部水“稍微”浅一点。故选A项。] 13．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把那个人拉了出来，引导他穿过洪水，并帮助他爬到安全地带。 A．comfort舒适；B.distance距离；C.square广场；D.safety安全。由上文“He pulled the man out”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德把那个人拉了出来并带他爬到“安全”地带。故选D项。] 14．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅10分钟后，卡车就完全沉入水中。A.bumped撞到；B.sank沉没；C.collapsed坍塌；D.exploded爆炸。由上文“in a sinking pickup truck”以及语境可知，这里指10分钟后，卡车就完全“沉没”于水中。故选B项。] 15．A　[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德说，他作为一名急救护士的背景帮助他在整个救援过程中保持冷静。A.calm冷静的；B.fair公平的；C.smart聪明的；D.different不同的。由下文“I'm used to high stress and high level of things on a daily basis”可知，克劳福德习惯于每天承受高压力和高水平的事情，所以在整个救人过程中很“冷静”。故选A项。] Ⅲ. 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你们班本周将举行一次英文主题班会，介绍为人类做出突出贡献的人物。请你写一篇短文，内容包括： 1．人物简介； 2．做出的贡献； 3．你的感想。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Tu Youyou Tu Youyou is a great Chinese medical scientist. Determined to help those suffering from malaria, TuYouyou devoted most of her time to finding the cure. Luckily, her efforts paid off. In 2015, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering artemisinin, which is the key to the treatment of malaria. Behind her success were numerous failures and setbacks, but never did she give up. So great is her contribution to the world that she has become an idol of many people, including me. Inspired by her story, I decide to study harder so as to realize my dream. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $