主题语境10 创新与创业意识（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（话题版）

**基本信息** 聚焦创新与创业主题语境，通过多文体语篇系统训练阅读理解核心题型，提炼细节定位、逻辑推理等实用解题方法，构建“主题-题型-方法”三维知识逻辑，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A/B/C/D）|4篇（应用文/记叙文/说明文）|细节理解定位法、推理判断逻辑分析法、主旨大意概括法、词义猜测语境法|围绕创新主题，由博物馆介绍、青少年发明等具体案例到抽象解题方法，形成“主题引领-语篇输入-方法提炼”链条| |阅读七选五|1篇（说明文）|段落衔接分析法|以“提升创造力”为主题，通过段落逻辑关系训练，强化语篇结构理解能力|

主题语境10　创新与创业意识　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The best museums in Washington, D. C Visiting the best museums in D. C. can get a bit overwhelming, but we' re here to guide you to the galleries and spaces you can't miss－whether you're into modern art, pop culture and African American history. Trust us, there's something for you. National Museum of African American History and Culture The most iconic museum in D. C．， the National Museum of African American History and Culture, has eight floors of fascinating historical exhibits. Here, you'll find tributes (致敬) to historical figures, moments, and events that have shaped America's past and present day. National Museum of African Art The museum opened in 1987, and its primary focus is ancient and contemporary work from sub­Saharan Africa. The museum draws visitors into different aspects of African art and culture. The rich ceremonial clothes and textiles, including blankets made in Mali and embroidered (刺绣的) hunters' shirts, are a must­see. National Museum of Natural History It is iconic on the Mall. The museum has longtime favorites like the Hope Diamond, which has drawn crowds for over sixty years, and state­of­the­art exhibits like the Hall of North American Mammals. The Hall of Fossils is a must­see－visitors may feel as if they've traveled back in time. But don't worry, these dinosaurs don't bite. Dinosaur fossils are posed interacting with each other, even engaged in life­and­death battles. Smithsonian American Art Museum/National Portrait Gallery The National Portrait Gallery and American Art Museum take up two sides of the same interconnected building. The Portrait Gallery houses the only complete collection of U. S. Presidents' portraits, while the American Art Museum houses important works by American artists, including Edward Hopper and Georgia O' Keefe. 1．What is one of the main features of the National Museum of African American History and Culture? A．A collection of presidential portraits. B．The scene of many historical events. C．Exhibitions dedicated to African historical figures. D．Eight floors of exhibits covering African American history. 2．What special things can visitors expect to see at the National Museum of African Art? A．The Hall of Fossils. B．Blankets made in 1987. C．Ancient and contemporary African art. D．Visitors from different cultures. 3．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An academic article. B．A science magazine. C．A guidance brochure. D．An educational website. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了位于华盛顿特区的几个值得参观的博物馆。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据“National Museum of African American History and Culture”部分中的“The most iconic museum in D. C．， the National Museum of African American History and Culture, has eight floors of fascinating historical exhibits. Here, you'll find tributes (致敬) to historical figures, moments, and events that have shaped America's past and present day.”可知，非裔美国人历史文化国家博物馆的主要特色是八层楼的非裔美国人历史展览。故选D项。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据“National Museum of African Art”部分中“The museum opened in 1987, and its primary focus is ancient and contemporary work from sub­Saharan Africa. The museum draws visitors into different aspects of African art and culture.”可知，游客们在国立非洲艺术博物馆(National Museum of African Art)能看到非洲古代和当代艺术品。故选C项。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Visiting the best museums in D. C. can get...there's something for you.”可知，文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区多个不可错过的博物馆，涵盖现代艺术、流行文化和非裔美国人历史等多个领域。由此可推知，本文最有可能来源于一本旅游指南手册。故选C项。] B Heman Bekele is not your typical high school student.Rather than spending his free time playing video games or staring at his phone, this 14 year­old from Fairfax, Virginia was calling professors and conducting experiments, all to create a soap that could treat skin cancer, and to make it affordable for everyone who needs it.His work won him the grand prize in this year's 3M Young Scientist's Challenge, a competition that encourages kids to think of unique ways to solve everyday problems. Growing up in Ethiopia, Bekele found in pity that people working outside were likely to end up getting skin cancer.Skin cancer did have cures and was treatable in most cases.However, the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40,000.Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution.He started doing experiments and working on different things, and that turned into his bar of soap as a project. A lot of his research and development started in his family's kitchen and in his basement.But as he reached the final of the competition, he realized that he did need to do a little bit more outside of just his house.So he reached out to people at University of Virginia and people at Georgetown, and he got a lot of assistance.The number one person would be Deborah Isabelle, who helped him organize and structure his ideas during the finalist competition.Bekele said that he definitely couldn't have done that all by himself. Bekele's award­winning soap is a compound based bar of soap and it's charged with different cancer fighting chemicals.The color of the soap is a bit of a dark type of white and it has a rough surface, which could be a good exfoliant(去角质剂)．It does have a strong medicine smell and feel a bit stickier.The whole point of it is that even once you wash off the soaps, the medicinal parts will stay on your skin.It can activate the body's immune cells to defend cancer. Bekele won 25,000 prize money and he was going to use it to continue research.He said, “I still need a lot of resources to be able to conduct this research, so this money will definitely help me achieve it.” 4．Why did Heman Bekele start working on creating the soap? A．Because he thought it was a fun project. B．Because he wanted to win a science competition. C．Because he found skin cancer treatment unaffordable. D．Because he wanted to create a unique soap for everyone. 5．What can we learn from Bekele's preparations for the final? A．Well begun is half done. B．Learn humbly, ask willingly. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 6．What is paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．What features the soap has. B．How the soap is used. C．What chemicals the soap contains. D．How the soap is produced. 7．Which words can be used to describe Bekele according to the passage? A．Patient and talented. B．Friendly and ambitious. C．Cautious and generous. D．Caring and devoted. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位14岁学生Heman Bekele，通过自身努力和不断寻求帮助，发明了一种普通人能负担起的抗击皮肤癌的肥皂，因此获得了“美国顶尖年轻科学家”的称号。 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中 “Skin cancer did have cures and was treatable in most cases. However, the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40,000. Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution.”可知， Heman Bekele 正是因为发现很多皮肤癌患者负担不起治疗费用，才决心发明治疗皮肤癌的肥皂，让人们能够负担得起治疗费用。故选 C项。] 5．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“So he reached out to people at University of Virginia and people at Georgetown, and he got a lot of assistance. The number one person would be Deborah Isabelle, who helped him organize and structure his ideas during the finalist competition.”可知，Heman Bekele 在最后阶段寻求了很多外界的帮助。A 是“良好的开端是成功的一半”；B 是“虚心学习，乐意请教”；C 是“事实胜于雄辩”；D 是“抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算”。故选 B项。] 6．A　[主旨大意题。根据第四段“Bekele's award­winning soap is a compound based bar of soap and ... can activate the body's immune cells to defend cancer.”(Bekele的获奖肥皂是一种复合肥皂，它含有不同的抗癌化学物质。肥皂的颜色有点暗白色，表面粗糙，可能是一种很好的去角质剂。它确实有强烈的药味，摸起来有点粘。重点是，即使你洗掉了肥皂，药用成分也会留在你的皮肤上。它可以激活人体的免疫细胞来防御癌症。)可知，该段主要描述了肥皂的成分、颜色、气味和功效等特征。故选 A项。] 7．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, the average price of skin cancer treatment globally was almost $40,000. Those shocking statistics really inspired him to create a more accessible solution.”可知Heman Bekele关心他人；又根据第一段中“Rather than spending his free time ...affordable for everyone who needs it.”；以及最后一段“Bekele won 25,000 prize money and he was going to use it to continue research.”(Bekele赢得了2.5万美元的奖金，他打算用这笔钱继续研究。)可知，他全心全意地投入到研究抗癌肥皂。故选 D项。] C Phineas T. Barnum is the best­known circus business owner of the nineteenth century. He excelled as a showman, and throughout his career in the entertainment business, he promoted many different forms of attractions. Barnum's first industry was as a newspaper owner. He also worked as a writer and publisher. His enduring fame, however, is as a showman. Barnum considered this to be his main talent and he never changed this view of his character. T. Barnum's entertainment interests covered museums, traveling dance troupes (团), and even the mid­century US tour by Jenny Lind, the Swedish singer. He was, by nature, a risk­taker, and usually gained success from the most unlikely enterprises. Barnum was willing to adopt any tactic_that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New York included hoaxes and freaks (恶作剧和怪物), both human and animal. This was not unusual by the standards of the time, but even he felt the need to prove his hoaxes fair, as advertising tricks. Barnum's unbounded self­confidence meant he never doubted his ability to make a success of any business. He opened America's first aquarium (水馆) and opened a theater in New York that was the largest and most modern in the city. He aimed to change the public knowledge of theaters, and in this, he largely succeeded. He made theater­going respectable. Determination and hard work featured majorly in the qualities that Barnum displayed, and he frequently spoke about the necessity of both. He believed success only came to those who worked for it and knew they had the self­determination necessary. He also stated the necessity of understanding the business that a person was running. Knowledge and experience counted for much in Barnum's life, and he certainly knew the entertainment business. Success in life, according to Barnum, could only be achieved when a person is in good health. He advised that getting healthy and maintaining a healthy body and mind would lead to happiness as well as success. 8．What did Barnum think was his most successful career? A．A writer.　　　　 B．A publisher. C．A showman. D．A newspaper owner. 9．What does the underlined word “tactic” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Media. B．Strategy. C．Support. D．Opportunity. 10．Why does the author mention Barnum's success in opening the aquarium and theater? A．To show Barnum's firm beliefs in his own capacity. B．To tell us chances are important for any business. C．To explain what kind of business was successful. D．To indicate how bad people's life was at that time. 11．Which of the following can best describe Barnum and his business? A．Eventful. B．Adventurous. C．Unsteady. D．Outstanding. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了娱乐大亨Phineas T. Barnum的职业生涯。 8．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“His enduring fame, however, is as a showman. Barnum considered this to be his main talent and he never changed this view of his character.(然而，他持久的名声是作为一名娱乐经理人。Barnum认为这是他的主要天赋，他从未改变对自己特点的看法。)”可知，Barnum认为他作为娱乐经理人是最成功的。故选C项。] 9．B　[词句猜测题。根据第四段“Barnum was willing to adopt any tactic that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New York included hoaxes and freaks, both human and animal. This was not unusual by the standards of the time, but even he felt the need to prove his hoaxes fair, as advertising tricks.”可知，Barnum愿意采用任何策略来宣传其业务，并证明其策略是合理的，推测划线单词表示“策略”，与strategy同义。故选B项。] 10．A　[推理判断题。根据第五段“Barnum's unbounded self­confidence meant he never ... largely succeeded. (Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力。他开设了美国第一家水族馆，并在纽约开设了一家剧院，这是该市最大、最现代化的剧院。他旨在改变公众对戏剧的认知，并在这方面取得了很大的成功。)”可知，作者提到Barnum在水族馆和剧院方面的成功，是为了展示Barnum对自己能力的坚定自信。故选A项。] 11．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段“He excelled as a showman, and throughout his career in the entertainment business, he promoted many different forms of attractions.(作为一名娱乐经理人，他表现出色，在娱乐业的整个职业生涯中，他推广了许多不同形式的景点。)”、第三段“He was, by nature, a risk­taker, and usually gained success from the most unlikely enterprises.(他天生就是一个冒险者，通常从最不可能的企业那里获得成功。)”、第五段“Barnum's unbounded self­confidence meant he never doubted his ability to make a success of any business.(Barnum的无限自信意味着他从不怀疑自己在任何业务上取得成功的能力。)”以及文章内容可知，Barnum在许多行业取得成功，并对自己的能力具备自信，所以Barnum及其事业是杰出的。故选D项。] D Like most people, you have probably lost count of the number of perfect­looking shoes you have thrown away simply because the rubber soles (橡胶鞋底) are broken. In addition to the expense, it is also harmful to our environment. Now, thanks to a revolutionary self­healing 3­D printed rubber material, broken shoe soles may be a thing of the past. The magical polymer (聚合物) is developed by the researchers at the University of Southern California's (USC) and the University of Connecticut (UConn) . The team, led by USC Assistant Professor Qiming Wang, created it through a process called photopolymerization, which uses light to solidify the liquid used to create 3­D printed plastic. The researchers found that adding the right amount of oxidant (氧化剂) to the liquid allowed the 3­D polymer to heal (愈合) without slowing down the hardening process. “When we gradually increase the oxidant, the self­healing behavior becomes stronger, but the photopolymerization behavior becomes weaker，” explained Wang. “There is competition between these two behaviors.” The team, who published the findings in the journal NPG Asia Materials on February 1st,2019, state that the repair time can be reduced by increasing the room temperature. “If you just put a broken shoe on a bench at room temperature, the rubber will heal itself in six to eight hours，” Wang said. “If you apply heat at maybe 60℃， that expedites the healing process to about two hours.” Given the material's huge potential, it is not surprising to hear that Wang and his team have been approached by several shoe­making companies eager to be the first to use the technology, which is still in the early stages. Once perfected, the scientists also hope to apply the technique to hard plastics that can be used to create self­healing toys, electronics, vehicle parts, and, if Wang has his way, even tires. 12．How do the researchers make 3­D printed plastic self­heal? A．By changing the amount of light used. B．By raising the temperature at which it is used. C．By increasing the hardening speed of the liquid. D．By adding the proper amount of oxidant to the liquid. 13．What can be inferred from the text? A．The creation of 3­D printed plastic doesn't need light. B．The surrounding temperature determines the speed of healing. C．Many shoe making companies got the right to use the technology. D．Throwing away broken shoe soles has been a thing of the past. 14．What does the underlined word “expedites” mean? A．Strengthens. B．Delays. C．Accelerates. D．Worsens. 15．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．Self­healing shoes may be in our future. B．3­D printing technology makes a difference. C．Self­healing technology will serve many fields. D．A revolution of rubber soles has changed our life. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一种新的产品：会自我修复的三维打印鞋底。研究人员发现，在液体中加入适量的氧化剂可以使3D聚合物在不减慢硬化过程的情况下愈合，且周围的温度决定了愈合的速度。这意味着自愈合鞋可能会出现在我们的未来。 12．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers found that adding the right amount of oxidant (氧化剂) to the liquid allowed the 3­D polymer to heal (愈合) without slowing down the hardening process.可知研究人员发现，在液体中加入适量的氧化剂可以使3D聚合物在不减慢硬化过程的情况下愈合。由此可知，研究人员通过向液体中加入适量的氧化剂使3D打印塑料自愈。故选D。] 13．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“If you just put a broken shoe on a bench at room temperature, the rubber will heal itself in six to eight hours，” Wang said. “If you apply heat at maybe 60℃， that expedites the healing process to about two hours.”可知王说：“如果你把一只破鞋子放在室温下的凳子上，橡胶会在6到8小时内自行愈合。”“如果你在60摄氏度的温度下加热，愈合过程会加快到大约两个小时。”由此可推知周围的温度决定了愈合的速度。故选B。] 14．C　[词义猜测题。根据上文If you just put a broken shoe on a bench at room temperature, the rubber will heal itself in six to eight hours以及后文the healing process to about two hours.可知如果你只是把破鞋子放在室温下的凳子上，橡胶会在6到8小时内自行愈合，如果你在60摄氏度的温度下加热，那样expedites愈合过程到两个小时左右。时间缩短了，自然是加快了愈合过程。可知划线单词意思为“加快，加速”。故选C。] 15．A　[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中Now, thanks to a revolutionary self­healing 3­D printed rubber material, broken shoe soles may be a thing of the past.可知现在，由于一种革命性的自修复3D打印橡胶材料，破损的鞋底可能成为历史。结合文章主要内容为说明这种可以自我修复的3D打印鞋底。故A选项“自愈合鞋可能会出现在我们的未来”符合文章标题。故选A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2024·辽宁鞍山市高三质检)Creativity is all about finding new ways of solving problems. If you've ever wanted to increase your creativity, these tips can help. Devote yourself to creativity The first step to increase creativity is to devote yourself to developing your creative abilities. Do not put off your efforts. __1__. For example, if you are interested in painting, schedule time regularly to learn and practice your skills. Become an expert __2__. By having a rich understanding of the topic, you will be better able to think of innovative solutions to problems. Explore multiple solutions The next time you meet a problem, try looking for a variety of solutions. Instead of simply going with the first idea you have, take the time to think of other possible ways to solve the problem. __3__. Take risks When it comes to building your creative skills, you must be willing to take risks to improve your abilities. __4__， you will still be improving your creative talents and building skills that will serve you well in the future. For example, sharing your work in a creative writing course might feel frightening, but the comments you receive from classmates and teachers can be valuable. __5__ Never expect creativity to just happen. Look for new sources of inspiration that will give you fresh ideas and motivate you to get unique answers to questions. Read a book, visit a museum, listen to your favorite music or engage in a lively debate with a friend. A．Look for inspiration B．Brainstorm new ideas C．Find time each day to develop your skills D．Although your efforts may not lead to success every time E．Since one way to solve problems is by learning from creative people F．One of the best ways to develop creativity is to become an expert in this area G．This simple activity is a great way to build problem­solving and creative thinking skills [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些提高创造力的建议。 1．C　[根据上文“The first step to increase creativity is to devote yourself to developing your creative abilities. Do not put off your efforts.”以及后文“For example, if you are interested in painting, schedule time regularly to learn and practice your skills.”可知，后文提到了“定期安排时间学习和练习你的技能”，说明本句是在建议安排时间发展技能。故C选项“每天找时间发展你的技能”符合语境。] 2．F　[根据小标题“Become an expert”以及后文“By having a rich understanding of the topic, you will be better able to think of innovative solutions to problems.”可知，本段的主题是成为专家，F选项中expert对应标题中的expert。故F选项“培养创造力的最好方法之一就是成为这一领域的专家”符合语境。] 3．G　[根据上文“The next time you meet a problem, try looking for a variety of solutions. Instead of simply going with the first idea you have, take the time to think of other possible ways to solve the problem.”可知，上文提到“花点时间想想其他可能解决问题的方法”，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因：培养解决问题和创造性思维技能的好方法。故G选项“这个简单的活动是培养解决问题和创造性思维技能的好方法”符合语境。] 4．D　[根据上文“When it comes to building your creative skills, you must be willing to take risks to improve your abilities.”以及后文“you will still be improving your creative talents and building skills that will serve you well in the future.”可知，本句与后文构成转折关系，指出努力不一定每次都能成功，但仍然可以提高你的创造力和技能，故D选项“虽然你的努力不一定每次都能成功”符合语境。] 5．A　[根据本段内容“Never expect creativity to just happen. Look for new sources of inspiration that will give you fresh ideas and motivate you to get unique answers to questions. Read a book, visit a museum, listen to your favorite music or engage in a lively debate with a friend.”可知，本段的主旨是寻找灵感来源，故A选项“寻找灵感”符合语境，适合做本段标题。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $