第2部分 主题群5 主题语境20 对社会有突出贡献的人物（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（话题版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦“对社会有突出贡献的人物”主题语境，整合人教版、北师版等教材相关单元，系统梳理核心词汇（分类识记阅读、核心、拓展词）、核心短语（分组背练）、经典句式（倍数表达、强调句型等）及主题阅读与写作考点，通过考点梳理、方法指导（如词汇多维练透、句式写作迁移）、真题训练（2023新课标Ⅰ卷等语篇）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料创新采用“分类-分组-迁移”复习策略，如词汇通过“记准记牢-用准用活”分层练习提升语言能力，真题语篇分析培养思维品质，应用文写作从基础表达到句式升级强化学习能力。设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保学生高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

主题语境20　对社会有突出贡献的人物 话题与教材 人教版 选择性必修第一册：UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 北师版 必修第二册：UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE 译林版 必修第三册：Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world [Part 1]　识记重点单词 [第一组] 1．artemisinin/ɑtI'misInIn/ n．[药]青蒿素 2．authority/ɔ'θɒrəti/ n．权威；权力；官方 3．boil/bɔIl/ vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 4．botanical/bə'tænIk(ə)l/ adj.植物学的 5．charge/tʃɑdʒ/ vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 6．circumstance/'sɜkəmstəns/ n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 7．conduct/kən'dʌkt/ vt.&vi.组织；实施；指挥；引导；举止 8．credit/'kredIt/ n．赞扬；认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归功于 9．crucial/'kruʃ(ə)l/ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 10．data/'deItə/ n．数据，资料，材料 11．doctorate/'dɒktərət/ n．博士学位 12．draft/drɑft/ n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟 13．encounter/In'kaʊntə(r)/ vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇 14．easy­going/izi 'ɡəʊIŋ/ adj.随和的；温和宽容的 15．experiment/Ik'sperImənt/ n．实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 16．extract/'ekstrækt/ n．提取物；摘录 /Ik'strækt/vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 17．extraordinary/Ik'strɔd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 18．flee/fli/ vi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑 19．found/faʊnd/ vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 [第二组] 20．genius/'dʒiniəs/ n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 21．institute/'InstItjut/ n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑 22．liquid/'lIkwId/ n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 23．malaria/mə'leəriə/ n．疟疾 24．mourn/mɔn/ vt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤 25．obtain/əb'teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得 vi.(规则、习俗等)存在；流行；沿袭 26．outspoken/aʊt'spəʊkən/ adj.直言的；坦诚的 27．patent/'peIt(ə)nt; 'pæt(ə)nt/ n．专利权；专利证书 v．获得专利权 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的 28．postpone/pə'spəʊn/ vt.延迟，延期 29．professor/prə'fesə(r)/ n．教授 30．publish/'pʌblIʃ/ vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 31．remarkable/rI'mɑkəb(ə)l/ adj.非凡的；显著的 32．severe/sI'vIə(r)/ adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 33．standout/'stændaʊt/ adj.突出的 n．突出的人(或物) 34．substance/'sʌbstəns/ n．物质；物品；事实根据；内容；重要性 35．theory/'θIəri/ n．理论；学说 36．warm­hearted/wɔm 'hɑtId/ adj.热心肠的 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 [第三组] 37．academy/ə'kædəmi/ n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的 38．acknowledge/ək'nɒlIdʒ/ vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 39．analyse/'ænəlaIz/ (NAmE－ze) vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析 40．apparently/ə'pærəntli/ adv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.明显的；清晰可见的；表面上的 41．commit/kə'mIt/ vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间)vi.忠于(某个人、机构等)；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺；花费 42．contribute/kən'trIbjuːt/ vi.&vt.有助于，促进；贡献；投稿；捐助→contribution [C]n.促进作用；贡献；出资；捐赠物；稿件 43．curious/'kjʊəriəs/ adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→curiosity n．好奇心；求知欲→curiously adv.好奇地 44．declare/dI'kleə(r)/ vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→declaration n．宣称；公布，宣布 45．evaluate/I'væljueIt/ vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估 46．gradual/'ɡrædʒuəl/ adj.逐渐的；渐进的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 [第四组] 47．hope/həʊp/ n．&v.希望；期望→hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的；令人绝望的 48．infer/In'fɜ (r)/(inferred；inferred)vt.推断，推定→inference n．推断；推理 49．intend/In'tend/ vi.&vt.想要；计划；意指→intended adj.计划的；为……设计或打算的→intention n．打算 50．novel/'nɒv(ə)l/ n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；新奇的→novelist n．小说家 51．number/'nʌmbə(r)/ n．数字；编号；数量→numerous adj.许多的(修饰可数名词) 52．objective/əb'dʒektIv/ n．目的，目标 adj.客观的→objectively adv.客观地 53．politician/pɒlə'tIʃ(ə)n/ n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 54．responsible/rI'spɒnsəb(ə)l/ adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsibly adv.可信赖地；负责地 55．scientific/saIən'tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 56．self/self/ n. 自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地→selfishness n．自私自利 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 [Part 2]　熟背核心短语 1．as to 关于，至于 2．put forward提出， 推荐； (使)提前， 拨快 3．by accident偶然地，意外地 4．insist on 坚决要求 5．sum up 总结；概括 6．speed up(使)加速 7．come to power(开始)掌权；上台 8．be strict with...对……严格的 9．with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 10．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) 11．succeed in doing...在……方面成功 12．manage to do sth. 设法做某事 13．take up a position 担任；任职 14．through trial and error 反复试验 15．with the objective of 带着……目的 16．have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好 17．commit oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于做某事；承诺做某事 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 [Part 3]　存储经典句式 1．倍数表达法 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。(北师选一UNIT 3 CONSERVATION) 2．it作形式主语 It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth，including animals and plants.很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。(北师选一UNIT 3 CONSERVATION) 3．强调句型 One may think that it is the book writer who is in the best position to do film adaptations.有人可能会认为，最擅长改编电影的是作家。(北师选二 UNIT 6 THE MEDIA) 4．the first...to do... The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.这位女士就是屠呦呦，她是第一位因她的工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性科学家。(北师必二UNIT 6 THE ADMIRABLE) 再次背诵时间：　______　月　______　日 Part 1　分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 阅读单词·知其意 1.artemisinin n．　[药]青蒿素　 2．authority n．　权威；权力；官方　 3．credit n．　赞扬；认可；信用　 vt.　存入金额；把……归功于　 4．crucial adj.　至关重要的；关键性的　 5．doctorate n．　博士学位　 6.draft n．　草稿；草案　 vt.　起草；草拟　 7．encounter vt.　偶然碰到；遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)　 n．　邂逅；遭遇　 8．extract n．　提取物；摘录　 vt.　提取；提炼；摘录　 9．genius n．(pl.geniuses)　天才；天资；天赋　 10．institute n．　(教育、专业等)机构　 11.mourn vt.&vi.　哀悼；忧伤　 12．liquid n．　液体　 adj.　液体的；液态的　 13．obtain vt.　(尤指经努力)获得，赢得　 vi.　(规则、习俗等)存在　 14．patent n．　专利权；专利证书　 v．　获得专利权　 adj.　有专利的；受专利保护的　 15．substance n．　物质；物品；事实根据　 核心单词·练其通 [记准记牢] [用准用活] 1.　boil　 vt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 2．　charge　 vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 3．　circumstance　 n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 4．　conduct　 vt.&vi.组织；实施；指挥 5．　data　 n．数据，资料，材料 6．　experiment　 n．实验，试验 vi.做试验 7．　extraordinary　 adj.不一般的；非凡的 8．　flee　 vi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑 9．　found　 vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 10．　postpone　 vt.延迟，延期 11．　publish　 vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 12．　remarkable　 adj.非凡的；显著的 13．　severe　 adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 14．　vital　 adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 选用左栏单词的正确形式填空 1．(2024·北京卷)During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for 　experiments　. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a 　published_　artist. 3．I have been occupied with my study，preparing for the coming College Entrance Exam，which is of 　vital　 importance to us. 4．100 ℃ is the temperature at which water will 　boil　. 5．The government 　postponed　 the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it. 6．Ensure that you get your battery 　charged　 before you set off from your office. 7．In the past ten years, the field has given us high­quality and stable produce regardless of climate 　circumstances　. 8．Last week，　severe　 haze struck my hometown，making it too dark to see anything. 拓展单词·用其活 [记准记牢] [用准用活] 1.　acknowledge　 vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→　acknowledgement　 n．承认；感谢 2．　analyse　 vt.分析→　analysis　 n．分析 3．　apparent　 adj.明显的；清晰可见的→　apparently　 adv.显而易见 4．　commit　 vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于(某个人、机构等)；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→　committed　 adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→　commitment　 n．投入；奉献；承诺；花费 5．　contribute　 vi.&vt.有助于，促成；贡献；投稿；捐助→　contribution　 n．促进作用；贡献；出资；捐赠物；稿件 6．　curious　 adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→　curiosity　 n．好奇心；求知欲→　curiously　 adv.好奇地 7．　declare　 vt.表明；宣称；公布→　declaration　 n．宣称；公布，宣布 8．　evaluate　 vt.评价；评估→　evaluation　 n．评价；评估 9．　gradual　 adj.逐渐的；渐进的→　gradually　 adv.逐渐地；逐步地 10．　hope　 n．&v.希望；期望→　hopeful　 adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→　hopeless　 adj.没有希望的 11．　infer　 vt.推断，推定→　inference　 n．推断；推理 12．　intend　 vi.&vt.想要；计划；意指→　intended　 adj.为……设计或打算的→　intention　 n．打算 13．　novel　 n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；新奇的→　novelist　 n．小说家 14．　objective　 n．目的，目标 adj.客观的→　objectively　 adv.客观地 15．　politics　 n．政治→　politician　 n．政治家；从政者→　political　 adj.政治的 16．　responsible　 adj.有责任的；负责的→　responsibility　 n．责任，负责；职责→　responsibly　 adv.可信赖地；负责地 17．　science　 n．科学→　scientist　 n．科学家→　scientific　 adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的 18．　self　 n．自我；自身→　selfish　 adj.自私的→　selfless　 adj.无私的→　selflessly　 adv.无私地→　selfishness　 n．自私自利 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1．We will remain 　committed　(commit) to the path of peaceful development and shoulder more international responsibilities. 2．It is widely acknowledged that students should 　be_evaluated　(evaluate) in terms of overall quality. 3．Jack came to China with the 　intention　(intend) of realizing his dream. 4．(2024·全国甲卷)These developments illustrate China's journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental 　responsibility　(responsible)． 5．Mary is very 　selfish　(self) and unkind；that's why I am unwilling to make friends with her. 6．In 　acknowledgement　(acknowledge) of her help，he presented her with a computer. 7．　Apparently　(apparent)，she took no notice of the mistakes he had made in the accident. 8．These reforms made major 　contributions　(contribute) to the stability of the economy. 9．The teacher instructed the little boy to operate the new machine to meet his 　curiosity　(curious)． 10．They will ask you to sign a 　declaration　(declare)allowing our doctor to disclose your medical details. 11．After graduation from college, I 　gradually　 (gradual)adapted myself to living on my own. 12．The researchers hope to make 　inferences　 (infer)about how information is organized in a person's memory. 13．As for my favourite 　novelist　(novel)，it must be Mark Twain，one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century. 14．The 　political　(politics)leader turned out to be a person of integrity and dignity，which was contrary to the rumor. 15．(2024·北京卷)By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent 　scientist　(science). ►上串下联 · 规律探寻 物质“形态”细观察 后缀­less构成的形容词集锦 ①liquid n．　液体 ②solid n. 固体 ③fluid n. 流体 ④steam n. 水蒸气 ⑤smoke n. 烟 ⑥fog n. 雾 ①hopeless　没有希望的 ②careless 粗心的 ③useless 无用的 ④helpless 无助的 ⑤homeless 无家可归的 ⑥countless 无数的 Part 2　分组背练短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先记牢 再用准 ●[第一组]　汉译英 1．　put_forward　提出， 推荐； (使)提前， 拨快 2．　insist_on　 坚决要求 3．　sum_up　 总结；概括 4．　come_to_power　 (开始)掌权；上台 5．　manage_to_do_sth.　 设法做某事 6．　commit_oneself_to_(do/doing)_sth.　 致力于做某事；承诺做某事 选用左栏短语的正确形式填空 1．I must go.I 　have_committed_myself_to　 the club tonight and the members are expecting me. 2．At first，she 　took_up_a_position　 as a secretary.Soon，she quit it and received a further education in a university. 3．Although Mr.Smith 　insisted_on　 sending their son abroad to receive further education at first，he gave in to his wife eventually. 4．Ever since the new government 　came_to_power　，people in this nation have experienced great changes they have never expected. 5．At the end of the lecture，Professor Wang briefly 　summed_up　 his main points about educating students. 6．The proposal he 　put_forward　 at the press conference deserves to be considered. ●[第二组]　英译汉 1．by accident　　偶然，意外地　 2．speed up 　(使)加速　 3．be strict with 　对……严格的　 4．be sentenced to 　被判处……(徒刑)　 5．succeed in doing 　在……方面成功　 6．take up a position 　担任；任职　 ►上串下联 · 规律探寻 on的动词短语大全 “be＋形容词＋with”高频短语集锦 ①insist on　　　　　坚决要求 ②come on 快点，加油 ③hang on 稍等，别挂断 ④play a joke on 和某人开玩笑 ⑤keep on 继续 ⑥live on 以……为食 ①be strict with...　　　　　对……严格的 ②be content with... 对……满意 ③be patient with... 对……耐心 ④be familiar with... 对……熟悉 ⑤be bored with... 对……厌烦 ⑥be popular with... 受……欢迎 Part 3　句式教材迁移——汇教材·背典句 句型公式 融汇教材 倍数表达法 Qlympus Mons，the largest volcano on Mars，is about 　twice_as_high_as　(两倍高)Mount Qomolangma.(人教必三UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION) 强调句型 　It_is_for_this_reason_that　 (正是由于这个原因) Spanish is the main official language of Peru.(人教必一UNIT 2 TRAVELLING AROUND) the first...to do... She immediately became 　the_first_woman_ever_to_be_hired　(第一位被聘为……的女性) as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(人教必三UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES) [Part 1　核心词汇·多维练透] 1．charge vt.&vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责 n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管 (1)charge sb. for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of掌管/负责…… in charge of主管；负责；掌管(表状态) in the charge of受……的管理；由……负责 (3)free of charge＝for free免费 [一维练透]——单句语法填空 ①If you fly economy class for an international flight, you can take 20kg of baggage free 　of　 charge. ②The traffic policeman charged the driver 　with　 speeding and fined him $50. [二维写美]——应用文写作之活动安排 ③作为学生会主席，我被委派负责安排你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。 →As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to 　take_charge_of_arranging_all_the_activities　 during your stay in Tianjin.(take charge of) →As chairman of the Student Association，I was appointed to 　be_in_charge_of_arranging_all_the_activities　 during your stay in Tianjin.(in charge of) [三维学考对接]——典句赏析 ④(2022·全国乙卷)A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full­time education，... 所有全日制教育的学生，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费，…… 2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 be vital for/to...　　　　　对……极为重要 be of vital importance to... 对……至关重要 It is vital that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是极其重要的 [一维练透]——单句语法填空 ①Enough sleep is vital 　for/to　 the students' well­being and health. ②As far as I'm concerned，it is vital 　to_keep　 (keep) accurate records. [二维写美]——应用文写作之邀请信 ③此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。 →Besides，　it's_vital_that_you_(should)_mind_your_table_manners　 in China when you attend a dinner party.(it作形式主语) →In addition，　what's_vital_is_that_you(should)_mind_your_table_manners　 in China when you attend a dinner party.(主语从句) [三维学考对接]——颂中华 ④If we are to make a difference in environmental protection, it's vital that we should begin with small things. 如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为，至关重要的一点是我们应该从小事做起。 3．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得 vi.(规则、习俗等)存在 [易混辨析]　acquire；gain；get；obtain；attain acquire 强调通过持续的努力而获得某物，也指日积月累地、渐渐地获得。 gain 侧重指经过努力或有意识的行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。 get 为普通用词，使用广泛，可指以任何方式得到某物，不一定要经过努力。 obtain 指通过计划或努力得到或买到某物。 attain 指通过不懈努力达到未曾意料的结果。 [一维练透]——选词填空(acquire, obtain, gain, attain) ①He 　obtained　 the property with a bank loan. ②It is through learning that the individual 　acquires　 many habitual ways of reacting to situations. ③An investor 　gains　 by buying stocks that go up in value. ④The salesperson 　attained　 his sales goal for the month. [二维写美]——应用文写作之佳句 ⑤这位妈妈想知道她的儿子是怎样染上吸毒的恶习的。 The mother was in doubt 　how_her_son_acquired_the_bad_habit_of_taking_drugs　. [三维学考对接]——典句赏析 ⑥(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体中获得的平均值更准确。 4．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (1)acknowledge...to be/as...承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth.承认做了某事 (2)acknowledged adj.公认的 It is acknowledged that...……是大家公认的 (3)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 [一维练透]——单句语法填空 ①Tom acknowledged 　being_defeated/having_been_defeated　(defeat) in the English speech competition, which made us quite depressed. ② He is widely acknowledged 　to_be　(be)the best player in the world. [二维写美]——应用文写作之佳句 ③大家都认为这个越野赛跑是增强我们意志的机会。 →The cross­country race 　is_acknowledged_as/to_be_an_opportunity_to　 strengthen our will. →　It_is_acknowledged_that_the_cross­country_race_is_an_opportunity_to　 strengthen our will. 5．put forward提出， 推荐； (使)提前； 拨快 put away　　　　收起来 put down 放下； 写下 put off 推迟， 延期 put on 穿上；上演 put out 扑灭； 生产； 出版；关掉 put through 使通过；使经历；接通电话 put up 举起；修建；张贴 [一维练透]——单句语法填空 ①The football match was put 　off　 because of the storm. ②This meal is my treat, so put your money 　away　. ③He put 　on　 his glasses to read the newspaper. ④Remember to put 　out　 the light before going out. [二维写美]——应用文写作之告知信 ⑤政府提出了一系列政策措施， 以确保人民生活水平有所提高。 The government 　has_put_forward_a_series_of_policies_and_measures　 to ensure the improvement in living standards. 6．insist on 坚决要求 insist vi.&vt.　　　　坚持；坚决要求 insist on(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 insist that...坚持说/认为(从句用陈述语气) insist that sb.(should)do...坚决要求/主张(从句用虚拟语气) [一维练透]——单句语法填空 ①He insisted 　on　 walking me to the station to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears. ②The doctor insisted that he 　was　 (be) seriously ill and that he 　(should)_be_operated　(operate) on immediately. [二维写美]——应用文写作之通知 ③学生会坚决要求每个参赛者按时到达学校礼堂。 The Student Union 　insists_that_every_participant_should_arrive_at_the_school_hall　 on schedule. [三维学考对接]——满分作文 ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses, though he tripped over within a few kilometers. 大卫坚持要跑，就好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点一样，尽管他在几公里内就被绊倒了。 [Part 2　经典句式·写作迁移] 1．倍数表达法 (教材对接)And in America，people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。(人教选二UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE) (1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B (2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B (3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of＋B (4)A＋倍数＋what从句 [名师点津]　(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数，half等其他程度状语来表达。 [写作迁移]——微写作 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 ①The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is 　three_times_as_large_as　 what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) ②The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is 　three_times_larger_than　 what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than) ③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is 　three_times_the_size_of　 what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) 2．the first...to do... (教材对接)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB­GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。(人教必三UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES) 句中the first woman ever to be hired 为“the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.”。 动词不定式短语通常放于下列两类结构的后面作定语。 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the only、 the last、 the right等时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。 (2)在time、 way、 chance、 ability、 promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。动词不定式作后置定语表示将要发生的动作。 [写作迁移]——微写作 ①He is the only man 　to_know_the_truth　 (知道真相的人)． ②The public never had faith in his 　ability_to_do_the_job_well　(做好这一份工作的能力)． ③The next man 　to_approach_me　(接着向我走过来)was selling expensive pens and watches. ④The plum trees are 　the_first_to_flower　(第一个开花) even as the snow is melting (融化)． [培优1]　多维练通活运用 一、阅读障碍破除 Ⅰ.熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的含义 1．The way he conducts himself reflects on the party and will increase criticisms against him.　表现；举止　 2．The 74­year­old mayor is credited with helping make Los Angeles the financial capital of the West Coast. 　认为是……的功劳　 3．She is to go to see a doctor and have a tooth extracted at 3 o'clock today.　拔(牙)　 4．It's extraordinary that he managed to sleep through such an important party. 　意想不到的　 5．I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.　逐渐升级为　 Ⅱ.一词多义 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 sum(up) A．n.金额；总数　B．v.总结；合计　C．v.总而言之 ①The article summed up the remarkable achievements made in electronic computers，artificial satellites and rockets.　__B__　 ②To sum up，there are three main ways of dealing with the present problem.　__C__　 ③It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.　__A__　 二、语境创新应用 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 Madam Curie Being an extraordinary woman genius, Madam Curie managed 1.　to_obtain　(obtain) two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital to physics.2.　It　 was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion 3.　for　 science and committed her whole life to 4.　scientific　 (science) research. After 5.　graduating　(graduate) from high school，she took up a position as a tutor. In 1891，she 6.　was_admitted　(admit) to Paris University,7.　where　 she achieved great academic performances and became the first woman professor. Under unbearable circumstances, she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) with the objective of extracting radioactive elements. Despite numerous failures, under no circumstances 8.　did　(do) the couple acknowledge defeat. Using flow charts and summing up 9.　what　 they had studied，the couple finally drew a 10.　conclusion　(conclude) that Po and Ra did exist, which was soon spread throughout the world. Their theory, as other products and devices，can stand wear and tear. In 1934, Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist. [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：对社会有贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” 1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco­machine. 3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. 4.What is the basis for John's work？ A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals？(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。] 4．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．explore the woods　探索森林　 2．solve problems　解决问题　 3．be used to do　被用来做　 4．clean up the messes　清理脏物　 5．combination of animals and plants　动植物结合　 6．remove harmful substances from some sludge　从污泥中除去有害物质　 7．little by little　_逐渐地　 8．take on many big jobs　_承担了很多大型工作项目　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．observe v．　观察　 2．stream n．　小溪　 3．creature n．　_生物　 4．process n．　过程　 5．trap v．　困住　 6．remove v．　_除去　 7．organism n．　有机体　 8．ecosystem n．　生态系统　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．spare A．额外的　B．高挑的　C．业余的　D．备用的 ①She was thin and spare. 　__B__　 ②I have several spare batteries in my house.　__D__　 2．digest A．消化　　B．理解　　C．摘要　　D．把……分类 ①The organization publishes a digest of statistics.　__C__　 ② Allow your food to digest before exercising.　__A__　 ◆长句缩写 A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 A (dirty) stream, (for example), (often) became clear [after flowing through plants and along rocks (where tiny creatures lived)]. [句子缩写]　 　A_stream_became_clear.　(不超过10个单词) Part 1　应用文写作话题练 ●[Step 1]　练表达——夯基固本 根据汉语提示完成句子 ①亚历山大·弗莱明出生在苏格兰并由母亲和哥哥抚养长大。 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and 　was_brought_up　 by his mother and his elder brother. ②在他们的支持下，他在伦敦的一个医学院校接受教育。 　With_their_support　，he 　got_educated　 in a medical school in London. ③1906年他作为优秀生从该校毕业。 In 1906，he 　graduated_from_this_school　 as a top student. ④他对医学做出了巨大贡献，但是发现青霉素使他获得了终生的荣誉。 He made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that 　made_him_earn_lifelong_honor　. ⑤因为这个成就他闻名于世，并因此获得诺贝尔奖。 He 　was_known_for_this_achievement　， and for it he received a Nobel Prize. ⑥显然，弗莱明是历史上杰出的科学家之一。 　It_was_obvious_that　 Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. ●[Step 2]　学升级——亮人一眼 改变句式结构以使表达升级 ①用分词作状语改写句① 　Alexander_Fleming_was_born_in_Scotland，brought_up_by_his_mother_and_his_elder_brother　. ②用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句改写句⑤ 　He_was_known_for_this_achievement,_for_which_he_received_a_Nobel_Prize　. ●[Step 3]　用衔接——完美成篇 利用恰当的过渡词汇连句成篇 Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland，brought up by his mother and his elder brother. With their support, he got educated in a medical school in London. In 1906, he graduated from this school as a top student. After that he made great contributions to medical science, but it was his discovery of penicillin that made him earn lifelong honor. He was known for this achievement, for which he received a Nobel Prize. It was obvious that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history. Part 2　读后续写微技能20——动作描写之“说话” ●[Step 1]　场景续写词汇——语料累积 单词 ①ask问　②answer/reply 回答 ③announce/declare宣布　④add 补充说 ⑤whisper小声说　⑥murmur 喃喃地说 ⑦sigh 叹气　⑧cry喊　⑨shout大叫 ⑩scream 尖叫　⑪roar 大声说，吼叫 ●[Step 2]　场景续写佳句——完成句子 根据汉语提示完成句子 ①我心怦怦直跳地走向收银台。我付了三件小东西的钱，正准备离开，这时我感觉到有人重重地拍了拍我的肩膀。 　My_heart_beating_rapidly,_I_headed_for_the_register　.I paid for the three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder.(独立主格结构) ②他是个大侦探。“你偷了东西。你会被搜查的。”他说道。 He was a big detective. 　“You_stole_something._You_will_be_searched，”_he_announced　. ③我吓坏了，把书从衬衣里悄悄拿出来递了过去。 　Frightened　，I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over. ④“百科全书？”他有点吃惊地问 “An encyclopedia？”　he_asked,_somewhat_surprised　. ⑤“嗯。”我颤抖着小声说道。 “Yes，”　I_whispered，trembling　. ⑥他接着问，“你为什么不叫你父母买呢？” 　He_asked_again　，“Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it？” ⑦我喃喃地说：“我让他们买了，但他们没钱。” 　I_murmured　，“I did，but they didn't have money.” ⑧他叹了口气说道：“告诉你父母你犯的错误，”然后说，我可以走了。 　He_sighed　，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing，”　_adding_that_I_could_leave　. ●[Step 3]　过渡衔接美文——连句成篇 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。 My heart beating rapidly, I headed for the register. I paid for the three small items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder. He was a big detective. “You stole something. You will be searched，” he announced. Frightened, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over.“An encyclopedia？”And then，he asked，somewhat surprised.“Yes，”I whispered，trembling. He asked again, “Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it？” I murmured，“I did, but they didn't have money.” He sighed，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing，”adding that I could leave. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $