12 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

**基本信息** 高中英语一轮复习专项训练，以"人与社会""人与动物"主题语境为载体，融合阅读理解、七选五、读后续写题型，构建"主题-体裁-方法"三维训练体系，培养语言理解表达能力与逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|1篇（说明文）|细节定位、推理判断、主旨归纳|以"AI与人类记忆机制"为话题，通过NMDA受体与Transformer模型类比，构建"科学发现-原理解释-意义分析"逻辑链| |阅读七选五|1篇（说明文）|上下文衔接、逻辑关系分析|围绕"正规儿童保育优点"，采用"总-分-总"结构，对比正规与非正规保育影响，强化因果/对比逻辑应用| |读后续写|1篇（记叙文）|情节发展、人物情感描写|以"班级宠物螳螂孵化"为线索，按"问题发生-冷静处理-感悟成长"脉络，训练情境续写与人物塑造能力|

课时冲关12　Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 　学生课时P312 Ⅰ.阅读理解 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：人工智能记忆存储方式 　　A team of scientists from the Center for Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discovery about how computers and human brains work similarly when remembering things. They found out that the way artificial intelligence (AI) models, like those in smart robots, store memories is a lot like how our brain's memory center, called the hippocampus (海马体), does it. This part of the brain is really important for feelings and memories. Understanding how AI learns and keeps information is key to making it smarter. The scientists looked into how our brains learn and remember by focusing on a special process involving the NMDA receptor, a critical part of the hippocampus. This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering. It opens when certain brain chemicals are present, allowing the cell to receive signals and create memories. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, only letting substances in under the right conditions. Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar “guarding” method to manage its memory. They wondered if they could make the Transformer's memory better by copying the brain's process. By adjusting some settings in the Transformer to mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain's memory door, they improved its ability to remember things longterm, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect how well we remember stuff. This discovery is a big deal because it shows we can use what we know about the brain to make AI smarter. C. Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. It opens up new ways to understand how the brain works and to create more advanced AI based on these insights. So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future. 1．What does the term “NMDA receptor” in Paragraph 2 most likely refer to? A．A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems. B．A new technology for making computers run faster. C．A component in AI models that predicts future events. D．A part of the human brain involved in learning and memory. 2．What did the team discover about Transformer? A．It directly mimics the brain's memory process. B．It is unaffected by changes in memory settings. C．It uses a special method to manage memory. D．It requires adjustments to enhance longterm memory. 3．What is the significance of the research findings according to C. Justin LEE? A．It is a new approach to memory organization. B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neuroscience. C．It is a method for improving shortterm memory in AI. D．It is a breakthrough in understanding AI emotional processing. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain. B．Discussing implications of neuroscience for AI. C．Comparing computer and human memory processes. D．Discovering similarities between AI and human memory. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马体相似，并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型的记忆能力，促进了AI与脑科学的发展。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering.(这种受体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门，帮助我们学习和记忆。)”可知，“NMDA receptor”是人脑中参与学习和记忆的一部分。 ] 2．C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, the team found that Transformer, a type of AI model, uses a similar ‘guarding’ method to manage its memory.(有趣的是，研究小组发现，Transformer是一种人工智能模型，它使用类似的‘保护’方法来管理内存。)”可知，Transformer使用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“C.Justin LEE, a neuroscience (神经学) director at the institute, mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science. (C. Justin LEE，该研究所的神经科学主任表示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个重大的进展。)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重要意义在于这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科学的关键步骤。] 4．D　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“So, in simple terms, scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, which could help make them even smarter in the future.(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆，这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可知，整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和人类记忆之间发现的相似性，D选项“发现人工智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处。”准确总结了文章的中心思想。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：正规儿童保育的优点 Working mothers can breathe a sigh of relief when dropping off their little ones in formal childcare. A French study has found children who go to nursery are better behaved and have fewer emotional problems than those cared for by family or a childminder. __1__ The study, on the other hand, wanted to test what potential impact formal childcare settings from a young age could have on behaviour. __2__ Those who had been looked after by a childminder were the most likely to have behavioral issues in both boys and girls, they found. Scientists tracked children's emotional development from birth up to the age of eight. Parents were asked a series of questions about their children's behavioral and emotional problems at different ages, including any difficulties making friends, hyperactivity(多动症), poor attention, conduct, and social skills. __3__ Analysis showed those who received formal childcare were less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems, and more likely to have better social skills than those looked after by family or friends. As women began entering the workforce in increasing numbers from the 1980s, some child development researchers have found that formal childcare and informal childcare appear. __4__ Researchers find that overall, children benefited a lot from formal childcare. Boys who went to nursery had fewer emotional problems, but those looked after by a childminder had more behavioral problems. Girls in particular benefited from the more formal childcare. __5__ The authors conclude that access to high quality childcare in the first years of life may improve children's emotional and cognitive development, prevent later emotional difficulties and promote prosocial(亲社会的)behavior. A．Lack of daily interaction may result in children being unwilling to socialize. B．Those who had gone to nursery performed better academically later on at school. C．Informal childcare has harmful outcome for children's social and emotional adjustment. D．It's because they are more likely to being shy, nervous or upset, researchers suggest. E．Children who get formal childcare were less likely to have behavioral problems later. F．They were also questioned on what type of childcare their children had been provided. G．A study has suggested early formal childcare may improve their academic performance. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了把幼儿放在托儿所会对他们今后的社会行为有更好的帮助。 1．G　[下文“The study, on the other hand, wanted to test what potential impact formal childcare settings from a young age could have on behaviour.(另外，研究者想要测验早期正规的儿童保育对儿童的行为还有什么潜在的影响。)”提到了研究者想研究儿童保育对儿童行为还会产生什么影响，说明已经有研究表明儿童保育对儿童产生了影响。G项“之前的研究表明，早期正规的儿童保育可以提高他们的学习成绩。”与下文语义衔接，符合语境。] 2．E　[下文“Those who had been looked after by a childminder were the most likely to have behavioral issues in both boys and girls, they found.(他们发现，那些由保姆照看过的孩子无论男女，都最有可能出现行为问题。)”指出保姆照看孩子的缺点，点明了前文提到的正规的儿童保育存在优点。E项“这些得到正规保育的小孩在之后较少出现行为问题。”与下文形成鲜明对比，符合语境。] 3．F　[上文“Parents were asked a series of questions about their children's behavioral and emotional problems at different ages, including any difficulties making friends, hyperactivity, poor attention, conduct, and social skills.(研究人员向家长们询问了一系列关于孩子在不同年龄段的行为和情绪问题，包括交朋友的困难，多动症，注意力差，品行差和社交能力差。)”指出了孩子在不同年龄段的一些行为和情绪问题。F项“他们还被问及他们为孩子提供了什么样的托儿服务。”与上文承接自然，由also看出上下文为顺承关系，选项中的questioned呼应上文的asked。] 4．C　[上文“As women began entering the workforce in increasing numbers from the 1980s, some child development researchers have found that formal childcare and informal childcare appear.(从20世纪80年代开始，随着越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场，一些儿童发展研究人员发现，正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育出现了。)”指出出现了正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育。下文“Researchers find that overall, children benefited a lot from formal childcare.(研究人员发现，总的来说，孩子们从正规的儿童保育中受益匪浅。)”指出正规儿童保育的优点，C项“不正规的儿童看管不利于儿童的社会调适和情绪调节。”承上启下，与下文描述正规儿童保育形成对比关系。] 5．D　[上文“Girls in particular benefited from the more formal childcare.(女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育。)”说明与男孩相比，女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育。D 项“研究人员表示，这是因为她们更可能害羞，紧张或不安。”承接上文，解释了女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保育的原因。] Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与动物 体裁：记叙文 话题：班级宠物 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 They called him “Donnie the Dung Beetle”. Donald didn't mind the comparison, as he knew that African dung beetles(粪金龟)were known for moving things a thousand times their own body weight. However, his classmates in Mrs. Beecher's thirdgrade class probably didn't know this fact. Nobody knew insects like Donald did, and he figured that being compared to a dung beetle was not a praise. One day, Richie made fun of Donald, pointing towards a container under the window where a small brown ball hung from a branch. Donald tried to explain that it was an egg case of a praying mantis(螳螂), and the exciting part would be when the eggs hatched. But Richie didn't understand, and neither did most of the other kids. Donald had brought the egg case from his backyard and was excited when Mrs. Beecher agreed to make it their class project. He thought having an insect as a class pet might finally give him something to talk about with the other kids. But after two months of staring at a lifeless brown ball, Donald began to lose hope. During science class one day, Mrs. Beecher announced they would start by writing in their journals. As Donald opened his journal, a left over particle from his lunch rolled across the page. When he went to brush it off, he realized it wasn't a particle at all－it was a tiny praying mantis, barely the size of a grain of rice! Donald bounced out of his seat, crying out that the eggs were hatching. Suddenly, chaos erupted in the classroom as more baby mantises started appearing everywhere. Kids were jumping out of their seats, screaming and waving their arms. Mrs. Beecher quickly took charge, asking why the lid of the container was off. Richie, who was supposed to check on the container that day, had forgotten to put the lid back on. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Donald took charge of the situation, directing Richie to get paintbrushes and white paper. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ After the successful rescue, Mrs. Beecher asked the class to write about this special experience.______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [写作思路] 故 事 梗 概 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了唐纳德在班级里养了螳螂卵作为班级宠物，但是几个月过去了，小螳螂还是没有孵化出来。里奇查看螳螂卵后没有盖好盒子的盖子导致孵出的小螳螂到处都是。在唐纳德的处理下，小螳螂安全回到孵化盒子，比彻老师让大家把这个事件记录下来，同时，同学们也改变了对唐纳德的称谓和看法。 续 写 思 路 续写第一段 由第一段首句内容“唐纳德掌控了局势，指挥里奇去拿画笔和白纸。”可知，第一段可描写唐纳德如何营救螳螂宝宝 续写第二段 由第二段首句内容“救援成功后，比彻老师请全班同学写下这段特殊经历。”可知，第二段可描写营救成功后全班同学对唐纳德看法的改变以及感悟。 续写线索 养螳螂卵当作班级宠物——长时间没有孵化——突然孵化，震惊全班——唐纳德冷静处理——小螳螂安全得救——感悟 [参考范文] Donald took charge of the situation, directing Richie to get paintbrushes and white paper. Donald took the brush and carefully drove the baby mantises onto the white paper. They were so small that he could injure their legs or body parts. The baby mantises were so small that some of the students brought a magnifying glass to help. With the concerted efforts of everyone, the baby mantises finally returned safely to the box. After the successful rescue, Mrs. Beecher asked the class to write about this special experience. Richie no longer laughed at Donald, and no longer called him “Donnie the Dung Beetle”， and deeply admired Donald's calmly handling the unexpected things. Donald's profound knowledge left a deep impression on everyone. From this incident, everyone realized the importance of patience, calmness, carefulness and being knowledgeable. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $