10 必修第三册 Unit 2 Natural disasters（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自然”主题，通过议论文、新闻报道、记叙文等体裁系统训练阅读理解、完形填空及语法填空，融合解题方法提炼与知识逻辑构建，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|4题（恢复自我生存能力）|词义猜测、细节理解、推理判断|围绕“人类生存本能”，从现象分析到解决方案，培养逻辑推理能力| |阅读理解B|4题（“全球沸腾”）|词义猜测、推理判断、细节理解|以气候危机为核心，结合实例论证，提升批判性思维| |完形填空|15题（猎犬救主）|语境分析、逻辑推理、词义辨析|通过救援故事，强化叙事逻辑与词汇应用能力| |语法填空|10题（甘肃地震）|时态语态、非谓语动词、定语从句|以地震报道为载体，巩固语法知识在真实语境中的应用|

课时冲关10　Unit 2　Natural disasters 　学生课时P306 Ⅰ.阅读理解A 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：议论文 话题：恢复自我生存能力 　　Survival is every living being's basic instinct. Animals, you may have noticed, know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food, water, and decent habitat. Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society, we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifestyle, but unfortunately, with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away, we do not know how to make do without them. We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation. Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that. Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator? If you do not agree with me, then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it? A virus outbreak? No. It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safely. We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent? We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man­made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later. It is a survival guide based on the real­life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. 1．What does the underlined word “creator” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Nature.　　　　 B．Achievement. C．Mankind. D．Government. 2．What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A．Be equipped with multiple skills. B．Be appreciative of human's creations. C．Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D．Be faithful about the help from governments. 3．What might the writer agree with? A．A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B．Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C．A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D．Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 4．What might Frank Marshall be? A．A noted psychologist. B．A retired soldier. C．A film review writer. D．A magazine publisher. [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类在面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 1．C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the...？(那么，为什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开始比创造者更信任……呢？)”可知这里的“creator”指的是创造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最可能指的是“Mankind”，即人类自身。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves, pull through this and protect our loved ones; more and in a better way than any government ever could.(我们具备了照顾自己、度过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、更好。)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end, and only then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就是为最坏的情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只有这样你才能生存下来。)”可以看出，作者建议我们在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的准备。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through, step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself. It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man­made or natural, on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation.(弗兰克·马歇尔的《终极生存法则》将一步步引导你，帮助你恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你应该做什么来独自生存任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的，有了正确的预先准备。)”可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can 　help you survive the disasters.(充分的准备可以帮助你度过灾难。)”。] 4．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“It is a survival guide based on the real­life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes.(这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活经验的生存指南，旨在教你当灾难发生时的基本生存方法。)”可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一位退休的士兵，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存技巧。] 阅读理解B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：新闻报道 话题：“全球沸腾” 　　July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere. Oceanic heat waves are damaging the world's third­largest coral reef off Florida. And as the levels of greenhouse gases continue to increase, it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. Last week, the United Nations Secretary­General Antonio Guterres coined a new term. The time of “global warming” has ended, he announced, and the time of “global boiling” has arrived. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, “global boiling” is clearly an overstatement, but “global warming” is now far too weak a description. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly, phrases such as “climate crisis” haven't received enough attention. That's because many of us still feel we haven't seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries. Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis, nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood­style disaster. What he's hoping is to make people listen and act — now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to describe this? Possibly. Take the challenge yourself: can you think up a brief, correct phrase to cover worsening local­and­regional­scale droughts, fires, typhoons and floods; damage to crops and food safety; water shortages; existential threats to coral reefs and low­lying communities? You can see how hard it is. 5．What does the underlined word “coined” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Explained.　　　　　 B．Invented. C．Valued. D．Accepted. 6．What do critics think of the term “global boiling”？ A．It is overused. B．It is exaggerated. C．It is lacking in enough attention. D．It is too weak to describe the problem. 7．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Climate crises are worsening. B．Several crises will be solved. C．People will face food shortages. D．People are taking effective measures. 8．What is Guterres's hope in using deeply impactful phrases? A．To scare people into taking immediate action. B．To entertain readers with Hollywood­style stories. C．To provide a more accurate description of global warming. D．To make people aware of the severity of the climate crisis. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述，随着气候变化，“全球沸腾”的时代到来了。 5．B　[词义猜测题。由文章第二段“Last week, the United Nations Secretary­General Antonio Guterres coined a new term. The time of ‘global warming’ has ended, he announced, and the time of ‘global boiling’has arrived.(上周，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯coined一个新术语。他宣布，‘全球变暖’的时代已经结束，‘全球沸腾’的时代到来了。)”可知，这里应指安东尼奥·古特雷斯“创造”出一个新术语。所以猜测coined表“创造”的意思。] 6．B　[推理判断题。由文章第三段“But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase. At one level, ‘global boiling’ is clearly an overst­ atement, but‘global warming’ is now far too weak a description.(但批评者强烈反对这个说法。在某种程度上，‘全球沸腾’显然是夸大其词，但“全球变暖”现在还远远不足以形容。)”可知，批评者认为用“全球沸腾”一词把实际情况夸大了。] 7．A　[推理判断题。由文章第四段“But that is changing. In the past few years, extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries. Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years. India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain.(但这种情况正在改变。在过去几年中，极端天气和相关事件袭击了许多国家。澳大利亚的黑夏带来了野火，烧毁了相当于英国大小的地区。2021年，德国遭遇严重洪灾。2022年巴基斯坦的洪水淹没了该国大部分地区。中国经历了旱灾和水灾。多年来，可怕的干旱袭击了非洲之角。由于暴雨造成的损失，印度已经停止了大米出口。)”可知，气候危机正在恶化。] 8．D　[细节理解题。由文章第六段“When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases, he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood­style disaster. What he's hoping is to make people listen and act — now we can see what climate change looks like.(当古特雷斯使用极具影响力的短语时，他并不是在邀请我们想象一场好莱坞式的灾难。他希望的是让人们倾听并采取行动——现在我们可以看到气候变化是什么样子了。)”可知，古特雷斯希望使用极具影响力的短语，让人们意识到气候危机的严重性。] Ⅱ.完形填空 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：在大火中救出主人的猎犬 Lucky, a blackandwhite Boston Bull Terrier, had been owned by a man, Fred, who had a mental disorder that required him to take medicine. This __1__ made him sleep quite deeply, so Fred only took it at bedtime. Lucky __2__ by his side. One night, Fred __3__ his medicine, went to bed and fell asleep. The house wiring shorted and caught the house on __4__. Being under the medicine's power, Fred just __5__ to sleep. Lucky barked and barked, but Fred didn't __6__ him. Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog but just a special animal that __7__ what to do. When Lucky realized Fred wasn't __8__ up, he jumped into the middle of his chest and started licking his face. Fred finally woke up and __9__ the house was on fire. He crawled out of the bedroom window. Once outside, Fred realized he had __10__ his dog. He reached through the __11__ and grabbed Lucky, pulling him to safety. After the fire, Fred had to move into an apartment where he couldn't have __12__. So he placed Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good home should be __13__ for him. My son and I saw an ad in the paper for a good home offering Lucky for __14__， and called. We brought him home. We've __15__ him for two years now, and he is four years old. Lucky inhaled (吸入)so much smoke the night of the fire that his bark will never be normal again. He sounds terrible, but he has the spirit of a lion. 1．A.illness　　　　　 B．medicine C．condition D．request 2．A.passed B．shouted C．worked D．slept 3．A.took B．lost C．tested D．ignored 4．A.fire B．sale C．time D．show 5．A.began B．stopped C．continued D．refused 6．A.feed B．like C．hear D．bear 7．A.admitted B．knew C．asked D．taught 8．A.giving B．waking C．looking D．opening 9．A.realized B．believed C．proved D．informed 10．A.aimed at B．thought of C．left behind D．brought up 11．A.wall B．door C．sheet D．window 12．A.kids B．pets C．friends D．noises 13．A.kept B．built C．decorated D．found 14．A.cure B．protection C．permission D．adoption 15．A.raised B．missed C．trained D．appreciated [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只波士顿公牛猎犬Lucky在大火中救出了主人弗雷德，当弗雷德不能抚养他的时候，作者把他领养回家，尽管他的吠叫因为吸入太多的烟变得不再正常，但是他有狮子般的精神。 1．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种药物让他睡得很沉，因此弗雷德只在睡觉的时候服用。A.illness疾病；B.medicine药物；C.condition条件；D.request请求。根据上文“Fred, who had a mental disorder that required him to take medicine.”可知，弗雷德需要服用药物治疗精神紊乱。因此推断这种药物让他睡得很沉。] 2．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky睡在他的旁边。A.passed通过；B.shouted呼喊；C.worked工作；D.slept睡觉。根据上文“sleep quite deeply”可知，波士顿公牛猎犬Lucky睡在他身边。] 3．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，弗雷德服用了他的药，上床睡着了。A.took吃；喝；服(药)；B.lost 失去；C.tested考验；D.ignored忽视。根据上文“This __1__ made him sleep quite deeply, so Fred only took it at bedtime.”可知，弗雷德服药后上床睡觉了。] 4．A　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：房子的电线短路了，房子着火了。A.fire火； B．sale销售；C.time时间；D.show展览。根据上文“The house wiring shorted”可知，电线短路点着了房子。on fire“着火”。] 5．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在药物的作用下，弗雷德继续睡觉。A.began开始；B.stopped停止；C.continued 继续；D.refused拒绝。根据上文“Being under the medicine's power”可知，由于药物作用，房子着火后，弗雷德没有醒来，而是继续睡。] 6．C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意： Lucky一直吠叫，但是弗雷德听不见。A.feed喂养；B.like喜欢；C.hear听见；D.bear忍受。由下文“Fred finally woke up”可知，尽管Lucky一直叫，但是弗雷德没有听见。] 7．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky不是一只训练有素的援助犬，但却是一个知道做什么的特殊动物。A.admitted承认；B.knew知道；C.asked问，请；D.taught 教。 根据上文“Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog but just a special animal”可知，Lucky不是一只救援犬，但是知道做什么。] 8．B　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Lucky意识到弗雷德不能醒来时，就跳到他的胸口上，开始舔他的脸。 A．giving给；B.waking唤醒，醒；C.looking看；D.opening打开。根据下文“Fred finally woke up”可知，Lucky意识到Fred不能醒来。] 9．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗雷德终于醒了，意识到房子着火了 。A.realized意识到；B.believed相信；C.proved证明；D.informed告知。根据前半句可知，弗雷德最终醒来，因此意识到了房子着火了。] 10．C　[考查动词短语辨析。句意：到了外面，弗雷德意识到他把狗留下了。A.aimed at针对；目的在于；B.thought of想出；C.left behind留下，遗留；D.brought up教育，培养。根据下文“He reached through the __11__ and grabbed Lucky, pulling him to safety.”可知，弗雷德从房子里救出他的狗，因此他把狗遗留在了房子里。] 11．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从窗户伸手抓住Lucky，把他拉到安全的地方。A.wall墙；B.door门；C.sheet纸，被单； D．window窗户。根据上文“He crawled out of the bedroom window.”可知，弗雷德从窗子里爬了出来，因此他通过窗子伸手进去救出了Lucky。] 12．B　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：火灾后，弗雷德不得不搬进一套他不能养宠物的公寓。A.kids孩子；B.pets宠物；C.friends朋友；D.noises噪音。根据下文“So he placed Lucky with a friend of his”可知，弗雷德搬去的公寓不能养宠物。] 13．D　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他把Lucky寄托在他的一个朋友身上，目的是为他找到一个好的家庭。A.kept保持； B．built建立；C.decorated装饰；D.found找到。根据上文“a good home”可推断，弗雷德想要给Lucky找一个好的家庭。] 14．D　[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我儿子和我在报纸上看到一个广告，寻找一个好的家庭收养Lucky，于是打了电话。 A．cure治愈；B.protection保护；C.permission 允许；D.adoption收养。根据上文“So he placed Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good home should be __13__ for him.”可知，弗雷德想要给Lucky找一个好家庭，因此推断广告是为了找一个好家庭收养Lucky。] 15．A　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我们已经养了他两年。 A．raised抚养，养育；B.missed错过，想念；C.trained训练；D.appreciated感激，欣赏。根据上文“We brought him home.”可知，我们收养了Lucky，已经养了两年。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：新闻报道 话题：甘肃的6.2级地震 The 6.2­magnitude earthquake 1.________(strike) an ethnic county lying in Northwest China's Gansu Province midnight Monday, causing death, 2.________(destroy) and panic. As of 10 am Tuesday, a total of 105 3.________(confirm) dead in Gansu and 11 in the neighbouring Qinghai Province, with hundreds injured. Due to high altitude, cold weather and complex geological conditions, Jishishan County is prone (易于) to natural disasters, such as earthquakes. Since 1900, the area within a radius of 100 km from the epicenter 4.________ (record) seven earthquakes above 5 magnitude. Fortunately, joint effort has been made 5.________(provide) assistance to them and to restore normality to the region as quickly as possible. The provincial fire and rescue department has sent 580 rescuers 6.________(aid) with 88 fire engines, 12 search and rescue dogs, more than 10,000 sets of equipment to the disaster area. Relief efforts have been underway, 7.________the provincial authorities sending emergency rations (口粮) and tents to the affected areas. The railway authority has suspended passenger and cargo trains 8.________ (pass) through the quake zone and ordered a safety check of railway tracks. In Dahejia township, 9.________ the temperature plummeted to 16 degrees Celsius below zero, over 140 medical staff at a local hospital were busy treating the injured people. According to first­person 10.________(account), the loved ones of many of these patients are untraceable in the aftermath of the earthquake. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了甘肃省发生的6.2级地震的情况。 1．struck　[考查名词。句意：周一午夜，中国西北部甘肃省一个少数民族县发生6.2级地震，造成人员死亡、破坏和恐慌。空处为句子谓语；根据时间状语“midnight Monday”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。] 2．destruction　[考查名词。句意同上。空处和名词“death”以及“panic”并列作动词causing的宾语，故填名词形式destruction，destruction是不可数名词。] 3．were confirmed　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：截至周二上午10点，甘肃省共确认105人死亡，青海省11人死亡，数百人受伤。主语“a total of 105”和动词confirm之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“As of 10 am Tuesday”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。] 4．has recorded　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1900年以来，距离震中100公里以内的地区发生了7次5级以上的地震。根据时间状语“Since 1900”可知句子用现在完成时，主语“area”是名词单数。] 5．to provide　[考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，已作出共同努力向他们提供援助，并尽快恢复该地区的正常状态。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。] 6．aided　[考查非谓语动词。句意：省消防和救援部门已派出580名救援人员，88辆消防车，12只搜救犬，1万多套设备前往灾区。句中已有谓语动词has sent，空处应填非谓语动词；动词aid和逻辑主语rescuers之间为被动关系，应用过去分词；be aided with“在……的辅助下，在……帮助下”是固定短语。] 7．with　[考查介词。句意：救援工作正在进行中，省政府向受灾地区运送了紧急口粮和帐篷。此处是with的复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾补”，在句中作状语。] 8．passing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路局暂停了通过震区的客运和货运列车，并下令对铁路轨道进行安全检查。动词pass和“cargo trains”之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。] 9．where　[考查定语从句。句意：在大河家镇，气温骤降至零下16摄氏度，当地医院的140多名医务人员正忙着治疗伤者。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Dahejia township”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。] 10．accounts　[考查名词复数。句意：根据亲历者的描述，在地震之后，许多病人的亲人无法找到。account“描述，叙述”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $