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Unit 3 Getting along with others
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高考复杂句式 析•译•背
01
复盘 必备知识
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聚集 层级突破
03
进阶 多维检测
04
培优 提能加餐
05
06
课时作业
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高考原句
句式分析
汉语试译
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.
本句是一个主从复合句。When reading texts of several hundred words or more是when引导的省略的状语从句;when it's on paper是when引导的状语从句。
当阅读几百字或更多的文本时,在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
本句是一个主从复合句。 suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset, which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词social media,and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。
根据这一理论,人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当,社交媒体通常不那么严肃,相比纸质阅读,人们投入的脑力要少。
[Part 1 巧记·课标单词]
写作单词——悉其识
1. awkward adj. 局促不安的;令人尴尬的;难对付的
2. sight n. 视野;视力
3. medium n. 传播信息的媒介,方法;手段
4. horrible adj. 令人震惊的;可恶
5. respond v. 回答,回应
6. frank adj. 坦率的,直率的
7. trick vt. 欺骗,欺诈
n. 诡计,花招
8. ignore vt. 忽视,对……不予理会
9. misunderstand v. 误解,误会
10. contact vt.&n. 联系,联络
11. generous adj. 宽宏大量的
12. shallow adj. 肤浅的,浅薄的
13. opinion n. 意见,看法
14. quality n. 品德,素质
adj. 优质的
15. basis n. 基础,原因
16. respect vt. 尊重,尊敬
n. 尊敬
17. measure vt. 估量,判定
n. 措施;衡量
18. seek v. 试图,寻找
19. escape v. 逃脱,躲避
20. joy n. 高兴, 愉快
21. moment n. 时光,时机
22. indeed adv. 其实,实际上
23. crowd n. 一伙人,人群
v. 挤满,聚积
24. company n. 陪伴;公司
拓展单词——通其用
1. original adj.原来的;独创的;原件的n.原件;原作→ origin n.起源;由来;来源
2. recover v.恢复→ recovery n.恢复,康复
3. loss n.丧失;损失→ lose vt.(lost;lost) 失去,丢失→ lost adj.丢失的;失去的
4. judge vt.&vi.评价;评判;判断n.法官;审判员;裁判员→ judgement n.判定;裁判
5. apologize vi.道歉;谢罪→ apology n.道歉;辩白
6. behaviour n.行为; 举止 → behave vt.&vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现
7. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ suffering n.痛苦;苦难→ sufferer n.患病者,受难者
8. explode vi.爆炸→ explosion n.爆炸→ explosive adj.爆炸的
9. efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的→ efficiency n.效率
10. reflect vt.显示;反映;反射→ reflection n.反应;反射
11. benefit n.好处,益处→ beneficial adj.有益的,有帮助的
12. comfort vt.&n.宽慰,安慰→ comfortable adj.舒适的
13. failure n.失败;失败的(人或事物)→ fail v.失败
14. recognition n.认出;认可;承认→ recognize vt.认出;识别;承认
15. death n.死亡→ dead adj.死的,失去生命的→ die v.死,去世
16. poet n.诗人→ poem n.诗→ poetry n.诗歌的总称
17. admire vt.钦佩;赞赏→ admiration n.钦佩;欣赏;赞美
阅读单词——明其义
1.chat vi.& n. 聊天,闲聊
2.cafe n. 咖啡馆,小餐馆
3.case n. 事例;案件;具体情况
4.blog n. 博客,网志
5.wellmeaning adj. 出于好心的
6.thorough adj. 彻底的,全面的
7.wine n. 果酒;葡萄酒
1.美丽“景色;风景”入画来
2.真的“生气”了
①scenery风景;景色 ②scene 景色
③sight 风景;名胜 ④view 景色
⑤outlook 景色;景致 ⑥landscape 风景
①annoy vt.使……不悦②explode v.勃然大怒③mad/crazy adj.气愤的 ④angry adj.生气的
⑤anger n.生气 ⑥upset v.使生气
[Part 2 妙记·核心短语]
1. out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线
2. on the rocks (关系)陷于困境,濒临崩溃
3. at a loss 不知所措,困惑
4. in the wrong 有错,应承担责任
5. in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
6. let go of 放弃,摒弃;松手
7. count on 依赖,依靠,指望
8. eat away at 腐蚀,侵蚀
9. in full measure 最大程度地
10.come between...and... 损害……之间的关系,离间
11.in person 亲自,亲身
12.through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻, 同甘共苦
13.in one's opinion 在某人看来
14.get over 克服;恢复常态
15.bring out 使显现,使表现出
16.smooth out 消除,克服
17.be meant to do sth. 注定要做某事,应做某事
get短语小结
①get on/along with进展;与……相处
②get across 讲清楚;被……理解
③get around 四处走动(旅行);(消息等)传播
④get down to 开始认真(做某事)
⑤get through 通过;完成;接通(电话)
⑥get over 克服
⑦get on上车;进展
⑧get off 下车
⑨get in one's way 挡路
⑩get used to 习惯于
⑪get in touch with 与……取得联系
⑫get it 了解,懂得,明白
[Part 3 速记·经典句式]
典型句式
教材原句
1.whether...or 引导的让步状语从句
Whether we're walking to school, doing homework (不管我们是步行到学校,做作业) or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight.
2.be to 句式
Our original plan was to see a film (去看电影) at the cinema that afternoon.
3.how 引导的感叹句
How stupid (多么笨) I was!
4.so... that
I was so angry that I avoided her (如此生气以至于我避开她) during school all day, and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages.
5.keep +宾语+宾补
Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected (使我们保持联系的) are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
[核心单词]
1.recover vi.& vt.痊愈;恢复;找回
►[教材对接]
Instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else.
她不是在家康复,而是她外出与其他人开心地玩
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.
②They need to sell a million copies to recover (recover)their cost.
③(2023·全国甲卷)Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery (recover)has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,...
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)recover from... 从……中恢复过来
recover sth.from... 全额收回;找回,寻回
(2)recovery n. 恢复;痊愈;复苏
make a recovery 恢复
[链接写作]——完成句子
④I feel very sorry.I'm wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness .
我觉得很抱歉。我想知道你是否已经从疾病中恢复过来了。
2.respond vi.& vt.回答;回应;回复;做出反应
►[教材对接]
I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages.
我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2023·北京卷)For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward—the reduction of stress.
②(2024·1月浙江卷)We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a caloriepoor world, and our brains developed a response (respond) mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
③His question failed to get a response from any of the students.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
respond to... 回应……;对……作出反应
respond that... 回答说……
response n. 回答;响应;反应
in response to 响应;反应(通常作状语)
make (no) response to 对……(不)作出反应/回答
[链接写作]——完成句子
④When asked about the company's future,the director responded that he remained optimistic .
问到公司的未来的时候,经理回答说他依然乐观。
3.judge n.裁判员;法官;审判员 vt.& vi.评价;判断;评判
►[教材对接]
Don't be so quick to judge your friend.
不要很快对你的朋友做出评判。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance.
② Judging (judge) from/by his accent, he is from Canada.
③The teacher judged him to be (be) honest.
④You should take it seriously. Do not make a judgement (judge) too quickly.
⑤ In his judgement , his mother is the greatest in the world.
在他看来,他的妈妈是世界上最伟大的妈妈。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
make a judgement on/about 对……作出判断
in one's judgement 按某人的看法
judge sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj. 判断/认为某人/某物是……
judge that...断定……; 认为……;估计……
judge...by/from... 根据……判断……
judging by/from... 从……来判断
judgement n.[C,U] 看法;判决;判断
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑥ Judging from the way he talks ,I'm sure he's a scholar.
从他的谈吐上看,我相信他是一位学者。
eq \a\vs4\al(4.apologize vi.道歉;谢罪)
►[教材对接]
Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
也许她知道她有错并且想道歉或者也许她有对她行为的简单解释。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①He apologized to the public for the delay in announcing the information.
②He offered me an apology (apologize) for losing my book.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉;辩白
make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse an/one's apology
接受/拒绝某人的道歉
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(全国Ⅲ卷)After a while, she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning.
事后她因刚开始的行为而向我道歉。
eq \a\vs4\al(5.suffer vt.&vi.遭受;忍受;经历)
►[教材对接]
However, if your friend ignores your feeling or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship.
然而,如果你的朋友忽视你的情感或使你痛苦,那么是时候重新考虑你们的关系了。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.
②I hope this would end my suffering (suffer).
③So,what can sufferers (suffer) do while they are moving towards recovery?
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients suffering (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)suffer后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage等名词作宾语。
suffer from受罪;吃苦。后常接表示疾病的名词或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名词。,
2suffering n.痛苦;苦难
3sufferer n.患病者;受难者
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
后来,他在非洲工作,在那里许多人因缺乏适当的治疗而失明。
6.benefit n.利益;好处vt.& vi.使受益;得益于;有助于
►[教材对接]
As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
因为我们居住在社会群体中,有许多我们能享受的朋友益处。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①A lower GDP target may in fact be beneficial (benefit) to the development of China.
②(2024·北京卷)Social benefits (benefit) are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.
③He lost his life for the benefit of his country.
④(2021·全国乙卷)In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
(1)for the benefit of 为引起……的兴趣; 为……的利益
be of benefit to 对……有益
(2)benefit from/by... 从……受益;得益于
benefit sb. 对某人有益
(3)beneficial adj. 有利的;有益的;受益的
be beneficial to 对……有益;对……有利
[形象记忆]
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤(2023·全国乙卷) There are many benefits to growing plants indoors.
在室内种植植物有很多好处。
[间考单词]
1.sight n.视野;视力;看见
[语境练悟]——补全句子
①Standing at the top of the hill, you can catch sight of the whole city.
站在山顶,你能够看见全城的景色。
②We waved until the car was out of sight .
我们一直招手,直到那辆汽车消失在视野之中。
③It was nearly bed time and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight .
差不多该是睡觉的时候了,等他们第二天早上醒来,就能看见陆地。
eq \a\vs4\al(2.case n.具体情况,事例;案件;容器)
[语境练悟]——用case的相关短语填空
①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
②(2023·新课标卷) In that case , we'll go to the cinema instead.
③ In no case do we believe that he is so generous.
④ As is often the case ,anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
⑤Sometimes I was very worried in case of trouble in work,but I told myself to keep calm and finally I adapted to the new working state.
⑥Don't tell him it was me who told this to you in any case .
eq \a\vs4\al(3.generous adj.宽宏大量的,仁慈的)
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①The boss is generous to his employees.
②It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both.
③He is always generous with money when his friends turn to him for help.
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①I hope airlines can show more respect for/to passengers and improve service.
②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued and respected (respect), no matter my level of artistic ability.
③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers' labor .
中国的孩子从小就受到告诫,不要浪费一粒米,这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。
4.respect vt.& n.尊敬;尊重
[名师点津] respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“细节;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
1.let go of放弃,摒弃;松手,放开
►[教材对接]
When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.
当我发现我被他欺骗了时,我真的很伤心,放弃了我们的友谊。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①He could barely keep body and soul together, let alone support his family.
②When we watched the national flag raised in the Olympic Games on TV, we let out a cheer.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
let alone 更不用说;更谈不上
let sb./sth. alone 对某人/某事放任不管;置之不理
let down 把……放下来;使(某人)失望/情绪低沉
let in 允许进入;容许;许可
[链接写作]——完成句子
③If you love birds, you should let go of the bird .
如果你爱鸟,你就应该把这只鸟释放。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①If you think you can get away with it, you've got another think coming.
②I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand to get over nervousness.
③(2023·全国甲卷)And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.
eq \a\vs4\al(2.get over克服;恢复常态)
◆[教材对接]
I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties.
我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
get across 被理解;使了解
get around 到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于get round); 有办法应付
get away with 被放过;侥幸逃脱
get down to 着手做某事;开始认真考虑
get into 陷入;染上(坏习惯);养成;习惯于
get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话;熬过(困难时期等)
[链接写作]——完成句子
④There's not much time left, let's get down to preparing for the party .
没多少时间了。让我们赶紧着手准备派对吧。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①This picture often brings back many happy memories of my high school days to me.
②Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of consequences it will bring about .
③He made every effort to bring down the cost of living.
eq \a\vs4\al(3.bring out使显现,使表现出)
►[教材对接]
To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person.
对我来说,一个好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
bring about (=lead to/result in) 引起;导致;产生;带来
bring sth. back 使某物恢复;带回某物;使想起某事
bring down 让……降下来;使倒下
bring in 引入;赚(钱)
bring forth 产生;产出;发表
bring forward 提出;将……提前
[链接写作]——完成句子
④The plan he brought up has brought down the cost of production and brought in a lot of profits, which brought the company back to life .
他提出的方案降低了生产成本,带来了大量利润,这使公司恢复了生机。
1.so...that 如此……以至于
►[教材对接]
I were so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages.
我是如此生气以至于我在学校一整天我都避开她,并且我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
②So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.
③The Great Wall is such a wellknown tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
④It is so difficult a problem that none of us can work it out.
[考点归纳]——知识生成
so/such ...that ...都用来引导结果状语从句,在该结构中是用“so”还是用“such”要看被修饰的成分而定:
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a/an+n.(可数名词单数)+that...
so+many/few/much/little(少的)+n.+that...
such+adj.+n.(不可数名词/可数名词复数)+that...
such+a/an+adj.+n.(可数名词单数)+that...=so+adj.+a/an+n.(可数名词单数)+that...
so/such连同被其修饰的成分置于句首时,句子要用倒装。
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤In fact,his spoken English was so good that the teacher praised him for it in class .
事实上,他的英语口语非常好,以至于老师在课堂上表扬了他。
[语境练悟]——单句语法填空
①Next,keep the conversation going (go) by asking questions to show interest.
②Please remain seated and keep your seat belts fastened (fasten).
③We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake (wake).
eq \a\vs4\al(2.keep +宾语+宾补结构)
►[教材对接]
Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
然而至今,使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的真义。
[考点归纳]——知识生成
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词等,但高考主要考查分词,其用法如下:
①keep+宾语+过去分词,过去分词和宾语构成被动关系
②keep+宾语+现在分词,现在分词和宾语构成主动关系
[链接写作]——完成句子
④(全国Ⅱ卷)You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
锻炼后你能保持你的头脑清晰4~10小时。
⑤The boss kept them working twelve hours a day .
老板让他们一天工作十二个小时。
[全练透]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I was the first to ask him awkward (令人尴尬的) questions but there'll be harder ones to come.
2.I think you should go back to your original (起初的) plan.
3.Unless you respect other people's thoughts, horrible (极坏的) misunderstanding will occur.
4.After the earthquake, the economy is at last beginning to recover (恢复).
5.They are likely to respond (回答) positively to the President's request for aid.
6.By hard work they made up for the loss (损失) of time.
7.I wanted to apologize (道歉) for today. I think I was a little hard on you.
8.Such behavior (表现) is common to all young people.
9.He ignored (忽视) all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.
10.The company suffered (遭受) huge losses in the last financial year.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I was at a loss (lose) for what to do next.
2.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly (thorough) cleaned and everything was in good order.
3.The facilities have improved beyond all recognition (recognize).
4.We must take measures (measure) to protect the environment from pollution.
5.You're brave and courageous. You can make it .
6.The bag had been returned to the original (origin) owner.
7.You have several ways to respond to this awkward question.
8.She let go of Mona's hand and took a sip of her drink.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in person, get over, at a loss, count on, eat away at, in one's opinion, take on, through thick and thin
1.As your strength grows, you can take on bigger challenges.
2. In my opinion , it's understandable that women seek beauty, but they should do it in a proper way.
3.The winner will be there in person to collect the prize.
4.After a broken promise, it is hard to count on a person.
5.No one ever gets over being shy completely, but most people do learn to live with their shyness.
6.Father and mother went through thick and thin together. They now live a healthy and wealthy life.
7.“But how do you know?”I pretended to be at a loss .
8.Doing a job you hate may eat away at your happiness over time.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.Sticking to goals helps us achieve what we want .
坚持目标帮助我们实现我们想要的。
2.He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.
他作了一场如此精彩的演讲,以至于每个人都钦佩他。
3. Judging by her accent , she comes from somewhere in the south.
从她的口音判断,她来自于南方某个地方。
4.We didn't mean to hurt him . It was a bit of fun.
我们并不是有意要伤害他,只不过是开个玩笑罢了。
5.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room .
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。
[重落实]
Ⅰ.单元巩固练
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全短文,并背诵体会黑体部分用法。
Amy has been close with her 1. best (good) friend since primary school. They always stay together, 2. doing (do) many things. They 3. had planned (plan) to go to the cinema together last Saturday afternoon,
but in the morning her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 4. it . She believed 5. what her friend said. However, someone told her that her friend 6. was chatting (chat) with another girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon. Her friend's “illness” was a complete lie, which made her very 7. angry (anger). Cindy thinks that she should find an opportunity 8. to talk (talk) with her friend 9. frankly (frank) and solve the problem together, while David thinks she can decide whether their friendship will last 10. or not.
Ⅱ.话题微写作(介绍类)
假如你是李华,你校最近开展了中学生如何处理人际关系的讨论,请你写一篇你们小组的讨论总结,发表在英语校报上,写作要点:
1.做好自己;
2.尊重他人;
3.学会沟通。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Recently,we held a heated discussion about how to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the opinions of our group.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
We hope all of us can enjoy our school life.
[参考范文]
Recently,we held a heated discussion about how to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the opinions of our group.
First of all,as middle school students,we should be kind and friendly to others,always ready to give a helping hand to those in need. Besides, we must behave ourselves,obeying both class and school rules and doing what we can for the class. Also,it matters a great deal to be honest and trustworthy in our daily life.Thirdly,we should respect the old and love the young,
especially showing concern for our parents and our teachers by understanding them and following their instructions. Last but not least,we should learn to communicate with others try to be considerate and put ourselves in others' shoes,especially when frictions come.
We hope all of us can enjoy our school life.
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(3)——“生气与愤怒”
●[多样表达]
1.annoyed adj.恼怒的,气恼的
2.cross adj.生气的,不高兴的
3.rage/fury n.愤怒
4.glare v.对……怒目而视
5.anger n.生气
6.blow up勃然大怒
7.flame with anger气得满脸通红
8.get mad/cross at sb.对某人勃然大怒
9.stamp one's foot in anger愤怒地跺脚
10.tremble with anger因愤怒而颤抖
11.run out of the room in a burst of anger
怒气冲冲地跑出房间
12.can hardly/scarcely contain one's anger
几乎控制不住怒火
13.give sb.a look of burning anger
愤怒地看了某人一眼
14.glare at sb.with burning eyes
用灼热的目光怒视着某人
●[佳句观摩]
杰克感到非常生气。
基础普通描写:
Jack felt very angry.
形象生动描述:
1.Jack felt so angry that he stormed out of the room,slamming (砰地关上) the door furiously behind him(冲出房间,狠狠摔门).
2.Filled with anger (狂怒),Jack was unable to utter a single word(充满愤怒,说不出话).
3.Boiling with rage(愤怒),Jack shook his fist (怒火中烧,挥舞拳头) at me.
4.Full of fury (发怒),Jack could hardly contain his rage(几乎控制不住怒火).
●[好句仿写]
得知他偷走了他的手机,汤姆怒火中烧。
基础普通描写:
Learning that he stole his mobile phone, Tom got mad.
形象生动描述:
1.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom's anger broke out (爆发了).
2.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom could hardly contain his anger (几乎控制不住怒火).
3.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom was breathing fire and anger (充满着怒火).
[培优1] 单元知识链高考
一、熟词生义
1.(全国Ⅲ卷)The whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day. n.场景
2.I am not only interested in photograph,but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. v.更新;提高
3.She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines of your hands. n.命运;前途
二、一词多义——根据语境选出scene的含义
A.现场 B.景色 C.舞台 D.场景
1.The first scene of the play is the king's palace. D
2.He drew a picture of wintry scene. B
[培优2] 高考语篇培素养——Topic:人类道德规范
◆真题文本
(2024·北京卷)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far predate the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for selfcare.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is selfserving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence selfdiscipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts selfcontrol, just as it boosts problemsolving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
1.What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code?
A.Living conditions were the drive.
B.Unwritten rules were the target.
C.Social tradition was the basis.
D.Honesty was the key.
2.What can we learn from this passage?
A.Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B.Basic human needs lead o universal norms.
C.Language capacity is limited by selfcontrol.
D.Written laws have great influence on virtues.
3.Which would be the best title for this passage?
A.Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures
B.The Values of Selfdiscipline
C.Brains: Walls Against Chaos
D.The Roots of Morality
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论,介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
1.C [推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by
traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.(在这里,规范是不成文的,很少明确表达,但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为;领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱,所以被强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部,生活的要求如此之高,因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知,因纽特人的生活中,规范是不成文的,因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。]
2.B [细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far predate the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反,它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制。)”可知,普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制,即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。]
3.D [主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则。)”以及文章内容可知,本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论,主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中,所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。]
◆素材积累
(一)由文本积累主题词块
1.moral code of early humans 早期人类的道德准则
2.lead to chaos 导致混乱
3.the similarity of moral virtues 道德美德的相似性
4.be rooted in 根植于
5.a socially complex world 一个社会复杂的世界
6.a sense of right and wrong 一种是非对错的感觉
7.problemsolving skills 解题技巧
8.social practices 社会实践
(二)由文本积累阅读词汇
1.code n. 行为准则;
2.dishonest adj. 不诚实的
3.leadership n. 领导;领先地位
4.disapprove v. 不赞成
5.community n. 社区
6.system n. 系统
7.selfdiscipline n 自律
8.advantageous adj. 有利的;有好处的
(三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上)
1.violent
A.暴力的 B.剧烈的 C.猛烈的 D.狂暴的
①The process will slowly carry on without producing any violent shake, noises and dust. B
②A violent storm had struck the area. C
③What all this tells us is that hurricanes are much more than just violent, damaging storms. D
2.social
A.社会的 B.交际的 C.群居的 D.联谊会
①At first, language is a social phenomenon,and is also the tool of social intercommunication. B
②There is no doubt that these phenomena are shocking and should arouse our social concern. A
③These endangered gentle giants are highly social animals. C
◆长句缩写
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.
eq \a\vs4\al([句子剖析]) 请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉,留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。
The similarity of moral virtues (across cultures)is striking, (even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment).
eq \a\vs4\al([句子缩写]) The similarity of moral virtues is striking. (不超过10个单词)
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