语法突破 专题1 第2讲 8种基本句型（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（北师大版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦8种基本句型核心考点，按句型类型系统梳理定义及结构，结合2024-2025年高考真题例句解析，通过对点演练、语法单句练、写作练及语篇练分层设计，帮助学生构建句型知识网络，突破语法理解与应用难点。 资料突出真题导向与分层训练特色，如“对点演练”引导学生分析句型结构培养思维品质，语法语篇练结合人物事迹补全句子提升语言能力，助力学生在有限时间内高效掌握句型应用规律，为教师提供清晰复习路径，有效把控备考节奏。

　第二讲　8种基本句型 任何语言都有各自不同的构建方式来传达一种意义或情感等，这就是句型。英语有构建句型的共性，也有其特殊的构建方式。英语里共有8种基本句型。 1．主语＋谓语(SV) 谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不需接宾语，本身能表达完整的意思。 (2025·全国二卷)I smiled, feeling a warmth spread through me. 我微笑着，感觉到一股温暖在我身上蔓延。 2．主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA) 谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词(短语)、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 3．主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO) 谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词＋动词不定式、动词­ing形式、从句等。 (2025·全国一卷)We pay little attention to other classmates' personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations. 我们很少关注其他同学的个性、爱好、优势，甚至抱负。 4．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA) 有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词短语等作状语。 A man may dig his grave with his teeth. 祸从口出。 5．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (SVOO) 谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。 (2025·全国一卷) I handed him the box of biscuits. 我递给他那盒饼干。 6．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC) 谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，需要再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。 (2025·浙江1月卷) He asked Kevin to describe the man in detail. 他让凯文详细描述一下那个人。 7．主语＋系动词＋表语(SVP) 动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有： ①表示感官的动词：feel、appear、look、smell、taste、sound等； ②表示状态延续的动词：remain、stay、keep、continue等； ③表示转变、变化的动词：become、get、turn、go、run、fall、come、grow等。 (2025·北京卷)Another idea is to promote cultural exchange. 另一个想法是促进文化交流。 8．存现句(There be...) There be...意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be...属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以是lie、stand、used to be、seem to be、appear to be等来表达更加具体形象的意义。 ①There are many people enjoying themselves near the lake. 很多人在湖边玩得很开心。 ②There happened to be nobody around when the accident happened. 事故发生时，碰巧周围没有人。 [对点演练]——指出下列句子属于方框内的哪种基本句式 1．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.　 B　 2．Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.　 C　 3．Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 　 E　 4．The days get longer and longer when summer comes.　 B　 5．My father bought me a new bike last week.　 D　 6．They found the house decorated with beautiful flowers.　 E　 7．(2024·北京卷)My friends all jumped up in excitement.　 A　 8．The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.　 C　 Ⅰ.语法单句练 1．(2025·北京卷)They themselves don't know why they are following the crowd and longing for the pressures of 　academic　(academy) difficulty. 2．(2025·全国二卷)From technological solutions to 　educational　(education) campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing. 3．(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 　solution　 (solve) to one­time event dressing. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six­meter­tall pavilion, 　inspired　 (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespear's birthplace. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She says 　it　 is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)It was a moment of connection with nature 　that　 I truly cherished. 7．(2024·浙江1月卷)This exercise is 　recommended　 (recommend) for several reasons. 8．(2024·浙江1月卷)In the past few years, online learning 　has become　 (become) a significant part of the university and college experience. 9．(2024·北京卷)　Slowing　 (slow) down can contribute significantly to personal growth. 10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The task John set for himself was to remove 　harmful　 (harm) substances from some sludge(污泥)． Ⅱ.语法写作练 1．　There are many students standing in a queue　 to welcome the old soldier. 有很多学生正站队欢迎这位老兵。 2．He told me 　a_helicopter_was_on_its_way　. 他告诉我说一架直升机在来的路上。 3．Although I tried my best，　I_failed　. 虽然我尽了我最大的努力，但我还是失败了。 4．When I felt very depressed, 　my_father_encouraged_me　. 在我感到非常沮丧时，我的父亲鼓励了我。 5．The cross­country running race 　turned_out_to_be_a_great_success　. 越野比赛取得了巨大的成功。 6．　The_teacher_told_me_an_inspiring_story_　the moment I wanted to give up. 在我想放弃的那一刻，老师给我讲了一个鼓舞人心的故事。 Ⅲ.语法语篇练(根据汉语提示补全句子) Liang Jianying，general designer of the China high­speed EMU,1.　was_born_in_1972　(生于1972年)．Since she graduated in 1995，she 2.　has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching　(把她所有的时间都花在研究上)into the development of the China high­speed railway.Afterwards，she invented the 300～350 km/h high­speed EMU,3.　making_it_more_convenient_for_us_to_get_around_quickly　(让我们可以更方便地快速走动).4.　It_is_because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country_that　(正是因为她对我们国家的杰出贡献) China is playing a leading role in high­speed railways all over the world.As a consequence,5.　she_was_awarded_in_2015　(她在2015年获奖)．However，she never shows any signs of pride. Liang Jianying 6.　has_set_a_good_example_to_us　(为我们树立了一个好榜样)．From her，I realize that we should keep on trying 7.　until_we_realize_our_dreams　(直到我们实现了我们的梦想)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $