摘要:
**基本信息**
以“Honesty”主题为统领,系统整合词汇、短语、语音及核心语法(一般过去时、情态动词should),通过方法提炼与分层练习提升语言能力与思维品质。
**综合设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|核心语法|一般过去时(3类句型)、should用法(4种句式)|提炼动词过去式规则/不规则变化,明确否定句some变any、情态动词后接原形等规则|从词汇(如break→broke)到短语(如pick up),再到语法应用(课文句型),形成“词-句-篇”逻辑链|
|基础练习|词汇2题、单选8题、填空10题、句型转换5题|针对语法点设计专项训练,如用所给词适当形式填空强化时态应用|题型覆盖词汇记忆、语法辨析、句式转换,对应语言能力中的理解与表达,培养规则应用的思维品质|
内容正文:
【译林版六年级上册】
Unit 2 Honesty 基础知识总结及练习
第一部分 基础知识总结
一、核心单词
1. honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的;老实的
反义词:dishonest 不诚实的;名词形式:honesty 诚实
2. lie /laɪ/ n. 谎言;v. 说谎
过去式:lied;短语:tell a lie 说谎
3. truth /truːθ/ n. 真相,实话
搭配:tell the truth 说实话
4. break /breɪk/ v. 弄坏,损坏
不规则过去式:broke
5. repair /rɪˈpeə(r)/ v. 修理,修补
过去式:repaired(规则变化)
6. yesterday /ˈjestədeɪ/ adv.&n. 昨天
7. find /faɪnd/ v. 找到,捡到
不规则过去式:found
8. begin /bɪˈɡɪn/ v. 开始
不规则过去式:began;搭配 begin to do sth. 开始做某事
9. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ n.&v. 承诺
短语:make a promise 许诺;break a promise 违背承诺
10. wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包
11. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ v. 归还,返还
12. pick /pɪk/ v. 捡起
过去式:picked;短语 pick up 捡起
13. decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v. 决定
搭配 decide to do sth. 决定做某事
14. should /ʃʊd/ modal v. 应该(情态动词,后接动词原形)
二、单元重点短语
1. tell a lie 说谎
2. tell the truth 说实话
3. on one’s way home 在某人回家路上
4. pick up a wallet 捡起钱包
5. return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
6. try one’s best 尽某人最大努力
7. say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉
8. begin to do sth. 开始做某事
9. break a book 弄坏书本
10. great fun 十分有趣
11. happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
12. for fun 闹着玩
13. each of us 我们每个人
14. It doesn’t matter. 没关系
三、语音
本单元字母组合 ea 发长元音 /iː/
例词:teacher, tea, read, eat, clean, sea, meat
拓展:ea 其他发音(拓展积累):bread /e/,head /e/
四、核心语法
语法1:一般过去时(实义动词)
1. 含义:描述昨天、过去某一天发生的动作,本单元课文均使用该时态
2. 时间标志词:one day(有一天)、yesterday、just now(刚刚)
3. 动词变化分类
① 规则变化:直接+ed
pick→picked, repair→repaired, decide→decided
② 不规则变化
find → found 捡到;break → broke 弄坏;begin → began 开始;tell → told 说
4. 三大句型结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他
Sam found a storybook on his way home.
(2)否定句:主语 + didn’t (did not) + 动词原形 + 其他
He didn’t want to tell a lie.
注意:didn’t 后面动词必须变回原形,不能加ed
(3)一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答:Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t.
— Did you break the book?
— No, I didn’t.
5. 注意:否定/疑问句式中some 改为 any
I found some books. → I didn’t find any books.
语法2:情态动词 should / shouldn’t
1. 用法:提建议、表达做人准则,后永远加动词原形
2. 肯定句:主语 + should + 动词原形
We should tell the truth. 我们应该说实话。
3. 否定句:主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形
You shouldn’t tell a lie. 你不应该说谎。
4. 一般疑问句:Should + 主语 + 动词原形?
— Should I say sorry to him?
— Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t.
五、课文重点句型
1. One day, Sam found a storybook on his way home.
有一天,萨姆在回家路上捡到一本故事书。
2. He began to read the book. It was great fun.
他开始看书,这本书特别有趣。
3. He broke the book and felt sorry.
他弄坏了书,心里很愧疚。
4. He tried his best to repair it and said sorry to Bobby.
他尽全力修补书本,并向波比道歉。
5. We should always tell the truth and never tell a lie.
我们应该永远说实话,绝不撒谎。
6. It is not always easy, but each of us should try.
做到诚实并不容易,但我们每个人都应该努力。
7. What happened to you yesterday?
你昨天发生了什么事?
8. I decided to return the wallet to its owner.
我决定把钱包还给主人。
第二部分 基础练习题
一、词汇基础过关
1. 根据中文写单词
(1) 诚实的 __________ (2) 谎言 __________
(3) 真相 __________ (4) 弄坏(过去式)__________
(5) 昨天 __________ (6) 捡到(过去式)__________
(7) 修理 __________ (8) 应该 __________
2. 英汉互译
(1) tell the truth _______________
(2) on one’s way home _______________
(3) try one’s best _______________
(4) say sorry to sb. _______________
(5) pick up a wallet _______________
(6) 说谎 _______________
(7) 开始做某事 _______________
(8) 归还钱包 _______________
(9) 十分有趣 _______________
(10) 我们每个人 _______________
二、单项选择
( ) 1. One day, I ______ a nice pen on my way home.
A. find B. found C. finds
( ) 2. You ______ tell lies. It’s bad.
A. shouldn’t B. should C. can
( ) 3. —______ you repair the book yesterday? —Yes, I ______.
A. Do; do B. Did; did C. Does; does
( ) 4. He ______ want to cheat people last week.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. didn’t
( ) 5. We ______ tell the truth. It’s honest.
A. should B. shouldn’t C. didn’t
( ) 6. She ______ to read the storybook last night.
A. begin B. began C. begins
( ) 7. I didn’t see ______ wallets on the ground.
A. some B. any C. a
( ) 8. They decided ______ the wallet to the man.
A. return B. to return C. returning
三、用所给词适当形式填空
1. Sam ________ (find) a storybook yesterday afternoon.
2. He ________ (break) the book and felt sad.
3. You should ________ (say) sorry to your friend.
4. My sister ________ (not go) to school yesterday.
5. —Did he ________ (tell) the truth? —Yes, he did.
6. They ________ (begin) to read books one day.
7. I tried my best ________ (repair) the broken bag.
8. We shouldn’t ________ (tell) a lie.
9. She ________ (pick) up a wallet on her way home last Sunday.
10. He decided ________ (return) the wallet to the owner.
四、句型转换
1. I found a wallet on the road yesterday.(改为否定句)
I ______ ______ a wallet on the road yesterday.
2. He should tell the truth.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ the truth.
3. Sam broke the storybook.(改为一般疑问句)
______ Sam ______ the storybook?
4. You should say sorry to him.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you ______ sorry to him?
5. They began to read books last night.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they ______ to read books?
【参考答案】
一、
1.
(1) honest (2) lie (3) truth (4) broke
(5) yesterday (6) found (7) repair (8) should
2.
(1) 说实话 (2) 在某人回家路上 (3) 尽某人最大努力 (4) 向某人道歉
(5) 捡起一个钱包 (6) tell a lie (7) begin to do sth. (8) return a wallet
(9) great fun (10) each of us
二、
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B
三、
1. found 2. broke 3. say 4. didn’t go 5. tell
6. began 7. to repair 8. tell 9. picked 10. to return
四、
1. didn’t find
2. shouldn’t tell
3. Did; break
4. Should; say
5. When did; begin
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