选择性必修一 UNIT 1 RELATIONSHIPS（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版）

**基本信息** 聚焦“RELATIONSHIPS”主题，通过不同题型系统训练细节理解、推理判断等阅读能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读A|3题|词义猜测（上下文语境）、细节理解（定位关键句）|人与社会主题，说明文体裁，从现象到AI同理心局限分析| |阅读B|4题|细节理解（段落定位）、态度推理（人物语言）|人与自然主题，结合传统知识与科技应用的说明文| |阅读C|4题|推理判断（行为动机分析）、主旨归纳（首尾呼应）|人与社会主题，记叙文通过故事体现相互陪伴的情感价值| |阅读D|4题|细节理解（观点引用）、主旨大意（高频话题）|人与自然主题，说明文解析动物跨物种友谊现象及原因| |七选五|5题|逻辑衔接（上下文呼应）、段落主旨（主题句定位）|对比电子书与传统书籍特点，培养语篇结构分析能力|

[选择性必修第一册] 课时冲关10　UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS Ⅰ.阅读A 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：聊天机器人 One day I typed into ChatGPT all about my upset feelings and it instantly responded, offering a list of practical advice. Nowadays millions of people are already turning to ChatGPT and specialist therapy (治疗) chatbots for convenient and inexpensive mental health support. Some experts say this is a boon. After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment and burnout, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans. But others worry about the consequences of people seeking emotional support from machines that can only pretend to care. Some even wonder if the rise of socalled empathetic AI might change the way we interact with one another. Indeed, empathy is one of our species' defining qualities, developing as it did in pace with social interaction. One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathiser must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling. They must also be affected by those emotions and differentiate between themselves and the other person, grasping that the other person's feelings aren't their own while still being able to imagine their experience. On the first point, in recent years, AIpowered chatbots have made progress in their ability to read human emotions, most powered by large language models (LLMs) that work by predicting which words are most likely to appear together based on training data. In this way, LLMs like ChatGPT can seemingly identify our feelings and respond appropriately most of the time. But when it comes to the other criteria, AI still misses the mark in many ways. Empathy is interpersonal, with continued feedback helping to perfect the empathiser's response, which also requires some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation. All of this helps to explain conversations like the ones I had with ChatGPT. At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI聊天机器人在提供心理支持方面的利弊，以及与人类真正同理心的差距。 1．What does the underlined word “boon” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Trap.　　　　　 B．Prize. C．Blessing. D．Challenge. 解析：C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段的“After all, AI, undisturbed by embarrassment and burnout, might be able to express empathy (同理心) more openly and tirelessly than humans.”可知，这里提到人工智能因为不受尴尬和疲惫的影响，可能在表达同理心上比人类更开放、不知疲倦，因此对于某些专家来说，这是人工智能在心理健康支持方面的优势，是一种好事。所以boon在这里意为“好事，益处”。] 2．What does the recent analysis show about empathy? A．It calls for clear communication. B．It starts with emotion identification. C．It rules out individual difference. D．It depends on rich imagination. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“One recent analysis about empathy looked at 52 studies published between 1980 and 2019, which shows that the empathiser must first be able to recognize how the other person is feeling.”可知，关于同理心的最近分析表明，同理心的首要条件是能够识别另一个人的感受。] 3．What does the author think of ChatGPT? A．Its development should be sped up. B．Its intelligence is winning more favor. C．Its application should be strictly managed. D．Its artificial kindness is no match for humans'. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第四段的“But when it comes to the other criteria, AI still misses...some degree of intuitive (直觉的) awareness of an individual and their situation.”以及最后一段的“At the end of the day, despite talking to multiple chatbots online, I did what I knew I had to do all along: I picked up my phone and called a friend.”可知，作者在与多个聊天机器人交谈后，最终还是选择给朋友打电话寻求情感支持。这表明，虽然ChatGPT能提供一定的帮助，但在作者看来，它的人工善意仍然不能与真实的人类情感交流相比。由此可推知，作者认为它的人工善意无法与人类的相比。] 阅读B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：SIKU的应用程序 Few social networking platforms are known for inspiring positive social change these days，but an Inuit­developed app is helping local communities from Alaska to Greenland advance their self­determination. Named SIKU after the Inuktitut word for “sea ice”，the app allows communities in the North to pull together traditional knowledge and scientific data to track changes in the environment，trace local wild foods，and make decisions about how to manage wildlife. Over the years，SIKU has stepped forward in its development. Recently，the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge: sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones. In 2019，SIKU relaunched as a full­fledged social network—a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings，hunts and sea ice conditions. The app operates in multiple languages，such as Inuktitut，Innu and Greenlandic. Since early 2024，over 25,000 people from at least 120 communities have made more than 75,000 posts on SIKU. The app is also equipped with useful tools for life on the ice，including weather reports，sea ice forecasts，and other critical safety information. “When I go out on the land with family，we go a long distance，and the SIKU app can show which area we are in. It's precise，” says Karen Nanook，who lives in Taloyoak，Nunavut. The data held in SIKU is abundant and up to date，and communities are already using the app to inform important decisions. In 2021，for example，elders in Sanikiluaq were worried the local reindeer population had thinned，so the Hunters and Trappers Association used SIKU to survey hunters and look at recent reported harvest rates. The analysis led the association to temporarily close the hunt to relieve pressure on the population and to reintroduce hunting slowly once the number of reindeer increased. This decision shows how Inuit can use the technology in combination with traditional wildlife management. “It's part science and part Inuit knowledge. It can work both ways，instead of one dominating the other，” says Arragutainaq，a manager at the association. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款名为SIKU的应用程序，它帮助北部社区收集传统知识和科学数据，跟踪环境变化，追踪当地野生食物，并决定如何管理野生动物。 4．What do we know about SIKU? A．It traces data to do researches. B．It gets tryout all over the world. C．It allows people to post photos and notes. D．It mainly focuses on traditional knowledge. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 2019，SIKU relaunched as a full­fledged social network—a platform where members can post photos and notes about wildlife sightings，hunts and sea ice conditions.(在2019年，SIKU作为一个完全成熟的社交网络重新启动，成员可以在这个平台上发布关于野生动物观察、狩猎和海冰条件的照片和笔记。)”可知，SIKU允许人们发布照片和笔记。] 5．What does the underlined word “full­fledged” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Well­developed. B．Time­saving. C．Business­centered. D．Fancy­looking. 解析：A　[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Over the years，SIKU has stepped forward in its development.Recently，the elders saw that the platform could help address a familiar challenge：sharing knowledge with younger people who often have their noses in their phones.(多年来，SIKU在发展中取得了长足的进步。最近，长辈们发现这个平台可以帮助解决一个熟悉的挑战：与经常盯着手机的年轻人分享知识。)”可知，划线词所在句句意：在2019年，SIKU作为一个完全成熟的社交网络重新启动，成员可以在这个平台上发布关于野生动物观察、狩猎和海冰条件的照片和笔记。可知，full­fledged在此处意为“完全成熟的”。] 6．What is Karen's attitude towards SIKU? A．Favorable.　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Intolerant. D．Curious. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“‘When I go out on the land with family，we go a long distance，and the SIKU app can show which area we are in.It's precise，’says Karen Nanook，who lives in Taloyoak，Nunavut.(‘当我和家人出去的时候，我们会走很长的距离，SIKU应用程序可以显示我们在哪个区域。它非常精确。’住在努纳武特省塔洛约克的Karen Nanook说。)”可知，Karen对SIKU的态度是支持的。] 7．What is the text mainly about? A．SIKU advocates the Inuit tradition. B．SIKU promotes technological advances. C．SIKU tracks changes in the environment. D．SIKU helps local communities make decisions. 解析：D　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“Few social networking platforms are known for inspiring positive social change these days，but an Inuit­developed app is helping local communities from Alaska to Greenland advance their self­determination.(如今，很少有社交网络平台以激发积极的社会变革而闻名，但一款因纽特人开发的应用程序正在帮助从阿拉斯加到格陵兰岛的当地社区提高他们的决定。)”可知，SIKU帮助当地社区做出决策，如跟踪环境变化，追踪当地野生食物，并决定如何管理野生动物。所以短文主要关于SIKU帮助当地社区做出决策。] 阅读C 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：记叙文 话题：相互陪伴与关爱 The insistent knock on the door brought me quickly from my kitchen. With my children down for a nap, I hurried to answer before they were all awakened. We had just moved here and I couldn't imagine who it would be. I opened the door and a crack revealed an old man dressed in dirty clothing. “Can I help you？” I asked, hoping he had the wrong address. “Would you like to buy some fresh garden vegetables？” His voice was trembling but his eyes were hopeful. I wondered if he badly needed the bit of money he was asking for his produce. “I'm Mr. Locket living around the corner. My wife passed away and my children live far away，” he added. Later we knew that the need for companionship had sent him door to door by means of selling fruits and vegetables and ours was the only door opened to him. As days went on, Mr. Locket became a daily visitor. Every day he read books in our big chair with my children curled up on his lap. When they took an afternoon nap, he would rest his head on the back of the chair. In his quiet and gentle way, he endeared_himself_to each child. Gradually the name “Grandpa Locket” slipped into our conversations. Three years later, we had to move to Ontario. He arrived as usual that morning. “Mr. Locket，” I tried to break the news in a gentle way, “You've become a treasured part of this family, but...” Tears glistened in the corners of his eyes. “I promise to keep in touch with you and...” My throat tightened. He nodded and softly said, “Thank you for all your kindness to an old man. When I needed a family, you included me.” With tears, we all hugged him tightly. About a year later, a small envelope from Mr. Locket's daughter was delivered to our home. She informed us that our dear old friend had died. “I'm so grateful for your loving care for my father，” she wrote, “I can see how much you meant to him, too.” Actually we're also grateful for the unexpected love that swept into our lives the moment we opened that door. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了作者一家与Locket先生相互陪伴与关爱的故事。 8．Which of the following is the true reason why the old man knocked on the door? A．To sell produce. B．To visit the family. C．To beg for money. D．To seek company. 解析：D　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Later we knew that the need for companionship had sent him door to door by means of selling fruits and vegetables and ours was the only door opened to him.(后来我们才知道，由于需要陪伴，他不得不挨家挨户地推销水果和蔬菜，而我们家的门是唯一向他敞开的。)”可知，老人敲门是为了寻求陪伴。] 9. What does the underlined phrase “endeared himself to” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Felt guilty about. B．Buried himself in. C．Contributed himself to. D．Made himself liked by. 解析：D　[词句猜测题。根据文章划线句上文“Every day he read books in our big chair with my children curled up on his lap. When they took an afternoon nap, he would rest his head on the back of the chair.(每天他都坐在我们家的大椅子上看书，我的孩子们蜷缩在他的腿上。他们午睡的时候，他会把头靠在椅背上。)”以及下一句“Gradually the name ‘Grandpa Locket’ slipped into our conversations.(渐渐地，‘Locket爷爷’这个名字出现在我们的谈话中。)”可知，Locket深受孩子们的喜爱，“endeared himself to”与“made himself liked by”意思相近，表示“使自己受……的喜爱、欢迎”。] 10．Which sentence can show the old man's deep feeling for the family most? A．“...When I needed a family, you included me.” B．“You've become a treasured part of this family, but...” C．“Would you like to buy some fresh garden vegetables？” D．When they took an afternoon nap, he would rest his head on the back of the chair. 解析：A　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“He nodded and softly said, ‘Thank you for all your kindness to an old man. When I needed a family, you included me.’ With tears, we all hugged him tightly.(他点点头，温柔地说：‘谢谢你们对一位老人的好意。当我需要家人的时候，你们让我加入。’我们都流着泪紧紧地抱住了他。)”可知，老人十分感激作者一家的陪伴，因此，他对作者一家有很深的感情，“...When I needed a family, you included me.”这一句最能体现老人对这家人的感情。] 11．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．All is well that ends well. B．Love is a two­way experience. C．Children's company is important. D．All good things must come to an end. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘I'm so grateful for your loving care for my father，’ she wrote, ‘I can see how much you meant to him, too.’ Actually we're also grateful for the unexpected love that swept into our lives the moment we opened that door.(‘我非常感激你们对我父亲的关爱，’她写道：‘我知道你们对他也很重要。’其实我们也很感激，当我们打开那扇门的那一刻，突如其来的爱就席卷了我们的生活。)”可推知，作者一家给予老人关爱，同时也获得了老人的陪伴，这种爱是相互的。] 阅读D 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：动物跨种族友谊 You may have recently seen a video from the Beijing Wildlife Zoo becoming a hit. What exactly was so interesting about this video? It shows a dog playing with big cats four to five times its size! Many people might wonder if this dog has a death wish, but it seems that the dog and the big cats are good friends. The dog was actually raised alongside the lion and tiger cubs, making up an odd but loving family, according to zoo officials. As opposed to the common belief, cross­species friendship has been around for centuries. People have domesticated many animals, most notably cats and dogs, and formed bonds with them as pets. Perhaps you even have a pet yourself. There are many other instances of cross­species friendships. At an animal sanctuary in Santiago, Chile, a jaguar named Marina and a deer named Laura formed a friendship after they both came to the park. As neither animal had a mother, sanctuary staff said they instantly bonded when they met. Laura had been rescued from a slaughterhouse while Marina had been rescued from the street. One possible explanation for these friendships is the environment of the zoo. Animals don't hunt for their food and don't need to worry about marking their territory or looking for mates in the way an animal in the wild would. “All those activities take time and energy, and if these needs are removed, the animals get bored，” Gordon Burghardt, a psychologist at the University of Tenessee, US, told The Atlantic magazine. “In this particular situation, the animal's motivation to engage socially and playfully may be higher in its need hierarchy(等级)than eating.” Marc Bekoff, former biology professor at the University of Colorado, US, told Slate magazine, “I think the choices animals make in cross­species relationships are the same as they'd make in same­species relationships. Some dogs don't like every other dog. Animals are very selective about the other individuals who they let into their lives.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了动物之间的跨种族友谊的现象和原因。 12．What is the common opinion about the friendship between animals? A．It's easier for dogs and cats to become friends. B．Animals tend to play with peers of the same species. C．The friendship between animals is not solid and reliable. D．It's common that animals of different species can become friends. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many people might wonder if this dog has a death wish, but it seems that the dog and the big cats are good friends.(很多人可能会想这只狗是不是想死，但看起来这只狗和大型猫科动物是好朋友。)”和第二段“As opposed to the common belief, cross­species friendship has been around for centuries.(与人们普遍认为的不同，跨物种的友谊已经存在了几个世纪。)”可知，人们普遍认为，动物之间跨越种族之间的友谊是不存在的，即动物们更倾向于和同类的动物玩耍。] 13. Why are Marina and Laura mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To present a truth. B．To explain a phenomenon. C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide a proof. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are many other instances of cross­species friendships.(还有很多其它的跨物种友谊的例子。)”和第四段“At an animal sanctuary in Santiago, Chile, a jaguar named Marina and a deer named Laura formed a friendship after they both came to the park.(在智利圣地亚哥的一个动物保护区，一只名叫玛丽娜的美洲虎和一只名叫劳拉的鹿来到公园后建立了友谊。)”可知，文章第四段提及Marina and Laura是为了提供动物跨物种友谊的证据。] 14．What's the key factor of the animals' friendship in the zoo according to Gordon Burghardt? A．The existing tradition. B．The influence by mates. C．The animals' inner social drive. D．The animals' raisers' instruction. 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Gordon Burghardt的话“In this particular situation, the animal's motivation to engage socially and playfully may be higher in its need hierarchy than eating.(在这种特殊的情况下，动物参与社交和玩耍的动机可能比进食的需求层次更高。)”及本段关键句“One possible explanation for these friendships is the environment of the zoo. Animals don't hunt for their food and don't need to worry about marking their territory or looking for mates in the way an animal in the wild would.(对这些友谊的一个可能的解释是动物园的环境。动物不猎食，也不需要像野生动物那样为划定领地或寻找配偶而烦恼。)”可知，从Gordon Burghardt的观点来看，动物的内在社交驱动力是动物园中动物友谊的关键因素。] 15．What's the purpose of the passage? A．To appeal to people to treasure animals. B．To inform readers of a special friendship. C．To demonstrate the history of bringing up pets. D．To compare friendship between cross­species and same­species. 解析：B　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“There are many other instances of cross­species friendships.(还有很多其它的跨物种友谊的例子。)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了动物间的一种特殊的跨种族友谊。] Ⅱ.七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：电子书与传统书籍的特点 Studies have shown that students attain more information when reading a hard­copy book compared to reading on a digital device. __1__ And students navigated traditional books more easily, as teachers there put it. Although e­books offer various navigation tools, physical books' ease of use is irreplaceable. Turning pages is still the best way to read. Fans of digital books may point out that e­readers have a handy “search” tool. Old­fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero's surname. They even have a “bookmark system”， which uses a device called a “bookmark”. __2__ By simply turning the page, you can see new information. Electronic books offer footnote capabilities, but so do traditional books. Using a “pencil” — a favorite tool of schoolkids worldwide — you can mark important passages. This allows you to highlight significant quotes or add your own insights. The absence of a built­in pencil doesn't mean you can't footnote a printed book. __3__ You can use a highlighter, write in the margin (页边), or—if you're feeling really adventurous—use a ruler to create your own “book edge” notes. __4__ Rarely do we get the same “new book smell” from an e­reader as we do from a freshly printed book. The concrete experience of physically turning pages and feeling the weight of a book in your hands cannot be matched by an e­reader. Actually they make excellent companions during leisure break. In conclusion, printed books have triumphed over e­books because they offer an unparalleled reading experience. The ease of use, the emotional connection, and the ability to footnote all contribute to making printed books the preferred choice for many readers. __5__ A．You need to be more creative. B．You can use smart tools as you like. C．There's still no substitute for the traditional book. D．Traditional books also excel at stirring up feelings. E．In response, one school in Australia abandoned its e­readers entirely. F．Furthermore, the ability to dog­ear pages is a bonus of physical books. G．A “progress bar” indicates what percentage of the e­book has been read. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要比较了电子书和传统书籍的特点及传统书籍的优点。 1．E　[根据上文“Studies have shown that students attain more information when reading a hard­copy book compared to reading on a digital device.(研究表明，与在电子设备上阅读相比，学生在阅读纸质书时获得的信息更多。)”以及后文“And students navigated traditional books more easily, as teachers there put it. Although e­books offer various navigation tools, physical books' ease of use is irreplaceable. Turning pages is still the best way to read.(正如那里的老师所说，学生们更容易驾驭传统书籍。虽然电子书提供了多种导航工具，但实体书的易用性是不可替代的。翻页仍然是最好的阅读方式。)”可知，后文提到了那里的老师。由此可知，本句提到了某个地点对于电子阅读器采取的措施。故E选项“作为回应，澳大利亚的一所学校完全放弃了电子阅读器。”符合语境。] 2．F　[根据上文“Fans of digital books may point out that e­readers have a handy ‘search’ tool. Old­fashioned books also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero's surname. They even have a ‘bookmark system’， which uses a device called a ‘bookmark’．(电子书爱好者可能会指出，电子阅读器有一个方便的‘搜索’工具，老式的书籍也有搜索功能，你可以翻到开头一章来提醒自己主人公的姓氏。他们甚至有一个‘书签系统’，使用一种叫做‘书签’的设备。)”以及后文“By simply turning the page, you can see new information.(只要翻一页，你就能看到新的信息。)”可知，本句是对上文的补充说明，说明实体书的使用特性，故F选项“此外，折页的能力是实体书的额外好处”符合语境。] 3．A　[根据上文“The absence of a built­in pencil doesn't mean you can't footnote a printed book.(没有内置铅笔并不意味着你不能在印刷书籍上做脚注。)”以及后文“You can use a highlighter, write in the margin (页边), or－if you're feeling really adventurous－use a ruler to create your own ‘book edge’ notes.(你可以用荧光笔，在页边空白处写，或者——如果你真的想冒险——用尺子做你自己的‘书边’笔记。)”可知，后文提到了做自己的“书边”笔记，即发挥创造力，故A选项“你需要更有创造力。”符合语境。] 4．D　[根据本段内容“Rarely do we get the same ‘new book smell’ from an e­reader as we do from a freshly printed book. The concrete experience of physically turning pages and feeling the weight of a book in your hands cannot be matched by an e­reader. Actually they make excellent companions during leisure break.(我们很少能从电子阅读器上得到与新印刷的书相同的‘新书味’。实际翻页的具体体验，以及在手中感受书的重量，是电子阅读器无法比拟的。事实上，他们是休闲休息时的好伙伴。)”可知，本段的主旨是实体书带给了读者嗅觉和触感，即情感方面的影响。故D选项“传统书籍也擅长激发情感。”符合语境。] 5．C　[根据上文“In conclusion, printed books have triumphed over e­books because they offer an unparalleled reading experience. The ease of use, the emotional connection, and the ability to footnote all contribute to making printed books the preferred choice for many readers.(总之，纸质书战胜了电子书，因此它们提供了无与伦比的阅读体验。易用性、情感联系和脚注功能都使纸质书成为许多读者的首选。)”可知，本段为总结段落，概括实体书相较于电子书的优点，最后指出传统书籍不可替代。故C选项“仍然没有什么东西可以代替传统的书籍。”符合语境。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $