Unit 3 Getting along with others（复习讲义）英语译林版必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义围绕“人与自我”主题语境，整合人际交往相关词汇、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句语法及建议信写作，构建系统知识体系。通过表格呈现复习要点与重难点，分模块梳理核心词汇的用法、搭配及拓展，用框架图式讲解语法规则，清晰展现知识内在联系与主次分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与学法指导，如完形填空通过跨文化交际情境培养语言理解能力，语法填空强化关系代词实际应用，建议信写作训练委婉劝说句式提升表达准确性，助力思维品质发展。词汇部分的“名师提醒”和语法易错点总结，帮助学生掌握学习策略，支持不同层次学生自主复习，为教师实施精准教学提供有效资源。

译林版必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境人与自我（人际交往、友谊、矛盾化解、待人品格）； 2. 掌握友谊、人际冲突、相处之道类词汇，如ignore, apologize, frank, count on, at a loss, out of one’s sight等； 3语法掌握关系代词引导限制性定语从句（who/whom/which/that/whose用法）； 4.掌握应用文给闹矛盾朋友的建议信（修复友谊、化解误会）。 复习重难点 重点：关系代词在定语从句中作主语/宾语/定语的用法，区分人/物先行词。 难点：建议信中委婉劝说、换位思考类句式的地道运用。 单元词汇 知识点1：judge vt.& vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员 （1）judge...from/by... 从……来判断…… as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 （2）judging from/by... 根据……判断；从……上看 （3）judgment n. 看法；判断力 【名师提醒】judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。 知识点2：suffer vi.受苦；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 （1）suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage/a great loss 损失惨重 suffer from... 患……病；受……折磨 （2）suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferer n. 患病者；受难者 知识点3：apologize vi.道歉，谢罪 （1）apologize to sb. for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事向某人道歉 （2）apology n. 道歉 owe sb. an apology （for sth.） 应向某人（就某事）道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 知识点4：case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器 in case 假使；以防万一 in case of 假如发生；万一发生 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in no case 决不（位于句首引起部分倒装） in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话 as is often the case 这是常有的事 知识点5：contact vt.& n.联系，联络 （1）contact sb.at... 通过……联系某人 （2）get in/get into/make contact with... 与……取得联系 stay/keep in contact with... 与……保持联系 lose contact with...与……失去联系 be in/out of contact with... 与……有/没有联系 知识点6：respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n.尊敬，敬意；问候；重视；方面 （1）respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 （2）give/show respect for sb. 向某人表示尊重 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 in respect of/with respect to 关于 give one's respects to sb. 代为问候某人 （3）respectful adj. 表示敬意的 respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 【名师点津】respect作名词表示“问候、敬意”时，多用复数形式。 知识点7：measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n.措施；衡量 （1）measure...by... 用……来衡量…… （2）take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.'s measure 按照某人的尺寸做某物 in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 【联想发散】表示“采取措施做某事”的短语还有take steps to do sth.、take action to do sth.等。 知识点8：benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于 （1）for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 （2）benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于…… （3）beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial to...=be of benefit to... 对……有益（to为介词） 知识点9：comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰 （1）comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 （2）in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to/for 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 （3）comfortable adj. 舒服的 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒适地 知识点10：recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 （1）be recognized as/to be... 被认为是…… It is recognized that... 人们公认…… （2）recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 beyond recognition 认不出来 gain recognition as... 获得……（身份）的认可 （3）recognizable adj. 易认出的，易识别的 【联想发散】表示“被认为是……”的短语还有be regarded as、be considered as、be thought of as等。 知识点11：话题词汇拓展 1. awkward adj. 尴尬的，局促不安的 2. misunderstand v. 误解，误会 3. generous adj. 慷慨的，宽宏大量的 4. apologize vi. 道歉 5. ignore vt. 忽视，不理会 6. recover v. 恢复（关系、心情） 7. contact v.&n. 联系，联络 8. shallow adj. 肤浅的（友谊） 9. judge v. 评判，指责 10. behaviour n. 行为，举止 11. on the rocks （友情）濒临破裂 12. count on sb 依靠、信赖某人 13. hang out 闲逛，结伴相处 14. recover from a quarrel 从争吵中缓和过来 15. at a loss 不知所措 16. make it 准时赴约，和好如初 17. lose sight of sb 疏远某人 18. social media 社交媒体 19. be frank with sb 对某人坦诚相待 20. get over misunderstandings 消除误会 单元语法：关系代词引导限制性定语从句 一、概念 定语从句：修饰前面名词或代词（先行词）的从句，翻译为 “……的”。 限制性定语从句：从句不能删掉，删掉后主句意思不完整，无逗号隔开先行词与从句。 关系代词：连接先行词和定语从句，在从句中充当主语/宾语/定语，指代人或物。 关系代词清单：that/which/who/whom/whose 二、关系代词 1. who指代人，从句中作主语 先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who，不可省略。 例：The girl who helped me is my best friend. 先行词：the girl；who指代女孩，在从句作主语（helped的发出者） 2. whom指代人，从句中作宾语 先行词是人，从句缺宾语；书面正式用法，口语常用who/that替代，作宾语可省略。 例：The friend whom I trust never lies. = The friend (who/that) I trust never lies. whom指代friend，是trust的宾语。 3. which指代事物/动物，从句作主/宾 作主语：不可省略 The book which talks about friendship is great. 作宾语：可省略 The story (which) we read touched us deeply. 4. that既可指人、也可指物，从句作主/宾 适用场景：人+物都能用，口语高频 作主语，不省略： The student that failed the exam felt upset.（人） The advice that helps me is from my teacher.（物） 作宾语，可省略： The problems (that) we have are common. 【注意】that不能用的2种情况 ①介词提前放在关系词前，只用which/whom，不用that 错：This is the house in that I live. 对：This is the house in which I live. ②非限制性定语从句（有逗号分隔先行词），不能用that 5. whose表所属关系，译为“…… 的” 先行词人 / 物都可以，在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词。 指人：I know the boy whose father is a doctor.（男孩的爸爸） 指物：We visited the school whose library is huge.（学校的图书馆） 三、省略关系代词 只有关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，才能删掉（who/whom/which/that 通用） ✅ I miss the days (which/that) we spent together.（which作spent宾语，可省） ❖ The days which passed quickly made me sad.（which作主语，不能省） 四、只能用that，不能用which/who的情况 ①先行词同时包含人+物 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ②先行词被不定代词修饰：all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much All that you said is true. ③先行词被最高级、序数词修饰 This is the most moving story that I have ever read. This is the first step that we should take. ④先行词被the only, the very, every, no, all等限定词修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 五、介词+关系代词 介词提前时，指物只用which，指人只用whom，绝对不用that/who 基础句：This is the club which I joined in. 改写：This is the club in which I joined. 基础句：The girl whom I talked with is my deskmate. 改写：The girl with whom I talked is my deskmate. 六、易错点 ①有逗号隔开先行词（非限制性从句），不用that； ②介词前置不用that/who； ③whose后面必须接名词，不能单独使用； ④关系代词作主语，谓语动词单复数跟随先行词： （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示拼写单词 1．I was very sad ______（确实）to hear about the serious accident. 【答案】indeed 【详解】句意：听到这个严重的事故，我确实感到很难过。修饰very sad用副词，故填indeed。 2．This kind of fruit is of great __________ to your health. (有益) 【答案】benefit 【详解】句意：这种水果对你的健康大有好处。形容词great修饰名词，故答案为benefit。 3．I wonder why no one likes to ________ (聊天) with him. 【答案】chat 【详解】句意：我想知道为什么没有人想和他聊天。根据汉语提示“聊天”可知用chat。like to do sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，空处应用动词原形。 4．His carelessness made our company _______(遭受) great loss. 【答案】suffer 【详解】句意：他的粗心使我们公司遭受大的损失。make在此作使役动词，意为“使得”，固定结构为make sth. do sth.，表示“使某物做某事”，所填词用动词原形；suffer作及物动词时表示“遭受”，其后可接宾语great loss。 5．Bad management was a cause of the ______(失败). 【答案】failure 【详解】句意：管理不善是导致失败的原因。根据汉语提示可知用名词failure，作介词的宾语。 6．She was______ (认出) by me at once. 【答案】recognized/recognised 【详解】句意：她立刻被我认出了。根据汉语提示“认出”和空格前的was可知，空格处应该用recognize/recognise的过去分词形式recognized/recognised，构成一般过去时的被动语态。 7．After hearing the opinions of both sides, the _________ (法官) sentenced him to six months in prison. 【答案】judge 【详解】句意：听完双方的意见后，法官判处他六个月监禁。根据汉语提示“法官”可知用名词judge；空格前有定冠词the，此处特指本次案件的审理法官，用名词单数形式，作主语。 8．It is somewhat ________ (肤浅的) for the kids and parents to pursue only a high score and an entry to a university. 【答案】shallow 【详解】句意：对于孩子和家长来说，只追求高分和进入大学，这种做法有点肤浅。表示“肤浅的”使用形容词shallow，在句中作表语。 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1．The suggestions (ignore) by the manager turned out to be valuable. 【答案】ignored 【详解】句意：那些被经理忽视的建议最后证明是有价值的。句中已有谓语turned out to be，此空是非谓语。suggestions与ignore是动宾关系，此空是过去分词ignored，作后置定语。 2．The time of the meeting has not been (definite) confirmed yet. 【答案】definitely 【详解】句意：会议时间尚未得到明确确认。此处修饰动词confirmed，需要使用副词，形容词definite的副词形式为definitely“明确地，确定地”。 3．Thousands of young people (seek) their fortune ten years ago. 【答案】sought 【详解】句意：十年前成千上万的年轻人外出闯荡谋生。此处为谓语，句中时间状语ten years ago为一般过去时标志，seek的过去式是sought，所以谓语动词为sought。 4．Carl stayed with a (generosity) family who offered bread that was homemade. 【答案】generous 【详解】句意：卡尔住在一户慷慨大方的人家，他们拿出自家烤制的面包招待他。空处修饰名词family，需用形容词generous，作定语。 5．Some villagers reported a huge snake, (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave. 【答案】measuring 【详解】句意：一些村民报告说，在附近的一个山洞里发现了一条长两米多的死蛇。a huge snake, _____ (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave.这是宾语从句，句子的主语a huge snake，谓语动词是was found；空格处的动词应该用非谓语动词，snake与measure之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。 6．The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the (origin) building remains now. 【答案】original 【详解】句意：这座宫殿在上个世纪失火三次，如今原本的建筑所剩无几。修饰building，提示词的形容词形式original“原始的、原先的”符合题意。 7．Good (behave) in public shows one’s personal quality and self-cultivation. 【答案】behaviour 【详解】句意：公众场合的良好举止能够体现一个人的个人素养与修养。形容词good修饰名词，behaviour表示“举止、行为”，为抽象不可数名词，在句中作主语。 8．His (die) made us very sad. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：他的去世使我们非常难过。空处作主语，且位于形容词性物主代词His后，应用名词形式。die是动词，其名词形式是death，表示“死亡；去世”。 三、完形填空 Last fall, I studied abroad at the Technical University. My main criterion (标准) for 1 a school was that I wanted to live in a country where I could 2 English alone. I made friends through a board-game club — three Danish students, one German, and two Icelandic students. Most of the time, I focused more on the game than on social 3 . But one evening, while waiting for my turn, I suddenly 4 that most of the group was speaking English. They were clearly trying to make sure 5 would not become a barrier between us. Later, I joined another student club with a similarly 6 group. Once, when I entered the room, several Danish students were chatting in Danish. But the minute I sat down, they 7 switched to English. I told my friend Augusta that I felt 8 . It must be exhausting to use English all day just because one 9 student was present. “Don’t worry. It’s really not a bother,” she 10 me. Their consideration made me feel welcome, but I also realize something I had long 11 : in those rooms, by unfailingly shifting to English, they had built a bridge for me — yet I had 12 once ventured to the other side. I had been so 13 to the gift — and to the debt. The next day, I asked Augusta to teach me a few Danish phrases. I may never be 14 , but real connection lies not in ease —but in shared 15 , which I had long received without giving back. 1．A．reflecting B．refusing C．choosing D．preventing 2．A．make up for B．get by on C．live up to D．stick with 3．A．performance B．impression C．reaction D．communication 4．A．promised B．realized C．argued D．adapted 5．A．language B．power C．origin D．custom 6．A．united B．divided C．fixed D．mixed 7．A．personally B．gradually C．immediately D．frequently 8．A．guilty B．lucky C．angry D．crazy 9．A．helpful B．dangerous C．native D．foreign 10．A．encouraged B．comforted C．warned D．blamed 11．A．ignored B．reminded C．discovered D．found 12．A．even B．always C．only D．never 13．A．familiar B．blind C．devoted D．sensitive 14．A．strong-willed B．well-known C．native-like D．open-minded 15．A．habits B．dreams C．efforts D．goals 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C 【导语】文章介绍了作者去年秋季在丹麦技术大学留学，因当地人全程迁就自己说英语而心生愧疚，反思自己只接受他人包容却从未主动学习当地语言，最终决定学习丹麦语，领悟人际交往贵在双向付出。 【详解】 1．考查动词。句意：我择校的主要标准是，想住在一个仅靠英语就能正常生活的国家。A. reflecting反思；B. refusing拒绝；C. choosing选择；D. preventing阻止。根据前文“I studied abroad at Denmark Technical University”可知，作者介绍自己选择留学国家、学校的标准。 2．考查动词短语。句意同上。A. make up for弥补；B. get by on靠…… 勉强度日、应付；C. live up to不辜负；D. stick with坚持。根据后文“English alone”可知，作者想去仅靠英语交流就能正常生活的国家。 3．考查名词。句意：大多数时候，我更专注游戏本身，而非社交沟通。A. performance表现；B. impression印象；C. reaction反应；D. communication交流。根据前文“I made friends through a board-game club — three Danish students, one German, and two Icelandic students”可知，桌游俱乐部场景对应人与人之间的社交沟通。 4．考查动词。句意：但一天晚上，等轮到我时，我突然意识到这群人大多都在说英语。A. promised承诺；B. realized意识到；C. argued争辩；D. adapted适应。根据后文“most of the group was speaking English”可知，作者突然意识到大家刻意讲英语。 5．考查名词。句意：他们显然是尽力确保语言不会成为我们之间的隔阂。A. language语言；B. power力量；C. origin出身；D. custom习俗。根据前文“three Danish students, one German, and two Icelandic students”及“most of the group was speaking English”可知，这群丹麦、德国、冰岛学生为了作者而改说英语，是为了确保语言不会成为彼此间的障碍。 6．考查形容词。句意：后来我加入另一个学生社团，成员国籍同样多元混杂。A. united团结的；B. divided分裂的；C. fixed固定的；D. mixed混杂的。根据前文“I made friends through a board-game club — three Danish students, one German, and two Icelandic students”及“similarly”可知，桌游俱乐部有丹麦、德国、冰岛多国学生，此处similarly说明社团也是多国成员混杂。 7．考查副词。句意：可我刚坐下，他们立刻切换成英语交谈。A. personally亲自；B. gradually逐渐；C. immediately立刻；D. frequently频繁。根据前文“the minute I sat down”和后文“switched to English”可知，作者一到场大家马上换英语，体现当地人贴心周到。 8．考查形容词。句意：我和朋友Augusta说，我内心十分愧疚。A. guilty愧疚的；B. lucky幸运的；C. angry生气的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据后文“It must be exhausting to use English all day just because one student was present”可知，作者觉得拖累大家，内心愧疚。 9．考查形容词。句意：仅仅因为一名外国留学生在场，他们一整天都要说英语，肯定很累。A. helpful乐于助人的；B. dangerous危险的；C. native本土的；D. foreign外国的。根据前文“Last fall, I studied abroad at the Technical University”可知，作者是来丹麦留学的外国人。 10．考查动词。句意：“别担心，一点也不麻烦。” 她安慰我。A. encouraged鼓励；B. comforted安慰；C. warned警告；D. blamed指责。根据前文“I felt ”及“Don’t worry. It’s really not a bother”可知，作者心怀愧疚，朋友安抚开导作者。 11．考查动词。句意：他们的体贴让我倍感温暖，但我也意识到一件长久以来忽略的事。A. ignored忽视；B. reminded提醒；C. discovered发现；D. found找到。根据后文“yet I had once ventured to the other side”可知，作者一直只接受别人迁就，却从未主动付出，说明这件事被自己长期忽略。 12．考查副词。句意：在那些聚会里，他们始终切换英语为我搭建沟通桥梁，可我却从未主动靠近、走到他们的语言世界。A. even甚至；B. always总是；C. only仅仅；D. never从未。根据前文“by unfailingly shifting to English, they had built a bridge for me”及yet表转折可知，对比他人的付出，作者自己从来没有尝试学习丹麦语。 13．考查形容词。句意：我一直对这份善意馈赠，以及这份亏欠视而不见。A. familiar熟悉的；B. blind盲目的、视而不见；C. devoted投入的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据前文“by unfailingly shifting to English, they had built a bridge for me — yet I had once ventured to the other side”可知，作者一直只接受别人迁就，却从未主动付出，对别人表现出的善意视而不见，固定搭配be blind to表示“对……视而不见”。 14．考查形容词。句意：我或许永远无法说得像本地人一样地道，但真正的联结不在于交流顺畅轻松，而在于双向的付出，这份善意我一味接受，却从未回馈。A. strong-willed意志坚定的；B. well-known知名的；C. native-like像母语者一样地道；D. open-minded豁达的。根据前文“I asked Augusta to teach me a few Danish phrases”可知，作者刚学几句丹麦语，自知达不到本地人流利水平。 15．考查名词。句意同上。A. habits习惯；B. dreams梦想；C. efforts努力、付出；D. goals目标。根据前文“I asked Augusta to teach me a few Danish phrases”及“by unfailingly shifting to English, they had built a bridge for me”可知，丹麦同学付出努力为了迁就作者，选择说英语，作者也要付出努力学丹麦语，双向的付出才是情感联结。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 【答案】 1．are given 2．an 3．based 4．believing 5．necessarily 6．to determine 7．who/that 8．yours 9．remains 10．differences 【导语】文章主要围绕老话“朋友如酒，越久越醇”展开论述，表达作者并不认同老友一定优于新朋友的观点，并阐明评判友情的核心依据。 【详解】 1．考查动词语态。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为谓语动词，陈述普遍情况用一般现在时，主语two pieces of advice与give之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为are given。 2．考查冠词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。friend为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，结合句意，此处表示一位老朋友，为泛指，且old是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，若为解决同一个问题给出两条建议，一条来自新朋友，另一条来自老朋友，人们往往会凭借长久以来的信任偏向后者，而非前者，即便新朋友的建议或许更为妥当。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合固定搭配be based on意为“依据”可知，去掉be动词，所以此处使用过去分词based。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，believe与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词believing。 5．考查副词。句意：然而我并不认同这句老话，认为新朋友未必比不上老朋友。此处用来修饰形容词比较级worse，需用副词作状语，necessary的副词形式为necessarily意为“必然地”。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：凭借相处时间长短来判定友情深浅并不总是正确的。此处固定句型it is right to do sth.意为“做某事是正确的”，其中it为形式主语，用动词不定式to determine作真正主语。 7．考查定语从句。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处引导定语从句，先行词为person指人，从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who或that。 8．考查代词。句意：一旦你认定某人为朋友，那此人必定是可靠的，且与你志趣相投。此处指代你的兴趣爱好，后面无名词，需要用名词性物主代词yours。 9．考查动词时态。句意：人的外貌或许会改变，但品性通常始终如一。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语character为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为remains。 10．考查名词复数。句意：因此在这一点上，老朋友和新朋友之间并无差别。限定词no后接可数名词复数形式，difference“差别”的复数形式为differences。 五、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 来信求助：小组合作项目截止日期将近，他的好友进度滞后，直言指责易伤友情，放任则拖累全队，他不知怎样委婉提醒对方。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： (1)表示理解； (2)提出建议。 注意： (1)写作字数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Tom, I fully understand your dilemma. With the deadline approaching, keeping silent does no one any good. We should always place honesty first in friendship. Here are my suggestions. First, talk to him in private. Begin the conversation by appreciating his willingness to contribute, but calmly express your concerns about the slow progress and try to find out what is holding him back. Second, offer to share part of the workload and help him catch up. A true friend will recognize your good intentions and appreciate your support. Many hands make light work — but only when everyone is pulling their weight. Good luck with your project! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Tom写一封回信，理解其小组合作项目中友情与团队进度冲突的困境，并给出委婉提醒队友、化解矛盾的合理建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 完全地：fully → thoroughly 诚实：honesty → integrity 表达：express → convey 建议：suggestion → proposal 1.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I fully understand your dilemma. 拓展句：I fully understand your dilemma which troubles you a lot recently. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Begin the conversation by appreciating his willingness to contribute, but calmly express your concerns about the slow progress and try to find out what is holding him back.（运用了what引导宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Many hands make light work — but only when everyone is pulling their weight. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境人与自我（人际交往、友谊、矛盾化解、待人品格）； 2. 掌握友谊、人际冲突、相处之道类词汇，如ignore, apologize, frank, count on, at a loss, out of one’s sight等； 3语法掌握关系代词引导限制性定语从句（who/whom/which/that/whose用法）； 4.掌握应用文给闹矛盾朋友的建议信（修复友谊、化解误会）。 复习重难点 重点：关系代词在定语从句中作主语/宾语/定语的用法，区分人/物先行词。 难点：建议信中委婉劝说、换位思考类句式的地道运用。 单元词汇 知识点1：judge vt.& vi.评价，（尤指）批评；判断，认为 n.法官；裁判员 （1）judge...from/by... 从……来判断…… as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为 （2）judging from/by... 根据……判断；从……上看 （3）judgment n. 看法；判断力 【名师提醒】judging from/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。 知识点2：suffer vi.受苦；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 （1）suffer a lot of pain 遭受巨大的痛苦 suffer severe damage/a great loss 损失惨重 suffer from... 患……病；受……折磨 （2）suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 sufferer n. 患病者；受难者 知识点3：apologize vi.道歉，谢罪 （1）apologize to sb. for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事向某人道歉 （2）apology n. 道歉 owe sb. an apology （for sth.） 应向某人（就某事）道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 知识点4：case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器 in case 假使；以防万一 in case of 假如发生；万一发生 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in no case 决不（位于句首引起部分倒装） in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话 as is often the case 这是常有的事 知识点5：contact vt.& n.联系，联络 （1）contact sb.at... 通过……联系某人 （2）get in/get into/make contact with... 与……取得联系 stay/keep in contact with... 与……保持联系 lose contact with...与……失去联系 be in/out of contact with... 与……有/没有联系 知识点6：respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n.尊敬，敬意；问候；重视；方面 （1）respect sb.for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 （2）give/show respect for sb. 向某人表示尊重 out of respect for... 出于对……的尊敬 in respect of/with respect to 关于 give one's respects to sb. 代为问候某人 （3）respectful adj. 表示敬意的 respectable adj. 体面的；值得尊敬的 【名师点津】respect作名词表示“问候、敬意”时，多用复数形式。 知识点7：measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n.措施；衡量 （1）measure...by... 用……来衡量…… （2）take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.'s measure 按照某人的尺寸做某物 in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 【联想发散】表示“采取措施做某事”的短语还有take steps to do sth.、take action to do sth.等。 知识点8：benefit n.优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于 （1）for the benefit of... 为了……的利益 （2）benefit from/by... 从……中受益；得益于…… （3）beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial to...=be of benefit to... 对……有益（to为介词） 知识点9：comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n.舒服；安慰 （1）comfort sb. for... 因……安慰某人 comfort sb. with... 以……安慰某人 （2）in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to/for 对……是一种安慰 to one's comfort 使某人宽慰的是 （3）comfortable adj. 舒服的 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒适地 知识点10：recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出 （1）be recognized as/to be... 被认为是…… It is recognized that... 人们公认…… （2）recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 beyond recognition 认不出来 gain recognition as... 获得……（身份）的认可 （3）recognizable adj. 易认出的，易识别的 【联想发散】表示“被认为是……”的短语还有be regarded as、be considered as、be thought of as等。 知识点11：话题词汇拓展 1. awkward adj. 尴尬的，局促不安的 2. misunderstand v. 误解，误会 3. generous adj. 慷慨的，宽宏大量的 4. apologize vi. 道歉 5. ignore vt. 忽视，不理会 6. recover v. 恢复（关系、心情） 7. contact v.&n. 联系，联络 8. shallow adj. 肤浅的（友谊） 9. judge v. 评判，指责 10. behaviour n. 行为，举止 11. on the rocks （友情）濒临破裂 12. count on sb 依靠、信赖某人 13. hang out 闲逛，结伴相处 14. recover from a quarrel 从争吵中缓和过来 15. at a loss 不知所措 16. make it 准时赴约，和好如初 17. lose sight of sb 疏远某人 18. social media 社交媒体 19. be frank with sb 对某人坦诚相待 20. get over misunderstandings 消除误会 单元语法：关系代词引导限制性定语从句 一、概念 定语从句：修饰前面名词或代词（先行词）的从句，翻译为 “……的”。 限制性定语从句：从句不能删掉，删掉后主句意思不完整，无逗号隔开先行词与从句。 关系代词：连接先行词和定语从句，在从句中充当主语/宾语/定语，指代人或物。 关系代词清单：that/which/who/whom/whose 二、关系代词 1. who指代人，从句中作主语 先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who，不可省略。 例：The girl who helped me is my best friend. 先行词：the girl；who指代女孩，在从句作主语（helped的发出者） 2. whom指代人，从句中作宾语 先行词是人，从句缺宾语；书面正式用法，口语常用who/that替代，作宾语可省略。 例：The friend whom I trust never lies. = The friend (who/that) I trust never lies. whom指代friend，是trust的宾语。 3. which指代事物/动物，从句作主/宾 作主语：不可省略 The book which talks about friendship is great. 作宾语：可省略 The story (which) we read touched us deeply. 4. that既可指人、也可指物，从句作主/宾 适用场景：人+物都能用，口语高频 作主语，不省略： The student that failed the exam felt upset.（人） The advice that helps me is from my teacher.（物） 作宾语，可省略： The problems (that) we have are common. 【注意】that不能用的2种情况 ①介词提前放在关系词前，只用which/whom，不用that 错：This is the house in that I live. 对：This is the house in which I live. ②非限制性定语从句（有逗号分隔先行词），不能用that 5. whose表所属关系，译为“…… 的” 先行词人 / 物都可以，在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词。 指人：I know the boy whose father is a doctor.（男孩的爸爸） 指物：We visited the school whose library is huge.（学校的图书馆） 三、省略关系代词 只有关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，才能删掉（who/whom/which/that 通用） ✅ I miss the days (which/that) we spent together.（which作spent宾语，可省） ❖ The days which passed quickly made me sad.（which作主语，不能省） 四、只能用that，不能用which/who的情况 ①先行词同时包含人+物 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ②先行词被不定代词修饰：all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much All that you said is true. ③先行词被最高级、序数词修饰 This is the most moving story that I have ever read. This is the first step that we should take. ④先行词被the only, the very, every, no, all等限定词修饰 He is the only person that understands me. 五、介词+关系代词 介词提前时，指物只用which，指人只用whom，绝对不用that/who 基础句：This is the club which I joined in. 改写：This is the club in which I joined. 基础句：The girl whom I talked with is my deskmate. 改写：The girl with whom I talked is my deskmate. 六、易错点 ①有逗号隔开先行词（非限制性从句），不用that； ②介词前置不用that/who； ③whose后面必须接名词，不能单独使用； ④关系代词作主语，谓语动词单复数跟随先行词： （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示拼写单词 1．I was very sad ______（确实）to hear about the serious accident. 2．This kind of fruit is of great __________ to your health. (有益) 3．I wonder why no one likes to ________ (聊天) with him. 4．His carelessness made our company _______(遭受) great loss. 5．Bad management was a cause of the ______(失败). 6．She was______ (认出) by me at once. 7．After hearing the opinions of both sides, the _________ (法官) sentenced him to six months in prison. 8．It is somewhat ________ (肤浅的) for the kids and parents to pursue only a high score and an entry to a university. 二、所给词的适当形式填空 1．The suggestions (ignore) by the manager turned out to be valuable. 2．The time of the meeting has not been (definite) confirmed yet. 3．Thousands of young people (seek) their fortune ten years ago. 4．Carl stayed with a (generosity) family who offered bread that was homemade. 5．Some villagers reported a huge snake, (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave. 6．The palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the (origin) building remains now. 7．Good (behave) in public shows one’s personal quality and self-cultivation. 8．His (die) made us very sad. 三、完形填空 Last fall, I studied abroad at the Technical University. My main criterion (标准) for 1 a school was that I wanted to live in a country where I could 2 English alone. I made friends through a board-game club — three Danish students, one German, and two Icelandic students. Most of the time, I focused more on the game than on social 3 . But one evening, while waiting for my turn, I suddenly 4 that most of the group was speaking English. They were clearly trying to make sure 5 would not become a barrier between us. Later, I joined another student club with a similarly 6 group. Once, when I entered the room, several Danish students were chatting in Danish. But the minute I sat down, they 7 switched to English. I told my friend Augusta that I felt 8 . It must be exhausting to use English all day just because one 9 student was present. “Don’t worry. It’s really not a bother,” she 10 me. Their consideration made me feel welcome, but I also realize something I had long 11 : in those rooms, by unfailingly shifting to English, they had built a bridge for me — yet I had 12 once ventured to the other side. I had been so 13 to the gift — and to the debt. The next day, I asked Augusta to teach me a few Danish phrases. I may never be 14 , but real connection lies not in ease —but in shared 15 , which I had long received without giving back. 1．A．reflecting B．refusing C．choosing D．preventing 2．A．make up for B．get by on C．live up to D．stick with 3．A．performance B．impression C．reaction D．communication 4．A．promised B．realized C．argued D．adapted 5．A．language B．power C．origin D．custom 6．A．united B．divided C．fixed D．mixed 7．A．personally B．gradually C．immediately D．frequently 8．A．guilty B．lucky C．angry D．crazy 9．A．helpful B．dangerous C．native D．foreign 10．A．encouraged B．comforted C．warned D．blamed 11．A．ignored B．reminded C．discovered D．found 12．A．even B．always C．only D．never 13．A．familiar B．blind C．devoted D．sensitive 14．A．strong-willed B．well-known C．native-like D．open-minded 15．A．habits B．dreams C．efforts D．goals 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the old saying goes, “Friends are like liquor (酒): the older, the better.” Many people consider old friends to be more important than new ones. For example, if two pieces of advice 1 (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 2 old friend, people will prefer the latter one 3 (base) on the long-term trust rather than the former one, even though the new friend’s advice may be better. I, however, disagree with the old saying, 4 (believe) that new friends are not 5 (necessary) worse than old friends. It is not always right 6 (determine) your friendship by the length of time. Once you call someone a friend, he or she must be a person 7 is reliable and whose interests are in common with 8 (you). It is mainly his or her character and interests that make him or her your friend. It actually has little to do with time. People’s appearance may change, but their character usually 9 (remain) the same. Therefore, on this point, there are no 10 (difference) between old friends and new friends. 五、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 来信求助：小组合作项目截止日期将近，他的好友进度滞后，直言指责易伤友情，放任则拖累全队，他不知怎样委婉提醒对方。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： (1)表示理解； (2)提出建议。 注意： (1)写作字数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tom, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $