专题03阅读理解之说明文&夹叙夹议文（综合培优训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文与夹叙夹议文阅读理解，通过科技、社会、自然等多样化主题与典型题型，系统训练细节理解、推理判断等核心能力，强化文体特征与解题策略的对应逻辑。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文|5篇（20题）|细节理解（如温度数据）、推理判断（如真菌实验结论）、词义猜测（如“compact”）|以事实为依托，遵循“现象-原理-应用”逻辑链，训练信息定位与科学逻辑分析能力| |夹叙夹议文|5篇（20题）|主旨大意（如成功定义）、情感态度（如对AI的态度）、推理判断（如作者感悟）|以叙事为载体，通过“经历-反思-升华”脉络，培养深层理解与价值判断能力|

专题03阅读理解之说明文&夹叙夹议文 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）（每题2.5分，共100分） Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）No One Has to Settle for Bad Pizza Anymore If you have ever tried to make pizza at home, you know the disappointing result: a crust that is either burnt or undercooked, and cheese that turns into a pool of grease. The truth is, traditional home ovens cannot reach the high temperatures needed for restaurant-quality pizza. An authentic Neapolitan pizza requires about 950 degrees Fahrenheit, but a typical kitchen oven only reaches 550 degrees. This problem has now been solved by portable pizza ovens. These small outdoor devices can reach extremely high heat in just 15 minutes. The most popular brand, Ooni, launched its first product on Kickstarter in 2012. Similar products are now available from companies including Cuisinart, Ninja, and Gozney. These ovens are not complicated, but they are clever: they are inexpensive, compact, and can be taken camping or to beach vacations. The trend took off during the pandemic. When people were stuck at home in 2020, many turned to cooking projects. Ooni’s sales increased by 300 percent that year, and demand has remained strong since. “At housewares shows these days, you see pizza ovens all over,” said Joe Derochowski, an analyst at the market-research firm Circana. The appeal goes beyond convenience. Like grilling, using a pizza oven satisfies the human desire to cook with fire. “It’s the next generation of grilling,” said Scott Wiener, a pizza expert in New York City. So if you want perfect pizza at home, maybe it’s time to get your own pizza oven. 1．What can be inferred about traditional home ovens from paragraph 1? A．They are capable of making restaurant-quality pizza with proper skills. B．They are cheaper than portable pizza ovens in the long run. C．Their maximum temperature is insufficient for authentic Neapolitan pizza. D．Their heating speed is faster than portable pizza ovens. 2．According to the passage, what happened to Ooni’s sales in 2020? A．They doubled. B．They tripled. C．They remained unchanged. D．They dropped sharply. 3．What does the word “compact” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Extremely expensive B．Available online C．Complicated to use D．Small and portable 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce portable pizza ovens as a solution to home cooking problems B．To explain why pizza is popular in America C．To compare different brands of pizza ovens D．To teach readers how to make pizza at home Passage 2 （2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）A new study was conducted by AI expert André Barcaui of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, who ran an experiment with a group of university students. Half were allowed to use ChatGPT to help them respond to an assignment on artificial intelligence, and half weren’t. In a surprise test 45 days after the assignment, the students who used ChatGPT scored an average of 5.75 out of 10, while those who took the traditional study route averaged 6.85. That’s a notable difference, which chimes with other research showing that using AI to find information means we don’t take as much in. “This suggests that unrestricted ChatGPT use affected long-term memory storage, likely by reducing the cognitive effort that supports durable memory,” Barcaui writes. In the study, the students were given two weeks to learn about AI, then had to give a 10-minute demonstration. The ChatGPT group could use the tool to search, integrate, and structure information; the other group stuck to traditional methods. Learning was faster with AI: the ChatGPT group spent an average of 3.2 hours on the assignment, compared with 5.8 hours for the non-AI group. This reminds us that using apps like ChatGPT could be robbing our brains of the exercise they need — and that has consequences. The idea of cognitive offloading isn’t new. In 2011, a team led by psychologist Betsy Sparrow first described “digital amnesia (失忆症)” — the effect of search engines like Google on our ability to remember information. With AI assistants now able to take on much of the mental workload, studies suggest they could be changing how we think, perceive, focus and remember — not necessarily for the better. “Future teaching strategies should aim to take advantage of the benefits of AI without sacrificing the cognitive engagement and productive struggle required for durable learning,” Barcaui writes. “In the age of AI, the core principles of human learning are not outdated; in fact, they are more important than ever to uphold.” 5．What does the underlined phrase “chimes with” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Conflicts with. B．Corresponds to. C．Contributes to. D．Comes from. 6．What explains the faster learning of ChatGPT group? A．Limited memory storage. B．Enriched learning experience. C．Increased learning motivation. D．Reduced cognitive involvement. 7．Why does the author mention “digital amnesia”? A．To emphasize AI’s great risk. B．To clarify cognitive offloading. C．To add evidence to the findings. D．To criticize over-reliance on tools. 8．What is Barcaui’s attitude toward the use of AI? A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. Passage 3 （2026·安徽阜阳·二模）A small team of animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has found via experimentation that common house cats are capable of associating human words with images without prompting or reward. In their study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, the group tested volunteer cats looking at images on a computer screen to see if they form associations between the images and spoken words. Prior research has shown that cats know when a human is speaking their name — they respond in ways that are different from when hearing other words. Other experiments have shown that they are able to match photos of people they know to their names. In this new effort, the researchers found that cats may be able to understand many of the words spoken to them. To find out if cats have the ability to match a word to an object, the research team enlisted the assistance of 31 volunteer adult house cats. Each was given a word test originally designed to learn more about word association in growing human infants. It involves being shown short animations. While the image is displayed, a nonsensical (无意义的) word is broadcast. Each cat saw two such animations — one was accompanied by the word “keraru”, the other “parumo”. The videos were played on a loop until the cats looked away. After giving each cat a break, each was once again placed in front of the computer screen and the same two animations were shown on a loop. But this time, the spoken words were reversed. As the cats watched the videos, the researchers watched the cats. They found that they stared longer when hearing the word than during the original broadcast — some even showed pupil dilation (瞳孔扩大). Both were signs that the cats were confused by the switch-up and were looking intently to find an explanation, evidence that they had associated the words with the images on the computer screen, even in the absence of a reward. This finding, the team suggests, indicates that it is likely that cats commonly associate words they hear from humans with objects in their environment. 9．What is the function of paragraph 2? A．To introduce a new experiment. B．To draw a conclusion from similar experiments. C．To detail the complex procedure of the experiment. D．To supplement the background of the recent research. 10．Why was a meaningless word broadcast in the experiment? A．To test the cats’ auditory sense. B．To train the cats with a new language. C．To ensure the cats establish new connections. D．To guarantee the cats understand the animations. 11．What behavior indicated that the cats had formed associations in the study? A．They watched animations longer with enlarged pupils. B．They conveyed the confusion to each other. C．They showed impatience at the second time. D．They showed preference to one of the animations. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．House cats can watch animations like humans B．House cats associate human words with images C．House cats understand different human languages D．House cats have the ability to distinguish different images Passage 4 （2026·湖北十堰·三模）In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 13．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 14．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 15．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 16．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution Passage 5 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha. 17．Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B．To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C．To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D．To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 18．What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A．The climate change caused by earthquakes. B．The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C．The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D．The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 19．Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A．Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B．Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C．Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D．Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 20．What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A．Reveal. B．Distinguish. C．Expand. D．Assess. Passage 6 （2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）Elizabeth S. Scordato earned an undergraduate degree in biology from North Carolina’s Duke University in 2004. After graduation she continued to work with one of her professors in the biology department, Christine M. Drea. Their project investigated the smell-marking behavior of the ring-tailed lemur (狐猴). Her first academic paper, coauthored with Drea, was published in 2007 in the journal Animal Behavior. In 2012, Scordato began working on a postdoctoral project at the University of Colorado at Boulder with Rebecca Safran. She traveled across Asia catching barn swallows, a common species of bird that is at the early stages of speciation. Barn swallows show wide variation across their geographical ranges. By analyzing the genetics of thousands of barn swallows, Scordato and her team showed that differences in feather color and migratory behavior keep different population s from breeding (繁殖) with one another. This is another key step toward the formation of new species. In 2018, Scordato joined the staff of California State Polytechnic University in Pomona, California. Her first major project involves the Pacific swallow. Like the barn swallow, the Pacific swallow has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in its environment. In particular, Pacific swallows build their nests on man-made structures, which has enabled them to survive around human settlements. Scordato is now studying how the spread of human settlements and structures throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania has shaped the genetic evolution (进化) of Pacific swallows. Traveling around the world to study birds is an adventure, but it is also hard work. “Once, when I was leaving for a challenging field season in India, my mother asked me ‘Why can’t you ever do anything the easy way?’” Scordato wrote. “I told her the meaning for doing something the hard way is well worth the struggle: you get the excitement of learning something new about the natural world that no one has ever understood before, and you also know that you really earned that discovery.” 21．What did Scordato do after graduation? A．She taught biology in a university. B．She worked on a research project. C．She travelled all over the world. D．She volunteered to help animals. 22．What did Scordato study about the barn swallows? A．The breeding of the species. B．Their ways of building their nests. C．The decrease in number of the species. D．Their adaptation to environmental changes. 23．What can be inferred from Scordato’s study of the Pacific swallow? A．Human activities have great impacts on animals. B．It’s vital for humans to protect the environment. C．Animals’ survival mostly depends on our efforts. D．Some species can change with the environment. 24．What does Scordato think of her job? A．Demanding. B．Tiresome. C．Rewarding. D．Annoying. Passage 7 （2026·湖北·三模）My day was ruined before I even got out of bed. I wiped sleep from my eyes and reached over to the night table where my fingers reached toward my smartphone. First things first: scan e-mails. I had been looking forward to the book review from a well-known media outlet, picturing the joy of receiving a “gold star” recognition for my new work. However, the review shattered all my expectations. Words like “too careless” and “overly descriptive” jumped off the screen, hurting my heart. I felt a wave of desperation wash over me, as if all my efforts had been in vain. I curled up in bed, questioning my ability as a writer. Had my passion and dedication been nothing but a joke to the critics? For hours, I sank into self-doubt. But as I re-read Dale Carnegie’s words, a tiny spark of hope emerged in my heart. Instead of letting the one-star review defeat me, I decided to take action. I gathered the contact information of hundreds of book bloggers and sent them my book, along with a sincere note sharing my writing journey. It was a tough process. Many ignored my messages, and some even declined politely. But I refused to give up. Day after day, I kept reaching out, and gradually, responses started coming in. Several bloggers praised my book for its heartfelt storytelling, and some even recommended it to their followers. Eventually, my book gained unexpected popularity. Looking back, I realized that the “gold star” I had chased so eagerly was not the true measure of success. The real victory was finding the courage to rise after falling, and the confidence to keep going despite criticism. That painful experience taught me a precious lesson: success is not about never failing, but about turning failures into stepping stones toward growth. 25．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 1? A．She checked her phone quite often. B．She wrote book reviews for a living. C．She expected good comments on her book. D．She worried about missing important emails. 26．What does the underlined word “shattered” mean in paragraph 2? A．Released. B．Abandoned. C．Satisfied. D．Destroyed. 27．How did the author bounce back? A．She shifted readers’ previous taste. B．She acted positively to prove herself. C．She sought approval on social media. D．She persuaded the media to reconsider. 28．What does the author want to convey about success? A．It ignores external judgement. B．It comes from constant efforts. C．It lies in turning failure into growth. D．It requires overcoming bad reviews. Passage 8 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）Last year, I signed up for a pottery class, determined to master the art of throwing clay and develop a relaxing creative hobby in my free time. My initial excitement was off the charts; I pictured myself crafting perfect delicate vases, posting beautiful works online, and even selling my handmade pieces at local weekend markets. For the first month, I showed up religiously to every lesson, covered in clay from head to toe and full of bright hope each day. But reality hit hard and disappointed me greatly. My pots collapsed repeatedly while being shaped. They cracked easily in the hot kiln (窑), or their sides turned out uneven no matter how carefully I tried to fix them. By the third month, all my joy had faded completely, and each class felt like a boring and tiring chore.  I found myself making silly excuses to skip lessons, fully convinced that I was simply “not talented enough” for this handmade craft. One evening, as I stared at an ugly misshapen bowl I’d just made, my instructor gently leaned over. “Why do you keep going if it doesn’t bring you joy?” he asked. His thoughtful question made me pause and reflect deeply on my choice all at once. I’d always firmly believed that quitting meant total failure — that persistence alone was the only true virtue. But at that moment, I realized persistence without a clear purpose is just meaningless exhaustion. The next week, I bravely quit the class. Surprisingly, I didn’t feel defeated at all; I felt light and free.  I redirected all that spare time to my old love of sketching, and soon my notebooks were filled with warm, vibrant drawings. That’s when I learned an important lesson: quitting isn’t giving up. It’s choosing to invest your energy in what truly lights you up inside. 29．What does the underlined phrase “off the charts” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Extremely high. B．Constantly low. C．Quite unexpected. D．Hard to understand. 30．How did the author feel about the pottery class in the third month? A．She treated it cautiously. B．She was indifferent to it. C．She felt pessimistic about it. D．She dismissed it from her mind. 31．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The instructor’s professional advice on pottery. B．The author’s confusion about her lack of talent. C．The turning point in the author’s attitude to quitting. D．The reason why the author failed in making pottery. 32．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Stick to your goal B．Know when to stop C．Treasure your hobby D．Follow your passion Passage 9 （2026·广东·模拟预测）For decades, society has implicitly ranked outgoing as a virtue, equating talkativeness with confidence, leadership, and even competence while branding introversion as a flaw to be fixed. We tell shy children to speak up, and urge quiet ones to be more assertive. This one-size-fits-all mindset doesn’t just marginalize (夸大) introverts; it robs the world of the unique perspectives only they can offer. Elena, a software engineer I worked with a few years ago. In team meetings, she rarely spoke unless directly asked, preferring to jot down ideas in a notebook rather than compete for airtime. But when the team hit a wall with a critical code issue that even had stumped even the most vocal members. However, she’d spent days quietly analyzing the problem, mapping out flaws no one else had noticed, and presented a solution with such clarity that the client praised it as game-changing. Her introversion wasn’t a barrier to impact but the foundation of it. She listened more than she spoke, focused deeply rather than broadly, and turned that quiet attention into work that moved the needle. Critics of introversion often mistake restraint for weakness, the distinction matters more than ever in a world that confuses volume with courage. Mr. Tanaka, a high school history teacher. He was the kind of educator who rarely raised his voice, yet his students remembered him as one of the most influential figures in their lives. When the school proposed cutting funding for the program which would have devastated (沉重打击) students from low-income families. Mr. Tanaka didn’t organize loud protests or fiery speeches. Instead, he spent weeks gathering stories from students whose lives had been changed by the program, and met calmly with board members to make his case. Eventually the funding was restored. He wasn’t loud, but he was unyielding; he was introverted, but never passive. A forest doesn’t thrive with only tall trees; it needs delicate ferns, winding vines, and quiet underbrush to create a balanced ecosystem. So too does society. Extroverts spark energy. They rally people to action and inject enthusiasm into group efforts. But introverts deepen that energy: they listen to the voices others ignore and turn quiet contemplation (沉思) into thoughtful change. When forcing introverts to act more extroverted, we’re not helping them, but stripping them of the qualities that make their contributions unique. The beauty of human nature lies in its variety. A world where everyone is loud would be a world without silence, reflection and the quiet magic of someone like Elena, who turns observation into innovation, or Mr. Tanaka, who turns resolve into justice. To let introverts be introverted isn’t to coddle them; it’s to honor the full spectrum of what it means to be human. It’s to recognize that true progress doesn’t come from everyone shining the same way, it comes from everyone shining in their own. 33．Which paragraph is the most suitable for placing the following sentence in? A virtuous person may be inward- focused, but never cowardly; in the face of injustice, they will stand up and speak out. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 34．The author mentions the project manager’s comment on Elena in Paragraph 2 mainly to __________. A．Criticize managers for their unfair evaluation of introverted employees B．Show that introverts often lack the confidence to express their ideas in public C．highlight the importance of leadership workshops in helping introverts improve D．illustrate how society misjudges introverts’ abilities based on outward behavior 35．What is the purpose of metaphor of “a forest” in Paragraph 4? A．Introverts are more like “underbrush” that supports the ecosystem silently B．Extroverts and introverts should compete to maintain social balance C．Diverse traits in society are as essential as varied species in nature D．A balanced society needs more “tall trees” to thrive than “delicate ferns” 36．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Introverts’ quiet persistence is often more effective than extroverts’ loud advocacy. B．Society should stop forcing introverts to be extroverted and value their uniqueness. C．The distinction between introversion and cowardice is critical for social justice. D．Examples of Elena and Mr. Tanaka prove introverts can achieve great success Passage 10 （2026·河南信阳·二模）In an age shaped by social media and self-promotion, people admire a visible version of success, the kind that takes center stage and seeks constant applause. For an extended period, I was a willing participant in this illusion (错觉), measuring my own worth by the volume of recognition I received from others, only to feel disappointed when my quiet contributions went unnoticed. My perspective on value and success shifted greatly during my volunteer time at a small neighborhood library. It was a quiet place with calm yet purposeful daily activities, where the staff worked diligently without expectation of praise or recognition. My responsibilities there were modest and simple: reshelving books, helping a student find a suitable novel, or keeping the reading room quiet and peaceful for everyone. These ordinary and unsung routines, which were easily overlooked by most people, first struck me as trifling, totally lacking the applause and attention I had starved for. Over time, however, I began to see deeper value in these simple tasks. An elderly man came to the library every week, calling it his only shelter of peace in a noisy world. A small group of young locals depended on its quiet and comfortable atmosphere to take a break from their busy lives. I gradually came to realize that the library’s true significance lay not in great public recognition or praise, but in the steady, silent dedication (奉献) of its staff that made it a warm haven (港湾) for the whole community. Eventually, I learned that true competence operates quietly. It lies in the work done without an audience: the small, consistent efforts that make life easier for others. Success does not need a spotlight to be real. The most meaningful contributions are often made without expecting applause, yet they are profoundly valuable. 37．What did the author previously believe? A．Silent work deserved respect. B．Success hid in the dark. C．Visible efforts earned reputation. D．Recognition measured worth. 38．What does the underlined word “trifling” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Effortless. B．Challenging. C．Insignificant. D．Complicated. 39．How does the author illustrate the importance of the library in paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By making contrast. C．By listing statistics. D．By quoting readers. 40．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of success. B．To show the value of quiet devotion. C．To describe the experience at a library. D．To advocate seeking public recognition. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03阅读理解之说明文&夹叙夹议文 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）（每题2.5分，共100分） Passage 1 （2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测）No One Has to Settle for Bad Pizza Anymore If you have ever tried to make pizza at home, you know the disappointing result: a crust that is either burnt or undercooked, and cheese that turns into a pool of grease. The truth is, traditional home ovens cannot reach the high temperatures needed for restaurant-quality pizza. An authentic Neapolitan pizza requires about 950 degrees Fahrenheit, but a typical kitchen oven only reaches 550 degrees. This problem has now been solved by portable pizza ovens. These small outdoor devices can reach extremely high heat in just 15 minutes. The most popular brand, Ooni, launched its first product on Kickstarter in 2012. Similar products are now available from companies including Cuisinart, Ninja, and Gozney. These ovens are not complicated, but they are clever: they are inexpensive, compact, and can be taken camping or to beach vacations. The trend took off during the pandemic. When people were stuck at home in 2020, many turned to cooking projects. Ooni’s sales increased by 300 percent that year, and demand has remained strong since. “At housewares shows these days, you see pizza ovens all over,” said Joe Derochowski, an analyst at the market-research firm Circana. The appeal goes beyond convenience. Like grilling, using a pizza oven satisfies the human desire to cook with fire. “It’s the next generation of grilling,” said Scott Wiener, a pizza expert in New York City. So if you want perfect pizza at home, maybe it’s time to get your own pizza oven. 1．What can be inferred about traditional home ovens from paragraph 1? A．They are capable of making restaurant-quality pizza with proper skills. B．They are cheaper than portable pizza ovens in the long run. C．Their maximum temperature is insufficient for authentic Neapolitan pizza. D．Their heating speed is faster than portable pizza ovens. 2．According to the passage, what happened to Ooni’s sales in 2020? A．They doubled. B．They tripled. C．They remained unchanged. D．They dropped sharply. 3．What does the word “compact” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Extremely expensive B．Available online C．Complicated to use D．Small and portable 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce portable pizza ovens as a solution to home cooking problems B．To explain why pizza is popular in America C．To compare different brands of pizza ovens D．To teach readers how to make pizza at home 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了传统家用烤箱无法达到制作正宗那不勒斯披萨所需的高温这一问题，以及便携式披萨烤箱如何解决这一难题，并介绍了该产品的市场发展趋势和吸引力。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The truth is, traditional home ovens cannot reach the high temperatures needed for restaurant-quality pizza. An authentic Neapolitan pizza requires about 950 degrees Fahrenheit, but a typical kitchen oven only reaches 550 degrees. (事实是，传统家用烤箱无法达到制作餐厅品质披萨所需的高温。一份正宗的那不勒斯披萨需要约950华氏度，但典型的厨房烤箱只能达到550华氏度。)”可知，传统家用烤箱的最高温度不足以制作正宗的那不勒斯披萨。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“When people were stuck at home in 2020, many turned to cooking projects. Ooni’s sales increased by 300 percent that year, and demand has remained strong since. (2020年当人们被困在家中时，许多人转向了烹饪项目。那年Ooni的销售额增长了300%，此后需求一直保持强劲。)”可知，Ooni在2020年的销售额增长了三倍。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“This problem has now been solved by portable pizza ovens. (这个问题现在已经被便携式披萨烤箱解决了。)”以及“These ovens are not complicated, but they are clever: they are inexpensive, compact, and can be taken camping or to beach vacations. (这些烤箱并不复杂，但很巧妙：它们价格低廉、compact，可以带到露营或海滩度假中去。)”可知，compact意为“小巧便携的”。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第一段“If you have ever tried to make pizza at home, you know the disappointing result: a crust that is either burnt or undercooked, and cheese that turns into a pool of grease. (如果你曾经尝试在家做披萨，你就知道那令人失望的结果：饼皮要么烤焦要么没熟，奶酪变成一滩油脂。)”第二段“This problem has now been solved by portable pizza ovens. (这个问题现在已经被便携式披萨烤箱解决了。)”以及最后一段“So if you want perfect pizza at home, maybe it’s time to get your own pizza oven. (所以如果你想在家做出完美的披萨，也许是时候拥有自己的披萨烤箱了。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍便携式披萨烤箱作为家庭烹饪问题的解决方案。 Passage 2 （2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）A new study was conducted by AI expert André Barcaui of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, who ran an experiment with a group of university students. Half were allowed to use ChatGPT to help them respond to an assignment on artificial intelligence, and half weren’t. In a surprise test 45 days after the assignment, the students who used ChatGPT scored an average of 5.75 out of 10, while those who took the traditional study route averaged 6.85. That’s a notable difference, which chimes with other research showing that using AI to find information means we don’t take as much in. “This suggests that unrestricted ChatGPT use affected long-term memory storage, likely by reducing the cognitive effort that supports durable memory,” Barcaui writes. In the study, the students were given two weeks to learn about AI, then had to give a 10-minute demonstration. The ChatGPT group could use the tool to search, integrate, and structure information; the other group stuck to traditional methods. Learning was faster with AI: the ChatGPT group spent an average of 3.2 hours on the assignment, compared with 5.8 hours for the non-AI group. This reminds us that using apps like ChatGPT could be robbing our brains of the exercise they need — and that has consequences. The idea of cognitive offloading isn’t new. In 2011, a team led by psychologist Betsy Sparrow first described “digital amnesia (失忆症)” — the effect of search engines like Google on our ability to remember information. With AI assistants now able to take on much of the mental workload, studies suggest they could be changing how we think, perceive, focus and remember — not necessarily for the better. “Future teaching strategies should aim to take advantage of the benefits of AI without sacrificing the cognitive engagement and productive struggle required for durable learning,” Barcaui writes. “In the age of AI, the core principles of human learning are not outdated; in fact, they are more important than ever to uphold.” 5．What does the underlined phrase “chimes with” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Conflicts with. B．Corresponds to. C．Contributes to. D．Comes from. 6．What explains the faster learning of ChatGPT group? A．Limited memory storage. B．Enriched learning experience. C．Increased learning motivation. D．Reduced cognitive involvement. 7．Why does the author mention “digital amnesia”? A．To emphasize AI’s great risk. B．To clarify cognitive offloading. C．To add evidence to the findings. D．To criticize over-reliance on tools. 8．What is Barcaui’s attitude toward the use of AI? A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Dismissive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A 【导语】本文讲述了一项新研究证实，无限制使用人工智能工具完成学习任务会降低学习者的认知努力程度，对长期记忆留存产生负面影响，建议未来教育应当在发挥人工智能优势的同时，坚持人类学习的核心原则，保证学习者获得足够的认知锻炼，支撑长效学习。 【详解】5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“In a surprise test 45 days after the assignment, the students who used ChatGPT scored an average of 5.75 out of 10, while those who took the traditional study route averaged 6.85. That’s a notable difference, which chimes with other research showing that using AI to find information means we don’t take as much in.(在布置作业后45天的一次意外测试中，使用ChatGPT的学生平均得分为5.75分（满分10分），而采用传统学习方式的学生平均分为6.85分。这是一个显著的差异，chimes with其他研究结果，这些研究表明使用人工智能查找信息意味着我们吸收的知识更少)”可知，本项研究发现使用ChatGPT的学生测试成绩远低于不使用的学生，该结论和其他已有研究得出的“使用AI会减少知识吸收”的结论一致，可知chimes with意思是“与……一致、相符”，与Corresponds to“与……一致、符合”意思一致。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“This suggests that unrestricted ChatGPT use affected long-term memory storage, likely by reducing the cognitive effort that supports durable memory(这表明无限制使用ChatGPT会影响长期记忆存储，原因很可能是它减少了支撑长效记忆所需的认知努力)”以及第三段“This reminds us that using apps like ChatGPT could be robbing our brains of the exercise they need(这提醒我们，使用ChatGPT这类应用可能会剥夺大脑所需的锻炼)”可知，ChatGPT组完成任务更快，是因为人工智能承担了大部分认知工作，减少了学习者自身的认知参与。 7．推理判断题。第四段开头提出“The idea of cognitive offloading isn’t new.(认知卸载的概念并不新鲜)”，接着“In 2011, a team led by psychologist Betsy Sparrow first described “digital amnesia (失忆症)” — the effect of search engines like Google on our ability to remember information. With AI assistants now able to take on much of the mental workload, studies suggest they could be changing how we think, perceive, focus and remember — not necessarily for the better.(2011年，心理学家Betsy Sparrow领导的一个团队首次描述了“数字失忆症”——谷歌等搜索引擎对我们记忆信息能力的影响。随着人工智能助手现在能够承担大部分的脑力工作，研究表明，它们可能会改变我们思考、感知、专注和记忆的方式，但不一定会变得更好。 )”介绍“数字失忆症”概念，谷歌这类搜索引擎已经证明会影响人类的信息记忆能力，现在人工智能可以承担更多认知工作，也会对人类的思维、感知、注意力和记忆产生不一定向好的改变。由此可推知，作者提到早已被提出的“数字失忆症”，是为新研究结论提供更早的相关研究佐证。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Future teaching strategies should aim to take advantage of the benefits of AI without sacrificing the cognitive engagement and productive struggle required for durable learning(未来的教学策略应当着眼于利用人工智能的优势，同时不牺牲长效学习所需的认知参与和有效的思考努力)”可知，Barcaui并不反对使用人工智能，他支持合理发挥AI的优势，只是要求保证学习者获得足够认知参与和大脑锻炼，因此他对AI的使用持支持态度，只是强调要理性合理应用。 Passage 3 （2026·安徽阜阳·二模）A small team of animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has found via experimentation that common house cats are capable of associating human words with images without prompting or reward. In their study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, the group tested volunteer cats looking at images on a computer screen to see if they form associations between the images and spoken words. Prior research has shown that cats know when a human is speaking their name — they respond in ways that are different from when hearing other words. Other experiments have shown that they are able to match photos of people they know to their names. In this new effort, the researchers found that cats may be able to understand many of the words spoken to them. To find out if cats have the ability to match a word to an object, the research team enlisted the assistance of 31 volunteer adult house cats. Each was given a word test originally designed to learn more about word association in growing human infants. It involves being shown short animations. While the image is displayed, a nonsensical (无意义的) word is broadcast. Each cat saw two such animations — one was accompanied by the word “keraru”, the other “parumo”. The videos were played on a loop until the cats looked away. After giving each cat a break, each was once again placed in front of the computer screen and the same two animations were shown on a loop. But this time, the spoken words were reversed. As the cats watched the videos, the researchers watched the cats. They found that they stared longer when hearing the word than during the original broadcast — some even showed pupil dilation (瞳孔扩大). Both were signs that the cats were confused by the switch-up and were looking intently to find an explanation, evidence that they had associated the words with the images on the computer screen, even in the absence of a reward. This finding, the team suggests, indicates that it is likely that cats commonly associate words they hear from humans with objects in their environment. 9．What is the function of paragraph 2? A．To introduce a new experiment. B．To draw a conclusion from similar experiments. C．To detail the complex procedure of the experiment. D．To supplement the background of the recent research. 10．Why was a meaningless word broadcast in the experiment? A．To test the cats’ auditory sense. B．To train the cats with a new language. C．To ensure the cats establish new connections. D．To guarantee the cats understand the animations. 11．What behavior indicated that the cats had formed associations in the study? A．They watched animations longer with enlarged pupils. B．They conveyed the confusion to each other. C．They showed impatience at the second time. D．They showed preference to one of the animations. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．House cats can watch animations like humans B．House cats associate human words with images C．House cats understand different human languages D．House cats have the ability to distinguish different images 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 【导语】文章主要介绍日本研究团队通过实验发现，家猫无需提示和奖励，就能将人类话语与对应画面建立关联。 【详解】9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Prior research has shown that cats know when a human is speaking their name — they respond in ways that are different from when hearing other words. Other experiments have shown that they are able to match photos of people they know to their names.(先前研究表明猫咪能分辨人类呼唤自己的名字，反应与听到其他词汇不同。另有实验证明它们能将熟人照片和名字对应起来。)”结合下文新研究发现家猫能将人类话语与对应画面建立关联可知，第二段介绍以往相关研究成果，为本次新研究补充背景信息。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“To find out if cats have the ability to match a word to an object...Each was given a word test originally designed to learn more about word association in growing human infants. It involves being shown short animations. While the image is displayed, a nonsensical (无意义的) word is broadcast.(为了弄清楚猫是否拥有将词汇和物体匹配的能力……实验给每只猫做了一个最初用于研究人类婴儿词汇联想能力的词汇测试，测试过程是播放短动画，展示图像的同时播报一个无意义词汇)”可知，实验用无意义词汇是因为猫从未接触过这些词，可以保证猫是在实验中从头建立词汇和图像的全新关联，排除已有认知的干扰。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They found that they stared longer when hearing the word than during the original broadcast — some even showed pupil dilation (瞳孔扩大). Both were signs that the cats were confused by the switch-up and were looking intently to find an explanation, evidence that they had associated the words with the images on the computer screen, even in the absence of a reward. (研究人员发现，当词汇调换后，猫盯着屏幕的时间比最初播放时更长，一些猫甚至出现瞳孔扩大。这两种表现都是猫对调换感到困惑的信号，它们专注寻找原因，这也证明了它们已经将词汇和电脑屏幕上的图像建立了关联。)”可知，注视时间变长且瞳孔放大的行为，表明猫咪形成了词汇与图像的关联。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“A small team of animal scientists at Azabu University in Japan has found via experimentation that common house cats are capable of associating human words with images without prompting or reward.(日本麻布大学动物科研小组通过实验发现，普通家猫无需外界提示与奖励，能够将人类话语与图像建立关联。)”以及后文依次介绍过往研究、实验过程、实验结果可知，文章围绕家猫能将人类话语与图像建立关联这一核心展开，所以“House cats associate human words with images(家猫能将人类词语与画面建立关联)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 4 （2026·湖北十堰·三模）In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 13．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 14．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 15．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 16．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．A 【导语】文章主要介绍腐木真菌本以树木木质素为食，在缺少食物时可分解塑料；斯里兰卡教授团队通过45天对照实验证实该真菌代谢灵活，无木材时也能高效降解塑料，科学家有望复制其酶处理塑料垃圾，但该技术落地还需更多研究验证。 【详解】13．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups.(尽管这些真菌天生gravitated toward木材，但两组实验里它们依旧能分解塑料。)”及第一段“In forests, certain fungi attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide.(在森林中，部分真菌依附在树木与枯木上，分解木材内部的碳元素，并将其以二氧化碳的形式释放出来。)”可知，这些真菌依附在树木与枯木上，再结合后半句出现的让步逻辑，说明木材是真菌更喜爱的食物，gravitated toward意为“偏爱、倾向选择”。 14．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was-available.”(更重要的是，在没有木材的情况下，塑料降解效率依旧十分可观，这体现出一种进化形成的生存机制。Attanayake指出：“这类生物的代谢方式具备很强的适应性。这或许是一种进化优势 —— 真菌只能依靠身边一切可获取的物质维持生存。”)”可知，缺少食物时真菌会利用塑料维持生存。 15．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段““Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said.(Attanayake表示：“在限定条件下这项技术未来或许能投入使用，但仍需开展大量研究。”)”可知，她支持该技术应用，但态度保守谨慎，认为还有诸多问题待研究。 16．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead.(然而，当喜爱的食物短缺时，这类腐木真菌可以转而分解塑料。)”以及第四段“they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year (它们最终有望处理每年数亿吨塑料垃圾)”并结合全文内容可知，全文围绕真菌既能分解木材，又可降解塑料、有望解决塑料污染展开论述，故最佳标题是“真菌：从分解木材到解决塑料难题”。 Passage 5 （2026·湖南长沙·三模）Scientists have revealed much of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyze earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of the Earth’s crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha. 17．Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B．To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecast. C．To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D．To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. 18．What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A．The climate change caused by earthquakes. B．The impact of solar activity on atmosphere. C．The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D．The link between sunspots and earthquakes. 19．Which of the following would Saldanha agree? A．Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B．Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C．Earthquakes occur in the crust’s upper layer. D．Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. 20．What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A．Reveal. B．Distinguish. C．Expand. D．Assess. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．D 20．A 【导语】文章主要介绍筑波大学研究发现太阳活动可能影响地震发生，有助提升预测准确性。 【详解】17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.(然而，地震预测仍是一项重大挑战，2011年的东日本大地震便证明了这一点)”可知，作者提及东日本大地震是为了说明预测地震的难度之大。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth’s climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role.(基于此前一项将太阳活动与地震关联起来的研究，筑波大学研究人员开展的这项研究阐明了这一可能性，证实太阳黑子数量对地震存在一定影响，且受太阳热量影响的地球气候也在其中发挥了作用)”可知，该研究主要关注太阳黑子与地震之间的联系。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of the Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts.(研究发现，太阳能量的传递确实会对地震产生影响——哪怕这种影响微乎其微；而将太阳活动预测纳入精细的地球温度模型，或可助力发布地震预报)”可知，Saldanha认为太阳活动数据有助于预测地震。 20．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中““It’s an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha.(“这是一个令人振奋的研究方向，我们希望本研究能decipher导致地震的整体图景，”萨尔达尼亚说道)”可知，研究团队希望通过研究来弄清楚导致地震的整体原因，decipher在此处意为“破译，揭示”，与reveal同义。 Passage 6 （2026·广东深圳·模拟预测）Elizabeth S. Scordato earned an undergraduate degree in biology from North Carolina’s Duke University in 2004. After graduation she continued to work with one of her professors in the biology department, Christine M. Drea. Their project investigated the smell-marking behavior of the ring-tailed lemur (狐猴). Her first academic paper, coauthored with Drea, was published in 2007 in the journal Animal Behavior. In 2012, Scordato began working on a postdoctoral project at the University of Colorado at Boulder with Rebecca Safran. She traveled across Asia catching barn swallows, a common species of bird that is at the early stages of speciation. Barn swallows show wide variation across their geographical ranges. By analyzing the genetics of thousands of barn swallows, Scordato and her team showed that differences in feather color and migratory behavior keep different population s from breeding (繁殖) with one another. This is another key step toward the formation of new species. In 2018, Scordato joined the staff of California State Polytechnic University in Pomona, California. Her first major project involves the Pacific swallow. Like the barn swallow, the Pacific swallow has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in its environment. In particular, Pacific swallows build their nests on man-made structures, which has enabled them to survive around human settlements. Scordato is now studying how the spread of human settlements and structures throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania has shaped the genetic evolution (进化) of Pacific swallows. Traveling around the world to study birds is an adventure, but it is also hard work. “Once, when I was leaving for a challenging field season in India, my mother asked me ‘Why can’t you ever do anything the easy way?’” Scordato wrote. “I told her the meaning for doing something the hard way is well worth the struggle: you get the excitement of learning something new about the natural world that no one has ever understood before, and you also know that you really earned that discovery.” 21．What did Scordato do after graduation? A．She taught biology in a university. B．She worked on a research project. C．She travelled all over the world. D．She volunteered to help animals. 22．What did Scordato study about the barn swallows? A．The breeding of the species. B．Their ways of building their nests. C．The decrease in number of the species. D．Their adaptation to environmental changes. 23．What can be inferred from Scordato’s study of the Pacific swallow? A．Human activities have great impacts on animals. B．It’s vital for humans to protect the environment. C．Animals’ survival mostly depends on our efforts. D．Some species can change with the environment. 24．What does Scordato think of her job? A．Demanding. B．Tiresome. C．Rewarding. D．Annoying. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D 24．C 【导语】主要说明了Scordato主修生物学，先后研究狐猴、家燕与太平洋燕，探索物种演化。她奔走各地开展野外研究，虽工作辛苦，但认为这份探索自然的事业十分有价值。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段“After graduation she continued to work with one of her professors in the biology department, Christine M. Drea. Their project investigated the smell-marking behavior of the ring-tailed lemur (狐猴).(毕业后，她继续与生物系的教授克里斯汀·M·德雷合作。他们的项目研究了狐猴的气味标记行为)”可知，斯科达托毕业后参与了一个研究项目。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“By analyzing the genetics of thousands of barn swallows, Scordato and her team showed that differences in feather color and migratory behavior keep different population s from breeding (繁殖) with one another.(通过分析数千只家燕的基因，斯科达托及其团队发现，羽毛颜色和迁徙行为的差异使不同种群之间无法相互繁殖)”可知，斯科达托研究了家燕的物种繁殖。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“Scordato is now studying how the spread of human settlements and structures throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania has shaped the genetic evolution (进化) of Pacific swallows.(斯科达托目前正在研究人类聚居地和建筑在东南亚及大洋洲的传播如何影响了太平洋燕子的基因演化)”可知，某些物种能够随着环境而改变。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I told her the meaning for doing something the hard way is well worth the struggle: you get the excitement of learning something new about the natural world that no one has ever understood before, and you also know that you really earned that discovery.(我告诉她，用艰难的方式去做某件事，是值得的：你会获得一种兴奋感，去了解自然界中前所未有的新知识，同时你也明白，这个发现是你自己努力争取而来的)”可知，斯科达托认为她的工作是有回报的。 Passage 7 （2026·湖北·三模）My day was ruined before I even got out of bed. I wiped sleep from my eyes and reached over to the night table where my fingers reached toward my smartphone. First things first: scan e-mails. I had been looking forward to the book review from a well-known media outlet, picturing the joy of receiving a “gold star” recognition for my new work. However, the review shattered all my expectations. Words like “too careless” and “overly descriptive” jumped off the screen, hurting my heart. I felt a wave of desperation wash over me, as if all my efforts had been in vain. I curled up in bed, questioning my ability as a writer. Had my passion and dedication been nothing but a joke to the critics? For hours, I sank into self-doubt. But as I re-read Dale Carnegie’s words, a tiny spark of hope emerged in my heart. Instead of letting the one-star review defeat me, I decided to take action. I gathered the contact information of hundreds of book bloggers and sent them my book, along with a sincere note sharing my writing journey. It was a tough process. Many ignored my messages, and some even declined politely. But I refused to give up. Day after day, I kept reaching out, and gradually, responses started coming in. Several bloggers praised my book for its heartfelt storytelling, and some even recommended it to their followers. Eventually, my book gained unexpected popularity. Looking back, I realized that the “gold star” I had chased so eagerly was not the true measure of success. The real victory was finding the courage to rise after falling, and the confidence to keep going despite criticism. That painful experience taught me a precious lesson: success is not about never failing, but about turning failures into stepping stones toward growth. 25．What can we infer about the author from paragraph 1? A．She checked her phone quite often. B．She wrote book reviews for a living. C．She expected good comments on her book. D．She worried about missing important emails. 26．What does the underlined word “shattered” mean in paragraph 2? A．Released. B．Abandoned. C．Satisfied. D．Destroyed. 27．How did the author bounce back? A．She shifted readers’ previous taste. B．She acted positively to prove herself. C．She sought approval on social media. D．She persuaded the media to reconsider. 28．What does the author want to convey about success? A．It ignores external judgement. B．It comes from constant efforts. C．It lies in turning failure into growth. D．It requires overcoming bad reviews. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．C 【导语】文章主要讲述作者满怀期待新书书评，却迎来负面评价陷入自我怀疑，之后振作主动推广书籍收获认可，从中领悟成功在于将失败转化为成长基石的道理。 【详解】25．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“I had been looking forward to the book review from a well-known media outlet, picturing the joy of receiving a “gold star” recognition for my new work.(我一直期盼知名媒体的书评，想象着新作收获好评认可的喜悦。)”可知，作者期待自己的书籍能收获良好评价。 26．词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“However, the review shattered all my expectations. Words like “too careless” and “overly descriptive” jumped off the screen, hurting my heart.(然而这篇书评shattered我所有期待，“行文草率”“描写冗余” 这类字眼映入眼帘，让我内心备受打击。)” 可知，书评使用了各种负面的评价，会使作者深受打击，摧毁作者的期待，故shattered此处含义为摧毁。 27．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Instead of letting the one-star review defeat me, I decided to take action.(我没有被一星差评打倒，而是决定付诸行动。)”及“I gathered the contact information of hundreds of book bloggers and sent them my book, along with a sincere note sharing my writing journey.(我搜集了数百位书评博主的联系方式，把自己的书寄给他们，并附上真挚的留言，讲述自己的创作历程。)”可知，作者凭借积极行动证明自我，走出低谷。 28．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“That painful experience taught me a precious lesson: success is not about never failing, but about turning failures into stepping stones toward growth.(这段痛苦的经历让我明白珍贵的道理：成功从不代表永不失败，而是把失败化作助力成长的垫脚石。)”可知，作者认为成功在于把失败转化为自身成长。 Passage 8 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）Last year, I signed up for a pottery class, determined to master the art of throwing clay and develop a relaxing creative hobby in my free time. My initial excitement was off the charts; I pictured myself crafting perfect delicate vases, posting beautiful works online, and even selling my handmade pieces at local weekend markets. For the first month, I showed up religiously to every lesson, covered in clay from head to toe and full of bright hope each day. But reality hit hard and disappointed me greatly. My pots collapsed repeatedly while being shaped. They cracked easily in the hot kiln (窑), or their sides turned out uneven no matter how carefully I tried to fix them. By the third month, all my joy had faded completely, and each class felt like a boring and tiring chore.  I found myself making silly excuses to skip lessons, fully convinced that I was simply “not talented enough” for this handmade craft. One evening, as I stared at an ugly misshapen bowl I’d just made, my instructor gently leaned over. “Why do you keep going if it doesn’t bring you joy?” he asked. His thoughtful question made me pause and reflect deeply on my choice all at once. I’d always firmly believed that quitting meant total failure — that persistence alone was the only true virtue. But at that moment, I realized persistence without a clear purpose is just meaningless exhaustion. The next week, I bravely quit the class. Surprisingly, I didn’t feel defeated at all; I felt light and free.  I redirected all that spare time to my old love of sketching, and soon my notebooks were filled with warm, vibrant drawings. That’s when I learned an important lesson: quitting isn’t giving up. It’s choosing to invest your energy in what truly lights you up inside. 29．What does the underlined phrase “off the charts” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Extremely high. B．Constantly low. C．Quite unexpected. D．Hard to understand. 30．How did the author feel about the pottery class in the third month? A．She treated it cautiously. B．She was indifferent to it. C．She felt pessimistic about it. D．She dismissed it from her mind. 31．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The instructor’s professional advice on pottery. B．The author’s confusion about her lack of talent. C．The turning point in the author’s attitude to quitting. D．The reason why the author failed in making pottery. 32．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Stick to your goal B．Know when to stop C．Treasure your hobby D．Follow your passion 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．C 32．B 【导语】文章讲述作者学习陶艺屡屡受挫，在老师的启发下选择放弃，并重拾绘画爱好，从中领悟到适时放弃并非认输，而是理性选择。 【详解】29．词句猜测题。根据第一段“My initial excitement was off the charts; I pictured myself crafting perfect delicate vases, posting beautiful works online, and even selling my handmade pieces at local weekend markets.(我一开始兴奋off the charts，想象着自己做出精致完美的花瓶，把作品发到网上，甚至在当地周末市集售卖手作。)”可知，作者最初的情绪十分高涨，想象自己能做出精美的花瓶，所以猜测off the charts表“十分高涨”。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“By the third month, all my joy had faded completely, and each class felt like a boring and tiring chore. I found myself making silly excuses to skip lessons, fully convinced that I was simply “not talented enough” for this handmade craft.(到了第三个月，我所有的喜悦荡然无存，每一节课都成了枯燥累人的琐事。我开始找借口缺课，认定自己没有做手工陶艺的天赋。)”可知，作者此时对陶艺课心态消极、感到悲观。 31．主旨大意题。根据第三段“One evening, as I stared at an ugly misshapen bowl I’d just made, my instructor gently leaned over. “Why do you keep going if it doesn’t bring you joy?” he asked. His thoughtful question made me pause and reflect deeply on my choice all at once. I’d always firmly believed that quitting meant total failure — that persistence alone was the only true virtue. But at that moment, I realized persistence without a clear purpose is just meaningless exhaustion.(一天傍晚，我正盯着刚做好的一只难看又歪扭的碗，老师轻轻靠了过来。“如果这件事不能给你带来快乐，为什么还要坚持呢？”他问道。这个意味深长的问题，让我瞬间停下脚步，开始认真反思自己的选择。我一直坚信，放弃就意味着彻底失败，唯有坚持才是唯一真正的美德。但就在那一刻我明白：没有明确目标的坚持，不过是毫无意义的消耗。)”可知，老师的提问让作者改变了对“放弃”的看法，这是作者心态的转折点。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文特别根据最后一段“That’s when I learned an important lesson: quitting isn’t giving up. It’s choosing to invest your energy in what truly lights you up inside.(那时我明白了一个道理：放弃并非认输，而是选择把精力投入到真正让自己热爱的事情上。)”可知，文章讲述作者学习陶艺屡屡受挫，在老师的启发下选择放弃，并重拾绘画爱好，从中领悟到我们要懂得适时止步、理智放弃。所以B项“Know when to stop(懂得适可而止)”符合语境，适合用作标题。 Passage 9 （2026·广东·模拟预测）For decades, society has implicitly ranked outgoing as a virtue, equating talkativeness with confidence, leadership, and even competence while branding introversion as a flaw to be fixed. We tell shy children to speak up, and urge quiet ones to be more assertive. This one-size-fits-all mindset doesn’t just marginalize (夸大) introverts; it robs the world of the unique perspectives only they can offer. Elena, a software engineer I worked with a few years ago. In team meetings, she rarely spoke unless directly asked, preferring to jot down ideas in a notebook rather than compete for airtime. But when the team hit a wall with a critical code issue that even had stumped even the most vocal members. However, she’d spent days quietly analyzing the problem, mapping out flaws no one else had noticed, and presented a solution with such clarity that the client praised it as game-changing. Her introversion wasn’t a barrier to impact but the foundation of it. She listened more than she spoke, focused deeply rather than broadly, and turned that quiet attention into work that moved the needle. Critics of introversion often mistake restraint for weakness, the distinction matters more than ever in a world that confuses volume with courage. Mr. Tanaka, a high school history teacher. He was the kind of educator who rarely raised his voice, yet his students remembered him as one of the most influential figures in their lives. When the school proposed cutting funding for the program which would have devastated (沉重打击) students from low-income families. Mr. Tanaka didn’t organize loud protests or fiery speeches. Instead, he spent weeks gathering stories from students whose lives had been changed by the program, and met calmly with board members to make his case. Eventually the funding was restored. He wasn’t loud, but he was unyielding; he was introverted, but never passive. A forest doesn’t thrive with only tall trees; it needs delicate ferns, winding vines, and quiet underbrush to create a balanced ecosystem. So too does society. Extroverts spark energy. They rally people to action and inject enthusiasm into group efforts. But introverts deepen that energy: they listen to the voices others ignore and turn quiet contemplation (沉思) into thoughtful change. When forcing introverts to act more extroverted, we’re not helping them, but stripping them of the qualities that make their contributions unique. The beauty of human nature lies in its variety. A world where everyone is loud would be a world without silence, reflection and the quiet magic of someone like Elena, who turns observation into innovation, or Mr. Tanaka, who turns resolve into justice. To let introverts be introverted isn’t to coddle them; it’s to honor the full spectrum of what it means to be human. It’s to recognize that true progress doesn’t come from everyone shining the same way, it comes from everyone shining in their own. 33．Which paragraph is the most suitable for placing the following sentence in? A virtuous person may be inward- focused, but never cowardly; in the face of injustice, they will stand up and speak out. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 34．The author mentions the project manager’s comment on Elena in Paragraph 2 mainly to __________. A．Criticize managers for their unfair evaluation of introverted employees B．Show that introverts often lack the confidence to express their ideas in public C．highlight the importance of leadership workshops in helping introverts improve D．illustrate how society misjudges introverts’ abilities based on outward behavior 35．What is the purpose of metaphor of “a forest” in Paragraph 4? A．Introverts are more like “underbrush” that supports the ecosystem silently B．Extroverts and introverts should compete to maintain social balance C．Diverse traits in society are as essential as varied species in nature D．A balanced society needs more “tall trees” to thrive than “delicate ferns” 36．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Introverts’ quiet persistence is often more effective than extroverts’ loud advocacy. B．Society should stop forcing introverts to be extroverted and value their uniqueness. C．The distinction between introversion and cowardice is critical for social justice. D．Examples of Elena and Mr. Tanaka prove introverts can achieve great success 【答案】33．C 34．D 35．C 36．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章批判了社会将外向等同于美德、贬低内向的固有观念，通过工程师埃琳娜和教师田中先生的案例，论证内向人的独特价值，并呼吁社会尊重人格多样性。 【详解】33．推理判断题。所给句子“A virtuous person may be inward - focused, but never cowardly; in the face of injustice, they will stand up and speak out. (一个有美德的人可能是内向专注的，但绝不是懦弱的；面对不公正，他们会站出来大声说出来。)”与第三段中田中先生的例子相契合。第三段讲述田中先生虽内向，在学校削减对低收入家庭学生有重大影响的项目资金时，他没有大声抗议，而是通过收集学生故事冷静与董事会成员沟通最终恢复资金，体现了他面对不公时的行动，并非懦弱。所以该句子适合放在第三段。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第二段“Elena, a software engineer I worked with a few years ago. In team meetings, she rarely spoke unless directly asked, preferring to jot down ideas in a notebook rather than compete for airtime. But when the team hit a wall with a critical code issue that even had stumped even the most vocal members. However, she’d spent days quietly analyzing the problem, mapping out flaws no one else had noticed, and presented a solution with such clarity that the client praised it as game-changing. (埃琳娜是我几年前合作的一位软件工程师。在团队会议中，她很少主动发言，除非被直接提问，她更倾向于在笔记本上记录想法，而不是争抢发言机会。但当团队在关键代码问题上遇到瓶颈，就连最活跃的成员也束手无策时，她却花了几天时间默默地分析问题，找出其他人未曾注意到的缺陷，并提出了一个清晰的解决方案，以至于客户称赞其具有革命性意义。)”可知，项目经理对埃琳娜的评价，其主要目的是说明社会如何基于外在表现错误地判断内向者的能力。故选D。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段“A forest doesn’t thrive with only tall trees; it needs delicate ferns, winding vines, and quiet underbrush to create a balanced ecosystem. So too does society. Extroverts spark energy. They rally people to action and inject enthusiasm into group efforts. But introverts deepen that energy: they listen to the voices others ignore and turn quiet contemplation (沉思) into thoughtful change. When forcing introverts to act more extroverted, we’re not helping them, but stripping them of the qualities that make their contributions unique. (森林的繁荣并非仅靠高大的树木就能实现；它还需要娇嫩的蕨类植物、蜿蜒的藤蔓和安静的灌木丛来形成一个平衡的生态系统。社会亦是如此。外向者能激发活力。他们动员人们采取行动，并为团队努力注入热情。但内向者则能深化这种活力：他们倾听他人忽视的声音，并将安静的沉思转化为深思熟虑的变革。当迫使内向者表现得更外向时，我们并非在帮助他们，而是在剥夺他们那些使自身贡献独具特色的特质。)”可知，第四段将森林中需要高大树木、蕨类植物、藤蔓等不同物种来形成平衡生态系统，类比到社会中，说明外向者和内向者等不同特质的人对于社会平衡发展都很重要，就像自然界中不同物种一样必不可少。故选C。 36．主旨大意题。文章开篇指出社会将外向视为美德、将内向视为缺陷的错误观念，接着通过埃琳娜和 Mr. Tanaka 的例子说明内向者有独特能力和贡献，最后强调社会不应强迫内向者变得外向，而应尊重他们的独特性。所以B选择项“Society should stop forcing introverts to be extroverted and value their uniqueness.(社会应当停止强迫内向者变得外向，并尊重他们的独特性。)”最能概括文章大意。故选B。 Passage 10 （2026·河南信阳·二模）In an age shaped by social media and self-promotion, people admire a visible version of success, the kind that takes center stage and seeks constant applause. For an extended period, I was a willing participant in this illusion (错觉), measuring my own worth by the volume of recognition I received from others, only to feel disappointed when my quiet contributions went unnoticed. My perspective on value and success shifted greatly during my volunteer time at a small neighborhood library. It was a quiet place with calm yet purposeful daily activities, where the staff worked diligently without expectation of praise or recognition. My responsibilities there were modest and simple: reshelving books, helping a student find a suitable novel, or keeping the reading room quiet and peaceful for everyone. These ordinary and unsung routines, which were easily overlooked by most people, first struck me as trifling, totally lacking the applause and attention I had starved for. Over time, however, I began to see deeper value in these simple tasks. An elderly man came to the library every week, calling it his only shelter of peace in a noisy world. A small group of young locals depended on its quiet and comfortable atmosphere to take a break from their busy lives. I gradually came to realize that the library’s true significance lay not in great public recognition or praise, but in the steady, silent dedication (奉献) of its staff that made it a warm haven (港湾) for the whole community. Eventually, I learned that true competence operates quietly. It lies in the work done without an audience: the small, consistent efforts that make life easier for others. Success does not need a spotlight to be real. The most meaningful contributions are often made without expecting applause, yet they are profoundly valuable. 37．What did the author previously believe? A．Silent work deserved respect. B．Success hid in the dark. C．Visible efforts earned reputation. D．Recognition measured worth. 38．What does the underlined word “trifling” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Effortless. B．Challenging. C．Insignificant. D．Complicated. 39．How does the author illustrate the importance of the library in paragraph 3? A．By giving examples. B．By making contrast. C．By listing statistics. D．By quoting readers. 40．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare different types of success. B．To show the value of quiet devotion. C．To describe the experience at a library. D．To advocate seeking public recognition. 【答案】37．D 38．C 39．A 40．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了作者从前认同靠外界认可衡量自我价值、追捧博人眼球的显性成功，后在社区图书馆做志愿者的经历中深受触动，领悟到不求掌声的默默奉献才更有深层价值与真正意义。 【详解】37．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“For an extended period, I was a willing participant in this illusion(错觉), measuring my own worth by the volume of recognition I received from others (长期以来，我心甘情愿深陷这种错觉之中，依靠他人的认可度来衡量自我价值)” 可知，作者从前认为外界的认可可以衡量个人价值。 38．词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“These ordinary and unsung routines, which were easily overlooked by most people, first struck me as trifling, totally lacking the applause and attention I had starved for. (这些不被人知晓的日常琐事很容易被大多数人忽视，起初我认为这些事情trifling，完全没有我渴望的掌声与关注。)” 可知，这些不被人知晓的日常琐事很容易被大多数人忽视，所以trifling表示这些事情是无意义的，不会被人注意的，故表示“微不足道、无意义的”。 39．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“An elderly man came to the library every week, calling it his only shelter of peace in a noisy world. A small group of young locals depended on its quiet and comfortable atmosphere to take a break from their busy lives. (一位老人每周都会来到图书馆，并称这里是喧嚣世界里唯一的安宁港湾。当地一群年轻人依靠图书馆安静舒适的环境，从忙碌的生活中抽身休憩。)” 可知，作者通过列举老人和当地年轻人的事例，说明图书馆的重要意义。 40．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Eventually, I learned that true competence operates quietly. It lies in the work done without an audience: the small, consistent efforts that make life easier for others. (最终我明白，真正的能力往往无声彰显。它藏在无人注视的付出里，藏在那些默默坚持、为他人带去便利的微小努力中。)” 可知，文章旨在阐述默默奉献的价值与意义。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $