专题27 长难句分析(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026-07-16
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 句子成分
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 659 KB
发布时间 2026-07-16
更新时间 2026-07-16
作者 爱生活爱英语
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-07-16
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58834758.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考长难句分析核心考点,按简单句、并列句、复合句及混合类逻辑架构知识体系,通过命题透视研判考情,思维建模搭建框架,考点精讲拆解技巧,真题溯源强化训练,系统性提升学生长难句理解与分析能力。 资料创新采用“主干提取+分层拆解”教学策略,如引导学生按“找主谓定主干、划从句辨类型”步骤分析复合句,培养思维品质与学习能力。设置真题单句填空等分层练习,配合即时反馈,助力学生高效突破难点,为教师精准把控复习节奏提供实用指导。

内容正文:

专题27 长难句分析 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 长难句概述 知识解构 知识点1 长难句的界定 知识点2 长难句的特点 知识点3 解决关键 知识点4 长难句分类 考向破译 考向 考查理解长难句 考点二 简单句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查简单句中的长难句 考点三 并列句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查并列句中的长难句 考点四 复合句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查复合句中的长难句 考点五 并列复合句(高频混合类) 知识解构 知识点1 「并列句 + 复合句」的结合 知识点2 先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句 考向破译 考向 考查高频混合类 考点六 分析长难句的常用技巧 知识解构 知识点1 还原语序,简化理解 知识点2 插入语处理 知识点3 虚拟语气拆解 考点七 分析长难句的步骤方法 知识解构 知识点1 找主谓,定主干 知识点2 划从句,辨类型 知识点3 析修饰,明关系 知识点4 除干扰,抓核心 知识点5 整句意,通翻译 考向破译 考向 按部就班分析长难句 考点八 句子成分思维建模 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 基本句型 在全国高考各种试卷中,长难句涉及到各种题型从阅读理解、阅读7选5、完形填空到语法填空,尤其是阅读理解中最为突出。在书面表达和读后续写中也需要写出高级句式以提高文章质量。 考情分析 从近三年高考试题来看,试题中出现的长难句越来越大的趋势,这对理解文章带来一定的难度。命题趋势:在阅读理解中明显长难句增加,尤其是阅读理解C、D篇。分析理解长难句是阅读理解不可绕过的障碍,因此分析长难句是高考英语复习中重要的一环。让学生在阅读中养成分析长难句的习惯,避免对文章真正意思的误解,这样才能做好阅读理解。在语法填空中也有长难句增加的趋势,认真分析长难句的成分后,才能准确填出词的正确形式。在读后续写和书面表达中写出高水平的句子才能尽显写作风采,交出满意的答卷。 复习目标 1.夯实基础——掌握五种基本句型。 2.准确判断句子类型——区分简单句、并列句、主从复合句(含名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)或并列复合句。 3.掌握处理长难句的一些方法。 4.按照一定的步骤养成拆解分析长难句的习惯。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 长难句概述 知●识●解●构 知识点1 长难句的界定:主句中嵌套两个及以上从句(定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等),同时叠加形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等修饰成分,句子层级多、修饰信息繁杂,容易分不清主干与修饰部分。 知识点2 长难句的特点:①句中非核心信息多,让考生难以厘清句子主干; ②词类活用现象频现,如形容词活用为名词、情态动词活用为名词、名词活用为形容词等,以名词活用为动词的现象最为多见; ③语篇中生僻词或生僻短语多,给考生理解句意造成障碍; ④句式结构相似度高,容易混淆; ⑤一个句子中出现多个主谓结构或多个从句套用。 知识点3 解决关键:任何长难句都可以被拆解成简单易懂的组成部分。先抓主谓主干,再逐层剥离各类修饰、从句。 知识点4 长难句分类: 结构类型 特点说明 典型例句 1. 分割结构 主语和谓语、谓语和宾语之间被其他成分隔开 The boy who is standing under the tree is my brother. 2. 嵌套结构 从句中套从句,层层嵌套 I think that you know who he is. 3. 并列结构 两个或多个相同成分并列,由连词连接 He likes reading, writing and swimming. 4. 倒装结构 谓语或部分谓语位于主语之前 Only then did I realize my mistake. 5. 强调结构 用It is/was...that/who...强调某成分 It was Tom who broke the window. 6. 插入语 利用插入语,把完整句子断开,增加理解难度,但这是母语者常用的地道方法 Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. 7. 省略结构 为了避免重复,省略相关的相似结构 When (you are) travelling in the Amazon rainforest, you should follow your local guide closely. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查理解长难句 1. It is widely acknowledged that the ability to adapt to new technologies will be a key factor determining whether young people can gain an advantage in the future job market, where competition is increasingly fierce. 2.What is particularly striking about the study is that it reveals how people's perception of time is shaped by the digital environment in which they are constantly exposed to infinite information flows. 考点二 简单句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述: 句子只有一套主谓结构(只有一个谓语动词),没有从句,之所以变长变难,是因为叠加了大量修饰成分:介词短语、非谓语动词(to do /doing/done)、形容词短语、同位语、插入语等,用来修饰主语、宾语、状语,容易掩盖句子主干。 知识点2 解题技巧:剥离所有修饰成分,只保留主谓(宾)。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查简单句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.Many tourists from different countries walking along the narrow coastal road hope to explore the ancient cultural sites in Peru. 2.Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. 3.Self-discipline, as far as I am concerned, enables teenagers and youngsters to achieve greater success. 4.Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures. 5.(2025全国乙卷阅读D篇) Unlike traditional museums that focus on displaying rare artifacts, the new interactive museums aim to engage visitors through immersive experiences, allowing them to participate in the reconstruction of historical scenarios rather than just observe them. 考点三 并列句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述:由并列连词(and, but, so, or, for, while 等)连接两个或多个独立的简单句,每个分句都有自己独立的主谓结构。句子难点在于:多个分句层层罗列,同时每个分句内部又带有各类修饰短语,信息量大,容易分不清分句边界。 知识点2 解题技巧:先找并列连词,切分各个独立分句,再分别找每个分句主干。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查并列句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team, but the coach told me I was not skilled enough, so I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead. 2.(2025 · 全国 II 卷 )Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did. 3.(2026·武汉市四月考试)And the most powerful way to shape someone's choices is by gaining their trust — every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate. 考点四 复合句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述 由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成,存在主次关系。从句依附主句,不能独立成句,分为三大类:定语从句、名词性从句(宾语 / 主语 / 表语 / 同位语从句)、状语从句。难点在于从句多层嵌套,从句中再套从句,外加非谓语、介词短语修饰,极易混淆主句主谓。 知识点2 解题技巧:先锁定主句主谓,再逐个拆分嵌套从句,明确从句修饰对象。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查复合句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.I believe that the travelling experience which we will gain in Peru will help us become more confident people who dare to explore unknown things in our life. 2.(2026·全国I卷) I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 考点五 并列复合句(高频混合类) 知●识●解●构 知识点1 很多长难句是「并列句 + 复合句」的结合,既存在并列连词,又有主从嵌套,属于前两类的混合。 知识点2 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法:先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句 考●向●破●译 考向 考查高频混合类 1.If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English — William, the Conqueror. 2.When we talk about environmental protection, we often forget that the small actions we take every day, such as turning off lights when leaving a room, can make a big difference to the planet. 3.Only by understanding the historical background of the event, which has been discussed in many academic papers, can we truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time. 考点六 分析长难句的常用技巧 知●识●解●构 知识点1 处理特殊句式:还原语序,简化理解 倒装、强调、虚拟等特殊句式通过改变正常语序增强表达效果,解题核心是 “还原为陈述句语序”,再按常规方法拆解。 ①倒装句:找准标志,还原主谓 高频标志:“Only + 状语” 置于句首、“Not only” 置于句首、否定副词(Never/Nowhere)置于句首、虚拟语气省略 if(Had/Were/Should 提前)。 【举例1】 Had it not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down. 【举例2】 Not only does the book provide historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity. ②强调句:去掉框架,回归主干 高频标志:“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”,去掉标志词后句子仍完整。 【举例】 It was through persistent efforts and teamwork that the research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant. 知识点2 插入语处理:跳读分隔,聚焦主干 插入语是插入句子中间、补充说明背景 / 态度 / 解释的成分,常以 “逗号”“破折号”“括号” 为标志,不影响主干结构。解题时可先 “跳读” 插入语,锁定主干后再回头理解补充信息,避免被分隔成分干扰逻辑。 ▲高频插入语类型 短语类:however, in fact, for example, on the contrary(表转折 / 举例 / 对比); 从句类:I believe, we think, they argue(表观点); 名词短语类:a famous scientist, the capital of France(补充身份 / 属性)。 【举例】 The new policy, which many experts believe will promote sustainable development, is expected to be implemented next year. 【举例2】 Online learning, contrary to what some people think, does not necessarily reduce the quality of education. 知识点3 虚拟语气拆解:明确假设,还原真实语义 虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议,常通过特殊的谓语动词形式(如过去式、had done、would do 等)体现。拆解时需先判断虚拟语气的类型(对现在、过去、将来的虚拟),明确假设的时间背景,再还原其背后的真实语义,避免误解句子核心意图。虚拟语气类型及标志: 虚拟类型 时间背景 主句谓语形式 从句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 与当前事实相反 would/could/might + do 过去式(be 动词用 were) 对过去虚拟 与过去事实相反 would/could/might + have done had + done 对将来虚拟 对未来的假设(可能性小) would/could/might + do 过去式 /should + do /were to + do 【举例1】 If I had known about the traffic jam in advance, I would not have missed the important meeting this morning. 【举例2】 It is high time that we took effective measures to protect the endangered species before they disappear forever. 考点七 分析长难句的步骤方法 知●识●解●构 知识点 方法步骤: ☑ 第一步:找主谓,定主干 任何句子都有主语和谓语,这是句子的核心。首先找出句子的主语和谓语动词,确定句子的主干结构。注意:主语可能被定语从句或插入语隔开,谓语可能是复合谓语(情态动词+动词、助动词+动词等)。 ☑ 第二步:划从句,辨类型 找出句中的从句,判断其类型(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句)。从句通常由连接词引导,如that, which, who, what, when, where, why, how, if, whether等。 ☑ 第三步:析修饰,明关系 分析句中的修饰成分,包括定语(形容词、名词、代词、从句、短语等)和状语(副词、介词短语、从句等)。明确各修饰成分与被修饰词之间的关系,理清句子的层次结构。 ☑ 第四步:除干扰,抓核心 排除插入语、同位语、分隔结构等干扰成分,抓住句子的核心信息。插入语通常用逗号或破折号隔开,可以先跳过不看,理解核心句后再回看补充。 ☑第五步:整句意,通翻译 将分析结果整合,理解整句含义,按照中文表达习惯进行翻译。注意:翻译时要调整语序,将英语的后置定语、状语等转换为中文的前置修饰。 考●向●破●译 考向 按部就班分析长难句 1. (2026·安徽滁州二模)Though she'd never used a computer, she showed a keen interest in the device because she knew people who had one, and she believed that if she didn't keep up with technology, she'd one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, unable to open a can of soup. 2.(2025·浙江 1 月,B) Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility, ”where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume-even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. 考点八 句子成分思维建模 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:夯实基础——掌握五种基本句型(主谓、主谓宾、主谓表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补),明确七种句子成分(主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表)。 ✅ 技巧2:判断句子类型——区分简单句、并列句、主从复合句(含名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)或并列复合句。 ✅ 技巧3:锁定主干——先确定谓语动词(注意区分谓语与非谓语),找出对应的主语,剥离定语、状语、从句等“枝叶”成分,提炼句子核心主干。 ✅ 技巧4:辨析逻辑——提取主干后,定位关联词(并列连词如and、but,从属连词如that、which、when等),明确分句间的逻辑关系(并列、转折、条件、因果等)。 ✅ 技巧5:拆解附属成分——分清主句与从句(或并列分句)后,逐一分析各部分的附属成分(如定语修饰哪个名词、状语表时间/地点/原因等)。 ✅ 技巧6:翻译重组——遵循“英语长句拆分为汉语短句”的原则,调整语序,使翻译结果逻辑清晰、语句通顺。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(分析长难句) 1.(2026·全国I卷)The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 2.(2026·全国I卷) Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 3.(2026·全国I卷)Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 4.(2026·全国I卷)Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. 5.(2026·全国I卷) Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 6.(2026·全国I卷)By using machine learning and advanced algorithms (算法), these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 7.(2026·全国I卷)Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. 8.(2026·全国I卷)AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 9.(2026·全国I卷) Sure, my friends and I loved to complain about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere; however, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m convinced that it took leaving our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 10.(2026·全国I卷) I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction. 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题27 长难句分析 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 长难句概述 知识解构 知识点1 长难句的界定 知识点2 长难句的特点 知识点3 解决关键 知识点4 长难句分类 考向破译 考向 考查理解长难句 考点二 简单句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查简单句中的长难句 考点三 并列句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查并列句中的长难句 考点四 复合句中的长难句 知识解构 知识点1 概述 知识点2 解题技巧 考向破译 考向 考查复合句中的长难句 考点五 并列复合句(高频混合类) 知识解构 知识点1 「并列句 + 复合句」的结合 知识点2 先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句 考向破译 考向 考查高频混合类 考点六 分析长难句的常用技巧 知识解构 知识点1 还原语序,简化理解 知识点2 插入语处理 知识点3 虚拟语气拆解 考点七 分析长难句的步骤方法 知识解构 知识点1 找主谓,定主干 知识点2 划从句,辨类型 知识点3 析修饰,明关系 知识点4 除干扰,抓核心 知识点5 整句意,通翻译 考向破译 考向 按部就班分析长难句 考点八 句子成分思维建模 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 基本句型 在全国高考各种试卷中,长难句涉及到各种题型从阅读理解、阅读7选5、完形填空到语法填空,尤其是阅读理解中最为突出。在书面表达和读后续写中也需要写出高级句式以提高文章质量。 考情分析 从近三年高考试题来看,试题中出现的长难句越来越大的趋势,这对理解文章带来一定的难度。命题趋势:在阅读理解中明显长难句增加,尤其是阅读理解C、D篇。分析理解长难句是阅读理解不可绕过的障碍,因此分析长难句是高考英语复习中重要的一环。让学生在阅读中养成分析长难句的习惯,避免对文章真正意思的误解,这样才能做好阅读理解。在语法填空中也有长难句增加的趋势,认真分析长难句的成分后,才能准确填出词的正确形式。在读后续写和书面表达中写出高水平的句子才能尽显写作风采,交出满意的答卷。 复习目标 1.夯实基础——掌握五种基本句型。 2.准确判断句子类型——区分简单句、并列句、主从复合句(含名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)或并列复合句。 3.掌握处理长难句的一些方法。 4.按照一定的步骤养成拆解分析长难句的习惯。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 长难句概述 知●识●解●构 知识点1 长难句的界定:主句中嵌套两个及以上从句(定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等),同时叠加形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等修饰成分,句子层级多、修饰信息繁杂,容易分不清主干与修饰部分。 知识点2 长难句的特点:①句中非核心信息多,让考生难以厘清句子主干; ②词类活用现象频现,如形容词活用为名词、情态动词活用为名词、名词活用为形容词等,以名词活用为动词的现象最为多见; ③语篇中生僻词或生僻短语多,给考生理解句意造成障碍; ④句式结构相似度高,容易混淆; ⑤一个句子中出现多个主谓结构或多个从句套用。 知识点3 解决关键:任何长难句都可以被拆解成简单易懂的组成部分。先抓主谓主干,再逐层剥离各类修饰、从句。 知识点4 长难句分类: 结构类型 特点说明 典型例句 1. 分割结构 主语和谓语、谓语和宾语之间被其他成分隔开 The boy who is standing under the tree is my brother. 2. 嵌套结构 从句中套从句,层层嵌套 I think that you know who he is. 3. 并列结构 两个或多个相同成分并列,由连词连接 He likes reading, writing and swimming. 4. 倒装结构 谓语或部分谓语位于主语之前 Only then did I realize my mistake. 5. 强调结构 用It is/was...that/who...强调某成分 It was Tom who broke the window. 6. 插入语 利用插入语,把完整句子断开,增加理解难度,但这是母语者常用的地道方法 Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. 7. 省略结构 为了避免重复,省略相关的相似结构 When (you are) travelling in the Amazon rainforest, you should follow your local guide closely. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查理解长难句 1. It is widely acknowledged that the ability to adapt to new technologies will be a key factor determining whether young people can gain an advantage in the future job market, where competition is increasingly fierce. 【分析】①确定主干——谓语动词:is acknowledged(主句谓语,被动语态)、will be(宾语从句谓语)、determining(非谓语动词)、can gain(宾语从句中的宾语从句谓语)、is(定语从句谓语)。②主句主干:It is widely acknowledged that...(形式主语句式,真正主语是that从句);that从句主干:the ability will be a key factor(主系表结构);determining后的宾语从句主干:young people can gain an advantage(主谓宾结构);定语从句主干:competition is increasingly fierce(主系表结构)。 ③找关联词、辨逻辑——关联词that(引导主语从句,作真正主语)、whether(引导宾语从句,作determining的宾语)、where(引导定语从句,修饰先行词the future job market,相当于in which)。 ④分析附属成分——widely(状语,修饰acknowledged)、to adapt to new technologies(后置定语,修饰the ability)、determining whether...job market(现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰a key factor)、in the future job market(状语,表地点,限定gain an advantage的范围)、increasingly fierce(定语,修饰competition)。 ⑥ 难点解析——It is widely acknowledged that...为固定句型“人们普遍认为”;adapt to为固定搭配“适应”;determining在此处为现在分词作定语,需转化为汉语的“决定……的”;where引导的定语从句翻译时需补充“如今”,使逻辑更连贯 【句意】人们普遍认为,适应新技术的能力将是决定年轻人能否在未来就业市场中获得优势的关键因素——如今就业市场的竞争日益激烈。 2.What is particularly striking about the study is that it reveals how people's perception of time is shaped by the digital environment in which they are constantly exposed to infinite information flows. 【分析】①确定主干——先找谓语动词:is(主句谓语)、reveals(宾语从句谓语)、is shaped(宾语从句中的宾语从句谓语)。主语:What is particularly striking about the study(主语从句);主句主干:What...is that...(主系表结构);第一个宾语从句主干:it reveals how...(主谓宾结构);第二个宾语从句主干:people's perception of time is shaped(主谓被动结构)。 ②找关联词、辨逻辑——关联词依次为that(引导表语从句,解释主语的内容)、how(引导宾语从句,作reveals的宾语)、in which(引导定语从句,修饰先行词the digital environment,相当于where)。 ③分析附属成分——particularly striking(定语,修饰what)、about the study(定语,限定范围)、by the digital environment(状语,表被动的动作执行者)、in which...information flows(定语从句,补充说明digital environment的特点)、constantly(状语,修饰exposed)、to infinite information flows(状语,补充exposed的对象)。 ④难点解析——perception为名词“感知”,由动词perceive变形而来;be shaped by为固定搭配“被……塑造”;infinite表示“无限的、海量的”,属于高考高频词;定语从句in which的拆分是翻译关键,需转化为汉语的短句“在这种环境中”。 【句意】这项研究最引人注目的地方在于,它揭示了人们对时间的感知是如何被数字环境塑造的——在这种环境中,人们不断接触到海量的信息流。 考点二 简单句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述: 句子只有一套主谓结构(只有一个谓语动词),没有从句,之所以变长变难,是因为叠加了大量修饰成分:介词短语、非谓语动词(to do /doing/done)、形容词短语、同位语、插入语等,用来修饰主语、宾语、状语,容易掩盖句子主干。 知识点2 解题技巧:剥离所有修饰成分,只保留主谓(宾)。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查简单句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.Many tourists from different countries walking along the narrow coastal road hope to explore the ancient cultural sites in Peru. ①主干(唯一一套主谓):Many tourists hope to explore the ancient cultural sites ②修饰成分: ① from different countries(介词短语后置修饰 tourists) ② walking along the narrow coastal road(现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 tourists) ③翻译:许多来自不同国家、行走在狭长沿海公路上的游客都希望去探访秘鲁的古文化遗址。 2.Adam, a new freshman at senior high school, with careful planning and hard work, finally got a chance to join the volunteer club. ①主干(唯一一套主谓):主干:Adam finally got a chance; ②补充成分:其余均为插入语、介词短语修饰。 ③翻译:亚当是高中一年级的新学生,通过周密规划和不懈努力,终于获得了加入志愿者俱乐部的机会。 3.Self-discipline, as far as I am concerned, enables teenagers and youngsters to achieve greater success. ①主干(唯一一套主谓):主干:Self-discipline enables teenagers and youngsters to achieve greater success. ②补充成分:as far as I am concerned插入语 ③翻译:就我而言,自律能够帮助青少年取得更大的成功。 4.Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures. ①主干(唯一一套主谓):主干:Astrophysicists are closing in on such structures. ②定语成分:working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments ③翻译:利用南极地面探测器及气球搭载仪器开展研究的天体物理学家已逐渐锁定这类结构的存在。 5.(2025全国乙卷阅读D篇) Unlike traditional museums that focus on displaying rare artifacts, the new interactive museums aim to engage visitors through immersive experiences, allowing them to participate in the reconstruction of historical scenarios rather than just observe them. ①主干(唯一一套主谓):the new interactive museums aim to engage visitors(主谓宾结构) ②修饰成分:关联词that(引导定语从句,修饰traditional museums);并列连词rather than(连接participate和observe,表对比关系);介词unlike(引导比较状语,将传统博物馆与新型博物馆对比)。 ③翻译:与专注于展示稀有文物的传统博物馆不同,新型互动博物馆旨在通过沉浸式体验吸引游客,让他们参与历史场景的重建,而不仅仅是观摩。 考点三 并列句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述:由并列连词(and, but, so, or, for, while 等)连接两个或多个独立的简单句,每个分句都有自己独立的主谓结构。句子难点在于:多个分句层层罗列,同时每个分句内部又带有各类修饰短语,信息量大,容易分不清分句边界。 知识点2 解题技巧:先找并列连词,切分各个独立分句,再分别找每个分句主干。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查并列句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team, but the coach told me I was not skilled enough, so I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead. ①并列连词:but、so,切分为三个并列分句: 分句 1:I wanted to sign up for advanced literature and join the school football team 分句 2:the coach told me I was not skilled enough 分句 3:I chose to take part in a volunteer club instead ②说明:三个分句地位平等,无主从关系;第二个分句内部嵌套了省略引导词的宾语从句,属于分句内小修饰。 ③翻译:我原本想报名高级文学课程并加入校足球队,可教练说我的技术还不够好,于是我转而加入了一家志愿者社团。 2.(2025 · 全国 II 卷 )Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did. ①并列连词: yet 连接转折并列分句,表“然而、仍”。 ②说明: Every time 引导【时间状语从句】,意为“每当……时”; how to pronounce my name 为【疑问词 + 不定式】结构,作 explain 的宾语;the way I did 为【方式状语从句】,省略关系词(the way = in which)。 ③翻译:每次我做自我介绍时,都得教别人念我的名字至少五遍,可他们依然无法像我那样正确发音。 3.(2026·武汉市四月考试)And the most powerful way to shape someone's choices is by gaining their trust — every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate. (1)并列连词:并列复合句,破折号相当于分号 (2)说明: 主句部分:And the most powerful way to shape someone's choices is by gaining their trust 这是一个主系表结构的简单句: 主语:the most powerful way,其中to shape someone's choices是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰way,说明“这种方式是用来影响他人选择的”。 系动词:is 表语:by gaining their trust,介词短语作表语,说明“最有效的方式具体是获得他人信任”。 (3)破折号后的补充说明部分:every model is a memory, trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us, and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate 这部分是对主句内容的扩展解释,包含多个嵌套结构: 1.核心分句:every model is a memory 2.主系表结构,点明“每个模型都是一种记忆体”,是补充说明的总起。 3.过去分词短语作后置定语:trained not just on data that help anticipate what we want, but also how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us 4.逻辑主语是every model,说明模型的训练特点,其中包含not just...but also...(不仅……还……)的平行结构: ① 第一个平行成分:on data that help anticipate what we want on data说明训练的基础;that help anticipate what we want是定语从句修饰data;从句中又嵌套了宾语从句what we want,作anticipate的宾语。 ② 第二个平行成分:(on data that teach) how to answer in ways that comfort us and confirm us(省略了与前文重复的on data that teach) how to answer...是宾语结构,说明训练的另一内容;in ways that comfort us and confirm us中,that comfort us and confirm us是定语从句修饰ways,说明回答的方式特点。 5.结果状语分句:and in doing so, they manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate 6.in doing so指代前文模型的训练逻辑;they指代every model;manage to maximize engagement and avoid debate是谓语+宾语结构,说明模型这么做的最终目的,其中maximize engagement和avoid debate是并列的动作。 整体来看,句子通过破折号连接,先提出核心观点“获得信任是影响他人选择的最有效方式”,再用AI模型的运作逻辑来具体解释这个观点,结构层层嵌套,逻辑清晰。 ④翻译: 而塑造他人选择的最有力方式就是赢得他们的信任——每个模型都是一段记忆,它不仅基于有助于预测我们想要什么的数据进行训练,还基于如何以让我们感到舒适和认可的方式回答,通过这样做,它们设法最大限度地提高参与度并避免争论。 考点四 复合句中的长难句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 概述 由主句 + 一个或多个从句构成,存在主次关系。从句依附主句,不能独立成句,分为三大类:定语从句、名词性从句(宾语 / 主语 / 表语 / 同位语从句)、状语从句。难点在于从句多层嵌套,从句中再套从句,外加非谓语、介词短语修饰,极易混淆主句主谓。 知识点2 解题技巧:先锁定主句主谓,再逐个拆分嵌套从句,明确从句修饰对象。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查复合句中的长难句 分析句子结构并翻译 1.I believe that the travelling experience which we will gain in Peru will help us become more confident people who dare to explore unknown things in our life. ①主句:I believe… ②第一层:that 引导宾语从句(作 believe 的宾语) 宾语从句主干:the travelling experience will help us become more confident people ③第二层:which we will gain in Peru 定语从句,修饰先行词 the travelling experience ④第三层:who dare to explore unknown things in our life 定语从句,修饰先行词 people ⑤翻译:我相信我们即将在秘鲁收获的旅行经历,会让我们成为更自信、敢于探索人生未知事物的人。 2.(2026·全国I卷) I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. ①主句:I decided ... and started ... ②第一层:谓语动词“decided”后接由“that”引导的宾语从句“that I wanted to learn as many words as I could”,其中“as many words as I could”为比较结构,表示“尽可能多的单词”。“started”后接动名词短语“marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress”作宾语。 ③第二层:“I looked up”是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰“every entry”;“with a pencil”是方式状语;“to measure my progress”是不定式短语作目的状语,说明做标记的目的。 ④翻译:那时我下定决心,要尽可能多地积累词汇,于是每查一个词条,就用铅笔在旁边做上标记,以此记录自己的学习进度。 考点五 并列复合句(高频混合类) 知●识●解●构 知识点1 很多长难句是「并列句 + 复合句」的结合,既存在并列连词,又有主从嵌套,属于前两类的混合。 知识点2 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法:先读懂并列复合句,再看主从复合句 考●向●破●译 考向 考查高频混合类 1.If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English — William, the Conqueror. 【分析】 首先找到并列连词but,推知:If you ask ... “Webster”为but连接的第一分句,“none of these men ... the Conqueror”为第二分句;第一分句中含if引导的条件状语从句,从句中又含有who引导的定语从句;第二分句中含who引导的定语从句。 【句意】若你请人们列举对英语发展影响最大的一个人,答案往往会是“莎士比亚”、“塞缪尔·约翰逊”或“韦伯斯特”,但与那位甚至不会说英语的威廉——征服者相比,这些人根本无法相提并论。 2.When we talk about environmental protection, we often forget that the small actions we take every day, such as turning off lights when leaving a room, can make a big difference to the planet. 【分析】 第一步:找主干:主干为 “we often forget that...”(我们常忘记……)。 “when we talk about environmental protection” 为时间状语从句。 第二步:拆分内层从句 “that” 引导宾语从句(作 forget 的宾语):that the small actions... can make a big difference; “we take every day” 为省略 that 的定语从句(修饰 small actions),“such as turning off lights...” 为插入语(举例说明 small actions)。 第三步:整合逻辑 外层状语:谈论环保时; 主干:我们常忘记一件事; 内层宾语从句:日常小行动(如离开房间关灯)能对地球产生大影响; 【句意】谈论环保时,我们常忘记,像离开房间关灯这样的日常小行动,其实能对地球产生大影响。 3.Only by understanding the historical background of the event, which has been discussed in many academic papers, can we truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time. 【分析】 第一步:处理特殊句式(倒装) 标志词 “Only by...” 置于句首,句子倒装,还原语序:We can truly grasp the meaning behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time only by understanding the historical background of the event...; 第二步:找主干,排除修饰 还原后主干:We can truly grasp the meaning(我们能真正理解含义); 修饰成分:“behind the decisions made by the leaders at that time”(介词短语 + 过去分词作定语,修饰 meaning)、“by understanding the historical background of the event”(方式状语,说明 “理解” 的途径)。 第三步:处理插入语 插入语 “which has been discussed in many academic papers” 为非限制性定语从句(修饰 historical background),补充 “该历史背景已在多篇学术论文中讨论过”; 【句意】只有理解(已在多篇学术论文中讨论过的)事件历史背景,我们才能真正理解当时领导人所做决策背后的含义。 考点六 分析长难句的常用技巧 知●识●解●构 知识点1 处理特殊句式:还原语序,简化理解 倒装、强调、虚拟等特殊句式通过改变正常语序增强表达效果,解题核心是 “还原为陈述句语序”,再按常规方法拆解。 ①倒装句:找准标志,还原主谓 高频标志:“Only + 状语” 置于句首、“Not only” 置于句首、否定副词(Never/Nowhere)置于句首、虚拟语气省略 if(Had/Were/Should 提前)。 【举例1】 Had it not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down. 【分析】 识别标志:“Had it not been for” 为 “if it had not been for” 的倒装结构(虚拟语气省略 if); 还原语序:If it had not been for the timely financial support from the local community, the small theater would have been forced to close down; 主干提炼:The small theater would have been forced to close down(这家小剧院早就被迫关闭了); 逻辑补充:还原后的条件状语从句明确 “关闭” 的假设前提,理解难度大幅降低。 【举例2】 Not only does the book provide historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity. 【分析】 识别标志:“Not only” 置于句首,主句倒装(助动词 does 提前); 还原语序:The book not only provides historical facts, but it also challenges readers to rethink their understanding of cultural identity; 主干提炼:The book provides historical facts and challenges readers(这本书提供历史事实并促使读者思考)。 ②强调句:去掉框架,回归主干 高频标志:“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”,去掉标志词后句子仍完整。 【举例】 It was through persistent efforts and teamwork that the research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant. 【分析】 识别标志:“It was... that” 强调框架,被强调部分为 “through persistent efforts and teamwork”(方式状语); 还原语序:The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence of the rare plant through persistent efforts and teamwork; 主干提炼:The research team managed to decode the genetic sequence(研究团队成功破译了基因序列)。去掉强调框架后,句子主干清晰,被强调的 “方式状语” 可作为细节补充理解。 知识点2 插入语处理:跳读分隔,聚焦主干 插入语是插入句子中间、补充说明背景 / 态度 / 解释的成分,常以 “逗号”“破折号”“括号” 为标志,不影响主干结构。解题时可先 “跳读” 插入语,锁定主干后再回头理解补充信息,避免被分隔成分干扰逻辑。 ▲高频插入语类型 短语类:however, in fact, for example, on the contrary(表转折 / 举例 / 对比); 从句类:I believe, we think, they argue(表观点); 名词短语类:a famous scientist, the capital of France(补充身份 / 属性)。 【举例】 The new policy, which many experts believe will promote sustainable development, is expected to be implemented next year. 【分析】 识别插入语:“which many experts believe will promote sustainable development” 为非限制性定语从句作插入语,前后用逗号分隔; 跳读插入语,找主干:排除插入语后,句子简化为 “The new policy is expected to be implemented next year”,主干清晰(新政策预计明年实施); 补充插入语:该从句解释 “新政策的作用”(许多专家认为能促进可持续发展),不影响主干理解,可后续补充。 【举例2】 Online learning, contrary to what some people think, does not necessarily reduce the quality of education. 【分析】 识别插入语:“contrary to what some people think” 为介词短语作插入语,表对比; 跳读插入语,找主干:Online learning does not necessarily reduce the quality of education(在线学习未必会降低教育质量); 补充插入语:插入语说明 “与部分人观点相反”,明确句子立场,不改变主干逻辑。 知识点3 虚拟语气拆解:明确假设,还原真实语义 虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议,常通过特殊的谓语动词形式(如过去式、had done、would do 等)体现。拆解时需先判断虚拟语气的类型(对现在、过去、将来的虚拟),明确假设的时间背景,再还原其背后的真实语义,避免误解句子核心意图。虚拟语气类型及标志: 虚拟类型 时间背景 主句谓语形式 从句谓语形式 对现在虚拟 与当前事实相反 would/could/might + do 过去式(be 动词用 were) 对过去虚拟 与过去事实相反 would/could/might + have done had + done 对将来虚拟 对未来的假设(可能性小) would/could/might + do 过去式 /should + do /were to + do 【举例1】 If I had known about the traffic jam in advance, I would not have missed the important meeting this morning. 【分析】: 判断虚拟类型:从句谓语 “had known”(had + done),主句谓语 “would not have missed”(would + have done),可确定为 “对过去虚拟”; 明确假设与事实:假设 “提前知道堵车”,而真实情况是 “并未提前知道”;主句假设 “没错过会议”,真实情况是 “已经错过会议”; 主干提炼:I would not have missed the important meeting(我本不会错过这场重要会议); 补充逻辑:通过虚拟语气强调 “因未提前知晓堵车而错过会议” 的遗憾,理解时需结合真实语义,避免按字面意思误判。 【举例2】 It is high time that we took effective measures to protect the endangered species before they disappear forever. 【分析】 判断虚拟类型:“It is high time that...” 为固定虚拟句式,从句谓语需用 “过去式”,表示 “对现在 / 将来的建议”,暗含 “该做却未做” 的含义; 明确语义:字面意为 “我们该采取有效措施保护濒危物种”,深层语义是 “目前尚未采取足够措施,急需行动”; 主干提炼:We took effective measures to protect the endangered species(我们采取有效措施保护濒危物种);此处 “took” 非过去时,而是虚拟语气标志,不可按常规时态理解为 “过去采取措施”。 考点七 分析长难句的步骤方法 知●识●解●构 知识点 方法步骤: ☑ 第一步:找主谓,定主干 任何句子都有主语和谓语,这是句子的核心。首先找出句子的主语和谓语动词,确定句子的主干结构。注意:主语可能被定语从句或插入语隔开,谓语可能是复合谓语(情态动词+动词、助动词+动词等)。 ☑ 第二步:划从句,辨类型 找出句中的从句,判断其类型(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句)。从句通常由连接词引导,如that, which, who, what, when, where, why, how, if, whether等。 ☑ 第三步:析修饰,明关系 分析句中的修饰成分,包括定语(形容词、名词、代词、从句、短语等)和状语(副词、介词短语、从句等)。明确各修饰成分与被修饰词之间的关系,理清句子的层次结构。 ☑ 第四步:除干扰,抓核心 排除插入语、同位语、分隔结构等干扰成分,抓住句子的核心信息。插入语通常用逗号或破折号隔开,可以先跳过不看,理解核心句后再回看补充。 ☑第五步:整句意,通翻译 将分析结果整合,理解整句含义,按照中文表达习惯进行翻译。注意:翻译时要调整语序,将英语的后置定语、状语等转换为中文的前置修饰。 考●向●破●译 考向 按部就班分析长难句 1. (2026·安徽滁州二模)Though she'd never used a computer, she showed a keen interest in the device because she knew people who had one, and she believed that if she didn't keep up with technology, she'd one day find herself in a computerized kitchen, unable to open a can of soup. 【第一步】找主谓宾:主语是she,谓语是showed a keen interest in。宾语the device 【第二步】划从句:连词 Though 引导让步状语从句,连词 because 引导原因状语从句;在该从句中,含有并列连词 and 连接的两个分句,前一分句中含有连词 who 引导的定语从句;后一分句中,含有连词 that 引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中含有 if 引导的条件状语从句。 【第三步】析修饰: unable to open a can of soup  为形容词短语作 伴随状语。 【第四步】整句意:虽然她从未使用过电脑,但她对这种设备表现出浓厚兴趣——因为她认识一些拥有电脑的人,并且坚信如果自己不跟上科技发展步伐,有朝一日就会发现自己身处一个完全计算机化的厨房中,连一罐汤都打不开。 2.(2025·浙江 1 月,B) Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility, ”where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume-even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. 【第一步】找主谓宾:she recommends applying a well-known concept... 【第二步】划从句:where 为从属连词,引导定语从句;在这个定语从句中,并列连词 and 连接两个并列句;在第二个分句中,what 和 how much 引导宾语从句;even if 引导让步状语从句。 【第三步】析修饰: called the "Division of Responsibility,"  为过去分词短语作 后置定语,修饰 a well-known concept。 【第四步】整句意:相反,她建议采用营养学界广为人知的“责任分工”概念:父母在固定时间为孩子提供多种主要健康的食物,而孩子则自行决定想吃什么、吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃更多的饼干而非胡萝卜。 考点八 句子成分思维建模 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:夯实基础——掌握五种基本句型(主谓、主谓宾、主谓表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补),明确七种句子成分(主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表)。 ✅ 技巧2:判断句子类型——区分简单句、并列句、主从复合句(含名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)或并列复合句。 ✅ 技巧3:锁定主干——先确定谓语动词(注意区分谓语与非谓语),找出对应的主语,剥离定语、状语、从句等“枝叶”成分,提炼句子核心主干。 ✅ 技巧4:辨析逻辑——提取主干后,定位关联词(并列连词如and、but,从属连词如that、which、when等),明确分句间的逻辑关系(并列、转折、条件、因果等)。 ✅ 技巧5:拆解附属成分——分清主句与从句(或并列分句)后,逐一分析各部分的附属成分(如定语修饰哪个名词、状语表时间/地点/原因等)。 ✅ 技巧6:翻译重组——遵循“英语长句拆分为汉语短句”的原则,调整语序,使翻译结果逻辑清晰、语句通顺。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(分析长难句) 1.(2026·全国I卷)The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 【分析】这是一个包含后置定语、宾语从句、条件状语从句和并列结构的复合句。句子主干为“The research ... found that ...”。主语“The research”后由逗号隔开的过去分词短语“carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions”作后置定语,修饰主语。谓语“found”后接由“that”引导的宾语从句,该宾语从句本身结构复杂:句首“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings”为条件状语从句;其后是由“and”连接的两个并列主句。第一个主句为“isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%”;第二个主句为“resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%”,此处省略了谓语“will go up”,补全为“resulting summer ozone levels will go up by as much as 30%”,其中“as much as 30%”表示上升幅度。 【句意】这项由哥伦比亚气候学校及其他机构科学家进行的研究发现,如果该市在新种植中保持过去的树种模式,未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%,由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将增加高达30%。 2.(2026·全国I卷) Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. 【分析】这是一个由冒号引出解释说明、包含并列对比结构和定语从句的复合句。句子主干为“Participants were randomly divided into two groups”。冒号后的内容具体说明“two groups”,由表示对比的连词“while”连接两个并列分句。第一个分句的主干为“the ‘beauty’ group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object”,其中“to actively consider ... and then rate ...”是不定式短语作主语补足语,“they viewed”是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰“each object”。第二个分句的主干为“the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself”,其中“a line drawing of the object”是宾语,“match ... with ...”为固定搭配。 【句意】参与者被随机分为两组:“美感”组被要求积极思考并评价每件物品的美感,而对照组仅需将物品的线条图与艺术品本身进行匹配。 3.(2026·全国I卷)Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 【分析】这是一个由冒号引出解释说明、包含比较状语从句的复合句。句首“Among those”是介词短语作范围状语。冒号前的主干为“the effect was greater”。冒号后的内容具体解释这一效应如何更大,其主干为“those ... scored over 25% higher ... than those ...”。主语“those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group”中,“with an artistic hobby”和“in the beauty group”均为介词短语作后置定语,层层修饰“those”。谓语“scored”后接“over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking”作状语,说明得分高出的幅度、平均情况和方面。“than those with an artistic hobby in the control group”为比较状语从句(省略了谓语“scored”),与主句主语形成对比。 【句意】在这些有艺术爱好的人中,效果更为显著:“美感”组成员在抽象思维上的平均得分比对照组成员高出25%以上。 4.(2026·全国I卷)Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. 【分析】这是一个包含范围状语、插入语和比较状语从句省略的复合句。句首“Across all participants”是介词短语作范围状语。句子主干为“those ... reported ... higher levels ... than the control group”。主语“those in the beauty group”中,“in the beauty group”是介词短语作后置定语。谓语“reported”后接名词短语“an average of 23% higher levels of ‘transformative and self-transcendent feelings’”作宾语,其中“of ‘transformative and self-transcendent feelings’”是介词短语作后置定语,修饰“levels”。破折号之间的“such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired”是插入成分,举例说明前述感受。“than the control group”是比较状语从句的省略形式(补全为“than those in the control group reported”),与主句主语形成对比。 【句意】在所有参与者中,“美感”组报告的“变革性和超越自我的感受”(如感动、顿悟和启发)水平平均比对照组高出23%。 5.(2026·全国I卷) Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 【分析】这是一个包含评注性状语、动名词宾语、比较状语省略、现在分词状语和强调句型的复合句。句子主干为“the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group”。句首“Importantly, however”是副词和连词作评注性状语,表示转折和强调。“feeling any happier than the control group”是动名词短语作“report”的宾语,其中“than the control group”为比较状语从句的省略形式(补全为“than the control group did”)。逗号后的“suggesting that ...”是现在分词短语作结果状语,其逻辑主语为前面整个主句所表述的情况。该状语中“that”引导的宾语从句“it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience”包含一个强调句型“it was ... that ...”,强调主语“the engagement with beauty”;“rather than any overall positivity from the experience”则引出被排除的并列对比项,说明影响抽象思维的是对美的投入,而非体验带来的整体愉悦感。 【句意】然而重要的是,“美感”组并未报告比对照组感到更快乐,这表明影响抽象思维的正是这种对美的投入,而非体验带来的整体积极情绪。 6.(2026·全国I卷)By using machine learning and advanced algorithms (算法), these institutions are creating personalized visitor journeys, protecting delicate collections, and revealing hidden stories. 【句意】通过运用机器学习和高级算法,这些机构正在打造个性化的参观路线,保护精美的藏品,并揭示鲜为人知的故事。 【分析】这是一个包含方式状语和并列谓语的简单句。句子主干为“these institutions are creating ..., protecting ..., and revealing ...”。句首“By using machine learning and advanced algorithms”是介词短语作方式状语,说明实现动作的手段。三个并列谓语由“and”连接,与助动词“are”构成现在进行时,宾语分别为“personalized visitor journeys”“delicate collections”和“hidden stories”。 7.(2026·全国I卷)Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. 【分析】这是一个包含举例说明、目的状语和结果状语的简单句。句子主干为“Smart recommendation engines analyze data ... to suggest specific exhibits and events”。“such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior”是介词短语作后置定语,举例说明“data”。“to suggest specific exhibits and events”是不定式短语作目的状语,说明分析数据的目的。句末“making each visit unique and surprising”是现在分词短语作结果状语,表示前面一系列动作带来的自然结果。 【句意】智能推荐引擎分析展品热度、游客过往参观记录等数据,为游客推荐特色展品与活动,让每一次参观都新奇独特。 8.(2026·全国I卷)AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 【分析】这是一个包含插入举例成分和非限制性定语从句的复合句。句子主干为“AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay”。“such as cracks or discoloration”是由“such as”引导的短语,作插入语,举例说明“signs of decay”。逗号后的“which are often invisible to the human eye”是关系代词“which”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“the slightest signs of decay”,补充说明这些细微迹象往往为人眼所难以察觉。 【句意】人工智能能够识别裂纹、褪色等人眼难以察觉的细微破损痕迹。 9.(2026·全国I卷) Sure, my friends and I loved to complain about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere; however, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m convinced that it took leaving our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 【分析】这是一个由分号连接的并列复合句,包含评注性状语、宾语从句、时间状语从句和形式主语结构。第一个分句主干为“my friends and I loved to complain about ...”,其中“how bored we were in the middle of nowhere”是how引导的宾语从句,作“complain about”的宾语;句首“Sure”为评注性状语,表示让步认可。第二个分句由连接副词“however”转折引入,主干为“I’m convinced that ...”;“as I finish up my junior year of college”为时间状语从句。在that引导的宾语从句中,“it took leaving our small town to realize ...”使用了“it takes + 宾语 + 不定式”结构,“it”为形式主语,真正主语为不定式短语“to realize ...”,谓语“took”的宾语是动名词短语“leaving our small town”。“realize”后接由“and”连接的两个并列宾语从句:“how much we actually loved it”和“what exactly we loved about it”。 【句意】当然,我和朋友们总爱抱怨我们在偏僻之地生活有多么无聊;然而,在我即将结束大学三年级学业之际,我确信,正是离开了我们的小镇,我们才意识到自己有多么热爱它,以及我们究竟热爱它的什么。 10.(2026·全国I卷) I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction. 【分析】这是一个由“and”连接的并列复合句,包含定语从句、宾语从句和让步状语从句。句子主干为“I am grateful for the experience ... and know that ...”。第一个分句“I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up”中,“that I had growing up”是定语从句修饰“experience”。第二个分句“know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction”中,“that”引导宾语从句,该宾语从句本身包含一个由“wherever”引导的让步状语从句“wherever my next adventure takes me”,其主句为“I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction”,其中不定式短语“to lead me in the right direction”作宾语补足语。 【句意】我感恩成长中的那段经历,也深知无论我以后将去何方,我相信我的小镇根脉会指引我走向正确的方向。 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题27 长难句分析(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题27 长难句分析(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题27 长难句分析(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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