内容正文:
Unit 4 Life is beautiful --- 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能够正确使用动词-ing形式作主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾语补足语。
2. 能够正确使用动词-ed形式作形容词。
3. 能够区分动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作形容词时的不同含义。
4. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇(attractive, compare, expect, pity, satisfaction, encouragement等)。
5. 能够理解如何过有意义的生活并描述对自己有影响的人。
学习重点
1. 动词-ing形式在句中的多种功能(主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补)。
2. 动词-ed形式作形容词的用法。
3. 动词-ing形容词与动词-ed形容词的区别(主动/被动含义)。
4. 描述人生意义和贡献的表达。
学习难点
1. 动词-ing形式作主语时谓语动词用单数。
2. 动词-ing作宾语补足语与动词原形作宾补的区别(感官动词后)。
3. 动词-ing形容词(令人……的)与动词-ed形容词(感到……的)的区分。
4. 在语境中准确选用动词-ing或动词-ed形式。
02 核心词汇预览
1. attractive adj. 吸引人的
2. pity n. 遗憾
3. bear v. 结(果实),开(花);生(孩子)
4. compare v. 比较,对比
5. expect v. 期待,期望
6. unlike prep. 不像,与……不同
7. satisfaction n. 满意,满足
8. satisfying adj. 令人满意的
9. excited adj. 兴奋的,激动的
10. interested adj. 感兴趣的
11. satisfied adj. 满意的
12. worried adj. 担心的,焦虑的
13. tired adj. 疲倦的,累的
14. amazed adj. 大为惊奇的
15. annoyed adj. 恼怒的,烦恼的
16. encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的
17. exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
18. interesting adj. 有趣的
19. satisfying adj. 令人满意的
20. worrying adj. 令人担忧的
21. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的
22. annoying adj. 令人恼怒的
23. digitalize v. 使(信息)数字化
24. devote v. 献身,致力,专心
25. contribution n. 贡献
26. treasure n. 珍宝,财富
27. ordinary adj. 普通的,平凡的
28. purpose n. 目的,目标
29. unique adj. 独特的,唯一的
30. meaningful adj. 有意义的
31. achieve v. 实现,达到
32. influence v. 影响
33. damage v. 损害,损坏
34. protect v. 保护
35. digital adj. 数字的
03 核心短语预览
1. a couple of 几个;一对
2. compare with 与……比较
3. dig out 挖掘出;发掘
4. expect of sb 期待某人做某事(或具备某种能力、品质)
5. rob sb of sth 剥夺(某人所需或应得之物)
6. devote...to... 把……奉献给……
7. in one's old age 在某人晚年
8. make a difference 有影响,起作用
9. lend a hand 帮助
10. have a heart full of love 有一颗充满爱的心
11. make up one's mind 下定决心
12. give back 回馈,归还
13. in need 在危难中,在困难中
14. due to 由于,因为
15. fall in love with 爱上
16. at all times 总是,随时,永远
17. in the late 1980s 在20世纪80年代末
04 重点句型预览
1. To give life meaning, one must have a purpose larger than oneself. 要给生命赋予意义,一个人必须有一个比自己更伟大的目标。
2. It's a pity to let it go to waste like that. 那样让它荒废了很可惜。
3. Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let's make it a peanut field. 既然你们都喜欢吃花生,就用它做块花生地吧。
4. "Let's have a party tonight to celebrate," Mother suggested. "我们今晚开个派对吧,"妈妈建议道。
5. Unlike apples and peaches that show their fruits in the air and attract people with their beautiful colours, the peanut plant hides its fruits in the earth. 花生把果实埋在地里,不像苹果和桃子那样把果实高高地挂在枝上,用美丽的颜色吸引人。
6. Until you dig it out, you can't tell by looking at its thin stem whether it bears fruit or not. 你不能从它细细的茎上分辨出它是否结了果,必须挖出来才知道。
7. It's useful, though not very attractive. 它是有用的,虽然不是很吸引人。
8. Do you mean, compared with being useful, looking for attention and praise from others is not that important? 你的意思是,与有用相比,寻求他人的关注和赞扬不那么重要吗?
9. This is what I expect of you. 这就是我对你们的期望。
10. We stayed up late that night and ate all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. 那一晚我们谈到深夜才散,吃光了母亲做的所有花生。
11. Seeing them enjoying the food brings Amy great happiness. 看到他们享受食物给艾米带来了巨大的快乐。
12. Showing kindness to others is an important part of living a good life. 向他人展示善意是过美好生活的重要组成部分。
13. If you're not interested in your job, you'll never love it. 如果你对你的工作不感兴趣,你永远不会爱上它。
14. The boss is satisfied with John's job. 老板对约翰的工作很满意。
15. She was interested in the story. 她对这个故事很感兴趣。
16. She thought the story was interesting. 她认为这个故事很有趣。
17. Anyone interested in Dunhuang is likely to have heard of Fan Jinshi. 任何对敦煌感兴趣的人很可能都听说过樊锦诗。
18. Fan is known to many as the "Daughter of Dunhuang". 樊锦诗被许多人称为"敦煌女儿"。
19. Fan came up with the idea of digitalizing the caves. 樊锦诗提出了将石窟数字化的想法。
20. She led her team to create the "Digital Dunhuang" website in 2016 after more than 30 years of hard work. 她带领团队经过30多年的努力后,在2016年上线了"数字敦煌"网站。
21. She felt it was her duty to protect and serve the needs of her country. 她觉得保护和服务祖国的需要是她的职责。
22. I think we can judge how meaningful our lives are by how many people we help. 我认为我们可以通过我们帮助了多少人来判断我们的生活有多有意义。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:动词-ing形式作主语
【定义】动词-ing形式可以在句中作主语,此时谓语动词用单数形式。
【结构公式】
动词-ing(短语)+ 谓语动词(单数)+ 其他.
例句:Showing kindness to others is an important part of living a good life.
例句:Seeing them enjoying the food brings Amy great happiness.
【要点详解】
动词-ing作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
可以用it作形式主语,将动词-ing形式后置。
例句:It is important to do sth. 但注意:It's a pity to let it go to waste. 这里是动词不定式作真正主语。
【练习1】______ kindness to others is an important part of living a good life.
A. Show B. To show C. Showing D. Shows
【答案】C
【详解】句意:向他人展示善意是过美好生活的重要组成部分。动词-ing形式作主语,用Showing。故选C。
考点2:动词-ing形式作宾语
【定义】动词-ing形式可以在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
【用法分类】
用法一:作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有:enjoy, like, love, mind, finish, keep, practice, suggest, consider等。
例句:She likes cooking dinner for them at weekends.
例句:I enjoy playing chess.
用法二:作介词的宾语
例句:Showing kindness to others is an important part of living a good life.
例句:She has devoted a large part of her life to researching and protecting the ancient Dunhuang caves.
【要点详解】
动词-ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的区别需注意:部分动词(如like, love, hate等)两者均可,但含义略有不同。
【练习1】She enjoys ______ (work) as a dentist.
【答案】working
【详解】句意:她喜欢做牙医的工作。enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填working。
考点3:动词-ing形式作定语
【定义】动词-ing形式可以在句中作定语,修饰名词,表示"令人……的"或表示该名词的功能、用途。
【用法分类】
用法一:表示"令人……的"
修饰事物,表示该事物具有某种特质。
例句:Amy thinks helpfulness is an amazing quality.
例句:I want to do amazing things in my life!
用法二:表示功能或用途
例句:He may be in the reading room.
【要点详解】
动词-ing作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
单个动词-ing作定语放在名词前;动词-ing短语作定语放在名词后。
【练习1】That's an ______ (interest) question.
【答案】interesting
【详解】句意:那是一个有趣的问题。动词-ing形式作定语修饰question,表示"令人感兴趣的"。故填interesting。
考点4:动词-ing形式作表语
【定义】动词-ing形式可以在句中作表语,用于连系动词(如be动词)之后,说明主语的特征。
【结构公式】
主语 + be动词 + 动词-ing(表语).
例句:Seeing is believing.
例句:Her hobby is collecting stamps.
【要点详解】
动词-ing作表语说明主语的特征或性质。
此时动词-ing已具有形容词性质,可以转换为"令人……的"。
【练习1】Her job is ______ (take) care of the patients.
【答案】taking
【详解】句意:她的工作是照顾病人。动词-ing形式作表语,说明主语job的内容。故填taking。
考点5:动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
【定义】 动词-ing形式可以在句中作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语正在进行的动作。此用法常见于感官动词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, catch等)之后。
【结构公式】
感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词-ing(宾补).
例句:Seeing them enjoying the food brings Amy great happiness.
例句:I heard Dad talking about how much he likes his job.
例句:I imagine myself being just like her when I grow up.
【要点详解】
感官动词后接动词-ing作宾补,表示动作正在进行。
感官动词后接动词原形作宾补,表示动作的全过程或经常发生。
例句:I saw him cross the road.(看到了过马路的全过程)
例句:I saw him crossing the road.(看到他正在过马路)
【练习1】I heard Dad ______ (talk) about how much he likes his job.
【答案】talking
【详解】句意:我听到爸爸在谈论他有多喜欢他的工作。hear sb doing sth表示听到某人正在做某事。故填talking。
考点6:动词-ed形式作形容词
【定义】动词-ed形式可以在句中作形容词,放在名词之前或连系动词(如be动词)之后,表示被动或状态。
【结构公式】
(1)作定语:动词-ed + 名词
(2)作表语:主语 + be动词 + 动词-ed(表语)
例句:The surprised look on his face. 他脸上惊讶的表情。
例句:She was interested in the story. 她对故事感兴趣。
【要点详解】
动词-ed作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
动词-ed作表语说明主语所处的状态。
【练习1】The students were all ______ (excite) about the news.
【答案】excited
【详解】句意:学生们都对这个消息感到兴奋。动词-ed形式作表语,说明人的感受。故填excited。
考点7:动词-ing形容词与动词-ed形容词的区别
【定义】动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式都可以作形容词,但含义不同。动词-ing形式表示主动含义——"令人……的";动词-ed形式表示被动含义——"感到……的"。
【用法对比】
动词-ing形容词(主动):修饰事物,表示该事物具有某种特质,使人产生某种感受。
interesting(令人感兴趣的) exciting(令人兴奋的)
surprising(令人惊讶的) satisfying(令人满意的)
boring(令人无聊的) tiring(令人疲倦的)
例句:The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
例句:The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
动词-ed形容词(被动):修饰人,表示人对外界事物产生的内心感受。
interested(感兴趣的) excited(感到兴奋的)
surprised(感到惊讶的) satisfied(感到满意的)
bored(感到无聊的) tired(感到疲倦的)
例句:She is interested in the story. 她对故事感兴趣。
例句:They are excited about the news. 他们对这个消息感到兴奋。
【要点详解】
动词-ing作形容词通常修饰物(或事),表示"令人……的"。
动词-ed作形容词通常修饰人(或人的表情、神情),表示"感到……的"。
例句:He is boring.(他很无聊——指他这个人令别人感到无聊)
He is bored.(他感到无聊——指他自己的感受)
【练习1】The film is very ______ (excite). All the children got ______ (excite) when watching it.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited
C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这部电影非常令人兴奋。所有的孩子在观看时都感到兴奋。第一空修饰film,用exciting;第二空描述孩子的感受,用excited。故选C。
【练习2】Are you ______ (interest) in the ______ (interest) story?
【答案】interested; interesting
【详解】句意:你对这个有趣的故事感兴趣吗?第一空描述人的感受,用interested;第二空修饰story,用interesting。
06 重点归纳
一、动词-ing形式的五大功能
(1)作主语:Reading is important.
(2)作宾语:She enjoys reading.
(3)作定语:She is in the reading room.
(4)作表语:Her hobby is reading.
(5)作宾语补足语:I saw her reading.
二、动词-ed形式作形容词的用法
(1)作定语:the excited children
(2)作表语:The children are excited.
三、动词-ing形容词 vs 动词-ed形容词
(1)动词-ing形容词:修饰事物,表示"令人……的"(主动含义)。
例:The story is interesting.
(2)动词-ed形容词:修饰人(或人的神情),表示"感到……的"(被动含义)。
例:I am interested in the story.
07 过关检测
一、单项选择(共12题)
1. ______ kindness to others is an important part of living a good life.
A. Show B. To show C. Showing D. Shows
2. Seeing them ______ the food brings Amy great happiness.
A. enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoyed
3. She enjoys ______ as a dentist.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
4. That's an ______ question.
A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests
5. Her hobby is ______ stamps.
A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected
6. I heard Dad ______ about how much he likes his job.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked
7. The film is very ______.
A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites
8. All the children got ______ when watching the film.
A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excites
9. Are you ______ in the story?
A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests
10. The story is very ______.
A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests
11. The boss is ______ with John's work.
A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfying D. satisfies
12. She felt it was her duty ______ protect the cultural treasures.
A. to B. for C. of D. at
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共8题)
1. ______ (show) kindness to others is important.
2. She enjoys ______ (work) as a dentist.
3. I heard Dad ______ (talk) about how much he likes his job.
4. The film is very ______ (excite).
5. The children were ______ (excite) about the news.
6. Are you ______ (interest) in the story?
7. The story is very ______ (interest).
8. The boss is ______ (satisfy) with John's work.
三、用动词-ing或动词-ed形式填空(共4题)
1. The news is ______ (surprise). We are all ______ (surprise) at it.
2. The trip was ______ (tire). We all felt ______ (tire).
3. The film is ______ (bore). The children were ______ (bore).
4. The speech was ______ (encourage). The students felt ______ (encourage).
四、完成句子(共6题)
1. 向他人展示善意是过美好生活的重要组成部分。
______ ______ to others is an important part of living a good life.
2. 她喜欢做牙医的工作。
She ______ ______ as a dentist.
3. 这部电影非常令人兴奋。
The film is very ______.
4. 所有的孩子都感到兴奋。
All the children ______ ______.
5. 你对这个故事感兴趣吗?
______ you ______ in the story?
6. 老板对约翰的工作很满意。
The boss is ______ ______ John's work.
五、将下列句子翻译成英文(共4题)
1. 看见他们享受食物给艾米带来了巨大的快乐。
2. 如果你对你的工作不感兴趣,你永远不会爱上它。
3. 任何对敦煌感兴趣的人很可能都听说过樊锦诗。
4. 她感到保护和服务祖国的需要是她的职责。
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C(动词-ing形式作主语,谓语用单数)
2. C(see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事)
3. C(enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语)
4. C(interesting作定语修饰question)
5. C(动词-ing形式作表语)
6. C(hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事)
7. C(exciting作表语,修饰film)
8. B(excited作表语,描述人的感受)
9. B(be interested in对……感兴趣)
10. C(interesting作表语,修饰story)
11. B(be satisfied with对……满意)
12. A(It was her duty to do sth.)
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Showing(动词-ing作主语)
2. working(enjoy后接动词-ing)
3. talking(hear sb doing sth)
4. exciting(修饰film,用-ing形容词)
5. excited(描述人的感受,用-ed形容词)
6. interested(be interested in)
7. interesting(修饰story,用-ing形容词)
8. satisfied(be satisfied with)
三、用动词-ing或动词-ed形式填空
1. surprising; surprised(消息令人惊讶;我们感到惊讶)
2. tiring; tired(旅行令人疲倦;我们感到疲倦)
3. boring; bored(电影令人无聊;孩子们感到无聊)
4. encouraging; encouraged(演讲令人鼓舞;学生们感到受鼓舞)
四、完成句子
1. Showing kindness
2. enjoys working
3. exciting
4. got excited
5. Are; interested
6. satisfied with
五、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. Seeing them enjoying the food brings Amy great happiness.
2. If you're not interested in your job, you'll never love it.
3. Anyone interested in Dunhuang is likely to have heard of Fan Jinshi.
4. She felt it was her duty to protect and serve the needs of her country.
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