精品解析：北京市第一○一中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语

北京一零一中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试 高一英语 （考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：120分） 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，共20分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What will the weather be like tomorrow? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. 2. What kind of sandwich will the woman have? A. The turkey sandwich. B. The chicken sandwich. C. The egg salad sandwich. 3. What will the woman do? A. Buy a birthday gift. B. Have lunch with Phil. C. See a movie with Steve. 4. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired. 第二节（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分） 听下面4段材料。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。 5. What did the man do last weekend? A. He went to a concert. B. He had a hiking trip. C. He visited some friends. 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a park. B. At a music hall. C. At a supermarket. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8题。 7. What does the man think of the French restaurant? A. It’s too far away. B. The price is too high. C. The menu is too old. 8. Why does the man want to eat in? A. He’s in bad mood. B. He’s good at cooking. C. He’s tired of eating out. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10题。 9. Why does the man take part in the race? A. He has a lot of free time. B. He wants to improve his health. C. He is confident about his strength. 10. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Begin with easy exercise. B. Stick to one type of exercise. C. Take part in the race next year. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12题。 11. What does the Louvre Museum offer? A. A short documentary. B. A photo of the Mona Lisa. C. A phone game on its history. 12. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. Online museum tours. B. The history of museums. C. Famous museums around the world. 第三节 听取信息（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面一段独白，完成第13至第16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Help Children Develop Scientific Thinking Explore the world around them ●Encourage children to join in some activities... ● 13 open-ended toys and materials. Do 14 that are right for their age ●Allow children to raise questions. ●Inspire them to 15 their scientific findings. Show children how science is used ●Explain how the things they use work. ●Use 16 examples to teach science at home. 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ____1____: Am I good enough? It was a question that ____2____ me through my first month, even as I settled in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class. I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ____3____ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ____4____ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ____5____ was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it. Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ____6____, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ____7____ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt slowly ____8____. I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ____9____ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ____10____ and I made progress. 1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry 2. A. freed B. guided C. warmed D. dogged 3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm 4. A. Or B. So C. But D. For 5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk 6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. unique 7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork 8. A. popped out B. faded away C. hung on D. built up 9. A. close B. notice C. locate D. create 10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍作者考上全市最好的高中后，内心一直被自我怀疑困扰，担心自己不够优秀；他默默观察同学、内心反复纠结，直到两次考试成绩都很不错，慢慢重建自信，通过额外努力缩小和优秀同学的差距，在持续努力中不断进步。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：我有幸考入全市最好的高中，但随即我的烦恼来了：我足够优秀吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满足；C. anger愤怒；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough?”可知，作者内心产生自我怀疑与担忧。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个问题在入学第一个月一直纠缠着我，即便我慢慢适应了校园生活，习惯了早起，习惯了穿梭在各栋教学楼之间上课。A. freed释放；B. guided指导；C. warmed使温暖；D. dogged纠缠、困扰。根据后文“even as I settled in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class”可知，作者的疑问一直萦绕心头，困扰着他。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：我最早的应对办法是保持沉默，默默观察新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school?”可知，作者在暗中观察同学。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们显然都是全市最聪明的孩子。可我难道不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。根据前文“they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously”及后文“wasn’t I as well”可知，前后句形成转折对比，别人优秀，可自己理应也不差。 【5题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种自我怀疑如同致命细胞，有不断分裂增殖的风险，除非我找到办法停止这种想法。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest兴趣；D. risk风险。根据前文“But then came my  : Am I good enough?”和下文“my doubt slowly ________”可知，作者内心一直充满自我质疑。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，我第一次考试成绩很不错，第二次也是。A. excellent优异的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. unique独特的。根据前文“Fortunately”说明考试成绩很好。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：入学前两年，我慢慢找回了从前在学校时拥有的那份自信。A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence自信；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“But then came my  : Am I good enough?”及“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ”可知，作者深陷自我怀疑，成绩变好后重建自信。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：每一次小小的进步，都让我的疑虑慢慢消散。A. popped out突然出现；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. hung on坚持；D. built up逐步积累。根据前文“With each little achievement”可知，随着不断取得成就，内心的怀疑慢慢褪去。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：我渐渐明白，只要多花时间学习，通常就能缩小差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. locate定位；D. create创造。根据前文“if I put in extra hours of studying”可知，作者意识到只要多花时间学习，就能缩小差距，固定搭配close the gap意为“缩小差距”。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：我不是门门拿 A 的学生，但我始终在努力，并且一直在进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering疑惑；D. suffering受苦。根据前文“if I put in extra hours of studying”及后文“I made progress”可知，作者始终坚持努力学习。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Brad Aronson’s life changed instantly when his wife, Mia, was diagnosed with cancer. For two and a half years, amid the stress and despair of waiting for the ____11____ (treat) to work, they received an outpouring of kindness from friends, family, and even complete strangers. Inspired by this “humankindness”, Brad began writing about those ____12____ rescued his family, but he didn’t stop there. Knowing that small acts of kindness transform lives across the globe, he ____13____ (seek) out these stories and shared some of the best in his book Humankind, which became a best-seller once ____14____ (publish). 【答案】11. treatment 12. who##that 13. sought 14. published 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了布拉德·阿伦森在妻子患癌期间感受到来自各方的善意，受此启发写作并出版了畅销书《Humankind》。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：在等待治疗起效的两年半时间里，在压力和绝望之中，他们收到了来自朋友、家人甚至完全陌生人的大量善意。提示词作宾语，且有定冠词the限定，应用名词形式treatment(治疗)作宾语。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：受到这种“人类善意”的启发，布拉德开始写那些拯救了他家庭的人们，但他并没有就此止步。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指代人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该从句。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：他知道小小的善举在全球各地改变着生活，于是他寻找这些故事，并将其中最好的分享在他的书《Humankind》中，该书一经出版便成为畅销书。seek(寻找)是主句谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系；描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时态，其过去式为sought。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道小小的善举在全球各地改变着生活，于是他寻找这些故事，并将其中最好的分享在他的书《Humankind》中，该书一经出版便成为畅销书。此处作时间状语，publish(出版)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语which(即his book Humankind)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；once published也可看作状语从句的省略结构，相当于once (it was) published。 B 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ever wonder why some habits are nearly impossible to change? In fact, your brain doesn’t distinguish between good habits and bad habits. The process is the same whether you habitually drink water all day or reach for a cigarette when feeling stressed. This explains ____15____ habits involving dopamine-rich rewards like eating sweets can be so hard to break. The reinforcement from dopamine — the pleasure chemical — is why willpower alone isn’t enough. One key insight from habit research is that habits ____16____ (replace) instead of being removed. You need to exchange it ____17____ a better alternative that still gives your brain a reward. 【答案】15. why 16. are replaced 17. for 【解析】 【导语】文章主要解释了为什么坏习惯难以改变，并介绍了改掉坏习惯的正确方法：要用更好的新习惯替代坏习惯，而非直接移除坏习惯。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这就解释了为什么那些能带来多巴胺奖励的习惯比如吃甜食会如此难以改掉。 根据“habits involving dopamine-rich rewards like eating sweets can be so hard to break”可知，此处是指这就解释了为什么那些能带来多巴胺奖励的习惯比如吃甜食会如此难以改掉，应用连接副词why引导宾语从句。 【16题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：习惯研究的一个核心结论是，习惯应该被替代，而非被移除。 根据“instead of being removed”可知，主语habits和动词replace之间是被动关系，此处表述客观研究结论，用一般现在时；主语habits是复数，因此be动词用are。 【17题详解】 考查介词。句意：你需要把旧习惯换成一个仍然能给大脑带来奖励的更好替代。exchange A for B是固定搭配，意为“把A换为B”，符合此处语境要求，所以应用介词for。 C 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Against the background of severe climate issues, China has actively pushed forward the green transition and secured remarkable achievements. So far, China ____18____ (develop) the globe’s largest new energy industrial chain. It supplies 80 percent of the world’s solar panels and 70 percent of global wind power equipment. Beyond its borders, China also helps other developing ____19____ (country) cope with climate risks through South-South cooperation, ____20____ (contribute) to a more stable and inclusive global energy system. For China, the green transition is never a zero-sum game, but rather a new frontier for global cooperation. 【答案】18. has developed 19. countries 20. contributing 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了在全球气候问题严峻的背景下，中国积极推进绿色转型取得突出成就，在建成全球最大新能源产业链的同时，也通过南南合作帮助其他发展中国家应对气候风险，推动构建更稳定包容的全球能源体系，指出绿色转型是全球合作的新领域。 【18题详解】 考查现在完成时与主谓一致。 句意：到目前为止，中国已经建成了全球最大的新能源产业链。 句中时间标志词So far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词；句子主语China是第三人称单数，助动词用has，动词develop的过去分词为developed。 【19题详解】 考查可数名词的单复数。 句意：在境外，中国也通过南南合作帮助其他发展中国家应对气候风险，助力构建更稳定、更包容的全球能源体系。 other意为“其他的”，后接可数名词复数形式；country是可数名词，复数形式为countries，此处developing countries表示“发展中国家”，符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查现在分词。 句意：在境外，中国也通过南南合作帮助其他发展中国家应对气候风险，助力构建更稳定、更包容的全球能源体系。本句已有谓语helps，空格处和谓语之间没有连词，需用非谓语动词；contribute与主句之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词contributing作结果状语。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Seven children line up, awaiting their turn on a slide. As each child rushes down, the ones behind laugh and cheer. Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is offering room for kids to play. The project is the brainchild of 17-year-old Amara Nwuneli, who wants to prove that even in Lagos’ most crowded corners, children can have fun. For Amara, the path to building parks began when a terrible flood struck her hometown in 2020. Heavy rains swallowed entire neighborhoods, leaving thousands of families homeless. “People just said it was government failure or bad luck.” Amara recalls. But, later, she realized it was what was called Nigeria’s “climate apathy”: the tendency to view floods, heat waves, and droughts as isolated incidents rather than consequences of a warming planet. “I wanted to change the mindset,” Amara says. “If people don’t feel connected to nature, they won’t fight to protect it. And I knew that had to start with creating spaces people could actually see and feel.” It was no easy task. Amara first contacted the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities. Eventually, Amara secured a garbage site. She then mobilized a team of artists, volunteers, and small donors to clear the trash and rebuild the site with recycled materials. Three months later, the park opened. Amara is now planning two more parks. She says communities from across the country have been reaching out to her team for advice on how to reclaim abandoned spaces for public use. “That creates a kind of cycle,” Amara reflects. “I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.” 21. What might be a problem Lagos is facing? A. Insufficient public areas. B. Poor garbage management. C. Limited recreational activities. D. Uncontrolled population growth. 22. What quality does Amara demonstrate when completing the project? A. Integrity. B. Optimism. C. Flexibility. D. Confidence. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. It is never too late to act. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. Joy shared is joy doubled. D. Small steps make a big difference. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述17岁的Amara Nwuneli在尼日利亚拉各斯将废弃垃圾场改造为公共游乐公园，为当地儿童提供玩耍空间，同时改变人们对气候变化的冷漠态度，后续带动全国多个社区改造闲置空间为公共用地的故事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is offering room for kids to play. The project is the brainchild of 17-year-old Amara Nwuneli, who wants to prove that even in Lagos’ most crowded corners, children can have fun.(在非洲发展最快的都市之一、人口约1700万的拉各斯，这样的场景十分罕见。但在城市的郊区，一座由垃圾场改造而成的公园为孩子们提供了玩耍的空间。这个项目出自17岁的阿玛拉·恩武内利之手，她希望证明即使在拉各斯最拥挤的角落，孩子们也能玩得开心。)”可知，拉各斯面临公共区域不足的问题。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Amara first contacted the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities.(Amara最初联系拉各斯州政府拿地，但是政府的限制让长期建设无法进行，在走投无路数月后，她转变了策略，开始寻找其他可用空间。)”可知，原有方案行不通时Amara及时改变思路，体现了灵活变通的品质。 【23题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段““That creates a kind of cycle,” Amara reflects. “I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.”(Amara反思道：“这形成了一个循环：我先行动，其他人看到后也会想要行动，众人一起行动，事业就会逐步发展壮大。”)”可知，本文传递的道理是一点点小的行动，最终会汇聚成巨大的改变。 B In recent research, my colleagues and I set out to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying experiences like solving challenging problems. Specifically, we wanted to understand what happens in the brain while a person engages in abstract and demanding thought — so we designed a study involving math expertise. For our study, we selected 22 university students majoring in mathematics, along with 22 students from other disciplines. We asked the students to watch step-by-step presentations that explained how to solve several challenging math problems. Throughout this demonstration, the students wore a cap covered with electrodes (电极) so that we could track electrical activity in their brains. After each presentation, they had to report whether they thought they had understood the presentations and how engaged they felt during the experience. We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶叶) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves. Some recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial role in the cognitive processing that supports deep internal concentration and the relocation of information between distant brain regions. In fact, we suspect that the long-distance delta waves we observed may play a central role whenever people engage in contextual and complex problem-solving. This suggests that engaging brain networks in this way could be useful for many tasks requiring concentration. It’s likely that when people with extensive experience in a task are deeply engaged in that effort, these same delta waves are involved, even as the specific brain networks vary. It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others. These findings suggest a trade-off that people should keep in mind — particularly as artificial intelligence and other tools offer shortcuts for various forms of problem solving. Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask AI to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too. 24. Based on the study results, how do Math majors process challenging math problems differently from non-Math majors? A. They experience less engagement during problem-solving tasks. B. They use more areas of their prefrontal cortex to solve problems. C. They display delta wave activity linking frontal and parietal regions. D. They show slower overall brain activity during complex problem-solving. 25. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s view on the role of “inefficient” work? A. It helps those who are good at subjects like math. B. It improves engagement but has no cognitive benefits. C. It wastes time and resources compared to using technology. D. It allows the brain to build skills that are transferable to other tasks. 26. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Which to Choose: Efficiency or Hard Work? B. What Benefits Us More: AI Tools or Deep Concentration? C. Employing Complex Math Problems to Enhance Delta Waves D. Developing Expertise Improves the Brain’s Ability to Concentrate 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了作者团队开展的一项关于人处理复杂难题时大脑神经机制的研究，对比了数学专业与非数学专业学生的大脑活动差异，揭示了delta波与深度专注的关联，指出深度专注能力可迁移至其他领域，最终探讨了自主努力和人工智能工具的价值。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex, indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves.(我们发现，课程中几乎不涉及数学的学生前额叶皮层有更多复杂活动的迹象，这表明他们在理解复杂数学演示的各个步骤时非常费力。然而，在另一组（数学专业学生）中，我们观测到了连接大脑额叶与顶叶区域的显著活动，更具体地说，这些区域呈现出一种被称为德尔塔波的活动模式。)”可知，数学专业学生处理难题的不同之处就是表现出连接额叶和顶叶的德尔塔波活动。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others.(这种深度专注状态也有可能是可泛化迁移的——尽管我们需要进一步研究确认：在一个领域培养这种思维方式可以帮助你解决其他领域的问题)”以及第五段“Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask AI to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too.(每次我们把问题交给计算器，或让AI来总结一篇论文时，都错失了提升自身技能和锻炼专注力的机会。需要明确的是，技术确实能以重要方式提高我们的效率，但那些看似“低效”的辛勤工作同样具有强大的力量。)”可知，作者认为“低效”工作可以让大脑培养能够迁移到其他任务的技能。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。全文围绕研究结论展开，核心内容是：相较于非专业学生，有数学专长的学生处理复杂问题时大脑会产生支持深度专注的德尔塔波，说明培养专长能够提升大脑的专注能力，且这种能力可迁移，选项D“深耕专业技能能够提升大脑的专注力。”适合作文章标题。 C A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfishes. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything — one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If — like us — the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality. The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicists’ traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe. 27. What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Original. B. Accurate. C. Distant. D. False. 28. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics. C. The conventional insight of reality. D. The existence of the material world. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered. B. An external world is independent of the observers. C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints. D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better. 30. According to the passage, the author may agree that . A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one 【答案】27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 【解析】 【导语】文章以意大利蒙扎市禁止用弧形鱼缸饲养金鱼的规定引入，围绕“我们如何确定自身感知到的现实是真实的”这一哲学问题展开讨论，提出不同视角会形成不同的现实理论，宇宙本身可能就允许多种合理的现实描述。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality(因为弧形的缸壁会给鱼带来对现实扭曲的认知)”，结合文章第四段“because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path(由于光从空气进入水中会发生折射，我们观察到沿直线运动的物体，在金鱼看来是沿曲线运动的)”可知，金鱼在弧形鱼缸中看到的景象与真实情况不符，因此划线单词distorted表示“扭曲的、不真实的”。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“In philosophy, that belief is called realism.(在哲学中，这种信念被称为实在论。)”可知，第二段主要是介绍“实在论”这一传统理念。前文“For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything — one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality.(几十年来，他们一直在追寻一种万物终极理论——一套完整且一致的自然基本定律，能够解释现实世界的方方面面。)”和“It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept.(如今看来，这种追求可能不会产生单一理论，而是形成一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述着自己版本的现实，仿佛它们正通过各自的鱼缸来观察宇宙。这一概念对许多人来说可能难以接受。)”通过传统观念和新发现的对比，引出对于传统观念的理解，最后两句“Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.(大多数人认为，外部存在一个客观的现实，而我们的感官和科学能够直接传递有关物质世界的信息。在哲学中，这种信念被称为实在论。)”点题表明，第二段主要是介绍对现实的常规认知。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl.(金鱼可以从自己的参考系中总结出始终成立的科学定律，还能依靠这些定律预测缸外物体的未来运动。)”，以及最后一段“The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts.(金鱼的例子说明同样的物理场景可以用不同方式建模，每种方式使用不同的基本元素和概念。)”可知，所处的视角不同，形成的理论也会不同，即人们的理论会受到自身观点的影响。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicists’ traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe.(可能我们需要在不同场景使用不同理论来描述宇宙，这不符合物理学家对自然理论的传统预期，也不符合我们日常对现实的认知，但这可能就是宇宙本身的运行方式。)”可知，作者认可对宇宙的多种不同解释，认为这些不同解读都是合理可接受的。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Music Helps Ease Pain in Hospitals Nurse Rod Salaysay uses various instruments in his work — not only medical tools but also his guitar and ukulele. In the recovery unit, he helps patients manage pain after surgery. Along with medicine, he plays music or sings at their request. ____31____ His performances often lead to patients smiling or nodding along. Sometimes, their heart rates and blood pressure even improve, and some need less pain medication. Music’s pain-relieving effect — called music-induced analgesia — is now being studied scientifically. No one claims music can take away severe pain entirely, though. ____32____ “There’s often a cycle of worry, pain, and anxiety in a hospital,” Salaysay said. “But music can help break that cycle.” ____33____ Over recent decades, live and prerecorded music have entered more hospitals as research explores how music affects pain. What makes music effective against pain? “Pain is created by physical sensation, our thoughts about it, and our emotional reaction,” explained psychologist Adam Hanley. Music acts as a distraction, pulling attention away from discomfort. ____34____ Familiar and well-liked music tends to work best because it activates emotions and memories more strongly. ____35____ A study from the Netherlands tested five music genres and found no single type was most effective — what mattered was that listeners enjoyed the music. Another study found that letting people choose their own music increased pain tolerance. Focused listening, rather than treating music as background noise, also improves the effect. A. But it does more — it engages the brain broadly, changing the pain experience. B. He is not alone in using music as a form of therapy (治疗). C. However, the music must be soft and slow to have any real effect. D. Patients usually prefer modern pop songs to classical music. E. It’s not just about distraction — patient choice and active listening matter too. F. His song choices include folk music in different languages and pieces from classical and soundtracks. G. Recent research suggests music can reduce how much pain people feel or increase their ability to tolerate it. 【答案】31. F 32. G 33. B 34. A 35. E 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍音乐能够帮助医院病人缓解疼痛，并分析其原理与发挥效果的关键因素。 【31题详解】 前文“In the recovery unit, he helps patients manage pain after surgery. Along with medicine, he plays music or sings at their request.(护士罗德·萨莱赛在工作中使用各种工具，不仅包括医疗器械，还有他的吉他和尤克里里。在康复病房中，他帮助患者术后缓解疼痛。根据患者的请求，他会演奏音乐或唱歌。)”指出护士罗德·萨莱赛会根据病人要求演奏音乐或唱歌，下文“His performances often lead to patients smiling or nodding along. Sometimes, their heart rates and blood pressure even improve, and some need less pain medication.(他的表演经常让病人微笑或点头。有时，他们的心率和血压甚至会改善，有些人需要的止痛药也会减少。)”阐述他演奏的音乐或唱歌给病人带来的益处；选项F“His song choices include folk music in different languages and pieces from classical and soundtracks.(他的歌曲选择包括不同语言的民谣音乐，以及古典音乐和电影原声作品。)”承接上文“plays music or sings”，具体举例说明他演奏什么类型的音乐，自然引出后面的积极效果。 【32题详解】 前文“Music’s pain-relieving effect — called music-induced analgesia — is now being studied scientifically. No one claims music can take away severe pain entirely, though.(音乐的镇痛作用——即音乐诱导性镇痛——目前正受到科学研究。不过，目前没有人声称音乐能完全消除剧烈疼痛。)”指出目前正在科学研究音乐缓解疼痛的作用，但是没有人声称音乐能完全消除剧痛；选项G“Recent research suggests music can reduce how much pain people feel or increase their ability to tolerate it.(最新研究表明，音乐可以减轻人们的疼痛感，或增强他们对疼痛的耐受能力。)”引出音乐的确切作用，与“不能完全消除”形成对比，引出下文对音乐效果的讨论。 【33题详解】 前文““There’s often a cycle of worry, pain, and anxiety in a hospital,” Salaysay said. “But music can help break that cycle.”(‘在医院里经常会有一个担心、痛苦和焦虑的循环。’Salaysay说：‘但音乐可以帮助打破这种循环。’)”前文引用Salaysay的话说音乐能打破“担忧—疼痛—焦虑”的循环，后文“Over recent decades, live and prerecorded music have entered more hospitals as research explores how music affects pain.(近几十年来，随着研究探索音乐对疼痛的影响，现场演奏和预先录制的音乐已越来越多地进入医院。)”指出现在有很多人都在治疗中应用音乐；选项B“He is not alone in using music as a form of therapy (治疗).(他并不是唯一一个将音乐作为治疗方式的人。)”承接Salaysay的个人案例，引出后文“更多医院使用音乐”的内容，逻辑连贯。 【34题详解】 根据前文“Music acts as a distraction, pulling attention away from discomfort.(音乐起到分散注意力的作用，将人们的注意力从不适感上转移开。)”和后文“Familiar and well-liked music tends to work best because it activates emotions and memories more strongly.(熟悉且受欢迎的音乐往往效果最佳，因为它能更强烈地激发情绪和回忆。)”可知，本段解释音乐镇痛的原理，前文提到音乐首先能分散注意力，下文提到熟悉且受欢迎的音乐能激发情绪和回忆；选项A“But it does more — it engages the brain broadly, changing the pain experience.(但它的作用不止于此——它能广泛地激活大脑，从而改变疼痛的感受。)”既承接了“distraction”的作用，引出更深层的原理：广泛的脑部参与，更强烈地激发影响情绪与记忆。 【35题详解】 根据后文“A study from the Netherlands tested five music genres and found no single type was most effective — what mattered was that listeners enjoyed the music. Another study found that letting people choose their own music increased pain tolerance. Focused listening, rather than treating music as background noise, also improves the effect.(一项来自荷兰的研究测试了五种音乐类型，发现没有单一类型的音乐效果最好——关键在于听众是否享受音乐。另一项研究发现，让人们自主选择音乐可以提高疼痛耐受力。专注聆听，而非将音乐当作背景噪音，也能增强这种效果。)”可知，此处是讲让病人选择自己喜欢的音乐和专注聆听也很重要，所以选项E“It’s not just about distraction — patient choice and active listening matter too.(这不仅仅是关于分散注意力——患者的自主选择和积极倾听同样重要。)”切合语境。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，27分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53小题各2分，第54小题3分，第55小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成对该问题的回答。 Shared Services Need More Imagination Suppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill. You may regard it as expensive to buy a power drill and consider renting one. Sharing is the solution. The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively short period. The private part of shared services has been moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s, and then the public part has taken note of the benefits and continued for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since the late 1990s. With the rise of the sharing industry, the best-known shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of public attention. This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people in many cities. Of course shared services don’t need to be limited to machines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. For example, in today’s casual environment, you don’t need a tie unless you’re going to a wedding or a job interview. So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you needed it and only when you needed it. Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. Since visitors don’t want to be carrying umbrellas all the way, it would be cheaper and easier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street corner and drop it off on another. Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have begun to take a close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide for customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide technology components. E-mall and scanning (归描) operations were obvious early candidates. Many organizations are now oftering their document-intensive operations is a shared service, There is no doubt that people are calling for the expansion of shared services to more and more treas. 36. What is the sharing industry? ___________________________________________________________ 37. Why does shared transportation receive attention from people? ___________________________________________________________ 38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines. ___________________________________________________________ 39. Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason. (about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________ 【答案】36. The sharing industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. 37. Because it offers environmentally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities. 38. because they are currently restricted to machines .According to the passage, presently shared services include not only machines but also smaller, less heavy items such as ties and umbrellas. 39. Sharing books is a good type of shared services. People can share and read the books they like without pay or only a little money, so that they will improve their knowledge and enrich their life. Thus, I think it’s well worth spreading. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了热点话题“共享经济”，解释了“共享经济”的定义、重要性、受欢迎的原因。 【36题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后“The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee.(共享产业是一个新兴产业。高度灵活的经济网络，允许人们免费或收费共享资源。)”可知，共享产业的定义就是指，它是一个新兴的、高度灵活的经济网络，允许人们免费或收费共享资源。故答案为The sharing industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. 【37题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people in many cities.(这种交通方式非常环保，在许多城市越来越受到人们的欢迎。)”可知，这种交通工具在很多城市越来越受欢迎是因为它非常环保。故答案为Because it offers environmentally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities. 【38题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“Of course shared services don’t need to be limited to machines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items.(当然，共享服务不需要局限于机器。共享服务的真正回报可能在于出租更小、更轻的物品。)”可知，共享服务不会局限于机器。所以“they are currently restricted to machines.”要划上下划线。故答案为According to the passage, presently shared services include not only machines but also smaller, less heavy items such as ties and umbrellas. 【39题详解】 考查开放性试题。答题时应先举出文中没有提到的一个共享服务的例子，再解释原因。故答案为Sharing books is a good type of shared services. People can share and read the books they like without pay or with only a little money, so that they will improve their knowledge and enrich their life. Thus I think it is well worth spreading. 第二节（15分） 40. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信告知他正在学习汉语，计划借助人工智能助力汉语学习，他发来邮件向你征询AI辅助语言学习的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包含： 1.利用AI学习汉语的具体建议； 2.提醒合理使用AI。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.信件开头、结束语已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m delighted to hear that you plan to use AI to advance your Chinese learning. Here are my practical tips for you. First of all, you can turn to AI to correct your pronunciation whenever you read Chinese aloud. Besides, AI is able to explain confusing grammar points and recommend daily reading materials tailored to your level. You may also chat with AI in Chinese regularly to sharpen your oral skills. Meanwhile, you ought to use AI wisely. Don’t copy its ready-made answers blindly when doing exercises. It’s better to think independently first and take AI explanations as references. Wish you satisfying progress in Chinese learning! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Jim回信，针对Jim打算借助人工智能学习汉语这件事，给出利用 AI 学汉语的实操建议，同时提醒对方科学、合理地使用人工智能。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 实用的：practical→functional 令人困惑的：confusing→puzzling 经常地：regularly→frequently 进步：progress→advancement 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：You may also chat with AI in Chinese regularly to sharpen your oral skills. 拓展句：You can also converse with AI in Chinese frequently so that you can refine your spoken Chinese capabilities. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m delighted to hear that you plan to use AI to advance your Chinese learning. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】First of all, you can turn to AI to correct your pronunciation whenever you read Chinese aloud. (运用了whenever引导让步状语从句) 第五部分：基础落实（共两节，13分） 第一节 单词拼写（请用必修三七、八、九单元所学单词完成句子，答题卡上填写完整词汇。共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 41. To m_________ the art of public speaking, you must practice not only what to say but also how to pause, breathe, and use your voice effectively. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】master##aster 【解析】 【详解】句意：要掌握公开演讲的艺术，你不仅必须练习说什么，还要练习如何停顿、呼吸以及有效运用声音。根据“you must practice not only what to say but also how to pause, breathe, and use your voice effectively”和首字母m可知，此处是指掌握演讲的艺术，应用动词master表示“掌握”。此处应用to do不定式作目的状语。 42. She finally gained recognition as a serious _________ (作曲家) when her first symphony was performed by the national orchestra. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】composer 【解析】 【详解】句意：当她的第一部交响曲由国家管弦乐团演奏时，她终于作为一名严肃的作曲家获得了认可。‌“作曲家”作宾语，用名词composer，有不定冠词a 修饰，用单数形式。 43. In this writing class, simply summarizing what others have said is not considered _________ (可接受的), and you must add your own argument or analysis. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】acceptable 【解析】 【详解】句意：在本写作课上，仅仅简单地总结他人的观点是不被接受的，你必须加入自己的论点或分析。此处表示“可接受的”应用形容词acceptable作主语补足语。 44. Effective environmental protection measures are necessary to stop the e_________ of endangered animals around the world. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】extinction##xtinction 【解析】 【详解】句意：必须采取有效的环境保护措施，以阻止全球濒危动物的灭绝。根据“of endangered animals around the world”和首字母e可知，此处是指阻止全球濒危动物的灭绝，应用名词extinction表示“灭绝”作宾语。 45. Many art centers make little p_________, but they offer free art activities for young people. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】profit##rofit 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多艺术中心几乎不盈利，但它们为年轻人提供免费艺术活动。结合首字母p和转折的语境，可知这里填profit表示“利润”作宾语。固定搭配make profit表示“盈利，获利”。 46. In the wild, an animal’s s_________ depends not only on finding food but also on adapting to changing weather conditions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】survival##urvival 【解析】 【详解】句意：在野外，动物的生存不仅依赖寻找食物，还依赖于适应多变的天气条件。根据“depends not only on finding food but also on adapting to changing weather conditions”和首字母s可知，此处是指动物的生存，应用名词survival表示“生存”作主语。 47. Teachers have created many useful new a_________ to make grammar learning much more interesting for teenagers. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】approaches##pproaches 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师们创设了许多实用的新方法，让青少年的语法学习变得趣味十足。根据首字母以及限定词many useful new可知，空格处需要填入可数名词的复数形式充当created的宾语，approaches意为“方法、举措”，复数为approaches，符合题意。 48. Great environmental improvements o_________ ten years ago when people began to sort waste. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】occurred##ccurred 【解析】 【详解】句意：十年前，当人们开始垃圾分类时，环境得到了极大改善。根据首字母o以及句意可知，此处为动词occur，根据时间状语ten years ago可知，句子为一般过去时，谓语动词使用occur的过去式occurred。 49. If you take every chance to use English in daily life, you can a_________(习得) valuable learning skills step by step. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】acquire##cquire 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你抓住日常生活中每一个使用英语的机会，你就能一步步习得宝贵的学习技巧。 根据汉语提示“习得”及情态动词can后接动词原形可知，空处需填动词原形acquire，表示“（通过努力）习得、获得”。 50. Teachers should _________(使暴露) students to a variety of opinions and arguments, not just those that support the teacher’s own views. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】expose 【解析】 【详解】句意：教师应当让学生接触多种多样的观点与论述，而不只是那些附和教师自身看法的内容。 根据汉语提示“使暴露”及情态动词should后接动词原形可知，空处需填动词原形expose，表示“使暴露，使接触”，固定搭配expose sb. to sth.表示“使某人接触某物”。 第二节 完成句子（请用必修三七、八、九单元所学短语补全句子，共4小题；每小题2分，共8分） 51. 每当美术老师讲授杰出匠人时，他总是提及潜心钻研的艺术前辈，激起同学们由衷的敬佩。 Whenever our art tutor gave lectures on outstanding craftsmen, he always __________ __________ those dedicated veteran artists, arousing sincere admiration among students. 【答案】 ①. referred ②. to 【解析】 【详解】空缺需要填入表达“提及”含义的短语，动词短语refer to表示“提及”，根据gave可知，描述过去的动作用一般过去时，过去式为referred to。 52. 为打造绿色校园，一群热心学子主动牵头负责校园环保志愿宣传活动。 With the goal of building an eco-campus, a group of warm-hearted teenagers volunteered __________ ____________________ __________ __________ the voluntary environmental publicity campaign on campus. 【答案】 ①. to ②. take ③. charge ④. of 【解析】 【详解】volunteer to do意为“主动做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。表示“牵头负责”应用动词短语take charge of。 53. 为遵循低碳生活理念，近几年来很多家庭缩减不必要的水电消耗。 To follow the concept of low-carbon living, numerous families __________ __________ __________ __________ unnecessary consumption of water and electricity in the past few years. 【答案】 ①. have ②. cut ③. down ④. on 【解析】 【详解】空处需填“缩减”的英语短语，短语cut down on意为“缩减、削减”，时间状语in the past few years是现在完成时的标志，主语numerous families为复数，助动词用have，cut的过去分词形式依然是cut。 54. 只有定期复盘反思自身的学习策略，学习者才能够逐步提升学习效率。 Only by __________ __________ your own learning tactics regularly are you able to raise your learning efficiency gradually. 【答案】 ①. reflecting ②. on 【解析】 【详解】题干中的“复盘反思”对应高中核心短语reflect on，词义为“反思、审慎思考”，符合语境。空格放在介词by之后，介词后接动词需要用动名词形式作宾语，因此把动词reflect变为动名词reflecting。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京一零一中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试 高一英语 （考试时间：100分钟，试卷满分：120分） 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，共20分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What will the weather be like tomorrow? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. 2. What kind of sandwich will the woman have? A. The turkey sandwich. B. The chicken sandwich. C. The egg salad sandwich. 3. What will the woman do? A. Buy a birthday gift. B. Have lunch with Phil. C. See a movie with Steve. 4. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired. 第二节（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分） 听下面4段材料。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6题。 5. What did the man do last weekend? A. He went to a concert. B. He had a hiking trip. C. He visited some friends. 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a park. B. At a music hall. C. At a supermarket. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8题。 7. What does the man think of the French restaurant? A. It’s too far away. B. The price is too high. C. The menu is too old. 8. Why does the man want to eat in? A. He’s in bad mood. B. He’s good at cooking. C. He’s tired of eating out. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10题。 9. Why does the man take part in the race? A. He has a lot of free time. B. He wants to improve his health. C. He is confident about his strength. 10. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Begin with easy exercise. B. Stick to one type of exercise. C. Take part in the race next year. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12题。 11. What does the Louvre Museum offer? A. A short documentary. B. A photo of the Mona Lisa. C. A phone game on its history. 12. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. Online museum tours. B. The history of museums. C. Famous museums around the world. 第三节 听取信息（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面一段独白，完成第13至第16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Help Children Develop Scientific Thinking Explore the world around them ●Encourage children to join in some activities... ● 13 open-ended toys and materials. Do 14 that are right for their age ●Allow children to raise questions. ●Inspire them to 15 their scientific findings. Show children how science is used ●Explain how the things they use work. ●Use 16 examples to teach science at home. 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，共30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ____1____: Am I good enough? It was a question that ____2____ me through my first month, even as I settled in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class. I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ____3____ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ____4____ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ____5____ was like a deadly cell that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it. Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ____6____, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ____7____ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt slowly ____8____. I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ____9____ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ____10____ and I made progress. 1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry 2. A. freed B. guided C. warmed D. dogged 3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm 4. A. Or B. So C. But D. For 5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk 6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. unique 7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork 8. A. popped out B. faded away C. hung on D. built up 9. A. close B. notice C. locate D. create 10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Brad Aronson’s life changed instantly when his wife, Mia, was diagnosed with cancer. For two and a half years, amid the stress and despair of waiting for the ____11____ (treat) to work, they received an outpouring of kindness from friends, family, and even complete strangers. Inspired by this “humankindness”, Brad began writing about those ____12____ rescued his family, but he didn’t stop there. Knowing that small acts of kindness transform lives across the globe, he ____13____ (seek) out these stories and shared some of the best in his book Humankind, which became a best-seller once ____14____ (publish). B 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Ever wonder why some habits are nearly impossible to change? In fact, your brain doesn’t distinguish between good habits and bad habits. The process is the same whether you habitually drink water all day or reach for a cigarette when feeling stressed. This explains ____15____ habits involving dopamine-rich rewards like eating sweets can be so hard to break. The reinforcement from dopamine — the pleasure chemical — is why willpower alone isn’t enough. One key insight from habit research is that habits ____16____ (replace) instead of being removed. You need to exchange it ____17____ a better alternative that still gives your brain a reward. C 阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Against the background of severe climate issues, China has actively pushed forward the green transition and secured remarkable achievements. So far, China ____18____ (develop) the globe’s largest new energy industrial chain. It supplies 80 percent of the world’s solar panels and 70 percent of global wind power equipment. Beyond its borders, China also helps other developing ____19____ (country) cope with climate risks through South-South cooperation, ____20____ (contribute) to a more stable and inclusive global energy system. For China, the green transition is never a zero-sum game, but rather a new frontier for global cooperation. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Seven children line up, awaiting their turn on a slide. As each child rushes down, the ones behind laugh and cheer. Such scene is rare in Lagos, one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, with a population of about 17 million. But on the city’s outskirts, a garbage-site-turned-park is offering room for kids to play. The project is the brainchild of 17-year-old Amara Nwuneli, who wants to prove that even in Lagos’ most crowded corners, children can have fun. For Amara, the path to building parks began when a terrible flood struck her hometown in 2020. Heavy rains swallowed entire neighborhoods, leaving thousands of families homeless. “People just said it was government failure or bad luck.” Amara recalls. But, later, she realized it was what was called Nigeria’s “climate apathy”: the tendency to view floods, heat waves, and droughts as isolated incidents rather than consequences of a warming planet. “I wanted to change the mindset,” Amara says. “If people don’t feel connected to nature, they won’t fight to protect it. And I knew that had to start with creating spaces people could actually see and feel.” It was no easy task. Amara first contacted the Lagos State Government, which offered land but imposed restrictions that made long-term construction impossible. After months of dead ends, she shifted strategy and started looking for alternative spaces that were accessible to high-risk communities. Eventually, Amara secured a garbage site. She then mobilized a team of artists, volunteers, and small donors to clear the trash and rebuild the site with recycled materials. Three months later, the park opened. Amara is now planning two more parks. She says communities from across the country have been reaching out to her team for advice on how to reclaim abandoned spaces for public use. “That creates a kind of cycle,” Amara reflects. “I take action, others notice, they want to take action, too. And together, it grows.” 21. What might be a problem Lagos is facing? A. Insufficient public areas. B. Poor garbage management. C. Limited recreational activities. D. Uncontrolled population growth. 22. What quality does Amara demonstrate when completing the project? A. Integrity. B. Optimism. C. Flexibility. D. Confidence. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. It is never too late to act. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. Joy shared is joy doubled. D. Small steps make a big difference. B In recent research, my colleagues and I set out to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying experiences like solving challenging problems. Specifically, we wanted to understand what happens in the brain while a person engages in abstract and demanding thought — so we designed a study involving math expertise. For our study, we selected 22 university students majoring in mathematics, along with 22 students from other disciplines. We asked the students to watch step-by-step presentations that explained how to solve several challenging math problems. Throughout this demonstration, the students wore a cap covered with electrodes (电极) so that we could track electrical activity in their brains. After each presentation, they had to report whether they thought they had understood the presentations and how engaged they felt during the experience. We found that students whose coursework involved little mathematics showed more signs of complex activity in the prefrontal cortex (皮层), indicating how hard they were working to understand the various steps of the complex math demonstrations. However, in the other group, we noted significant activity linking the frontal and parietal (顶叶) regions of their brain. More specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern of activity described as delta waves. Some recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial role in the cognitive processing that supports deep internal concentration and the relocation of information between distant brain regions. In fact, we suspect that the long-distance delta waves we observed may play a central role whenever people engage in contextual and complex problem-solving. This suggests that engaging brain networks in this way could be useful for many tasks requiring concentration. It’s likely that when people with extensive experience in a task are deeply engaged in that effort, these same delta waves are involved, even as the specific brain networks vary. It’s also possible — though we’ll need to investigate further to be sure — that this state of deep concentration is generalizable: developing this way of thinking in one domain could help you in others. These findings suggest a trade-off that people should keep in mind — particularly as artificial intelligence and other tools offer shortcuts for various forms of problem solving. Each time we offload a problem to a calculator or ask AI to summarize an essay, we lose an opportunity to improve our own skills and practice deep concentration. To be clear, technologies can boost our efficiency in important ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard work we do can be powerful, too. 24. Based on the study results, how do Math majors process challenging math problems differently from non-Math majors? A. They experience less engagement during problem-solving tasks. B. They use more areas of their prefrontal cortex to solve problems. C. They display delta wave activity linking frontal and parietal regions. D. They show slower overall brain activity during complex problem-solving. 25. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s view on the role of “inefficient” work? A. It helps those who are good at subjects like math. B. It improves engagement but has no cognitive benefits. C. It wastes time and resources compared to using technology. D. It allows the brain to build skills that are transferable to other tasks. 26. What might be the best title for the passage? A. Which to Choose: Efficiency or Hard Work? B. What Benefits Us More: AI Tools or Deep Concentration? C. Employing Complex Math Problems to Enhance Delta Waves D. Developing Expertise Improves the Brain’s Ability to Concentrate C A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfishes. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything — one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If — like us — the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality. The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicists’ traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe. 27. What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. Original. B. Accurate. C. Distant. D. False. 28. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics. C. The conventional insight of reality. D. The existence of the material world. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered. B. An external world is independent of the observers. C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints. D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better. 30. According to the passage, the author may agree that . A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How Music Helps Ease Pain in Hospitals Nurse Rod Salaysay uses various instruments in his work — not only medical tools but also his guitar and ukulele. In the recovery unit, he helps patients manage pain after surgery. Along with medicine, he plays music or sings at their request. ____31____ His performances often lead to patients smiling or nodding along. Sometimes, their heart rates and blood pressure even improve, and some need less pain medication. Music’s pain-relieving effect — called music-induced analgesia — is now being studied scientifically. No one claims music can take away severe pain entirely, though. ____32____ “There’s often a cycle of worry, pain, and anxiety in a hospital,” Salaysay said. “But music can help break that cycle.” ____33____ Over recent decades, live and prerecorded music have entered more hospitals as research explores how music affects pain. What makes music effective against pain? “Pain is created by physical sensation, our thoughts about it, and our emotional reaction,” explained psychologist Adam Hanley. Music acts as a distraction, pulling attention away from discomfort. ____34____ Familiar and well-liked music tends to work best because it activates emotions and memories more strongly. ____35____ A study from the Netherlands tested five music genres and found no single type was most effective — what mattered was that listeners enjoyed the music. Another study found that letting people choose their own music increased pain tolerance. Focused listening, rather than treating music as background noise, also improves the effect. A. But it does more — it engages the brain broadly, changing the pain experience. B. He is not alone in using music as a form of therapy (治疗). C. However, the music must be soft and slow to have any real effect. D. Patients usually prefer modern pop songs to classical music. E. It’s not just about distraction — patient choice and active listening matter too. F. His song choices include folk music in different languages and pieces from classical and soundtracks. G. Recent research suggests music can reduce how much pain people feel or increase their ability to tolerate it. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，27分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53小题各2分，第54小题3分，第55小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成对该问题的回答。 Shared Services Need More Imagination Suppose you need to drill a hole in the wall to hang an item but do not own a power drill. You may regard it as expensive to buy a power drill and consider renting one. Sharing is the solution. The sharing industry is an emerging. highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee. The important idea of the sharing industry is that people might only need an item for a relatively short period. The private part of shared services has been moving towards this area since the beginning of the 1980s, and then the public part has taken note of the benefits and continued for best practice. The United States and Australia among others have had shared services in government since the late 1990s. With the rise of the sharing industry, the best-known shared bikes and shared cars have got a lot of public attention. This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popular among people in many cities. Of course shared services don’t need to be limited to machines. The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items. For example, in today’s casual environment, you don’t need a tie unless you’re going to a wedding or a job interview. So some companies, would let you pick up a tie when you needed it and only when you needed it. Another example is an umbrella-sharing service. Since visitors don’t want to be carrying umbrellas all the way, it would be cheaper and easier to simply borrow an umbrella on one street corner and drop it off on another. Recently organizations that have centralized their IT functions have begun to take a close look at the technology services that their IT departments provide for customers, evaluating where it makes sense to provide technology components. E-mall and scanning (归描) operations were obvious early candidates. Many organizations are now oftering their document-intensive operations is a shared service, There is no doubt that people are calling for the expansion of shared services to more and more treas. 36. What is the sharing industry? ___________________________________________________________ 37. Why does shared transportation receive attention from people? ___________________________________________________________ 38. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Shared services are getting increasingly popular for their convenience, but there are still calls for expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines. ___________________________________________________________ 39. Please provide another example of shared services and explain your reason. (about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________ 第二节（15分） 40. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信告知他正在学习汉语，计划借助人工智能助力汉语学习，他发来邮件向你征询AI辅助语言学习的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包含： 1.利用AI学习汉语的具体建议； 2.提醒合理使用AI。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.信件开头、结束语已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第五部分：基础落实（共两节，13分） 第一节 单词拼写（请用必修三七、八、九单元所学单词完成句子，答题卡上填写完整词汇。共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 41. To m_________ the art of public speaking, you must practice not only what to say but also how to pause, breathe, and use your voice effectively. (根据首字母单词拼写) 42. She finally gained recognition as a serious _________ (作曲家) when her first symphony was performed by the national orchestra. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 43. In this writing class, simply summarizing what others have said is not considered _________ (可接受的), and you must add your own argument or analysis. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 44. Effective environmental protection measures are necessary to stop the e_________ of endangered animals around the world. (根据首字母单词拼写) 45. Many art centers make little p_________, but they offer free art activities for young people. (根据首字母单词拼写) 46. In the wild, an animal’s s_________ depends not only on finding food but also on adapting to changing weather conditions. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. Teachers have created many useful new a_________ to make grammar learning much more interesting for teenagers. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. Great environmental improvements o_________ ten years ago when people began to sort waste. (根据首字母单词拼写) 49. If you take every chance to use English in daily life, you can a_________(习得) valuable learning skills step by step. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 50. Teachers should _________(使暴露) students to a variety of opinions and arguments, not just those that support the teacher’s own views. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节 完成句子（请用必修三七、八、九单元所学短语补全句子，共4小题；每小题2分，共8分） 51. 每当美术老师讲授杰出匠人时，他总是提及潜心钻研的艺术前辈，激起同学们由衷的敬佩。 Whenever our art tutor gave lectures on outstanding craftsmen, he always __________ __________ those dedicated veteran artists, arousing sincere admiration among students. 52. 为打造绿色校园，一群热心学子主动牵头负责校园环保志愿宣传活动。 With the goal of building an eco-campus, a group of warm-hearted teenagers volunteered __________ ____________________ __________ __________ the voluntary environmental publicity campaign on campus. 53. 为遵循低碳生活理念，近几年来很多家庭缩减不必要的水电消耗。 To follow the concept of low-carbon living, numerous families __________ __________ __________ __________ unnecessary consumption of water and electricity in the past few years. 54. 只有定期复盘反思自身的学习策略，学习者才能够逐步提升学习效率。 Only by __________ __________ your own learning tactics regularly are you able to raise your learning efficiency gradually. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $