必修第一册 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

**基本信息** 以“人与自然”为主题整合自然灾害相关语篇，通过阅读、七选五、语法填空系统训练细节理解、推理判断等语言能力，强化问题分析与逻辑推导的思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读A|4题|细节题定位原文、推理题上下文推断|地震预警系统缺陷到Qube发明的问题解决链| |阅读B|4题|细节题关键信息定位、主旨题全文归纳|全球干旱对能源/农业等多领域影响的现象分析| |阅读七选五|5题|上下文衔接（代词指代/逻辑关系）|飓风中家庭安全防护的措施说明| |语法填空|10空|名词复数/介词搭配/时态运用等语法规则|全球海冰减少的数据说明与原因推导|

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 学生用书　课时冲关5　P260 Ⅰ.阅读A 主题：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：发明地震传感器设备 Vivien He is a senior at a high school in Rolling Hills Estates.Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18­year­old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.These ground tremors (small earthquakes) are the world's deadliest natural disasters.And they're often unpredictable. Earthquake early warning systems do exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the U．S.West Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes.Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it's hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place.And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before they can get an alert. Therefore, Vivien built an at­home earthquake sensor.Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake.Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts.To build it, Vivien bought a machine and watched YouTube videos to learn how to use it.Then she went to work in a spare bathroom. During nine months of testing, Vivien's Qube detected all earthquakes over magnitude 3 around Los Angeles.The motion data captured by her Qube also matched those from a nearby seismometer(地震仪) in the Southern California Seismic Network. Vivien is now building up a network of Qubes around Los Angeles.“I have eight devices in different homes，” she says.A widespread Qube network could serve as a role similar to that of ShakeAlert seismic stations.When one Qube starts to shake, it could alert users across town to an oncoming quake.But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a Rubik's cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make.So, many more of them could be installed around a city. 1．What can we learn about Vivien He when she was little? A．She used to like playing hide and seek in school. B．She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake. C．She once got injured severely in an earthquake drill. D．She showed no interest in studying natural disasters. 2．Why does the author mention the Shake Alert system? A．To prove the necessity of early earthquake monitoring stations. B．To compare Shake Alert with Vivien's Qube in terms of accuracy. C．To highlight the technological advancements in earthquake detection. D．To show the drawback of existing earthquake early warning systems. 3．What's the main function of Vivien He's device? A．Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. B．Collecting data about minor earthquakes. C．Predicting the center of an earthquake. D．Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. 4．What's implied about the network of Qubes? A．It's very challenging to build it. B．It has limitations in large cities. C．It can be easily applied at a low cost. D．It just requires eight devices in each place. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Vivien He，一名来自南加州的高中生，鉴于地震频发的现状，她发明了一种名为Qube的地震传感器设备，该设备体积小、成本低，更易于在城市中广泛应用。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing up in Southern California, where earthquakes often happen, this 18­year­old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.(在地震频发的南加州长大，这个18岁的女孩在地震演习中花了很多时间躲在课桌下。)”可知，Vivien He小时候经常处于经历地震的风险中。] 2．D　[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Earthquake early warning systems do exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the U．S.West Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes.Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it's hard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place.And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before they can get an alert.(确实存在地震预警系统。其中之一是美国西海岸的Shake Alert系统。Shake Alert网络中的地震监测站在地震发生时能够检测到地面的震动。然后，这些监测站会向人们发出警报，告知他们脚下的地面可能很快就会开始震动。但是，很难预测在任何给定地点地面会震动到什么程度。离震源最近的人就没那么幸运了。他们在收到警报之前就会感觉到震动。)”可知，作者提到Shake Alert系统是为了展示现有地震预警系统的缺点。] 3．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Called the Qube, this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to feel tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake.Then, it can warn users by sounding the alarm or sending text alerts.(这个被称为Qube 设备使用一种叫做检波器的运动传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震开始的震动。然后，它可以通过发出警报或发送文本警报来警告用户。)”可知，Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测震动并发送警报。] 4．C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But unlike earthquake monitoring stations, Qubes are tiny and inexpensive.About the size of a Rubik's cube, one Qube costs less than $100 to make.So, many more of them could be installed around a city.(但与地震监测站不同，Qubes体积小、价格便宜。大约有一个魔方那么大，一个Qube的制作成本不到100美元。因此，可以在城市周围安装更多的Qubes。)”可推知，Qubes网络可以低成本地轻松应用。] 阅读B 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：干旱带来的问题 This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world.The droughts are leading to serious problems and the effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years.Droughts aren't new, but Earth's rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid. The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation.For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons.The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and destroyed the crops of farmers. The drought is causing energy problems in Europe, too.The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced.Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard.California has put limits on water use across the state.Now water is being limited in other places.When there are water limits, farmers aren't able to grow as many crops.That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone. China is facing similar problems.The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze, China's longest river.That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world's largest dam by 40%. China hasn't been able to produce enough energy, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool.The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot.The country is trying to make it rain by shooting chemicals into clouds.But this is an uncertain and temporary response. There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts.It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control.For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible. 5．What has been affected by droughts according to the passage? A．Technology.　　　 B．Transportation. C．Education. D．Tourism. 6．What measures have been taken to deal with droughts in China? A．Bringing water from other countries. B．Finding replacement for rain water. C．Limiting the use of drinking water. D．Controlling the use of electricity. 7．How might the author feel about the fight against drought? A．Concerned. B．Satisfied. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic. 8．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New Problems B．China Is also Facing the Serious Drought Problem C．Droughts Cause Problems Around the World D．Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Problem [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了干旱给世界各地带来的问题。 5．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The drought is causing energy problems in Europe, too.The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced.Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them.(干旱也给欧洲带来了能源问题。低水位减少了可生产的水力发电量。有些河流水位很低，载煤的重型船只无法在上面航行。)”可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降低，从而影响运输。] 6．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China hasn't been able to produce enough energy, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool.The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot.(中国一直无法生产足够的能源，因为数百万人都在使用电力来降温。政府呼吁公众在天气不太热的时候关掉空调。)”可知，中国通过控制用电来应对干旱。] 7．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts.It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control.(这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候危机的产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时间。)”可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。] 8．C　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了干旱给非洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中国等多地带来的问题，由此推知“干旱在世界各地造成问题”是文章最佳标题。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：飓风中的安全 Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. __1__ Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather, even if you need to move out. __2__ That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds. Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood, measure your windows and use brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place. Sandbags are very useful. While sandbags won't be able to help in the extreme storm, many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags. __3__ Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home, so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane. It's important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain. But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house, too. Trim(修剪) trees, especially dead branches, to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. __4__ You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers. __5__ Also，there are always bad people out right after a storm. If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm, having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items. A．You should have a camera at home. B．It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds. C．Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important. D．You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes. E．They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases. F．It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced. G．These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些在飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 1．G　[根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security...”可知，空处承上启下，应描述飓风会对生命财产造成损害。] 2．D　[根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知，That是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风到来之前用胶带贴窗户。”切合文意。] 3．E　[根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won't be able to damage the belongings inside your home，so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多情况下，它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”与下文衔接。] 4．C　[根据前文“Trim(修剪)trees... to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指防止庭院里有疏松的东西被吹到屋子里 　造成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”能够承接上文。] 5．F　[根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知，此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司。”承接前文。] Ⅲ.语法填空 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点 There was less sea ice covering the oceans in February of this year than at any other point on record.“One of the 1.____________(consequence) of a warmer world is melting sea ice, and the record or near­record low sea ice cover at both poles has pushed global sea ice cover to an all­time minimum，” said Samantha Burgess 2.________ a statement.Global average temperatures in February of this year 3.________(rise) 1.59 ℃ above the per­industrial average,4.________(make) it the third­warmest February on record, according to the European Union's climate service Copernicus. These high temperatures impacted the global sea ice extent,5.________ includes both the Arctic, where sea ice is currently near its annual maximum, and the Antarctic.The satellite record for both regions extends back to 1979.In the Arctic, sea ice remained at 8 percent below average throughout February, missing an area of ice 6.________ (rough) the size of the UK.This was the third consecutive month 7.________ (set) a new monthly record low in the Arctic. 8．________(see) over the past two years, this decline in the 9.________ (north) hemisphere(半球) has combined with a longer­term decline in Antarctic sea ice.Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to near average levels in December of last year 10.________ it then rapidly declined again.In February, the ice reached its fourth­lowest extent on record for the month, remaining 26 percent below average. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述今年二月全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 1．consequences　[考查名词复数。句意：世界变暖的后果之一是海冰融化，两极创纪录或接近纪录的低海冰覆盖率将全球海冰覆盖率推到了历史最低水平。这里考查“one of the ＋ 可数名词复数”，表示“…… 之一”。故填consequences。] 2．in　[考查介词。句意：萨曼莎·伯吉斯在一份声明中说。这里考查in a statement，为固定搭配，意为“在声明中”。故填in。] 3．rose　[考查时态。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工业平均气温高出1.59 ℃，成为有记录以来第三温暖的2月。此空考查谓语动词，主语Global average temperatures与rise为主动关系，在根据时间状语in February of this year可知，这里用一般过去时，rise的过去式为rose。故填rose。] 4．making　[考查非谓语动词。句意：根据欧盟气候服务机构哥白尼的数据，今年2月全球平均气温比工业平均气温高出1.59 °C，成为有记录以来第三温暖的2月。此空考查非谓语，由语境可知，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。] 5．which　[考查定语从句。句意：这些高温影响了全球海冰范围，其中包括目前海冰接近年度最大值的北极和南极。此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词global sea ice extent，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。] 6．roughly　[考查副词。句意：在北极，整个2月海冰面积比平均水平低8%，缺失的冰层面积大致相当于英国的大小。此处作状语应用副词roughly，表示“大致地”。故填roughly。] 7．to set　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是北极连续第三个月创下新的月度纪录低点。名词month被序数词third修饰，应用不定式作后置定语，表示“连续第三个做某事的月份”。故填to set。] 8．Seen　[考查非谓语动词。句意：从过去两年的情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少相结合。此空考查非谓语，decline与see为被动关系(被观察到)，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作状语，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Seen。] 9．northern　[考查形容词。句意：从过去两年的情况来看，北半球的这种下降与南极海冰的长期减少相结合。修饰名词hemisphere用形容词northern，northern hemisphere，意为“北半球”。故填northern。] 10．but/yet　[考查连词。句意：去年12月，南极海冰似乎恢复到接近平均水平，但随后又迅速下降。分析句子结构可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $