精品解析：新疆生产建设兵团第二中学2025-2026学年高一年级第二学期期末考英语试题

兵团二中高中部高一年级第二学期期末考英语试卷 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Which part of the house has been decorated? A. The kitchen. B. The bathroom. C. The living room. 2. Why does the man ask to see the woman’s driver’s licence? A. She drove too fast. B. Her car light was broken. C. She didn’t wear a seat belt. 3. What does the woman want to do first? A. Buy a gift. B. Have a snack. C. Watch the movie. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. In a classroom. C. In a bookstore. 5. What is Hafthor Julius Bjornsson? A. An actor. B. A writer. C. A director. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. How long did the woman work on the computer today? A. 6 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 8 hours. 7. What is the probable relationship, between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the main purpose of the tennis match? A. To have fun with friends. B. To raise money for a hospital. C. To compete for a tennis prize. 9. How will Desmond go to Rickard Avenue? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By subway. 10. When will the speakers meet for breakfast? A. At 10:30 a.m. B. At 9:30 a.m. C. At 8:30 a.m. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. Why is Lisa watching a German film? A. To finish her homework. B. To enter a film competition. C. To prepare for her stay in Germany. 12. How does Lisa feel about going to Germany? A. Calm and confident. B. Excited but nervous. C. Happy and relaxed. 13. What do we know about the man? A. He dislikes studying abroad. B. He’s good at foreign languages. C. He didn’t know the programme rule. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man go to see the professor? A. To hand in his finished paper. B. To ask for advice on his paper. C. To confirm his paper’s due date. 15. What’s the man’s topic of the paper? A. Nature. B. Philosophy. C. Beauty. 16. What does the professor think of the man’s topic? A. It’s too broad. B. It’s too boring. C. It’s too easy. 17. What is the man probably going to do next? A. Change his paper topic. B. Go to the library to do research. C. Discuss Hume with his classmates. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. How many copies of Nicholas Sparks’ books have been sold in the US? A. Over 65 million. B. Over 75 million. C. Over 97 million. 19. When did Sparks create the Nicholas Sparks Foundation? A. In 2001. B. In 2011. C. In 2021. 20. What does Sparks think leads to his success? A. His talent. B. A scholarship. C. His education. 第二部分：阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A There are many options for what to drink, but water is the best choice for most people. It is calorie-free and easy to find. How much water do you need? One of the most familiar sayings is to aim for “8 glasses a day,” but this may not be appropriate for every person. The National Academy of Medicine suggests a proper intake of daily fluids of about 13 cups and 9 cups for healthy men and women, respectively, with 1 cup equaling 8 ounces. Higher amounts may be needed for those who are physically active or exposed to very warm climates. Lower amounts may be needed for those with smaller body sizes. It’s important to note that these amounts are not a daily target, but a general guide. General recommendations for daily water intake Age Daily Intake 1-3 years 4 cups, or 32 ounces 4-8 years 5 cups, or 40 ounces 9-13 years 7-8 cups, or 56-64 ounces 14-18 years 8-11 cups, or 64-88 ounces men, 19 and older 13 cups, or 104 ounces women, 19 and older 9 cups, or 72 ounces Is it possible to drink too much water? There is no Tolerable Upper Intake Level for water because the body can usually remove the extra by passing water or sweating. However, a condition called water intoxication (中毒) is possible in rare cases, in which sodium (钠) levels in the blood fall too low. This is usually caused by drinking large amounts of water while at the same time losing sodium through sweat. 1. What factors affect daily water intake? A. Age and personality. B. Climate and diet. C. Weight and mental condition. D. Gender and physical activity. 2. Which daily water intake can be recommended for a 15-year-old? A. 7 cups. B. 10 cups. C. 12 cups. D. 13 cups. 3. Who most likely gets intoxication if drinking much water? A. A runner in a marathon. B. A hiker eating salty snacks. C. A swimmer in a warm pool. D. A cyclist fueled by sports drinks. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了水是健康的日常饮品，介绍了不同人群的每日适宜饮水量，同时指出饮水量需要根据个人情况灵活调整。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The National Academy of Medicine suggests a proper intake of daily fluids of about 13 cups and 9 cups for healthy men and women, respectively, with 1 cup equaling 8 ounces. Higher amounts may be needed for those who are physically active or exposed to very warm climates. Lower amounts may be needed for those with smaller body sizes.(美国国家医学院建议，健康的男性每天摄入约13杯液体，健康的女性约9杯（1杯等于8盎司）。对于那些体力活动较多或处于炎热气候环境中的人，可能需要更多的水。体型较小的人则可能需要较少的水。)”可知，美国国家医学院建议，每天男性应摄入13杯水，而女性则需要9杯，且体力活动较多或处于炎热气候环境中的人，需要的水量更多，因此每天摄入的水量与性别和体力活动有关。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中“14-18 years(14-18岁)”对应的数据“ 8-11 cups, or 64-88 ounces(8-11杯或者64-88盎司)”可知，对于15岁的人来说，每天建议喝8-11杯，即10杯也在此范围内。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, a condition called water intoxication (中毒) is possible in rare cases, in which sodium (钠) levels in the blood fall too low. This is usually caused by drinking large amounts of water while at the same time losing sodium through sweat.(然而，在极少数情况下可能出现一种称为“水中毒”的状况，此时血液中的钠含量降得过低。这通常是由于大量饮水的同时，通过汗液流失了钠。)”可知，“水中毒”的情况发生于饮用大量水的同时排出大量的汗，故可推知马拉松跑者大量出汗，且可能过度饮水，因此容易发生“水中毒”的情况。 B Jack, an engineer, never imagined racing alone across the Atlantic, much less in a boat built himself. Yet he bought the materials on the internet and managed to build one. The idea seemed impractical. Jack was then 47 and married for only two years. He and his wife Deby were building their future, and they had family to consider. Yet she encouraged him, because that is what they did for each other: support the best version of themselves. In October 2023, Jack packed his boat and flew to Lagos. Ahead of him lay the first leg of a race that would take him to Antigua, eastern Caribbean. The finish line for the first leg was Lanzarote,100km off the coast of Africa. After less than a week, Jack arrived in Lanzarote before leaving for the Caribbean. The days were bright and nights were completely dark. With the boat moving closer to the equators, heavy rain erased the sky. With the sails down and waves knocking, he stayed on the tiller (舵柄), doing his best to survive through the storm with its 40-mph winds. Eventually, the sky began to lighten. He got through the storm and was pleased with how the boat had held up. The next night, more rain fell. Suddenly, a wave hit the boat and soon the world was spinning (旋转) around him. Thanks to the safety line, Jack didn’t fall off the boat despite the dizziness and tiredness after 28 days at sea. A few days later, the storm stopped. He lay on the boat, exhausted. Crossing the finish line, he sailed 3,186 miles in 33 days, 21 hours, 2minutes. For nearly four years, he had been focused on crossing the Atlantic, and he’s now considering pushing himself in a new direction, like into a dance class. The idea fascinates and terrifies him. He admits to being a poor dancer, but with Deby’s help he might have a chance. 4. Why does the author say Jack’s idea was impractical? A. Jack had no idea how to build a boat. B. Deby felt uncertain about their future. C. Jack still faced varieties of life matters. D. Deby persuaded Jack to focus on family. 5. What is the author’s purpose in detailing the weather? A. To indicate the race’s uniqueness. B. To stress the boat’s steadiness. C. To highlight Jack’s struggle. D. To inspire readers’ sympathy. 6. Which of the following best describes Jack? A. Reliable and caring. B. Brave and persuasive. C. Ambitious and curious. D. Tough and adventurous. 7. What does Jack learn from the race? A. He is fascinated by modern dance. B. He has the potential to try new things. C. He owes his success to Deby’s help. D. He is still terrified by the long race. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位名叫杰克的工程师，独自驾船横跨大西洋的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Jack was then 47 and married for only two years. He and his wife Deby were building their future, and they had family to consider.(杰克当时47岁，结婚才两年。他和他的妻子黛比正在建设他们的未来，他们要考虑家庭)”可知，杰克当时47岁，结婚才两年，他和妻子正在规划未来，还有家庭需要考虑。这说明杰克仍然面临着各种各样的生活事务，在这种情况下独自划船穿越大西洋的想法不太现实。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。文章第四段描述了Jack在航行过程中遇到的各种恶劣天气，如“With the boat moving closer to the equators, heavy rain erased the sky. With the sails down and waves knocking, he stayed on the tiller (舵柄), doing his best to survive through the storm with its 40-mph winds.(随着船靠近赤道，大雨抹去了天空。在降下船帆和海浪拍打的情况下，他留在舵柄上，尽最大努力在时速40英里的风暴中生存下来)”以及第五段中“Suddenly, a wave hit the boat and soon the world was spinning (旋转) around him.(突然，一个波浪击中了船，很快，世界就在他周围旋转)”可推知，作者详细描述天气是为了突出杰克在比赛过程中所面临的艰难和挣扎，展现他在恶劣环境下努力生存和坚持的过程。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，杰克独自驾驶自己建造的船穿越大西洋，在航行过程中遇到了暴风雨等恶劣天气和危险情况，但他都坚持了下来并最终完成了比赛，这体现了他的坚韧（tough）。同时，他敢于尝试独自划船穿越大西洋这样具有挑战性和冒险性的事情，说明他具有冒险精神（adventurous）。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For nearly four years, he had been focused on crossing the Atlantic, and he’s now considering pushing himself in a new direction, like into a dance class. The idea fascinates and terrifies him. He admits to being a poor dancer, but with Deby’s help he might have a chance.(近四年来，他一直专注于横渡大西洋，现在他正在考虑把自己推向一个新的方向，比如参加舞蹈班。这个想法使他既着迷又害怕。他承认自己跳得不好，但在黛比的帮助下，他可能有机会)”可知，杰克在专注于穿越大西洋近四年后，现在考虑向新的方向挑战自己，比如参加舞蹈课，虽然他承认自己跳舞不好，但觉得有机会尝试。由此推知，他从这次比赛中认识到自己有尝试新事物的潜力。故选B项。 C In the heartland of Japan, where endless green rice fields paint the landscape like a living blanket, a remarkable form of artistry has emerged — rice paddy art, a practice that transforms ordinary farmland into colourful artworks. While children and adults alike are delighted by the surprisingly complex images, one might wonder: what makes the art a reality? The secret lies in the rice shoots (秧苗). As the plants of different varieties grow, each type progressively turns a different colour ranging from shades of green to purple or gold — to bring an artwork to life. These colorful blocks and lines in fields form vivid designs: towering mountains, lovely animals, and even famous characters from movies and cartoons, which are easily recognizable from high places. The tradition of the paddy art can trace back to just three decades ago in Inakadate, a small Japanese village where rice has been grown for over 2,000 years. The locals got the idea from the sight of children’s multi-colored paintings of rice paddies, then transformed the concept and experimented with it in rice planting. Their efforts paid off. The paddy fields became tourist attractions, greatly boosting the local economy. Creating such art is no simple task. It begins with thorough planning: artists draft detailed blueprints, mapping out exactly the location for each rice variety. Farmers and volunteers then work side by side, carefully planting rice shoots in accordance with the plan. Over months, the fields demand constant care — weeding, watering, and protecting the crops. While Inakadate remains the birthplace of rice paddy art, it now extends widely across Japan. The practice is also becoming all the rage in other countries. In Thailand, one man even arranged for a custom piece of art that spelt out a message asking his girlfriend to marry him. Beyond serving as a striking visual display, the paddy art symbolizes harmony between tradition and innovation. It invites families to experience the beauty of farming, supports rural communities through tourism, and proves that even the ancient practice can adapt to modern creativity — all while keeping nature at its core. 8. What is special about the rice shoots? A. They are created by famous artists. B. They grow better at high places. C. Their colours vary with growth. D. Their designs are meant for movies. 9. What can we infer about creating the paddy art from paragraph 4? A. It is weather-dependent. B. It is cooperation-based. C. It is cost-effective. D. It is time-saving. 10. What does the underlined phrase “becoming all the rage” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Boosting confidence. B. Making profits. C. Celebrating traditions. D. Gaining popularity. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. When Rice Grows with Artistry. B. More Harmonious, More Artistic C. How Tourism Affects Rice Growing D. Modern Tech, Modern Farming 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了日本稻田艺术依靠各色秧苗在农田绘出图案，诞生于三十年前，需众人协作培育，如今风靡多国，融合农耕传统与现代创意，带动乡村旅游。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“As the plants of different varieties grow, each type progressively turns a different colour ranging from shades of green to purple or gold — to bring an artwork to life.(随着不同品种的植物生长，每种植物会逐渐呈现出从绿色到紫色或金色的不同色彩，为艺术作品增添生机)”可知，水稻秧苗的颜色会随着生长而变化。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“It begins with thorough planning: artists draft detailed blueprints, mapping out exactly the location for each rice variety. Farmers and volunteers then work side by side, carefully planting rice shoots in accordance with the plan.(它始于周密的规划：艺术家们起草详细的蓝图，精确地绘制出每种水稻品种的位置。农民和志愿者随后并肩合作，按照计划仔细地种植水稻秧苗)”可知，稻田艺术的创造是基于合作的。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While Inakadate remains the birthplace of rice paddy art, it now extends widely across Japan.(尽管稻田艺术的发源地仍是田舍馆村，但如今它已广泛延伸至日本各地)”以及后文“In Thailand, one man even arranged for a custom piece of art that spelt out a message asking his girlfriend to marry him.(在泰国，甚至有一个人安排定制了一件艺术品，上面拼出一条信息，请求他的女友嫁给他)”可知，稻田艺术起源村之外遍布日本，泰国也有人创作，说明变得流行了。故划线词意思是“获得流行”。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the heartland of Japan, where endless green rice fields paint the landscape like a living blanket, a remarkable form of artistry has emerged — rice paddy art, a practice that transforms ordinary farmland into colourful artworks. While children and adults alike are delighted by the surprisingly complex images, one might wonder: what makes the art a reality?(在日本中部，无尽的绿色稻田把风景画得像一块活生生的毯子，一种非凡的艺术形式悄然兴起——稻田艺术。这种艺术将普通的农田转化为色彩斑斓的艺术作品。无论是孩子还是成年人，都会对这些看似复杂却令人惊叹的画面感到喜悦，但人们不禁会想：是什么让这些艺术成为现实？)”结合文章主要说明了日本稻田艺术依靠各色秧苗在农田绘出图案，诞生于三十年前，需众人协作培育，如今风靡多国，融合农耕传统与现代创意，带动乡村旅游，由此可知，A选项“当水稻伴着艺术性生长”最符合文章标题。 D When strong winds strike, birds do not push back — they sense the change and adjust their wings, and fish do the same in shifting currents. Unlike the graceful, flexible bodies of birds and fish, the rigid (刚性) structures of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) leave them easily knocked off course by sudden currents. To address this challenge, researchers have taken inspiration from nature to create a robotic wing that reduces the disturbance caused by underwater currents and improves stability. The team, led by the University of Southampton, looked to use the power of proprioception — the body’s internal sense of position, movement, and force. Using proprioception, birds sense changes in air flow through their feathers, while fish rely on sensors along their bodies to monitor water motion. To copy this functionality, the engineers developed an innovative e-skin that can sense subtle changes caused by water currents. It consists of flexible liquid metal wires encased in soft silicone (硅胶). These act like nerves, sending signals as the wing bends. When hit by a sudden current, the wing first bends naturally, absorbing part of the impact without any energy input. The signals then activate two tubes housed inside the wing body, which are hydraulically pressurized (液压) to change its hardness and shape, correcting any remaining imbalance. The results of its tests were impressive. The wing reduced force caused by abrupt underwater currents by 87% compared with rigid wings on conventional AUVs. It responded up to four times faster than soft wings without proprioception (本体感觉) and used five times less energy than systems using heat to change shape. Its ability to stabilize itself was about twice that of a flying barn owl (仓鸮), although the researchers noted that such biological comparisons should be interpreted with caution. Right now, combining the wing with existing vehicle architectures may present a significant engineering challenge. “Connecting it to current systems would require rigid connectors to link soft and rigid structures. Further improvements are needed to make the attachment more secure and protect the electrical connections,” said Leo Micklem, lead author of the research. 12. What problem does the robotic wing primarily solve? A. Robots’ lack of internal sensors. B. AUVs’ high production cost. C. Robots’ slow speed in still water. D. AUVs’ instability in currents. 13. What is the function of the tubes according to paragraph 3? A. To absorb current impact. B. To adjust the wing’s form. C. To generate electrical signals. D. To detect changes in water flow. 14. What do the test results in paragraph 4 suggest about the new wing? A. Its ability to replace rigid AUVs. B. Its limitation in energy efficiency. C. Its superiority over existing designs. D. Its struggle with large disturbances. 15. What challenge does the new wing face according to Micklem? A. Connection of opposing materials. B. Improvement of sensing accuracy. C. Reduction of manufacturing costs. D. Protection of the ocean environment. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了研究人员受鸟类和鱼类感知环境变化的启发，研发出一种仿生机翼，通过模拟本体感觉功能，使自主水下航行器 (AUV)在突发水流中保持稳定，并介绍了其工作原理、测试结果及当前面临的工程挑战。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Unlike the graceful, flexible bodies of birds and fish, the rigid (刚性) structures of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) leave them easily knocked off course by sudden currents. To address this challenge, researchers have taken inspiration from nature to create a robotic wing that reduces the disturbance caused by underwater currents and improves stability. (与鸟类和鱼类优雅、灵活的身体不同，自主水下航行器 (AUV)的刚性结构使它们在突发水流中轻易偏离航向。为应对这一挑战，研究人员从大自然中汲取灵感，创造出一种能减少水下水流干扰、提高稳定性的仿生机翼)”可知，AUV的刚性结构使其在突发水流中容易偏离航向，而仿生机翼正是为了解决AUV在水流中不稳定的问题。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The signals then activate two tubes housed inside the wing body, which are hydraulically pressurized (液压) to change its hardness and shape, correcting any remaining imbalance. (随后信号激活机翼体内的两根管子，通过液压加压来改变其硬度和形状，从而纠正剩余的不平衡)”可知，管内信号被激活后，通过液压加压来改变机翼的硬度和形状，从而纠正剩余的不平衡，即调整机翼的形态。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The results of its tests were impressive. The wing reduced force caused by abrupt underwater currents by 87% compared with rigid wings on conventional AUVs. It responded up to four times faster than soft wings without proprioception (本体感觉) and used five times less energy than systems using heat to change shape. (其测试结果令人印象深刻。与传统自主水下航行器（AUV）上的刚性翼相比，该翼因突发水下水流产生的作用力降低了87%。响应速度是无本体感觉软翼的4倍，能耗仅为利用热能改变形状系统的1/5)”可知，与传统刚性机翼、无本体感觉的软机翼以及热变形系统相比，新机翼在减力、响应速度和能耗方面均表现优异，说明其优于现有设计。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Connecting it to current systems would require rigid connectors to link soft and rigid structures. Further improvements are needed to make the attachment more secure and protect the electrical connections (将其与现有系统连接需要使用刚性连接器来连接柔性和刚性结构。还需要进一步改进，使连接更加牢固并保护电气连接)”可知，Micklem指出将软性机翼与现有刚性系统连接需要刚性连接器，连接对立性质的材料是当前面临的主要工程挑战。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Measure Backward, Not Forward We often measure progress by looking forward. We set goals and plan milestones to predict the future in various fields. For example, can we increase our earnings by 20 percent? Can we lose 20 pounds in the next 3 months? These are all forward-looking measurements. ____16____ Nearly every improvement we wish to make in life requires changes to our daily behaviors. Yet habits become so routine that we barely notice them. The more automatic a behavior is, the harder it is for us to spot its influence. This explains why bad habits often hold us back without our awareness. ____17____ That’s because this approach encourages us to reflect on recent actions and evaluate our choices and progress. ____18____ When measuring backward, we get to enjoy the progress we have made, instead of endlessly longing for an ideal future. We don’t have to put happiness off until we reach a future milestone or goal. Happiness is not just a finish line waiting far ahead. Focusing on how you can immediately improve over your past is more satisfying than comparing your current state to where you hope you’ll be some day. Nevertheless, one warning about this strategy should be kept in mind. ____19____ If I used data from two years ago as a reference to measure progress and make plans, the decisions would surely go wrong. Whether in business, fitness, or personal relationships, using recent results to guide our next actions allows for continuous improvement. Measuring backward does not mean abandoning our goals. ____20____ By shifting focus from what we lack to what we’ve achieved, we transform the journey of progress from a source of anxiety into a celebration of growth. A. The further back you look, the better. B. There is an additional benefit as well. C. Instead, it reshapes the way we pursue them. D. One effective way is to track your daily habits. E. However, measuring backward is equally effective. F. Measuring backward helps uncover these invisible patterns. G. Short-term feedback should be prioritized over long-term feedback. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. B 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了与其向前设定目标，不如向后衡量已取得的进步，以此重塑追求目标的方式并享受成长过程。 【16题详解】 上文“We often measure progress by looking forward. We set goals and plan milestones to predict the future in various fields. (我们经常通过向前看来衡量进步。我们在各个领域设定目标并规划里程碑来预测未来)”说明人们习惯向前设定目标。下文“Nearly every improvement we wish to make in life requires changes to our daily behaviors. (我们希望在生活中做出的几乎每一项改进都需要改变我们的日常行为)”转而讨论日常行为改变。空处承上启下，E选项“However, measuring backward is equally effective. (然而，向后衡量同样有效)”中的“However”转折前文，引出“向后衡量”这一核心概念，与后文内容相呼应，符合语境。 【17题详解】 上文“The more automatic a behavior is, the harder it is for us to spot its influence. This explains why bad habits often hold us back without our awareness. (一种行为越是自动化，我们就越难发现它的影响。这就解释了为什么坏习惯往往在不知不觉中阻碍我们)”指出习惯因自动化而难以察觉其影响。空后“That’s because this approach encourages us to reflect on recent actions and evaluate our choices and progress. (这是因为这种方法鼓励我们反思最近的行为，并评估我们的选择和进步)”解释这种方法的作用。F选项“Measuring backward helps uncover these invisible patterns. (向后衡量有助于揭示这些无形的模式)”中的“these invisible patterns”指代前文的“habits”及其“influence”，说明向后衡量的作用，与后文内容相呼应，符合语境。 【18题详解】 空后“When measuring backward, we get to enjoy the progress we have made, instead of endlessly longing for an ideal future. (当向后衡量时，我们能够享受已取得的进步，而不是无休止地渴望理想的未来)”介绍向后衡量的另一个好处。B选项“There is an additional benefit as well. (还有一个额外的好处)”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文关于享受当下进步的论述，符合语境。 【19题详解】 上文“Nevertheless, one warning about this strategy should be kept in mind. (尽管如此，关于这一策略的一个警告应该牢记在心)”提出警告。空后“If I used data from two years ago as a reference to measure progress and make plans, the decisions would surely go wrong. (如果我用两年前的数据作为参考来衡量进步并制定计划，决策肯定会出错)”举例说明使用过旧数据的危害。G选项“Short-term feedback should be prioritized over long-term feedback. (短期反馈应优先于长期反馈)”是对警告的具体阐述，指出应关注近期数据，与后文“using recent results”相呼应，符合语境。 【20题详解】 上文“Measuring backward does not mean abandoning our goals. (向后衡量并不意味着放弃我们的目标)”说明向后衡量与目标的关系。空后“By shifting focus from what we lack to what we’ve achieved, we transform the journey of progress from a source of anxiety into a celebration of growth. (通过将注意力从我们所缺乏的转移到我们已经实现的，我们将进步的旅程从焦虑的来源转变为对成长的庆祝)”具体说明这种转变带来的积极影响。C选项“Instead, it reshapes the way we pursue them. (相反，它重塑了我们追求目标的方式)”中的“Instead”承接前文，“them”指代“our goals”，进一步阐述了向后衡量对追求目标方式的改变，与后文内容相呼应，符合语境。 第三部分 语言知识运用 （共三节，满分55分） 第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I sat at my laptop intending to work, but I couldn’t. Three days earlier, one student had asked to ____21____ research groups. The student was making steady progress, so I was ____22____. What did I do wrong? After reflecting, I realized I was ____23____ my stress to my students — and that wasn’t fair. When I returned to my home country, I was overwhelmed by pressure to ____24____ funds, publish in journals, and tutor students. Constant reforms in the funding system created ____25____, leaving me in a cycle of writing proposals and being ____26____ on time and patience. Tenure (终身职位) expectations added to the stress. I scheduled ____27____ meetings, left little time for them to think, and often responded sharply when progress was slow, showing no ____28____. The student’s request was a wake-up call. Then I read a book on leadership, which advises leaders to ____29____ opportunities rather than problems. I had been doing the opposite. My student’s feedback also ____30____ me to think back to why I decided to pursue my career in academia. I recalled the excitement I had felt as a postdoc, when ____31____ was king for me. I had thrived in a lab where people freely discussed ideas, driven by a genuine desire to uncover new truths. I wanted that ____32____ in my own lab. Then I changed how I ____33____. I reduced meetings, provided training sessions, and granted more freedom. I am still busy, but happier and more creatively engaged. Funds remain a concern and tenure is still in the air, ____34____ I leave space for my lab members to pursue interesting ideas, no longer trying to rush to the finish line. I’ve learned that research is a ____35____ and I must manage it wisely. 21. A. switch B. join C. form D. lead 22. A. worried B. relieved C. fulfilled D. confused 23. A. showing B. passing C. emphasizing D. owing 24. A. secure B. provide C. use D. donate 25. A. uncertainty B. opportunities C. stability D. unfairness 26. A. keen B. short C. dependent D. tough 27. A. frequent B. emergency C. private D. chance 28. A. humor B. enthusiasm C. regret D. empathy 29. A. miss out on B. turn down C. focus on D. watch out for 30. A. urged B. ordered C. forbade D. advised 31. A. curiosity B. leadership C. authority D. funding 32. A. competition B. environment C. reputation D. progress 33. A. lived B. researched C. managed D. criticized 34. A. or B. and C. so D. yet 35. A. flash B. priority C. battle D. marathon 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一位学者反思自己因压力过大而不当管理学生，后受启发改变管理方式，领悟科研真谛的过程。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：三天前，有个学生要求更换研究小组。A. switch更换；B. join加入；C. form形成；D. lead带领。根据后文“What did I do wrong?”作者反思自己的问题，可推测学生对当前小组不满，请求更换。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个学生一直稳步进步，所以我很困惑。A. worried担心的；B. relieved放松的；C. fulfilled满足的；D. confused困惑的。根据上文“asked to ____ research groups.The student was making steady progress”可知，学生进步良好却要求换组，与作者预期不符，因此作者感到困惑。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过反思，我意识到我正在把自己的压力传递给学生——这是不公平的。A. showing展示；B. passing传递；C. emphasizing强调；D. owing归因于。根据后文“Tenure (终身职位) expectations added to the stress. I scheduled ____ meetings, left little time for them to think, and often responded sharply when progress was slow, showing no  ____.”作者描述自己的压力及对学生的不当态度，可知此处指将自身压力传递给学生。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回到祖国时，我被争取资金、在期刊上发表论文和指导学生的压力压得喘不过气来。A. secure争取，获得；B. provide提供；C. use使用；D. donate捐赠。结合科研场景以及“funds”可知，学者需要争取资金开展研究。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：资助体系的不断改革带来了不确定性，让我陷入了撰写提案、缺乏时间和耐心的循环中。A. uncertainty不确定性；B. opportunities机会；C. stability稳定性；D. unfairness不公平。根据上文“constant reforms”可知，改革会带来不确定性。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：资助体系的不断改革带来了不确定性，让我陷入了撰写提案、缺乏时间和耐心的循环中。A. keen渴望的；B. short短缺的；C. dependent依赖的；D. tough艰难的。根据前文“When I returned to my home country, I was overwhelmed by pressure to ____ funds, publish in journals, and tutor students. ”可知，作者时间和耐心都很短缺。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：我安排了频繁的会议，几乎没给他们思考的时间，而且当进展缓慢时，我常常反应激烈，毫无同理心。A. frequent频繁的；B. emergency紧急的；C. private私人的；D. chance机会。根据下文“left little time for them to think”可知，作者会安排频繁的会议。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我安排了频繁的会议，几乎没给他们思考的时间，而且当进展缓慢时，我常常反应激烈，毫无同理心。A. humor幽默；B. enthusiasm热情；C. regret后悔；D. empathy同理心。根据上文“responded sharply”可知，作者没有站在学生角度考虑，缺乏同理心。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后我读了一本关于领导力的书，书中建议领导者要关注机会而不是问题。A. miss out on错过；B. turn down拒绝；C. focus on关注；D. watch out for警惕。根据后文“I had been doing the opposite”结合作者之前只关注自身压力和问题可知，书中建议关注机会。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生的反馈也促使我回想自己为什么决定从事学术事业。A. urged促使；B. ordered命令；C. forbade禁止；D. advised建议。根据上文“ Then I read a book on leadership, which advises leaders to ____ opportunities rather than problems.”和本句中的also可知，学生的请求和反馈触动了作者，促使他反思。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了自己做博士后时的兴奋，那时好奇心对我来说是最重要的。A. curiosity好奇心；B. leadership领导力；C. authority权威；D. funding资金。结合科研场景，博士后阶段探索未知，好奇心是主要动力。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望在自己的实验室里也有那样的环境。A. competition竞争；B. environment环境；C. reputation名声；D. progress进步。前文“a lab where people freely discussed ideas”是一种科研环境，因此作者希望自己的实验室也有这样的环境。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我改变了管理方式。A. lived生活；B. researched研究；C. managed管理；D. criticized批评。根据后文“I reduced meetings, provided training sessions, and granted more freedom”可知这些都是管理方式的改变，故选C。 【34题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：资金仍然是一个问题，终身职位也仍未确定，但我给实验室成员留出空间去追求有趣的想法，不再试图急于冲过终点线。A. or或者；B. and并且；C. so因此；D. yet但是。前文“Funds remain a concern and tenure is still in the air”与后文“I leave space for my lab members to pursue interesting ideas”是转折关系，yet符合语境。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了研究是一场马拉松，我必须明智地管理它。A. flash瞬间；B. priority优先事项；C. battle战斗；D. marathon马拉松。根据上文“no longer trying to rush to the finish line”可知研究是长期的，像马拉松一样需要耐心，故选D。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the bustling city of Jinan, a new trend is emerging. Young urbanites (都市人) seized by “green fever” are seeking out mud and the simple ____36____ (satisfy) of growing their own tomatoes. Demand at Zhanglingqiu’s Fields, ____37____ newly opened shared vegetable garden in Jinan, is striking: 204 plots (小块土地) of land, ____38____ (measure) about 30 square meters each, were quickly taken by enthusiastic renters. For many of these new urban “farmers”, the experience feels like a realization of virtual games they once ____39____ (play). “This plot is already taking shape,” says Zhao Xinrui, pointing toward an area ____40____ (equip) with stone slabs (厚板) and tea tables. “It looks like a real-life version of QQ Farm,” she adds, referring to the once-popular social media game ____41____ the players managed virtual crops. The business model ____42____ (tailor) for busy urbanites with three different service options. A self-managed plot costs only 1,299 yuan ($188) a year, while semi-managed ____43____ fully managed options can range up to 1,599 and 1,899 yuan ____44____ (annual), with garden staff assisting with weeding, watering and even harvesting. ____45____ the convenience of full management, the majority of renters choose the self-managed route, drawn by the healing value of manual labor. 【答案】36. satisfaction 37. a 38. measuring 39. played 40. equipped 41. where 42. is tailored 43. and 44. annually 45. Despite 【解析】 【导语】济南共享菜园兴起，都市青年热衷租地种菜复刻QQ农场体验。园区提供三种托管套餐，多数租客仍选择自耕，享受劳作治愈感。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：深陷“绿色热潮”的都市年轻人寻找泥土，体验亲手种植西红柿带来的简单满足感。形容词simple后接名词，satisfy的名词形式satisfaction，为不可数名词。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：济南新开的共享菜园章灵丘田园需求火爆：204块菜地，每块约30平方米，很快就被热情的承租者全部租下。此处泛指“一处新开的共享菜园”，且new为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：济南新开的共享菜园章灵丘田园需求火爆：204块菜地，每块约30平方米，很快就被热情的承租者全部租下。此处为非谓语，plots与measure为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作后置定语。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：对许多新晋城市“农夫”而言，这份体验如同实现了曾经玩过的虚拟游戏。这里考查谓语动词，主语they与play为主动关系，once表示过去，应用一般过去时，play过去式played。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：赵欣蕊指着一处配有石板与茶桌的区域说道：“这块菜地已经初具模样。” 此处为非谓语，area与equip为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她补充道：“这里就像是现实版的 QQ 农场”，她说的是那款曾经风靡一时、玩家可打理虚拟农作物的社交小游戏。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词game，表抽象地点，从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这套商业模式专为忙碌都市人定制，设有三种服务方案。此处为谓语动词，主语The business model与tailor为被动关系，介绍客观运营模式用一般现在时，单数主语所以应用is tailored。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：自主打理的地块每年仅需1299元（折合188美元），半托管与全托管地块每年价格分别高达1599元和1899元，园区工作人员会帮忙除草、浇水，甚至采摘作物。分析句子结构可知，semi-managed和fully managed是并列的两类套餐，用并列连词and。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：自主打理的地块每年仅需1299元（折合188美元），半托管与全托管地块每年价格分别高达1599元和1899元，园区工作人员会帮忙除草、浇水，甚至采摘作物。此处副词修饰整句，annual的副词形式annually。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管全托管服务十分便捷，大多数租客还是选择自耕，被手工劳作的治愈价值吸引。由语境可知，此空应填介词despite，表“尽管”，且句首时首字母应大写。 第三节 单句语法填空 （共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 46. The teacher entrusted the monitor ________ the arrangements for the party.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】with 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师把派对的筹备工作交给了班长负责。entrust sb. with sth. 是固定短语，意为“把某事托付给某人（负责）”。结合句意，此处表示老师将派对的筹备工作交给了班长，因此应填介词 with。 47. These words of Dr Lin give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her ________ a life of hard choices. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】through 【解析】 【详解】句意：林医生的这番话让我们得以一窥这位非凡女性的内心世界，以及是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。空格处需填入一个介词与动词 carried 搭配，并接宾语 a life of hard choices。carry...through...意为“使渡过难关、支撑……度过（困难时期等）”。 48. The recently ________ (launch) educational programme aims to teach young people how to make a positive life out of hard choices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】launched 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个近期推出的教育项目旨在教会年轻人如何在艰难抉择中创造积极的人生。本空修饰名词educational programme，二者是被动关系，需用launch的过去分词launched，作前置定语。 49. A balanced diet is an ________ (insure) against malnutrition. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】insurance 【解析】 【详解】句意：均衡饮食是预防营养不良的一种保障。设空处使用名词形式作表语。insure对应的名词形式为insurance，意为“保险、保障”。根据前文的an可知，此处应该使用名词单数。 50. Lance put his head on the doctor’s desk ________ despair with no hope in life. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】in 【解析】 【详解】句意：兰斯绝望地把头靠在医生桌上，对生活不抱任何希望。此处考查固定搭配in despair，意为“绝望地”。 51. He is the only student in the class that has been selected ________ (take) part in the Model United Nations conference. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to take 【解析】 【详解】句意：他是班里唯一被选中参加模拟联合国会议的学生。be selected to do sth表示“被选择去做某事”，不定式作主语补足语。 52. Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms ________ (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】folded 【解析】 【详解】句意：肢体语言能泄露很多关于你情绪的信息，因此双臂交叉站立会传递出一种你处于防御状态的信号。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，fold与逻辑主语your arms之间是被动关系，表示“手臂被交叉”，故用过去分词folded作宾语补足语。 53. Over 3000 lives ________ (claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were claimed 【解析】 【详解】句意：1906年旧金山地震及随后发生的一系列火灾夺走了3000多人的生命。本句主语Over 3000 lives和动词claim之间是被动关系，事件发生在过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用were claimed。 54. Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are ________ (poison) to human beings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】poisonous 【解析】 【详解】句意：工厂产生大量对人类有毒的化学物质。此处为形容词作表语，poison 是名词“毒药”，形容词为poisonous，be poisonous to… 为固定搭配，表示 “对……有毒”。 55. Drunk driving, which was once a frequent ________ (occur), is now under control. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】occurrence 【解析】 【详解】句意：酒驾曾经是一种频繁发生的事件，现在已得到控制。设空处使用名词作表语，空前的不定冠词 a 表示此处应该使用名词单数形式。occur 为动词，意为“发生”，其名词形式为 occurrence，意为“发生的事件”。 56. By opening a novel, I can enter into a wonderful and ________ (mystery) world where I am now a new character. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】mysterious 【解析】 【详解】句意：翻开一本小说，我就能进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，在那里我成了一个全新的角色。本空修饰名词world，和形容词wonderful并列，共同作定语，用形容词mysterious“神秘的”。 57. A diet ________ (lack) in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】lacking 【解析】 【详解】句意：营养价值不足的饮食无法保持一个人的健康。be lacking in意为“缺乏，不足”，此处为形容词短语作后置定语。 58. I attach great importance to this research, and I have included my detailed findings as an ________ (attach) for your review. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】attachment 【解析】 【详解】句意：我十分重视这项研究，并附上了我的详细调查结果作为附件供你查阅。不定冠词an后需接可数名词单数，动词attach对应的名词是attachment，意为“附件”。 59. There are four underground lines in the city, and several lines are ________ construction. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】under 【解析】 【详解】句意：这座城市有四条地铁线路，还有几条线路正在建设中。固定搭配under construction，意为“正在建设中”。 60. Once ________ (attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】attached 【解析】 【详解】句意：一旦连接到轨道上，这辆汽车将由系统提供电力驱动，车辆的控制权将移交至一台中央计算机。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句包含“主语+be动词”的结构时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中once引导的时间状语从句完整形式为Once the car is attached to the rail，省略the car is后保留过去分词attached。 61. I wish I could to do something in return ________ the kindness I have received from him.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】句意：我希望我能做点什么来回报他给予我的善意。此处为固定搭配：in return for“作为对……的回报”。 62. ________ (judge) from her accent, she must be from Sichuan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Judging 【解析】 【详解】句意：从她的口音判断，她一定来自四川。分析句子可知，此处为固定独立结构judging from...，意为“根据……判断”，在句中充当评注性状语。句首单词首字母需大写。 63. He smiles and nods, ________ (indicate) that everything is fine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】indicating 【解析】 【详解】句意：他微笑点头，表示一切顺利。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，indicate和逻辑主语He为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。 64. Among the guests ________ (be) the person you are looking for. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is 【解析】 【详解】句意：在宾客中，就有你正在寻找的人。陈述事实用一般现在时，此处为倒装句，主语为person，谓语用单数。 65. It was not until dark ________ he realized it was too late to return to the camp. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】句意：直到天黑他才意识到回营地已经太晚了。此处构成“It is/was not until...that + 剩余部分”的固定强调句型，用来强调时间状语“not until dark”，用that连接。 66. This signaled one step further in China’s plan ________ (establish) a space station in the future. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to establish 【解析】 【详解】句意：这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。句中已有谓语动词signaled，设空处使用非谓语动词，plan 后通常接动词不定式作后置定语，表示“做……的计划”，构成固定搭配plan to do sth.。 67. The airport ________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be completed 【解析】 【详解】句意：将于明年竣工的这座机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业发展。本句已有谓语动词will help，空处需用非谓语动词。主语The airport与动词complete为被动关系，且表示将来的动作，需用不定式的被动形式to be completed作后置定语。 68. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________ (root) in respect rather than possession. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】rooted 【解析】 【详解】句意：出于爱，李决定将它放归野外，这是一个植根于尊重而非占有的决定。句中已有谓语动词decided，空格处及后面的部分作名词decision的后置定语。动词root与逻辑主语decision之间是被动关系，因此应使用过去分词rooted。 69. A traditional Chinese dance ________ (perform) underwater in Luoyang recently has become famous on social media during the Dragon Boat Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】performed 【解析】 【详解】句意：近日，一段在洛阳水下表演的中国传统舞蹈在端午节期间走红社交媒体。本空修饰名词dance，二者是被动关系，需用perform的过去分词形式performed，作后置定语。 70. ________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Covering 【解析】 【详解】句意：覆盖面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，大熊猫国家公园将成为本国首批国家公园之一。句子主语the GPNP与cover之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词Covering作状语，首字母大写。 第四部分 写作 （满分15分） 71. 假定你是李华，你校英文报Opinion栏目面向高一学生征稿。随着新高考选课推进，请你针对高中阶段三类学习内容：理科学科 (science subjects)、人文科目 (arts subjects)、体育 (physical education)，结合自身学习感悟完成重要性排序，并阐述排序理由，向栏目投稿。 标题：Ranking Balanced Senior High Subjects 要求： 1. 词数120词左右； 2. 观点明确，逻辑衔接自然，论据合理。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Ranking Balanced Senior High Subjects As the issue of subject selection is widely discussed, various arrangements have been proposed. I believe that physical education should come first, followed by science subjects, and then arts subjects. First and foremost, a healthy body is the basis of good grades. Physical education can boost our energy and lift our spirits. Without sufficient energy, our minds become sluggish and unfocused. Moreover, science subjects improve our ability to solve problems. Most careers are related to these subjects. Furthermore, arts subjects are necessary as well, which not only improve our sense of beauty but also bring inner peace. Through arts subjects, we can appreciate the charm of the world and enrich our lives. To put everything in a nutshell, physical education comes first, followed by science and arts subjects. This arrangement can make our study more effective. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，为学校英文报投稿，针对高中理科学科、人文科目、体育三类学习内容进行重要性排序，并结合自身感悟详细阐述排序理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 基础：basis → foundation 解决：solve → tackle 提高，改善：improve → enhance 高效的：effective → efficient 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Moreover, science subjects improve our ability to solve problems. Most careers are related to these subjects. 拓展句：Moreover, science subjects, which most careers are related to, improve our ability to solve problems. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As the issue of subject selection is widely discussed, various arrangements have been proposed. (运用As引导时间状语从句) 【高分句型2】Furthermore, arts subjects are necessary as well, which not only improve our sense of beauty but also bring inner peace. (运用which引导的非限制性定语从句，同时嵌套not only...but also...并列结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 兵团二中高中部高一年级第二学期期末考英语试卷 第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. Which part of the house has been decorated? A. The kitchen. B. The bathroom. C. The living room. 2. Why does the man ask to see the woman’s driver’s licence? A. She drove too fast. B. Her car light was broken. C. She didn’t wear a seat belt. 3. What does the woman want to do first? A. Buy a gift. B. Have a snack. C. Watch the movie. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. In a classroom. C. In a bookstore. 5. What is Hafthor Julius Bjornsson? A. An actor. B. A writer. C. A director. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. How long did the woman work on the computer today? A. 6 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 8 hours. 7. What is the probable relationship, between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student. 听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the main purpose of the tennis match? A. To have fun with friends. B. To raise money for a hospital. C. To compete for a tennis prize. 9. How will Desmond go to Rickard Avenue? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By subway. 10. When will the speakers meet for breakfast? A. At 10:30 a.m. B. At 9:30 a.m. C. At 8:30 a.m. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. Why is Lisa watching a German film? A. To finish her homework. B. To enter a film competition. C. To prepare for her stay in Germany. 12. How does Lisa feel about going to Germany? A. Calm and confident. B. Excited but nervous. C. Happy and relaxed. 13. What do we know about the man? A. He dislikes studying abroad. B. He’s good at foreign languages. C. He didn’t know the programme rule. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Why does the man go to see the professor? A. To hand in his finished paper. B. To ask for advice on his paper. C. To confirm his paper’s due date. 15. What’s the man’s topic of the paper? A. Nature. B. Philosophy. C. Beauty. 16. What does the professor think of the man’s topic? A. It’s too broad. B. It’s too boring. C. It’s too easy. 17. What is the man probably going to do next? A. Change his paper topic. B. Go to the library to do research. C. Discuss Hume with his classmates. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. How many copies of Nicholas Sparks’ books have been sold in the US? A. Over 65 million. B. Over 75 million. C. Over 97 million. 19. When did Sparks create the Nicholas Sparks Foundation? A. In 2001. B. In 2011. C. In 2021. 20. What does Sparks think leads to his success? A. His talent. B. A scholarship. C. His education. 第二部分：阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中 (A、B、C和D) 中，选出最佳选项。 A There are many options for what to drink, but water is the best choice for most people. It is calorie-free and easy to find. How much water do you need? One of the most familiar sayings is to aim for “8 glasses a day,” but this may not be appropriate for every person. The National Academy of Medicine suggests a proper intake of daily fluids of about 13 cups and 9 cups for healthy men and women, respectively, with 1 cup equaling 8 ounces. Higher amounts may be needed for those who are physically active or exposed to very warm climates. Lower amounts may be needed for those with smaller body sizes. It’s important to note that these amounts are not a daily target, but a general guide. General recommendations for daily water intake Age Daily Intake 1-3 years 4 cups, or 32 ounces 4-8 years 5 cups, or 40 ounces 9-13 years 7-8 cups, or 56-64 ounces 14-18 years 8-11 cups, or 64-88 ounces men, 19 and older 13 cups, or 104 ounces women, 19 and older 9 cups, or 72 ounces Is it possible to drink too much water? There is no Tolerable Upper Intake Level for water because the body can usually remove the extra by passing water or sweating. However, a condition called water intoxication (中毒) is possible in rare cases, in which sodium (钠) levels in the blood fall too low. This is usually caused by drinking large amounts of water while at the same time losing sodium through sweat. 1. What factors affect daily water intake? A. Age and personality. B. Climate and diet. C. Weight and mental condition. D. Gender and physical activity. 2. Which daily water intake can be recommended for a 15-year-old? A. 7 cups. B. 10 cups. C. 12 cups. D. 13 cups. 3. Who most likely gets intoxication if drinking much water? A. A runner in a marathon. B. A hiker eating salty snacks. C. A swimmer in a warm pool. D. A cyclist fueled by sports drinks. B Jack, an engineer, never imagined racing alone across the Atlantic, much less in a boat built himself. Yet he bought the materials on the internet and managed to build one. The idea seemed impractical. Jack was then 47 and married for only two years. He and his wife Deby were building their future, and they had family to consider. Yet she encouraged him, because that is what they did for each other: support the best version of themselves. In October 2023, Jack packed his boat and flew to Lagos. Ahead of him lay the first leg of a race that would take him to Antigua, eastern Caribbean. The finish line for the first leg was Lanzarote,100km off the coast of Africa. After less than a week, Jack arrived in Lanzarote before leaving for the Caribbean. The days were bright and nights were completely dark. With the boat moving closer to the equators, heavy rain erased the sky. With the sails down and waves knocking, he stayed on the tiller (舵柄), doing his best to survive through the storm with its 40-mph winds. Eventually, the sky began to lighten. He got through the storm and was pleased with how the boat had held up. The next night, more rain fell. Suddenly, a wave hit the boat and soon the world was spinning (旋转) around him. Thanks to the safety line, Jack didn’t fall off the boat despite the dizziness and tiredness after 28 days at sea. A few days later, the storm stopped. He lay on the boat, exhausted. Crossing the finish line, he sailed 3,186 miles in 33 days, 21 hours, 2minutes. For nearly four years, he had been focused on crossing the Atlantic, and he’s now considering pushing himself in a new direction, like into a dance class. The idea fascinates and terrifies him. He admits to being a poor dancer, but with Deby’s help he might have a chance. 4. Why does the author say Jack’s idea was impractical? A. Jack had no idea how to build a boat. B. Deby felt uncertain about their future. C. Jack still faced varieties of life matters. D. Deby persuaded Jack to focus on family. 5. What is the author’s purpose in detailing the weather? A. To indicate the race’s uniqueness. B. To stress the boat’s steadiness. C. To highlight Jack’s struggle. D. To inspire readers’ sympathy. 6. Which of the following best describes Jack? A. Reliable and caring. B. Brave and persuasive. C. Ambitious and curious. D. Tough and adventurous. 7. What does Jack learn from the race? A. He is fascinated by modern dance. B. He has the potential to try new things. C. He owes his success to Deby’s help. D. He is still terrified by the long race. C In the heartland of Japan, where endless green rice fields paint the landscape like a living blanket, a remarkable form of artistry has emerged — rice paddy art, a practice that transforms ordinary farmland into colourful artworks. While children and adults alike are delighted by the surprisingly complex images, one might wonder: what makes the art a reality? The secret lies in the rice shoots (秧苗). As the plants of different varieties grow, each type progressively turns a different colour ranging from shades of green to purple or gold — to bring an artwork to life. These colorful blocks and lines in fields form vivid designs: towering mountains, lovely animals, and even famous characters from movies and cartoons, which are easily recognizable from high places. The tradition of the paddy art can trace back to just three decades ago in Inakadate, a small Japanese village where rice has been grown for over 2,000 years. The locals got the idea from the sight of children’s multi-colored paintings of rice paddies, then transformed the concept and experimented with it in rice planting. Their efforts paid off. The paddy fields became tourist attractions, greatly boosting the local economy. Creating such art is no simple task. It begins with thorough planning: artists draft detailed blueprints, mapping out exactly the location for each rice variety. Farmers and volunteers then work side by side, carefully planting rice shoots in accordance with the plan. Over months, the fields demand constant care — weeding, watering, and protecting the crops. While Inakadate remains the birthplace of rice paddy art, it now extends widely across Japan. The practice is also becoming all the rage in other countries. In Thailand, one man even arranged for a custom piece of art that spelt out a message asking his girlfriend to marry him. Beyond serving as a striking visual display, the paddy art symbolizes harmony between tradition and innovation. It invites families to experience the beauty of farming, supports rural communities through tourism, and proves that even the ancient practice can adapt to modern creativity — all while keeping nature at its core. 8. What is special about the rice shoots? A. They are created by famous artists. B. They grow better at high places. C. Their colours vary with growth. D. Their designs are meant for movies. 9. What can we infer about creating the paddy art from paragraph 4? A. It is weather-dependent. B. It is cooperation-based. C. It is cost-effective. D. It is time-saving. 10. What does the underlined phrase “becoming all the rage” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Boosting confidence. B. Making profits. C. Celebrating traditions. D. Gaining popularity. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. When Rice Grows with Artistry. B. More Harmonious, More Artistic C. How Tourism Affects Rice Growing D. Modern Tech, Modern Farming D When strong winds strike, birds do not push back — they sense the change and adjust their wings, and fish do the same in shifting currents. Unlike the graceful, flexible bodies of birds and fish, the rigid (刚性) structures of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) leave them easily knocked off course by sudden currents. To address this challenge, researchers have taken inspiration from nature to create a robotic wing that reduces the disturbance caused by underwater currents and improves stability. The team, led by the University of Southampton, looked to use the power of proprioception — the body’s internal sense of position, movement, and force. Using proprioception, birds sense changes in air flow through their feathers, while fish rely on sensors along their bodies to monitor water motion. To copy this functionality, the engineers developed an innovative e-skin that can sense subtle changes caused by water currents. It consists of flexible liquid metal wires encased in soft silicone (硅胶). These act like nerves, sending signals as the wing bends. When hit by a sudden current, the wing first bends naturally, absorbing part of the impact without any energy input. The signals then activate two tubes housed inside the wing body, which are hydraulically pressurized (液压) to change its hardness and shape, correcting any remaining imbalance. The results of its tests were impressive. The wing reduced force caused by abrupt underwater currents by 87% compared with rigid wings on conventional AUVs. It responded up to four times faster than soft wings without proprioception (本体感觉) and used five times less energy than systems using heat to change shape. Its ability to stabilize itself was about twice that of a flying barn owl (仓鸮), although the researchers noted that such biological comparisons should be interpreted with caution. Right now, combining the wing with existing vehicle architectures may present a significant engineering challenge. “Connecting it to current systems would require rigid connectors to link soft and rigid structures. Further improvements are needed to make the attachment more secure and protect the electrical connections,” said Leo Micklem, lead author of the research. 12. What problem does the robotic wing primarily solve? A. Robots’ lack of internal sensors. B. AUVs’ high production cost. C. Robots’ slow speed in still water. D. AUVs’ instability in currents. 13. What is the function of the tubes according to paragraph 3? A. To absorb current impact. B. To adjust the wing’s form. C. To generate electrical signals. D. To detect changes in water flow. 14. What do the test results in paragraph 4 suggest about the new wing? A. Its ability to replace rigid AUVs. B. Its limitation in energy efficiency. C. Its superiority over existing designs. D. Its struggle with large disturbances. 15. What challenge does the new wing face according to Micklem? A. Connection of opposing materials. B. Improvement of sensing accuracy. C. Reduction of manufacturing costs. D. Protection of the ocean environment. 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Measure Backward, Not Forward We often measure progress by looking forward. We set goals and plan milestones to predict the future in various fields. For example, can we increase our earnings by 20 percent? Can we lose 20 pounds in the next 3 months? These are all forward-looking measurements. ____16____ Nearly every improvement we wish to make in life requires changes to our daily behaviors. Yet habits become so routine that we barely notice them. The more automatic a behavior is, the harder it is for us to spot its influence. This explains why bad habits often hold us back without our awareness. ____17____ That’s because this approach encourages us to reflect on recent actions and evaluate our choices and progress. ____18____ When measuring backward, we get to enjoy the progress we have made, instead of endlessly longing for an ideal future. We don’t have to put happiness off until we reach a future milestone or goal. Happiness is not just a finish line waiting far ahead. Focusing on how you can immediately improve over your past is more satisfying than comparing your current state to where you hope you’ll be some day. Nevertheless, one warning about this strategy should be kept in mind. ____19____ If I used data from two years ago as a reference to measure progress and make plans, the decisions would surely go wrong. Whether in business, fitness, or personal relationships, using recent results to guide our next actions allows for continuous improvement. Measuring backward does not mean abandoning our goals. ____20____ By shifting focus from what we lack to what we’ve achieved, we transform the journey of progress from a source of anxiety into a celebration of growth. A. The further back you look, the better. B. There is an additional benefit as well. C. Instead, it reshapes the way we pursue them. D. One effective way is to track your daily habits. E. However, measuring backward is equally effective. F. Measuring backward helps uncover these invisible patterns. G. Short-term feedback should be prioritized over long-term feedback. 第三部分 语言知识运用 （共三节，满分55分） 第一节 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I sat at my laptop intending to work, but I couldn’t. Three days earlier, one student had asked to ____21____ research groups. The student was making steady progress, so I was ____22____. What did I do wrong? After reflecting, I realized I was ____23____ my stress to my students — and that wasn’t fair. When I returned to my home country, I was overwhelmed by pressure to ____24____ funds, publish in journals, and tutor students. Constant reforms in the funding system created ____25____, leaving me in a cycle of writing proposals and being ____26____ on time and patience. Tenure (终身职位) expectations added to the stress. I scheduled ____27____ meetings, left little time for them to think, and often responded sharply when progress was slow, showing no ____28____. The student’s request was a wake-up call. Then I read a book on leadership, which advises leaders to ____29____ opportunities rather than problems. I had been doing the opposite. My student’s feedback also ____30____ me to think back to why I decided to pursue my career in academia. I recalled the excitement I had felt as a postdoc, when ____31____ was king for me. I had thrived in a lab where people freely discussed ideas, driven by a genuine desire to uncover new truths. I wanted that ____32____ in my own lab. Then I changed how I ____33____. I reduced meetings, provided training sessions, and granted more freedom. I am still busy, but happier and more creatively engaged. Funds remain a concern and tenure is still in the air, ____34____ I leave space for my lab members to pursue interesting ideas, no longer trying to rush to the finish line. I’ve learned that research is a ____35____ and I must manage it wisely. 21. A. switch B. join C. form D. lead 22. A. worried B. relieved C. fulfilled D. confused 23. A. showing B. passing C. emphasizing D. owing 24. A. secure B. provide C. use D. donate 25. A. uncertainty B. opportunities C. stability D. unfairness 26. A. keen B. short C. dependent D. tough 27. A. frequent B. emergency C. private D. chance 28. A. humor B. enthusiasm C. regret D. empathy 29. A. miss out on B. turn down C. focus on D. watch out for 30. A. urged B. ordered C. forbade D. advised 31. A. curiosity B. leadership C. authority D. funding 32. A. competition B. environment C. reputation D. progress 33. A. lived B. researched C. managed D. criticized 34. A. or B. and C. so D. yet 35. A. flash B. priority C. battle D. marathon 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the bustling city of Jinan, a new trend is emerging. Young urbanites (都市人) seized by “green fever” are seeking out mud and the simple ____36____ (satisfy) of growing their own tomatoes. Demand at Zhanglingqiu’s Fields, ____37____ newly opened shared vegetable garden in Jinan, is striking: 204 plots (小块土地) of land, ____38____ (measure) about 30 square meters each, were quickly taken by enthusiastic renters. For many of these new urban “farmers”, the experience feels like a realization of virtual games they once ____39____ (play). “This plot is already taking shape,” says Zhao Xinrui, pointing toward an area ____40____ (equip) with stone slabs (厚板) and tea tables. “It looks like a real-life version of QQ Farm,” she adds, referring to the once-popular social media game ____41____ the players managed virtual crops. The business model ____42____ (tailor) for busy urbanites with three different service options. A self-managed plot costs only 1,299 yuan ($188) a year, while semi-managed ____43____ fully managed options can range up to 1,599 and 1,899 yuan ____44____ (annual), with garden staff assisting with weeding, watering and even harvesting. ____45____ the convenience of full management, the majority of renters choose the self-managed route, drawn by the healing value of manual labor. 第三节 单句语法填空 （共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分） 46. The teacher entrusted the monitor ________ the arrangements for the party.（用适当的词填空） 47. These words of Dr Lin give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her ________ a life of hard choices. （用适当的词填空） 48. The recently ________ (launch) educational programme aims to teach young people how to make a positive life out of hard choices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. A balanced diet is an ________ (insure) against malnutrition. （所给词的适当形式填空） 50. Lance put his head on the doctor’s desk ________ despair with no hope in life. （用适当的词填空） 51. He is the only student in the class that has been selected ________ (take) part in the Model United Nations conference. （所给词的适当形式填空） 52. Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms ________ (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. Over 3000 lives ________ (claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it. （所给词的适当形式填空） 54. Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are ________ (poison) to human beings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55. Drunk driving, which was once a frequent ________ (occur), is now under control. （所给词的适当形式填空） 56. By opening a novel, I can enter into a wonderful and ________ (mystery) world where I am now a new character. （所给词的适当形式填空） 57. A diet ________ (lack) in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. （所给词的适当形式填空） 58. I attach great importance to this research, and I have included my detailed findings as an ________ (attach) for your review. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. There are four underground lines in the city, and several lines are ________ construction. （用适当的词填空） 60. Once ________ (attach) to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. （所给词的适当形式填空） 61. I wish I could to do something in return ________ the kindness I have received from him.（用适当的词填空） 62. ________ (judge) from her accent, she must be from Sichuan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 63. He smiles and nods, ________ (indicate) that everything is fine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 64. Among the guests ________ (be) the person you are looking for. （所给词的适当形式填空） 65. It was not until dark ________ he realized it was too late to return to the camp. （用适当的词填空） 66. This signaled one step further in China’s plan ________ (establish) a space station in the future. （所给词的适当形式填空） 67. The airport ________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 68. Li decided out of love to return it to the wild, a decision ________ (root) in respect rather than possession. （所给词的适当形式填空） 69. A traditional Chinese dance ________ (perform) underwater in Luoyang recently has become famous on social media during the Dragon Boat Festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 70. ________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. （所给词的适当形式填空） 第四部分 写作 （满分15分） 71. 假定你是李华，你校英文报Opinion栏目面向高一学生征稿。随着新高考选课推进，请你针对高中阶段三类学习内容：理科学科 (science subjects)、人文科目 (arts subjects)、体育 (physical education)，结合自身学习感悟完成重要性排序，并阐述排序理由，向栏目投稿。 标题：Ranking Balanced Senior High Subjects 要求： 1. 词数120词左右； 2. 观点明确，逻辑衔接自然，论据合理。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $