内容正文:
暑假单词突破营DAY 11
一、核心词汇(新人教版必修一)
暑假单词突破营 Constant dripping wears away the stone.
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
date back to追溯到,远在……年代
bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头
shell /ʃel/ n. 壳,外壳
symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征;符号,标记
carve /kɑːv/ v. 雕刻
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 王朝,朝代
variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 种类;变化,多样性;变体
major /ˈmeɪdʒə/ adj. 主要的;严重的;n. 主修(科目);主修学生;v. 主修(in)
no matter 无论
dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n. 方言
means /miːnz/ n. 方法,手段(单复数同形)
classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 经典的;n. 经典著作
regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ v. 把……视为;n. 关注;尊敬
character /ˈkærəktə/ n. 字;角色;品质;特点
calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 笔迹,墨宝,书法
global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的,全世界的
affair /əˈfeə/ n. 事情,事务;事件
appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 感谢,感激;欣赏
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 具体的;特有的;明确的
CE /ˌsiː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元(=Common Era)
struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ v. 奋斗,拼搏;n. 斗争;奋斗
tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头;语言,说话方式
point of view 观点,看法
semester /sɪˈmestə/ n. 学期(尤指美国、澳大利亚等国的半学年)
petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n. <英>汽油(美式英语用 gas/gasoline)
subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁(美式英语;英式英语用 underground/tube)
apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/ n. <美>公寓(英式 flat)
pants /pænts/ pl. 裤子;内裤(美式英语指长裤,英式英语指内裤)
beg /beɡ/ v. 乞求,恳求
equal /ˈiːkwəl/ adj. 平等的;相等的;n. 同等的人;相等物;v. 等于
二、高频固定搭配与词族拓展
【核心搭配】
date back to 追溯到(后接时间点)
date from 始于,追溯到(后接时间点)
a variety of 各种各样的(后接复数名词)
varieties of 各种各样的
major in 主修(大学专业)
no matter what/who/where/when/how 无论什么/谁/哪里/何时/怎样
by means of 通过……方式
by all means 当然可以;务必
by no means 绝不,决不
regard ... as ... 把……视为……
with/in regard to 关于,至于
as regards 关于,至于
global warming 全球变暖
foreign affairs 外交事务
appreciate (one‘s) doing 感激(某人)做某事
struggle to do sth 努力做某事,挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle against 与……作斗争
mother tongue 母语
from one’s point of view 从某人的角度来看
beg for 乞求,恳求
beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事
be equal to 等于;胜任
equal rights 平等的权利
【词形变换】
vary (v.) → variety (n.) → various (adj.) → variously (adv.)
major (adj./n./v.) → majority (n.)
classic (adj./n.) → classical (adj. 古典的,经典的)
regard (v./n.) → regarding (prep. 关于)
global (adj.) → globe (n.) → globalise/globalize (v.) → globalisation (n.)
appreciate (v.) → appreciation (n.) → appreciative (adj.)
specific (adj.) → specifically (adv.) → specification (n.)
struggle (v./n.) → struggling (adj.)
equal (adj./n./v.) → equally (adv.) → equality (n.)
三、短文翻译练习(原文三篇,请翻译成中文)
Passage 1 · 汉字文化与历史
Chinese characters are one of the oldest writing systems in the world. They date back to the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. The earliest Chinese characters were carved on animal bones and turtle shells. These symbols were used for recording important affairs of the dynasty. Over time, a wide variety of writing styles developed, including the beautiful art of calligraphy. No matter which dynasty you study, you will find that Chinese characters are not just a means of communication but also a symbol of Chinese civilisation. Today, Chinese characters are used not only in China but also in many other countries around the world. Learning Chinese characters can be a struggle for foreign students, but it is also a rewarding experience. From my point of view, the classic works of Chinese literature are worth reading because they reflect the wisdom of our ancestors. I appreciate the beauty of each character and the rich culture behind it. Despite the difficulty, I never give up learning. Regardless of the challenges, I believe that mastering Chinese characters is a lifelong goal.
Passage 2 · 语言学习与文化差异
Learning a foreign language is more than just memorising vocabulary and grammar rules. It also involves understanding different cultures and ways of thinking. English, as a global language, has many varieties and dialects. No matter which dialect you learn, you will find that English speakers from different countries have different points of view and attitudes. For example, petrol is the British word for gas, while subway and apartment are American English terms for underground railway and flat. And pants means something quite different in British and American English! In British English, pants refers to underwear, while in American English, it means trousers. These differences can be confusing, but they also make language learning interesting. During my first semester at university, I struggled with these differences. My native English teacher encouraged me to refer to different reference books and compare the specific uses of words in different contexts. She also taught me to appreciate the variety of English and not to regard one dialect as superior to another. She said, “No matter where you go, the most important thing is to communicate clearly and respect each other’s culture.” Her words left a deep impression on me. From my point of view, learning about these cultural differences makes a difference to our understanding of the world.
Passage 3 · 平等与奋斗
In today‘s world, people from different backgrounds are fighting for equal rights and opportunities. No matter what your nationality, sex, or personality is, everyone deserves to be treated with respect. However, the path to equality is not always smooth. Many people struggle against unfair treatment and beg for basic human rights. From my point of view, we should regard every person as equal and appreciate their unique contributions to society. The global community has made great progress in promoting equality, but there is still a long way to go. Despite the ups and downs, we should never lose heart. Every effort counts, and every small step can make a difference. I believe that determination and wisdom are the keys to overcoming difficulties. No matter how difficult the struggle may be, we should keep moving forward and never give up. In summary, equality is not just a dream—it is a goal that we can achieve together. Let us unify our strength and work towards a better future for all.
四、选词填空(两组,每组10空,请从各自方框中选择并适当形式填空)
Group A
备选词(请选填其中10个,注意时态/语态变化):
date back to, bone, shell, symbol, carve, dynasty, variety, major, no matter, dialect, means, classic
1. The Great Wall is a __________ of Chinese civilisation.
2. This custom __________ the Tang Dynasty.
3. The artist __________ a beautiful flower on the wood.
4. English is a __________ language spoken in many countries.
5. There are a __________ of reasons for learning a foreign language.
6. The archaeologists found animal __________ at the ancient site.
7. He speaks a local __________ that is hard to understand.
8. The __________ of the Qing Dynasty was a golden age of art.
9. She has read many __________ works of literature.
10. The most convenient __________ of travel is by subway.
Group B
备选词(请选填其中10个,注意时态/语态变化):
regard, character, calligraphy, global, affair, appreciate, specific, CE, struggle, tongue, point of view, semester, petrol, subway, apartment, pants, beg, equal
11. Chinese __________ is considered a form of art in many cultures.
12. The Spring and Autumn Period began in 770 __________.
13. I really __________ your help with my English homework.
14. The __________ of the main hero in this novel is very complex.
15. The teacher asked us to give a __________ example to support our argument.
16. The new __________ system in the city has made travelling much easier.
17. She lives in a small __________ near the city centre.
18. Don‘t __________ for money; work hard and earn it yourself.
19. All people are born __________ and should have the same opportunities.
20. I __________ him as one of my best friends because he is always honest.
五、单词填空(共15小题,含首字母填空和单句语法填空)
Part A 首字母填空(根据句意及首字母补全单词)
21. Chinese c__________ are not only a means of communication but also works of art.
22. I really a__________ your kindness in helping me with my project.
23. The teacher gave us s__________ instructions on how to do the experiment.
24. She s__________ to finish the work on time despite the heavy workload.
25. English is a g__________ language that connects people from different countries.
26. He r__________ his success to his teacher’s guidance.
27. The two sisters are of e__________ height and weight.
28. The famous c__________ artist showed us how to write Chinese characters beautifully.
Part B 单句语法填空(用所给词的正确形式填空)
29. This is a __________ (variety) of English spoken in Australia.
30. The __________ (major) of students in our class support the new policy.
31. She has a good __________ (appreciate) of classical music.
32. He is struggling __________ (find) a job after graduation.
33. We should regard everyone as __________ (equal), regardless of their background.
34. The __________ (dynasty) of ancient China left many historical treasures.
35. The teacher asked us to write a __________ (summarise) of the article.
六、单词默写(汉译英)
追溯到 __________
骨头 __________
壳,外壳 __________
象征;符号 __________
雕刻 __________
王朝,朝代 __________
种类;多样性 __________
主要的;主修 __________
无论 __________
方言 __________
方法,手段 __________
经典的;经典著作 __________
把……视为;看待 __________
字;角色;品质 __________
笔迹,书法 __________
全球的 __________
事情,事务 __________
感谢,感激;欣赏 __________
具体的;明确的 __________
公元 __________
奋斗,拼搏;挣扎 __________
舌头;语言 __________
观点,看法 __________
学期 __________
汽油(英式) __________
地铁(美式) __________
公寓(美式) __________
裤子(美式);内裤(英式) __________
乞求,恳求 __________
平等的;相等的 __________
【参考答案】
一、短文翻译参考译文
Passage 1 译文
汉字是世界上最古老的文字体系之一。它们可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝。最早的汉字被刻在动物的骨头和龟壳上。这些符号被用来记录王朝的重要事务。随着时间的推移,发展出了各种各样的书写风格,包括优美的书法艺术。无论你研究哪个朝代,你都会发现汉字不仅仅是一种交流方式,更是中华文明的象征。今天,汉字不仅在中国使用,在世界许多其他国家也被使用。对外国学生来说,学习汉字可能是一场奋斗,但也是一次有意义的经历。在我看来,中国文学的经典作品值得一读,因为它们反映了我们祖先的智慧。我欣赏每一个汉字的美及其背后丰富的文化。尽管困难重重,我从不放弃学习。无论挑战如何,我相信掌握汉字是一生的目标。
Passage 2 译文
学习一门外语不仅仅是记忆词汇和语法规则。它还涉及理解不同的文化和思维方式。英语作为一种全球性语言,有许多变体和方言。无论你学习哪种方言,你都会发现来自不同国家的英语使用者有不同的观点和态度。例如,petrol 是英式英语中对 gas 的说法,而 subway 和 apartment 是美式英语中对 underground railway 和 flat 的说法。pants 在英式英语和美式英语中的意思也大不相同!在英式英语中,pants 指的是内衣,而在美式英语中,它指的是长裤。这些差异可能令人困惑,但它们也让语言学习变得有趣。在大学的第一学期,我努力应对这些差异。我的母语英语老师鼓励我查阅不同的参考书,比较词汇在不同语境中的具体用法。她还教我欣赏英语的多样性,不要认为某一种方言优于另一种。她说:“无论你去哪里,最重要的是清晰沟通和尊重彼此的文化。”她的话给我留下了深刻印象。在我看来,了解这些文化差异对理解世界很有帮助。
Passage 3 译文
在当今世界,来自不同背景的人们正在为平等的权利和机会而奋斗。无论你的国籍、性别或性格如何,每个人都应该受到尊重。然而,通往平等的道路并不总是一帆风顺的。许多人为了反抗不公平待遇而奋斗,并乞求基本的人权。在我看来,我们应该把每个人都视为平等的,并欣赏他们对社会的独特贡献。国际社会在促进平等方面取得了巨大进步,但仍有很长的路要走。尽管有起有落,我们不应该失去信心。每一份努力都很重要,每一小步都能产生影响。我相信决心和智慧是克服困难的关键。无论斗争多么艰难,我们都应该继续前进,永不放弃。总之,平等不仅仅是一个梦想——它是一个我们可以共同实现的目标。让我们团结力量,为所有人创造更美好的未来而努力。
二、选词填空答案
Group A
symbol(象征)
dates back to(追溯到,一般现在时单三)
carved(雕刻,一般过去时)
major(主要的)
variety(种类,a variety of)
bones(骨头,复数)
dialect(方言)
dynasty(王朝)
classic(经典的)
means(方法,单复数同形,用单数)
Group B
calligraphy(书法)
CE(公元)
appreciate(感激,一般现在时)
character(角色,性格)
specific(具体的)
subway(地铁)
apartment(公寓)
beg(乞求,否定祈使句用原形)
equal(平等的)
regard(把……视为,一般现在时)
三、单词填空答案
Part A 首字母填空
characters(汉字,复数)
appreciate(感激)
specific(具体的)
struggled(奋斗,一般过去时)
global(全球的)
regards(把……归因于,一般现在时单三;也可用 attributed,但本词为 regards)
equal(相等的)
calligraphy(书法)
Part B 单句语法填空
variety(品种,a variety of 固定搭配)
majority(大多数,the majority of)
appreciation(欣赏,名词)
to find(struggle to do sth)
equal(as + adj.,作宾语补足语)
dynasties(朝代,复数)
summary(总结,名词)
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