Unit 3 Make it happen！让它实现！（单元阅读精练）英语外研版新教材八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“科技与发明”主题，融合原创时文与中考真题，通过中外案例构建“观察-好奇-坚持-创新”逻辑链，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（Mia智能桶/屠呦呦青蒿素）|阅读理解+五选四，记叙文|围绕“好奇心驱动创新”，整合核心词汇（curiosity/invent）及时态、非谓语动词语法| |实战训练|3篇（鲁班锯/William风车/雨伞史）|中考真题改编，记叙+说明|通过古今中外案例，深化“观察自然-解决问题-传承创新”逻辑，衔接文化意识与学习能力|

Unit 3 Make it happen! 人与社会——科技与发明类 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇名称 题源 题型 体裁 词数 核心主题 内容简述 时文阅读 Passage 1 原创时文 阅读理解 记叙文 254 青少年观察生活痛点，发明智能回收桶，好奇心催生创新 Mia 发现校园垃圾分类难题，研发智能垃圾桶，分享设计，鼓励青少年观察生活、勇于创新 Passage 2 原创时文 五选四 阅读还原 记叙文 291 屠呦呦依靠好奇心与坚持研发青蒿素，推动中医药科研 屠呦呦研读古籍，反复实验，以低温萃取法提取青蒿素，造福全球，鼓励青年保持好奇心 实战训练 Passage 1 2024 山东济宁中考真题 阅读理解 记叙文 228 古人观察自然细节完成发明，好奇心催生创造 鲁班受锯齿野草启发，反复试验造出锯子，无私传授技艺，倡导留心自然细节 Passage 2 改编自 2024 广东深圳中考真题 阅读理解 记叙文 189 非洲少年简易发明改善乡村用电困境，印证好奇心与坚持的力量 非洲少年 William 用废旧材料建造风车发电，解决村庄照明难题，改变村民生活 Passage 3 改编自 2023 辽宁大连中考真题 五选四 阅读还原 说明文 226 中国雨伞的演变历史，体现观察创新与传统文化价值 古人借鉴荷叶发明油纸伞，历经改良形成现代折叠伞，兼具实用功能与文化内涵 Passage 1 Lots of students hate sorting rubbish at school, and messy waste boxes always bring trouble to teachers. 15-year-old Mia noticed this problem last year. She decided to create a smart recycling bin for her school. Mia loved thinking about small improvements in daily life. She enjoyed collecting waste materials in her spare time and never wanted to give up trying new ideas. At first, she planned to ask her science teacher to help design the machine, but she hoped to finish most of the work by herself. She remembered watching many videos about simple machine making online, so she started her project alone. The biggest difficulty was the sensor inside the bin. Mia practised testing different sensors for weeks. Some sensors failed to tell plastic from paper. She didn’t mind staying in the lab after school every day. When she felt upset, she stopped working for a short while to read invention stories. Those stories pushed her to keep improving her design. Six months later, her smart bin was finished. It can give different light tips when students throw rubbish. If people put waste in the wrong boxes, it will send soft warnings. Mia refused to sell her invention for money. She offered to share the design with all schools in her city for free. “I hope more teenagers can find problems around them and try to invent useful things,” Mia said. “Curiosity encourages us to look for better ways of living. Don’t forget to pay attention to the small problems in your life.” 阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 ( )1. Why did Mia want to invent the smart bin? A. To make money for her school. B. To solve the messy rubbish problem at school. C. To win a school science competition. D. To help her teacher collect waste after class. ( )2. What did Mia enjoy doing in her free time? A. Watching invention videos with her teacher. B. Selling waste materials to make pocket money. C. Collecting waste materials and thinking of improvements. D. Staying at home and playing computer games. ( )3. How long did Mia spend testing different sensors? A. For several days. B. For weeks. C. For half a year. D. For one year. ( )4. What will the bin do if people put rubbish wrongly? A. It will turn off the light at once. B. It will give soft warnings. C. It will lock the waste box tightly. D. It will send messages to teachers. ( )5. What can we learn from Mia’s words? A. Curiosity helps people create better ways to live. B. Students should invent machines to make money. C. It’s useless to pay attention to small daily problems. D. We must finish all invention projects with teachers’ help. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. sort /sɔːt/ v. 分类 2. messy /ˈmesi/ adj. 杂乱的，凌乱的 3. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 4. spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的 5. sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ n. 传感器 6. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 沮丧的，难过的 7. lab /læb/ n. 实验室 8. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进，改善 9. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警示，提醒 10. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 11. offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 主动提出 12. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 13. invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造 14. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ n. 麻烦，难题 【长难句分析】 1. She enjoyed collecting waste materials in her spare time and never wanted to give up trying new ideas. 翻译：她喜欢在课余时间收集废旧材料，并且从来不想放弃尝试新想法。 分析：本句由and连接并列谓语；enjoy doing sth.give up doing sth. 均为固定搭配，动名词作宾语；want to do sth. 不定式作宾语，为本单元核心语法。 2. She didn’t mind staying in the lab after school every day. When she felt upset, she stopped working for a short while to read invention stories. 翻译：她不介意每天放学后留在实验室。当她感到沮丧时，她会停下手上的工作，花一小会儿阅读发明家的故事。 分析：when引导时间状语从句；mind doing、stop doing 动名词作宾语；to read 不定式表目的。 3. I hope more teenagers can find problems around them and try to invent useful things. Curiosity encourages us to look for better ways of living. 翻译：我希望更多青少年能够发现身边的问题，并尝试发明实用的物品。好奇心激励我们去寻找更好的生活方式。 分析：hope后接宾语从句；try to do、encourage sb. to do 均为不定式固定结构。 【全文翻译】 很多学生讨厌在学校分类垃圾，杂乱的垃圾桶总给老师们带来麻烦。15 岁的米娅去年发现了这个问题，她决定为学校制作一款智能分类垃圾桶。米娅喜欢思考日常生活里的改良小办法，她课余爱收集废旧材料，并且从不放弃尝试新点子。一开始，她打算请科学老师帮忙设计机器，但她希望独立完成大部分工作。她记得自己看过很多简易器械制作视频，于是独自开启了这个项目。 最大的难题是垃圾桶内部的感应装置。米娅连续数周反复测试不同传感器，部分传感器无法区分塑料和纸张。她一点也不介意每天放学后留在实验室钻研。感到沮丧时，她会停下手里的工作，读一会儿发明家故事，这些故事激励她持续改良设计。 六个月后，她的智能垃圾桶制作完成。学生投放垃圾时，它会亮起不同颜色灯光提示；如果投放错误，设备还会发出柔和提醒。米娅拒绝靠这项发明盈利，她主动把设计图纸免费分享给本市所有学校。 “我希望更多青少年发现身边的难题，并尝试创造实用工具。” 米娅说，“好奇心激励我们寻找更好的生活方式，别忘了留意生活中那些微小的麻烦。” Passage 2 Curiosity is the driving force of all great inventions, and Tu Youyou is a perfect example. She is a famous Chinese scientist who discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）， a special medicine for malaria（疟疾）。 When Tu was young, she hoped to study medical science. She enjoyed reading old Chinese medical books in her free time. She didn’t mind spending years studying traditional herbs（草药）， even when most people thought the old ways were useless. She planned to find natural plants that could cure serious illnesses. _____1_____ Tu decided to search for effective treatment. She remembered reading hundreds of ancient medical records. Her team suggested testing thousands of herbal plants one by one. Tu practised recording the effects of each plant every day. When tests failed many times, she refused to stop her research. The key difficulty was extracting active elements（有效成分） from herbs. _____2_____ She never gave up trying different methods. Finally, she found low-temperature extraction（低温萃取） could keep the medicine effective. _____3_____ She offered to share her research results with scientists all over the world. She always tells young people to hold their curiosity firmly. _____4____ 阅读短文，从下面选项中选出四项填入空白处，使文章内容完整。 A. At that time, many people suffered from malaria. B. Tu kept adjusting experimental temperatures again and again. C. Tu didn’t want to keep this discovery secret. D. She looks forward to seeing more young scientists combine traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology. E. She travelled around the world to collect rare medical plants. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 2. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 3. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现 4. malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾 5. traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的 6. herb /hɜːb/ n. 草药 7. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的 8. extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ v. 提取 9. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究 10. firmly /ˈfɜːmli/ adv. 坚定地 11. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合 【长难句分析】 1. She is a famous Chinese scientist who discovered artemisinin, a special medicine for malaria. 翻译：她是一位著名的中国科学家，发现了青蒿素——一种专门用于治疗疟疾的药物。 句式分析：who引导定语从句修饰scientist；a special medicine for malaria 是同位语，解释artemisinin。本单元语法：不定式、动名词作宾语在下文大量出现。 2. She didn’t mind spending years studying traditional herbs, even when most people thought the old ways were useless. 翻译：即便当时大多数人都认为古法毫无用处，她也不介意花费数年时间研究传统草药。 句式分析：mind doing sth. 动名词作宾语；when引导让步状语从句。单元核心语法考点。 3. She looks forward to seeing more young scientists combine traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology. 翻译：她期待看到更多青年科学家将传统中医药与现代技术相结合。 句式分析：look forward to doing sth.（to为介词，后接动名词），单元必考搭配。 【全文翻译】 好奇心是一切伟大发明的源动力，屠呦呦就是最好的典范。她是我国知名科学家，发现了青蒿素——一种专治疟疾的特效药。 年轻时，屠呦呦立志钻研医药科学。闲暇时，她喜爱研读中医古籍。即便多数人都认为传统古法没有价值，她也甘愿耗费多年钻研草药。她计划找到能够治愈重症的天然植物。 当时，无数百姓饱受疟疾折磨。屠呦呦决心寻找有效的治疗方案。她记得翻阅过数百份古代医学典籍，她的团队提议逐一测试上千种草本植物。屠呦呦每天坚持记录每一种植物的药效，即便实验屡屡失败，她也不愿停下研究的脚步。 最大的难题是从草药中提取有效药用成分。屠呦呦一遍又一遍调整实验温度，从未放弃尝试各类方法。最终，她发现低温萃取能保证药物的药效。 屠呦呦不愿将这项科研成果私藏，她主动向全球科研工作者分享自己的研究数据。她时常告诫年轻人要牢牢守住好奇心。她期待看到更多青年科学家将传统中医药与现代科技融合。 Passage 1 （2024·山东济宁中考真题） Have you ever seen or used a saw? Do you know who invented it? The inventor was Lu Ban. He was born in the state of Lu in ancient China more than 2,500 years ago. Lu Ban was the greatest carpenter（木匠） in his time. Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time. They would be punished if they missed the deadline. They only had axes to cut trees, so work went very slowly. One day Lu Ban rushed up the hill to check on his workers. Suddenly the sharp teeth of a wild leaf cut his hand. He decided to find out the secret of the leaf. He enjoyed watching the thin sharp teeth on the leaf and planned to make a tool with similar teeth. He remembered collecting many kinds of hard metal to test his new idea. He practised making metal strips with small teeth for weeks. When his first model failed to cut wood smoothly, he refused to give up trying again. Finally, he created the first saw. With this great invention, cutting wood became ten times faster. Lu Ban didn’t want to keep this skill to himself. He offered to teach all carpenters around him how to make saws. He told young people to keep their eyes open for small surprising things in nature, because curiosity helps people create new inventions. 阅读短文，从四个选项中选出符合题意的一项。 ( )1. Why did the king ask Lu Ban to build a palace quickly? A. To let him invent new tools. B. To finish the building before the deadline. C. To test his skills as a carpenter. D. To punish him for his slow work. ( )2. What gave Lu Ban the idea of the saw? A. A sharp wild leaf. B. An old metal axe. C. A tree with strange teeth. D. A story about ancient tools. ( )3. What did Lu Ban plan to make after seeing the leaf? A. A new kind of tree. B. A metal tool with sharp teeth. C. A special leaf for cutting wood. D. A palace made of metal. ( )4. What did Lu Ban do with his invention? A. He sold it and made lots of money. B. He kept the design secret all his life. C. He shared the skill with other carpenters for free. D. He only used it for his own building projects. ( )5. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. All inventions come from expensive materials. B. Curiosity and small natural surprises bring new inventions. C. It’s impossible to invent new tools without big labs. D. Ancient carpenters lived a hard and poor life. 【背景知识】 鲁班是春秋战国时期著名工匠，被后世尊为木匠鼻祖。生活中锯子、墨斗、曲尺等木工工具均源自他的创新。他善于从自然草木、动物形态中捕捉灵感，好奇心催生伟大发明。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. saw /sɔː/ n. 锯子 2. carpenter /ˈkɑːpəntə(r)/ n. 木匠 3. deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 最后期限 4. sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 锋利的 5. metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 6. strip /strɪp/ n. 长条，薄片 7. smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 顺畅地 8. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 9. create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造，发明 10. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 11. secret /ˈsiːkrət/ n. 秘密 12. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚 【长难句分析】 1. He enjoyed watching the thin sharp teeth on the leaf and planned to make a tool with similar teeth. 译文：他喜欢观察叶片上细密锋利的齿状边缘，并打算制作一款带有相似齿刃的工具。 结构：enjoy doing sth. 动名词作宾语；plan to do sth. 不定式作宾语，单元核心语法。 2. When his first model failed to cut wood smoothly, he refused to give up trying again. 译文：初代样品切割木材不够顺滑，但他拒绝放弃反复尝试。 结构：when引导时间状语从句；refuse to do / give up doing 固定搭配。 3. He told young people to keep their eyes open for small surprising things in nature, because curiosity helps people create new inventions. 译文：他告诫年轻人多留意自然界里新奇的小事物，因为好奇心是创造发明的动力。 结构：tell sb. to do sth. 不定式作宾语补足语；for引导原因分句。 【全文翻译】 你见过或者用过锯子吗？你知道锯子是谁发明的吗？发明者是鲁班。两千五百多年前，他出生于中国古代的鲁国。鲁班是他那个时代最杰出的木匠。有一次，国王命令他和工匠团队在短期内修建一座宫殿。如果无法按期完工，他们就会受到惩罚。当时大家只能用斧头伐木，进度十分缓慢。 一天，鲁班上山巡查工匠们施工。忽然，一片野草边缘锋利的细齿划破了他的手。他决心弄明白这种叶子的奥秘。他仔细观察叶片细密锋利的齿状边缘，打算制作一款带有相似齿刃的工具。他记得收集了多种硬质金属来验证自己的新想法，接连数周反复制作带细齿的金属条。初代样品切割木料并不顺畅，但鲁班始终不愿放弃反复尝试。 最终，他造出了世界上第一把锯子。凭借这项发明，伐木效率足足提高了十倍。鲁班没有将这项技术私藏，而是主动教会身边所有木匠制作锯子。他告诫年轻人，多留意大自然里细微而奇妙的事物，因为好奇心能够催生全新的发明。 Passage 2 （改编自 2024 广东深圳中考真题） William grew up in a poor village in Africa. There was no electricity, so villagers used dirty oil lamps every night. The lamps produced bad smoke and hurt people’s eyes. William felt worried and wanted to make a difference. He loved learning about wind power in science class. He decided to build a simple windmill（风车）to make clean electricity. He enjoyed collecting old wood and broken bicycle parts to build the model. He didn’t mind spending his weekends testing the small windmill again and again. At first, the windmill could not work well. It fell down easily when strong winds came. William refused to give up. He kept changing the structure of the windmill and asked teachers for advice. After many months of hard work, his big windmill finally worked. It could produce enough electricity for many houses. Now the village has clean and safe lights. Kids can study at night, and families no longer use harmful oil lamps. William hopes more young people will look around and solve local problems with simple inventions. Curiosity and persistence（坚持） can change the world. 阅读短文，从四个选项中选出符合题意的一项。 ( )1. Why did William want to build a windmill? A. To make money for his family. B. To create clean electricity for his village. C. To win a school science competition. D. To learn more about modern factories. ( )2. What materials did William use to build his first windmill? A. New expensive metal and glass. B. Old wood and broken bicycle parts. C. Special solar plates and batteries. D. Plastic bottles and paper boards. ( )3. What was the main problem with his early windmill? A. It was too small to produce electricity. B. It was easy to fall down in strong winds. C. It made too much noise when working. D. It cost too much money to run. ( )4. What changed the villagers’ lives greatly? A. The clean electricity from the windmill. B. The new oil lamps bought from the city. C. The new school built by volunteers. D. The big roads around the village. ( ) 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wind power is the cheapest energy in Africa. B. Young people can change lives with simple creative inventions. C. All villages must build big modern windmills. D. Oil lamps are still necessary for poor villages. 【背景知识】 本文原型人物是 William Kamkwamba（威廉·坎宽巴），来自非洲马拉维的贫困乡村。当地长期电力匮乏，村民依靠劣质煤油灯照明，烟雾损害身体健康。威廉通过自学科学知识，利用废旧木料、自行车零件造出风车发电，改善了全村用电条件，是青少年依靠好奇心、坚持和动手创新改变家乡命运的真实励志故事。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电，电力 2. windmill /ˈwɪndmɪl/ n. 风车 3. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 4. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构 5. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 产生，生产 6. persistence /pəˈsɪstəns/ n. 坚持，毅力 7. model /ˈmɒdl/ n. 模型 8. solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决 9. simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的 10. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 11. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 12. dirty /ˈdɜːti/ adj. 肮脏的 【长难句分析】 1. He enjoyed collecting old wood and broken bicycle parts to build the model. 译文：他喜欢收集旧木料和废旧自行车零件来制作模型风车。 句式分析：enjoy doing sth. 动名词作宾语（单元核心语法）；不定式 `to build` 作目的状语，说明收集材料的目的。 2. He didn’t mind spending his weekends testing the small windmill again and again. 译文：他不介意利用整个周末反复调试这个小型风车。 句式分析：mind doing sth. 动名词作宾语；固定句型 `spend time doing sth.体现反复坚持试验的过程。 3. Curiosity and persistence can change the world. 译文：好奇心与坚持不懈，能够改变世界。 句式分析：并列名词 `Curiosity and persistence` 作句子主语，为本篇主旨句，点明全文核心思想。 【全文翻译】 威廉成长于非洲一个贫困的村庄。村里没有供电，村民们每晚都只能用劣质煤油灯照明。油灯冒出刺鼻浓烟，损伤人们的眼睛。威廉十分忧心，想要改变现状。 他在科学课上学到了风力发电的知识，决定建造一座简易风车来产生清洁电能。他收集旧木料和废旧自行车零件制作模型，甘愿利用周末时间反复调试这台小型风车。 起初，风车运转状况很差，大风一吹就很容易倒塌。但威廉不肯放弃，反复改造风车结构，还向老师请教改进方法。经过数月不懈努力，这座大型风车终于成功运转，可为多户家庭提供充足电力。 如今村庄用上了干净安全的电灯，孩子们可以在夜里安心读书，家家户户也不再使用有害的煤油灯。威廉希望更多年轻人细心观察生活，用简单的发明解决身边的难题。好奇心和坚持，足以改变世界。 Passage 3（改编自 2023年辽宁大连中考真题） Many great inventions come from people’s curiosity and careful observation. Some inventions are old but still helpful in our daily life. The umbrella is one of the oldest useful inventions in China. _____1_____Thousands of years ago, ancient Chinese people wanted to stay safe from rain and strong sunlight. They watched the shape of big lotus leaves （荷叶）and got a new idea. _____2_____ They made the first umbrella with bamboo frames and oil paper. Early umbrellas were not easy to fold（折叠）. People have kept improving the structure and materials of umbrellas for hundreds of years. _____3_____ Now we have light foldable umbrellas that we can carry everywhere. The umbrella is more than a daily tool. It also carries Chinese culture. _____4_____ It reminds us that observation and curiosity can lead to wonderful inventions. 阅读短文，从下面选项中选出四项填入空白处，使文章内容完整。 A. It has a long history of more than 2,000 years. B. Ancient Chinese inventors tried to make a portable （便携的）rain cover. C. Finally, modern foldable umbrellas appeared. D. It stands for good wishes and protection in Chinese culture. E. The umbrella was first brought to Europe in the 16th century. 【背景知识】 雨伞是中国最古老的发明之一，相传最早由鲁班及其妻子受荷叶形态启发创造，早期以竹骨、油纸制作，多用于遮雨防晒，同时融入中式民俗文化，象征庇护与美好祝愿。经过漫长迭代，逐渐演变为现代便携折叠伞。本文借雨伞发展史，点明主旨：细致观察与好奇心能够催生伟大发明，体现中国古代劳动人民的创新智慧。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察 2. umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ n. 雨伞 3. lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 荷花 4. bamboo /bæmˈbuː/ n. 竹子 5. frame /freɪm/ n. 骨架，框架 6. foldable /ˈfəʊldəbl/ adj. 可折叠的 7. portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/ adj. 便携的 8. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的 9. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 10. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构 11. protection /prəˈtekʃn/ n. 保护，庇护 12. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 【长难句分析】 1. Many great inventions come from people’s curiosity and careful observation. 译文：许多伟大的发明都源于人们的好奇心和细致的观察。 句式分析：主谓宾基础句型；come from` 意为源自，点明全文核心主旨。 2. Now we have light foldable umbrellas that we can carry everywhere. 译文：如今我们拥有轻便的折叠伞，可以随身携带。 句式分析：that we can carry everywhere` 是定语从句，修饰先行词 umbrellas，限定描述现代雨伞的特点。 3. It reminds us that observation and curiosity can lead to wonderful inventions. 译文：它提醒我们，观察与好奇心能够催生伟大的发明。 句式分析：remind us that. 宾语从句结构，结尾升华主题。 【全文翻译】 许多伟大发明都源于人们的好奇心与细致观察。有些发明年代久远，至今仍在我们日常生活中发挥作用。 雨伞是中国最古老的实用发明之一。它拥有两千多年的悠久历史。数千年前，古代中国人想要躲避雨水和烈日暴晒。他们观察大荷叶的形状，由此获得了灵感。 古代中国发明家尝试制作便携防雨用具。古人用竹制骨架和油纸做出了最早的雨伞。早期的雨伞并不方便折叠。数百年来，人们持续改良雨伞的结构与材质。最终，现代折叠伞问世了。如今我们拥有轻便的折叠伞，可以随身携带。 雨伞不仅仅是日常用品，它还承载着中国文化。在中国文化里，它象征着美好祝愿与守护。它提醒我们：细心的观察与好奇心，能够催生出伟大的发明。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Make it happen! 人与社会——科技与发明类 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇名称 题源 题型 体裁 词数 核心主题 内容简述 时文阅读 Passage 1 原创时文 阅读理解 记叙文 254 青少年观察生活痛点，发明智能回收桶，好奇心催生创新 Mia 发现校园垃圾分类难题，研发智能垃圾桶，分享设计，鼓励青少年观察生活、勇于创新 Passage 2 原创时文 五选四 阅读还原 记叙文 291 屠呦呦依靠好奇心与坚持研发青蒿素，推动中医药科研 屠呦呦研读古籍，反复实验，以低温萃取法提取青蒿素，造福全球，鼓励青年保持好奇心 实战训练 Passage 1 2024 山东济宁中考真题 阅读理解 记叙文 228 古人观察自然细节完成发明，好奇心催生创造 鲁班受锯齿野草启发，反复试验造出锯子，无私传授技艺，倡导留心自然细节 Passage 2 改编自 2024 广东深圳中考真题 阅读理解 记叙文 189 非洲少年简易发明改善乡村用电困境，印证好奇心与坚持的力量 非洲少年 William 用废旧材料建造风车发电，解决村庄照明难题，改变村民生活 Passage 3 改编自 2023 辽宁大连中考真题 五选四 阅读还原 说明文 226 中国雨伞的演变历史，体现观察创新与传统文化价值 古人借鉴荷叶发明油纸伞，历经改良形成现代折叠伞，兼具实用功能与文化内涵 Passage 1 Lots of students hate sorting rubbish at school, and messy waste boxes always bring trouble to teachers. 15-year-old Mia noticed this problem last year. She decided to create a smart recycling bin for her school. Mia loved thinking about small improvements in daily life. She enjoyed collecting waste materials in her spare time and never wanted to give up trying new ideas. At first, she planned to ask her science teacher to help design the machine, but she hoped to finish most of the work by herself. She remembered watching many videos about simple machine making online, so she started her project alone. The biggest difficulty was the sensor inside the bin. Mia practised testing different sensors for weeks. Some sensors failed to tell plastic from paper. She didn’t mind staying in the lab after school every day. When she felt upset, she stopped working for a short while to read invention stories. Those stories pushed her to keep improving her design. Six months later, her smart bin was finished. It can give different light tips when students throw rubbish. If people put waste in the wrong boxes, it will send soft warnings. Mia refused to sell her invention for money. She offered to share the design with all schools in her city for free. “I hope more teenagers can find problems around them and try to invent useful things,” Mia said. “Curiosity encourages us to look for better ways of living. Don’t forget to pay attention to the small problems in your life.” 阅读短文，选择正确的答案。 ( )1. Why did Mia want to invent the smart bin? A. To make money for her school. B. To solve the messy rubbish problem at school. C. To win a school science competition. D. To help her teacher collect waste after class. ( )2. What did Mia enjoy doing in her free time? A. Watching invention videos with her teacher. B. Selling waste materials to make pocket money. C. Collecting waste materials and thinking of improvements. D. Staying at home and playing computer games. ( )3. How long did Mia spend testing different sensors? A. For several days. B. For weeks. C. For half a year. D. For one year. ( )4. What will the bin do if people put rubbish wrongly? A. It will turn off the light at once. B. It will give soft warnings. C. It will lock the waste box tightly. D. It will send messages to teachers. ( )5. What can we learn from Mia’s words? A. Curiosity helps people create better ways to live. B. Students should invent machines to make money. C. It’s useless to pay attention to small daily problems. D. We must finish all invention projects with teachers’ help. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. sort /sɔːt/ v. 分类 2. messy /ˈmesi/ adj. 杂乱的，凌乱的 3. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 4. spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的 5. sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ n. 传感器 6. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 沮丧的，难过的 7. lab /læb/ n. 实验室 8. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改进，改善 9. warning /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ n. 警示，提醒 10. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 11. offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ v. 主动提出 12. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 13. invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造 14. trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ n. 麻烦，难题 【长难句分析】 1. She enjoyed collecting waste materials in her spare time and never wanted to give up trying new ideas. 翻译：她喜欢在课余时间收集废旧材料，并且从来不想放弃尝试新想法。 分析：本句由and连接并列谓语；enjoy doing sth.give up doing sth. 均为固定搭配，动名词作宾语；want to do sth. 不定式作宾语，为本单元核心语法。 2. She didn’t mind staying in the lab after school every day. When she felt upset, she stopped working for a short while to read invention stories. 翻译：她不介意每天放学后留在实验室。当她感到沮丧时，她会停下手上的工作，花一小会儿阅读发明家的故事。 分析：when引导时间状语从句；mind doing、stop doing 动名词作宾语；to read 不定式表目的。 3. I hope more teenagers can find problems around them and try to invent useful things. Curiosity encourages us to look for better ways of living. 翻译：我希望更多青少年能够发现身边的问题，并尝试发明实用的物品。好奇心激励我们去寻找更好的生活方式。 分析：hope后接宾语从句；try to do、encourage sb. to do 均为不定式固定结构。 【全文翻译】 很多学生讨厌在学校分类垃圾，杂乱的垃圾桶总给老师们带来麻烦。15 岁的米娅去年发现了这个问题，她决定为学校制作一款智能分类垃圾桶。米娅喜欢思考日常生活里的改良小办法，她课余爱收集废旧材料，并且从不放弃尝试新点子。一开始，她打算请科学老师帮忙设计机器，但她希望独立完成大部分工作。她记得自己看过很多简易器械制作视频，于是独自开启了这个项目。 最大的难题是垃圾桶内部的感应装置。米娅连续数周反复测试不同传感器，部分传感器无法区分塑料和纸张。她一点也不介意每天放学后留在实验室钻研。感到沮丧时，她会停下手里的工作，读一会儿发明家故事，这些故事激励她持续改良设计。 六个月后，她的智能垃圾桶制作完成。学生投放垃圾时，它会亮起不同颜色灯光提示；如果投放错误，设备还会发出柔和提醒。米娅拒绝靠这项发明盈利，她主动把设计图纸免费分享给本市所有学校。 “我希望更多青少年发现身边的难题，并尝试创造实用工具。” 米娅说，“好奇心激励我们寻找更好的生活方式，别忘了留意生活中那些微小的麻烦。” 【答案解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：文章首段提到校园垃圾桶杂乱带来麻烦，Mia注意到此问题后决定发明智能垃圾桶。A、C、D文中均无相关表述。 2. 答案：C 解析：原文第二段写明“She loved thinking about small improvements in daily life. She enjoyed collecting waste materials in her spare time”，与C选项表述完全对应，其余选项原文未提及。 3. 答案：B 解析：第三段原句“Mia practised testing different sensors for weeks.”直接说明测试传感器花费了数周；半年是完成整个垃圾桶的总时长，并非测试传感器的时间。 4. 答案：B 解析：第四段“If people put waste in the wrong boxes, it will send soft warnings.”表明投放错误时垃圾桶会发出柔和警示，其余选项内容文中没有出现。 5. 答案：A 解析：文末Mia的原话“Curiosity encourages us to look for better ways of living.”对应A选项；B与原文免费分享发明的理念相悖，C、D表述和文章内容完全相反。 Passage 2 Curiosity is the driving force of all great inventions, and Tu Youyou is a perfect example. She is a famous Chinese scientist who discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）， a special medicine for malaria（疟疾）。 When Tu was young, she hoped to study medical science. She enjoyed reading old Chinese medical books in her free time. She didn’t mind spending years studying traditional herbs（草药）， even when most people thought the old ways were useless. She planned to find natural plants that could cure serious illnesses. _____1_____ Tu decided to search for effective treatment. She remembered reading hundreds of ancient medical records. Her team suggested testing thousands of herbal plants one by one. Tu practised recording the effects of each plant every day. When tests failed many times, she refused to stop her research. The key difficulty was extracting active elements（有效成分） from herbs. _____2_____ She never gave up trying different methods. Finally, she found low-temperature extraction（低温萃取） could keep the medicine effective. _____3_____ She offered to share her research results with scientists all over the world. She always tells young people to hold their curiosity firmly. _____4____ 阅读短文，从下面选项中选出四项填入空白处，使文章内容完整。 A. At that time, many people suffered from malaria. B. Tu kept adjusting experimental temperatures again and again. C. Tu didn’t want to keep this discovery secret. D. She looks forward to seeing more young scientists combine traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology. E. She travelled around the world to collect rare medical plants. 【重难词汇梳理】 1. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 2. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 3. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/ v. 发现 4. malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾 5. traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的 6. herb /hɜːb/ n. 草药 7. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的 8. extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ v. 提取 9. research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ n. 研究 10. firmly /ˈfɜːmli/ adv. 坚定地 11. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合 【长难句分析】 1. She is a famous Chinese scientist who discovered artemisinin, a special medicine for malaria. 翻译：她是一位著名的中国科学家，发现了青蒿素——一种专门用于治疗疟疾的药物。 句式分析：who引导定语从句修饰scientist；a special medicine for malaria 是同位语，解释artemisinin。本单元语法：不定式、动名词作宾语在下文大量出现。 2. She didn’t mind spending years studying traditional herbs, even when most people thought the old ways were useless. 翻译：即便当时大多数人都认为古法毫无用处，她也不介意花费数年时间研究传统草药。 句式分析：mind doing sth. 动名词作宾语；when引导让步状语从句。单元核心语法考点。 3. She looks forward to seeing more young scientists combine traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology. 翻译：她期待看到更多青年科学家将传统中医药与现代技术相结合。 句式分析：look forward to doing sth.（to为介词，后接动名词），单元必考搭配。 【全文翻译】 好奇心是一切伟大发明的源动力，屠呦呦就是最好的典范。她是我国知名科学家，发现了青蒿素——一种专治疟疾的特效药。 年轻时，屠呦呦立志钻研医药科学。闲暇时，她喜爱研读中医古籍。即便多数人都认为传统古法没有价值，她也甘愿耗费多年钻研草药。她计划找到能够治愈重症的天然植物。 当时，无数百姓饱受疟疾折磨。屠呦呦决心寻找有效的治疗方案。她记得翻阅过数百份古代医学典籍，她的团队提议逐一测试上千种草本植物。屠呦呦每天坚持记录每一种植物的药效，即便实验屡屡失败，她也不愿停下研究的脚步。 最大的难题是从草药中提取有效药用成分。屠呦呦一遍又一遍调整实验温度，从未放弃尝试各类方法。最终，她发现低温萃取能保证药物的药效。 屠呦呦不愿将这项科研成果私藏，她主动向全球科研工作者分享自己的研究数据。她时常告诫年轻人要牢牢守住好奇心。她期待看到更多青年科学家将传统中医药与现代科技融合。 【答案解析】 1.答案：A 解析：空后屠呦呦决定寻找有效治疗方案，前文介绍疟疾特效药青蒿素，A选项“当时很多人饱受疟疾折磨”交代研究背景，衔接上下文；E选项周游世界采草药原文无依据，排除。 2.答案：B 解析：前文提取草药有效成分是最大难题，后文说她不断尝试方法，最终发现低温萃取。B选项“屠呦呦反复调整实验温度”对应低温萃取的实验过程，逻辑通顺。 3.答案：C 解析：后文写她向全球科学家分享研究成果，C选项“屠呦呦不愿独占这项研究发现”与分享成果语义一致，形成因果衔接。 4.答案：D 解析：前文她叮嘱年轻人坚守好奇心，D选项“她期待更多青年科学家融合传统中医药与现代科技”承接对青年的寄语，升华主题。 干扰项E：全文未提及环游世界采集珍稀草药，和文章内容无关，故排除。 Passage 1 （2024·山东济宁中考真题） Have you ever seen or used a saw? Do you know who invented it? The inventor was Lu Ban. He was born in the state of Lu in ancient China more than 2,500 years ago. Lu Ban was the greatest carpenter（木匠） in his time. Once the king ordered him and his team to build a palace in a very short time. They would be punished if they missed the deadline. They only had axes to cut trees, so work went very slowly. One day Lu Ban rushed up the hill to check on his workers. Suddenly the sharp teeth of a wild leaf cut his hand. He decided to find out the secret of the leaf. He enjoyed watching the thin sharp teeth on the leaf and planned to make a tool with similar teeth. He remembered collecting many kinds of hard metal to test his new idea. He practised making metal strips with small teeth for weeks. When his first model failed to cut wood smoothly, he refused to give up trying again. Finally, he created the first saw. With this great invention, cutting wood became ten times faster. Lu Ban didn’t want to keep this skill to himself. He offered to teach all carpenters around him how to make saws. He told young people to keep their eyes open for small surprising things in nature, because curiosity helps people create new inventions. 阅读短文，从四个选项中选出符合题意的一项。 ( )1. Why did the king ask Lu Ban to build a palace quickly? A. To let him invent new tools. B. To finish the building before the deadline. C. To test his skills as a carpenter. D. To punish him for his slow work. ( )2. What gave Lu Ban the idea of the saw? A. A sharp wild leaf. B. An old metal axe. C. A tree with strange teeth. D. A story about ancient tools. ( )3. What did Lu Ban plan to make after seeing the leaf? A. A new kind of tree. B. A metal tool with sharp teeth. C. A special leaf for cutting wood. D. A palace made of metal. ( )4. What did Lu Ban do with his invention? A. He sold it and made lots of money. B. He kept the design secret all his life. C. He shared the skill with other carpenters for free. D. He only used it for his own building projects. ( )5. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. All inventions come from expensive materials. B. Curiosity and small natural surprises bring new inventions. C. It’s impossible to invent new tools without big labs. D. Ancient carpenters lived a hard and poor life. 【背景知识】 鲁班是春秋战国时期著名工匠，被后世尊为木匠鼻祖。生活中锯子、墨斗、曲尺等木工工具均源自他的创新。他善于从自然草木、动物形态中捕捉灵感，好奇心催生伟大发明。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. saw /sɔː/ n. 锯子 2. carpenter /ˈkɑːpəntə(r)/ n. 木匠 3. deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 最后期限 4. sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 锋利的 5. metal /ˈmetl/ n. 金属 6. strip /strɪp/ n. 长条，薄片 7. smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ adv. 顺畅地 8. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 9. create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造，发明 10. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 11. secret /ˈsiːkrət/ n. 秘密 12. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚 【长难句分析】 1. He enjoyed watching the thin sharp teeth on the leaf and planned to make a tool with similar teeth. 译文：他喜欢观察叶片上细密锋利的齿状边缘，并打算制作一款带有相似齿刃的工具。 结构：enjoy doing sth. 动名词作宾语；plan to do sth. 不定式作宾语，单元核心语法。 2. When his first model failed to cut wood smoothly, he refused to give up trying again. 译文：初代样品切割木材不够顺滑，但他拒绝放弃反复尝试。 结构：when引导时间状语从句；refuse to do / give up doing 固定搭配。 3. He told young people to keep their eyes open for small surprising things in nature, because curiosity helps people create new inventions. 译文：他告诫年轻人多留意自然界里新奇的小事物，因为好奇心是创造发明的动力。 结构：tell sb. to do sth. 不定式作宾语补足语；for引导原因分句。 【全文翻译】 你见过或者用过锯子吗？你知道锯子是谁发明的吗？发明者是鲁班。两千五百多年前，他出生于中国古代的鲁国。鲁班是他那个时代最杰出的木匠。有一次，国王命令他和工匠团队在短期内修建一座宫殿。如果无法按期完工，他们就会受到惩罚。当时大家只能用斧头伐木，进度十分缓慢。 一天，鲁班上山巡查工匠们施工。忽然，一片野草边缘锋利的细齿划破了他的手。他决心弄明白这种叶子的奥秘。他仔细观察叶片细密锋利的齿状边缘，打算制作一款带有相似齿刃的工具。他记得收集了多种硬质金属来验证自己的新想法，接连数周反复制作带细齿的金属条。初代样品切割木料并不顺畅，但鲁班始终不愿放弃反复尝试。 最终，他造出了世界上第一把锯子。凭借这项发明，伐木效率足足提高了十倍。鲁班没有将这项技术私藏，而是主动教会身边所有木匠制作锯子。他告诫年轻人，多留意大自然里细微而奇妙的事物，因为好奇心能够催生全新的发明。 【答案解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：原文第一段提到“They would be punished if they missed the deadline”，国王要求鲁班快速修建宫殿，是为了在最后期限前完工。A、C、D原文均无相关表述。 2. 答案：A 解析：文中“Suddenly the sharp teeth of a wild leaf cut his hand”说明一片锋利的野草叶片给了鲁班发明锯子的灵感，对应A选项。 3. 答案：B 解析：原文“He enjoyed watching the thin sharp teeth on the leaf and planned to make a tool with similar teeth”，看完叶片后他打算制作带锋利齿刃的金属工具，对应B。 4. 答案：C 解析：文中“Lu Ban didn’t want to keep this skill to himself. He offered to teach all carpenters around him how to make saws”，鲁班无私把制作技艺分享给其他木匠，对应C。 5. 答案：B 解析：文章结尾点明主旨“keep their eyes open for small surprising things in nature, because curiosity helps people create new inventions”，说明好奇心与自然界微小事物能催生发明，对应B。A、C表述绝对，D偏离文章核心。 Passage 2 （改编自 2024 广东深圳中考真题） William grew up in a poor village in Africa. There was no electricity, so villagers used dirty oil lamps every night. The lamps produced bad smoke and hurt people’s eyes. William felt worried and wanted to make a difference. He loved learning about wind power in science class. He decided to build a simple windmill（风车）to make clean electricity. He enjoyed collecting old wood and broken bicycle parts to build the model. He didn’t mind spending his weekends testing the small windmill again and again. At first, the windmill could not work well. It fell down easily when strong winds came. William refused to give up. He kept changing the structure of the windmill and asked teachers for advice. After many months of hard work, his big windmill finally worked. It could produce enough electricity for many houses. Now the village has clean and safe lights. Kids can study at night, and families no longer use harmful oil lamps. William hopes more young people will look around and solve local problems with simple inventions. Curiosity and persistence（坚持） can change the world. 阅读短文，从四个选项中选出符合题意的一项。 ( )1. Why did William want to build a windmill? A. To make money for his family. B. To create clean electricity for his village. C. To win a school science competition. D. To learn more about modern factories. ( )2. What materials did William use to build his first windmill? A. New expensive metal and glass. B. Old wood and broken bicycle parts. C. Special solar plates and batteries. D. Plastic bottles and paper boards. ( )3. What was the main problem with his early windmill? A. It was too small to produce electricity. B. It was easy to fall down in strong winds. C. It made too much noise when working. D. It cost too much money to run. ( )4. What changed the villagers’ lives greatly? A. The clean electricity from the windmill. B. The new oil lamps bought from the city. C. The new school built by volunteers. D. The big roads around the village. ( ) 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wind power is the cheapest energy in Africa. B. Young people can change lives with simple creative inventions. C. All villages must build big modern windmills. D. Oil lamps are still necessary for poor villages. 【背景知识】 本文原型人物是 William Kamkwamba（威廉·坎宽巴），来自非洲马拉维的贫困乡村。当地长期电力匮乏，村民依靠劣质煤油灯照明，烟雾损害身体健康。威廉通过自学科学知识，利用废旧木料、自行车零件造出风车发电，改善了全村用电条件，是青少年依靠好奇心、坚持和动手创新改变家乡命运的真实励志故事。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电，电力 2. windmill /ˈwɪndmɪl/ n. 风车 3. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 4. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构 5. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 产生，生产 6. persistence /pəˈsɪstəns/ n. 坚持，毅力 7. model /ˈmɒdl/ n. 模型 8. solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决 9. simple /ˈsɪmpl/ adj. 简单的 10. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 11. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝 12. dirty /ˈdɜːti/ adj. 肮脏的 【长难句分析】 1. He enjoyed collecting old wood and broken bicycle parts to build the model. 译文：他喜欢收集旧木料和废旧自行车零件来制作模型风车。 句式分析：enjoy doing sth. 动名词作宾语（单元核心语法）；不定式 `to build` 作目的状语，说明收集材料的目的。 2. He didn’t mind spending his weekends testing the small windmill again and again. 译文：他不介意利用整个周末反复调试这个小型风车。 句式分析：mind doing sth. 动名词作宾语；固定句型 `spend time doing sth.体现反复坚持试验的过程。 3. Curiosity and persistence can change the world. 译文：好奇心与坚持不懈，能够改变世界。 句式分析：并列名词 `Curiosity and persistence` 作句子主语，为本篇主旨句，点明全文核心思想。 【全文翻译】 威廉成长于非洲一个贫困的村庄。村里没有供电，村民们每晚都只能用劣质煤油灯照明。油灯冒出刺鼻浓烟，损伤人们的眼睛。威廉十分忧心，想要改变现状。 他在科学课上学到了风力发电的知识，决定建造一座简易风车来产生清洁电能。他收集旧木料和废旧自行车零件制作模型，甘愿利用周末时间反复调试这台小型风车。 起初，风车运转状况很差，大风一吹就很容易倒塌。但威廉不肯放弃，反复改造风车结构，还向老师请教改进方法。经过数月不懈努力，这座大型风车终于成功运转，可为多户家庭提供充足电力。 如今村庄用上了干净安全的电灯，孩子们可以在夜里安心读书，家家户户也不再使用有害的煤油灯。威廉希望更多年轻人细心观察生活，用简单的发明解决身边的难题。好奇心和坚持，足以改变世界。 【答案解析】 第1题 B 题干：威廉建造风车的原因是什么？ 原文第一段提到村庄缺电、煤油灯有害，威廉想要改变现状；第二段说明目的是 `to make clean electricity` A（赚钱养家）、C（参加科技比赛）、D（学习现代工厂知识）原文均无提及，故选 B。 第2题 B 题干：威廉最初制作风车用了什么材料？ 原文第二段原文：He enjoyed collecting old wood and broken bicycle parts to build the model.直接对应 B 选项。其余选项（昂贵金属、太阳能板、塑料瓶）均不符合原文信息。 第3题 B 题干：早期风车的主要问题是什么？ 原文第三段原文：It fell down easily when strong winds came.即大风时容易倒塌，对应 B。A（尺寸过小）、C（噪声过大）、D（运行成本高）原文均未提及。 第4题 A 题干：什么极大改变了村民的生活？ 原文第三、四段表明风车产出的清洁电力让村民用上电灯，告别有害油灯，核心是风车产生的洁净电力，对应 A。B（新式油灯）、C（志愿者学校）、D（大路）均不符合原文内容。 第5题 B 题干：文章主旨是什么？ 全文讲述少年威廉靠简易发明改变家乡生活，核心主旨是年轻人可以用简单的创意发明改善生活，对应 B。 A 片面只谈风电价格、C 表述绝对化、D 和原文主旨相反，均错误。 Passage 3（改编自 2023年辽宁大连中考真题） Many great inventions come from people’s curiosity and careful observation. Some inventions are old but still helpful in our daily life. The umbrella is one of the oldest useful inventions in China. _____1_____Thousands of years ago, ancient Chinese people wanted to stay safe from rain and strong sunlight. They watched the shape of big lotus leaves （荷叶）and got a new idea. _____2_____ They made the first umbrella with bamboo frames and oil paper. Early umbrellas were not easy to fold（折叠）. People have kept improving the structure and materials of umbrellas for hundreds of years. _____3_____ Now we have light foldable umbrellas that we can carry everywhere. The umbrella is more than a daily tool. It also carries Chinese culture. _____4_____ It reminds us that observation and curiosity can lead to wonderful inventions. 阅读短文，从下面选项中选出四项填入空白处，使文章内容完整。 A. It has a long history of more than 2,000 years. B. Ancient Chinese inventors tried to make a portable （便携的）rain cover. C. Finally, modern foldable umbrellas appeared. D. It stands for good wishes and protection in Chinese culture. E. The umbrella was first brought to Europe in the 16th century. 【背景知识】 雨伞是中国最古老的发明之一，相传最早由鲁班及其妻子受荷叶形态启发创造，早期以竹骨、油纸制作，多用于遮雨防晒，同时融入中式民俗文化，象征庇护与美好祝愿。经过漫长迭代，逐渐演变为现代便携折叠伞。本文借雨伞发展史，点明主旨：细致观察与好奇心能够催生伟大发明，体现中国古代劳动人民的创新智慧。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. observation /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ n. 观察 2. umbrella /ʌmˈbrelə/ n. 雨伞 3. lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 荷花 4. bamboo /bæmˈbuː/ n. 竹子 5. frame /freɪm/ n. 骨架，框架 6. foldable /ˈfəʊldəbl/ adj. 可折叠的 7. portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/ adj. 便携的 8. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的 9. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 10. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构 11. protection /prəˈtekʃn/ n. 保护，庇护 12. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 【长难句分析】 1. Many great inventions come from people’s curiosity and careful observation. 译文：许多伟大的发明都源于人们的好奇心和细致的观察。 句式分析：主谓宾基础句型；come from` 意为源自，点明全文核心主旨。 2. Now we have light foldable umbrellas that we can carry everywhere. 译文：如今我们拥有轻便的折叠伞，可以随身携带。 句式分析：that we can carry everywhere` 是定语从句，修饰先行词 umbrellas，限定描述现代雨伞的特点。 3. It reminds us that observation and curiosity can lead to wonderful inventions. 译文：它提醒我们，观察与好奇心能够催生伟大的发明。 句式分析：remind us that. 宾语从句结构，结尾升华主题。 【全文翻译】 许多伟大发明都源于人们的好奇心与细致观察。有些发明年代久远，至今仍在我们日常生活中发挥作用。 雨伞是中国最古老的实用发明之一。它拥有两千多年的悠久历史。数千年前，古代中国人想要躲避雨水和烈日暴晒。他们观察大荷叶的形状，由此获得了灵感。 古代中国发明家尝试制作便携防雨用具。古人用竹制骨架和油纸做出了最早的雨伞。早期的雨伞并不方便折叠。数百年来，人们持续改良雨伞的结构与材质。最终，现代折叠伞问世了。如今我们拥有轻便的折叠伞，可以随身携带。 雨伞不仅仅是日常用品，它还承载着中国文化。在中国文化里，它象征着美好祝愿与守护。它提醒我们：细心的观察与好奇心，能够催生出伟大的发明。 【答案解析】 第1题：A 前文提到雨伞是中国古老发明，A选项介绍雨伞拥有两千多年悠久历史，承接上文，呼应古老发明的主题，符合上下文逻辑。 E选项欧洲相关内容原文主线为中国雨伞发展史，此处不适用。 第2题：B 前文提到古人受荷叶启发产生想法，后文讲述用竹骨架、油纸制作初代雨伞。B选项表示古代发明家尝试制作便携防雨用具，完美衔接灵感构思和实际制作环节。 第3题：C 前文：数百年来人们持续改良雨伞结构和材质；后文：如今我们有轻便折叠伞。C选项“最终，现代折叠伞问世了”起到承上启下的过渡作用，匹配时间线演变。 第4题：D 前句点明雨伞承载中国文化，D选项说明雨伞在中国文化里象征祝福与守护，紧扣文化主题，语义连贯。 第5题：整篇文章主线讲述中国雨伞的起源、演变和文化内涵，并未提及雨伞传入欧洲的历史信息，与原文主旨无关，故排除。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $