Unit 1 People of Achievement 著名人物（单元阅读精练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“著名人物”为主题，整合阅读、词汇、语法及多题型实战，构建人物传记语篇的语言能力与文化意识培养体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单元阅读精练|1篇传记|记叙文+词汇积累|人物成长线索→科学贡献→精神品质| |高考模拟真题|1篇Jane Goodall传记|4道阅读理解+长难句拆分|事实细节→推理判断→主旨归纳| |综合实战演练|10篇（含杨振宁、屠呦呦等）|阅读/七选五/完形/语法填空|中外杰出人物事迹→跨学科词汇→复杂句式分析|

Unit 1 People of Achievement 著名人物 单元阅读精练 Richard Ebright grew up in Pennsylvania as an only child with no scientific family background. Unable to play team sports, he turned to collecting butterflies, rocks and fossils, turning free time into exploration. His father died when Ebright was in third grade, after which his mother became his whole life and his greatest inspiration. Every evening, they sat together at the dining table; if he had nothing to do, his mother would arrange learning tasks for him. “He enjoyed it and was eager to learn,” she recalled. By fifth grade, Ebright had collected all 25 butterfly species native to his hometown. That might have been the end until his mother gave him The Travels of Monarch X. The book encouraged young readers to label migrating monarchs (a kind of butterfly) for scientific research, and Ebright took part in the project with great enthusiasm. For several years, he raised thousands of monarchs in his basement. A county fair loss taught him a crucial lesson: real science requires genuine experiments, not just neat displays. In high school, Ebright focused on twelve tiny gold spots on monarch pupae (蛹). Most people thought they were decorative, but he assumed they released a hormone (激素) essential for development. He wrote to Dr. Frederick A．Urquhart, built a device, and proved his theory, which helped him win first place and advance to the International Science and Engineering Fair. His pioneering work provided the first concrete evidence of gene switching in a multicellular organism, laying a cornerstone for modern genetics. At twenty-two, Ebright and his college roommate published a groundbreaking theory on how cells read DNA blueprints in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Today, as a Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University, he leads research on bacterial transcription and develops new drugs against tuberculosis. Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he has received multiple awards. From a curious boy with a butterfly net to a world-renowned biochemist, Ebright proved that passion, persistence, and a supportive mother matter far more than talent. 【译文欣赏】 理查德・埃布赖特在宾夕法尼亚州长大，是家中独子，家里无人从事科学相关工作。他没办法参加团体体育运动，于是开始收集蝴蝶、岩石和化石，把空余时间都用来探索自然。埃布赖特上三年级时父亲离世，自那以后，母亲便成了他生活的全部，也是给予他最大启发的人。每天晚上，母子俩一同坐在餐桌前；只要他无事可做，母亲就会给他安排各类学习任务。母亲回忆道：“他十分乐于接受，求知欲很强。” 到五年级时，埃布赖特已经收集齐了家乡本地全部 25 种蝴蝶。原本他对蝴蝶的探索或许就此止步，直到母亲送给了他《帝王蝶 X 之旅》这本书。这本书鼓励少年读者给迁徙的帝王蝶（一种蝴蝶）做标记，以供科学研究，埃布赖特满怀热忱参与了这项项目。连续好几年，他在自家地下室饲养了数千只帝王蝶。一次县级展览会的失利让他领悟了至关重要的道理：真正的科学离不开实打实的实验，绝非仅仅摆放整齐的展品。 高中时期，埃布赖特将研究重心放在帝王蝶蛹身上十二个微小的金色斑点。大多数人都认为这些斑点只是装饰，可他猜想斑点会释放一种对生长发育不可或缺的激素。他写信向弗雷德里克・A・厄克特博士请教，自制实验装置，最终证实了自己的猜想。这项成果让他拿下展会一等奖，并晋级国际科学与工程大奖赛。他开创性的研究首次为多细胞生物的基因开关机制提供了确凿证据，为现代遗传学奠定了基石。 22 岁那年，埃布赖特与大学室友在《美国国家科学院院刊》发表了一项具有突破性的理论，阐释细胞读取 DNA 遗传图谱的原理。如今，他是罗格斯大学董事会特聘教授，牵头开展细菌转录相关研究，并研发对抗结核病的新型药物。他入选美国艺术与科学院，斩获多项大奖。从一个拿着捕蝶网、充满好奇心的孩童，到全球知名的生物化学家，埃布赖特向世人证明：热爱、坚持，再加上家人的支持，远比天赋更加重要。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.fossil /ˈfɒsl/n. 化石 2.inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 灵感；启发者 3.native /ˈneɪtɪv/adj. 本土的，本地的 4.migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/v. （动物）迁徙 5.enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/n. 热情，热忱 6.crucial /ˈkruːʃl/adj. 至关重要的 7.genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真实的，实打实的 8.hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/n. 激素 9.essential /ɪˈsenʃl/adj. 必不可少的 10.pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/adj. 开创性的 11.concrete evidence 确凿证据 12.lay a cornerstone for 为…… 奠定基石 13.groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/adj. 突破性的 14.transcription /trænˈskrɪpʃn/n. （生物）转录 15.tuberculosis /tjuːˌbɜːkjəˈləʊsɪs/n. 结核病 16.world-renowned adj. 世界知名的 【高考模拟真题链接】 （2026·贵州贵阳·一模）There are few people in human history whose last names alone are sufficient to evoke kindness, goodness, wisdom, grace — Mandela, Gandhi, King, Lincoln. Goodall added to that list. The other four left us years ago. Jane Goodall — primatologist, zoologist, anthropologist, conservationist, winner of the U. S. presidential Medal of Freedom, and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) — joined them today, dying at age 91. Dr. Goodall was a tireless advocate for the protection and restoration of our natural world, and her discoveries were regarded as an ethologist revolutionized science. It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe, where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig, doing away with the previous belief that chimps were strictly vegetarians. At the same year she made the astonishing observation that chimps strip the bark (树皮) from thin branches and use the bare stick to fish for termites in rotting logs — overturning the even more closely held belief that humans are the only animal to use tools. Chimps, she discovered, mirror humans in other, decidedly less kind ways. From 1974 to 1978 she observed what she called “the four year war,” an extended, bloody conflict between two groups of rival chimpanzees in Gombe — Kasakela group and the Kahama splinter group. At that time she observed cannibalism (嗜食同类) among chimpanzees, when a mother and daughter pair stole, killed, and ate babies in their own community — likely to eliminate a line of rival females. But Goodall discovered a gentle side to chimpanzees too. They play, they kiss, they grieve, and sometimes they make gestural apologies after a quarrel. In her final article for TIME in 2021, Goodall took up the cause not of animals, but plants, writing about the serious consequences the planet could suffer as millions of acres of trees are cut, razed, and burned every year. At one time, she wrote, the planet was home to six trillion trees. Now that number has been halved — mostly in the last 100 years. She called on readers to support the Trillion Trees campaign — a drive to plant one trillion trees by 2030. Goodall was all about the hope in her near-century of life. “I’m about to leave the world with all the mess, whereas young people have to grow up into it. If they give in to the pessimism, that’s the end. If you don’t hope, you sink into a state of indifference; hope is a crucial way to get through this.” In her final conversation with TIME, she said. 1．Why does the author mention Mandela, Gandhi, King, Lincoln in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the meaning behind her last name “Goodall”. B．To emphasize Jane Goodall’s important international fame. C．To prove Jane Goodall’s influence on these historical figures. D．To detail the working relationship between Goodall and them. 2．Which of the following human’s long- held beliefs is challenged according to Goodall’s observation? A．The concept of humans being unique in the use of tools. B．The methods for studying animals in their natural habitat. C．The idea of chimps’ preferences for a various range of foods. D．The genetic relationship between humans and chimpanzees. 3．What was the main focus of Jane Goodall’s final article for TIME? A．The importance of international scientific collaboration. B．The complex social behaviors observed in chimpanzees. C．The urgent need to protect and restore global forest cover. D．The ongoing war between different groups of chimpanzees. 4．Which of the following might Goodall agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Good deeds bring good returns. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Actions speak louder than words. ( 长难句 1 原句：It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe, where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig, doing away with the previous belief that chimps were strictly vegetarians. 1）句子拆分 强调句主干：It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe 定语从句：where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig（where 修饰地点 Gombe） 伴随状语：doing away with the previous belief 同位语从句：that chimps were strictly vegetarians（解释 belief 具体内容） 2）翻译 正是在 1960 年，古道尔初次抵达贡贝。在那里，她目睹一群黑猩猩捕食野猪，推翻了此前人们认为黑猩猩是纯粹素食动物的观点。 长难句 2 原句：At the same year she made the astonishing observation that chimps strip the bark from thin branches and use the bare stick to fish for termites in rotting logs — overturning the even more closely held belief that humans are the only animal to use tools. 1）句子拆分 主句：she made the astonishing observation 同位语从句 1：that chimps strip the bark…to fish for termites in rotting logs（解释 observation） 分词结果状语：overturning the even more closely held belief 同位语从句 2：that humans are the only animal to use tools（解释 belief） 2）翻译 同年，她取得一项惊人发现：黑猩猩会剥去细树枝的树皮，用光秃秃的枝条在腐烂木头里钓白蚁 —— 这颠覆了人们根深蒂固的观点，即人类是唯一会使用工具的动物。 ) ( 1. evoke /ɪˈvəʊk/v. 唤起，引发（情感、回忆） 2. conservationist /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/n. 自然环境保护主义者 3. tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的，孜孜不倦的 4. astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/adj. 令人震惊的，惊人的 5. rival /ˈraɪvl/adj. 敌对的；竞争的 n. 对手 6. cannibalism /ˈkænɪbəlɪzəm/n. 同类相食 7. raze /reɪz/v. 彻底摧毁，夷为平地 8. halve /hɑːv/v. （使）减半 9. pessimism /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/n. 悲观，悲观主义 10. indifference /ɪnˈdɪfrəns/n. 冷漠，无动于衷 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 介绍 2026 科学突破奖，三位北大华人女数学家斩获青年数学奖项，讲述各自学术突破与成就，彰显中国数学科研实力 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平、重大学术理论成就，以及归国后育人、捐赠藏品的相关贡献 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 讲述中科院研究员杜梦然深耕深海研究，带领团队发现全球最深动物生态系统，入选《自然》十大科学家的事迹 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 介绍屠呦呦、米尔扎哈尼、金伯利・布莱恩特三位女性学者，展现女性在 STEM 领域的突出成就与影响力 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 讲述计算机科学家王选顶住国外竞争与外界质疑，研发汉字激光排版系统，毕生投身科研的故事 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 通过多则小故事展现爱因斯坦善于从错误学习、谦逊、惜时、幽默的可贵品质，并给读者带来启发 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述白血病领域科学家王振义研发特效药攻克急性早幼粒细胞白血病，荣获共和国勋章，疗法全球推广的事迹 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 记叙班级参观袁隆平纪念馆的全过程，了解杂交水稻研发历程，感悟袁隆平坚持奉献的科研精神 Passage9 语法填空 记叙文 分别介绍钱学森归国开创中国航天事业、霍金钻研宇宙大爆炸理论的科研人生与卓越贡献 Passage10 语法填空 记叙文 讲述屠呦呦求学、组建团队攻关疟疾，历经困难提取青蒿素，成为首位获诺奖中国女科学家的完整经历 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·辽宁鞍山·阶段检测）On April 18, 2026, the Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced its 2026 winners. Known as the “Oscars of Science,” the prizes honor great achievements in life sciences, fundamental physics and mathematics. This year, three excellent Chinese women mathematicians made history by winning important early-career awards. The Breakthrough Prizes were started in 2012 by top tech leaders, including Google co-founder Sergey Brin and Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife. Each main prize is worth three million US dollars, making it one of the world’s richest scientific awards. Besides the top prizes, the foundation offers two kinds of awards for young researchers: the New Horizons Prizes and the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize for women mathematicians. All three winners are alumni of the School of Mathematical Sciences at Peking University. WANG Hong, from the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and New York University, received the New Horizons in Mathematics Prize. She was honored for solving major problems in harmonic analysis, especially the 3D Kakeya conjecture, a difficult question that had puzzled mathematicians for a long time. TANG Yunqing, from the University of California, Berkeley, also won the New Horizons in Mathematics Prize. She was recognized for proving the unbounded denominators conjecture and making important progress in number theory and modular forms. ZHANG Mingjia, a young researcher at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study, was awarded the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize, a special award for women in mathematics. Her creative work on Shimura varieties has opened new directions in number theory. Their joint success is a historic milestone for Chinese mathematicians and women in mathematics around the world. As graduates of Peking University’s School of Mathematical Sciences, they show the rapid progress of China’s mathematics education and research. Their achievements also show a new age in which Chinese talents are rising to the highest level of international mathematics, changing the global picture of the field. 1．Why were the three mathematicians awarded? A．They set up new research centers for young math learners. B．They trained a number of top graduates from Peking University. C．They provided financial support for the Breakthrough Prizes. D．They made outstanding breakthroughs in mathematical studies. 2．What can we infer about the three mathematicians? A．They are the first Chinese winners of all Breakthrough Prizes. B．They work at the same foreign universities and research institutes. C．Their research has opened new directions for mathematical development. D．They have become leaders of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the three mathematicians success? A．Admiring B．Doubtful C．Critical D．Unconcerned 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the history and sponsors of the Breakthrough Prizes. B．To honor three Chinese women mathematicians and their achievements. C．To explain the importance of basic research in life sciences and physics. D．To show the rapid development of mathematics education worldwide. Passage 2 （25-26高二下·新疆·期中）On October 18, 2025, the world lost a great physicist when Yang Zhenning passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. Tsinghua University, where he had worked for many years, issued an obituary calling him “one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century” and emphasizing his outstanding contributions to modern physics. Yang Zhenning’s academic career was filled with groundbreaking achievements. In 1954, he and his collaborator Robert Mills put forward the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory. This theory is so important that it is compared with Einstein’s general theory of relativity and Maxwell’s equations, and it laid the foundation for the later Standard Model of particle physics. Another famous contribution was his work on parity non-conservation in weak interactions, which he developed with Li Zhengdao. This revolutionary idea changed people’s understanding of symmetry in physics and earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. In 1999, he officially became a professor at Tsinghua University and later served as the honorary director of the university’s Institute for Advanced Study. Even in his 80s, he still taught undergraduate courses and worked hard to cultivate young physics talents. In 2021, Yang Zhenning donated more than 2,000 pieces of his collection, including books, manuscripts and images, to Tsinghua University, which set up a special “Yang Zhenning Resource Room” to preserve these precious materials. 1．Why did Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao win the Nobel Prize in Physics? A．For developing the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory. B．For proposing the idea of parity non-conservation. C．For establishing the Standard Model of particle physics. D．For donating precious materials to Tsinghua University. 2．What is the significance of the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory? A．It won Yang Zhenning the Nobel Prize alone. B．It laid the foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics. C．It changed people’s understanding of gravity. D．It was developed when Yang Zhenning worked at Tsinghua University. 3．What did Yang Zhenning do after 1999? A．He first returned to China for a visit. B．He put forward the Yang-Baxter Equation. C．He taught at Tsinghua University and cultivated talents. D．He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. 4．When did Yang Zhenning donate his collection to Tsinghua University? A．In 1957. B．In 1999. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. Passage 3 （25-26高二下·江西赣州·期中）Du Mengran, a researcher at the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has recently made headlines as one of the 2025 Nature’s Top 10 Scientists. Known as “the deep-sea explorer”, she and her team have pushed the boundaries of human knowledge by discovering the world’s deepest known animal ecosystem below 9,000 meters, a breakthrough published in a top scientific journal in 2025. Born in a small city in Jiangxi Province, Du developed a strong curiosity about the ocean from an early age. She often spent weekends reading marine life books and dreamed of exploring the sea’s unknown parts. After graduating college with a marine biology major, she devoted herself to deep-sea research — a challenging field lacking sufficient support at the time. Many peers advised her to choose a more stable job, but she stuck to her dream and pursued further studies in deep-sea exploration. In 2024, Du led her team on a deep-sea dive mission. The journey was difficult: extreme deep-sea pressure could easily damage diving equipment, and the dark, cold environment hindered data collection. The team nearly gave up at times, but Du encouraged them with her firm determination. “Every difficulty we overcome brings us closer to the deep sea’s truth,” she said. After months of hard work, they made the extraordinary discovery that shocked the global scientific community. Nature commented that Du’s discovery opened a new chapter in deep-sea research and provided valuable insights into life’s survival in extreme environments. Her work expands human understanding of the ocean and inspires more young people to pursue science and technology careers. Du remains modest, saying the discovery is the team’s collective effort, and she will continue exploring the deep sea to uncover more of its secrets. 1．What is Du’s main achievement in paragraph 1? A．A deep-sea diving depth record. B．Lifelong curiosity about the ocean. C．New diving equipment invention. D．The deep animal ecosystem discovery. 2．What challenges did Du face in her deep-sea exploration? A．Peer oppositions and extreme weather. B．Family pressure and data collection failures. C．Limited support and diving equipment risks. D．Funding shortages and communication barriers. 3．Which of the following best describes Du? A．Honest and confident. B．Careful and friendly. C．Patient and modest. D．Determined and devoted. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A New Record: Deep-sea Diving B．A Deep-sea Explorer: Du Mengran C．A Great Mission: Finding Sea Life D．A Serious Research: Deep-sea Exploration Passage 4 （2026·陕西·二模）Women have always contributed to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), but their names are often left out of history books. Likewise, girls and women are faced with social and cultural barriers that can prevent them from studying’ STEM subjects in school or thriving in the workplace. We celebrate women in STEM fields throughout our exhibit floors during the month of March. We worked with teens in our Discovery Corps to identify women whose work is making a lasting impact. This list of honorees is meant to spark conversation and also highlight the many accomplishments of women in STEM. This is by no means a complete list. Tag us @PacSci on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Instagram to share the names of women scientists, innovators, and inventors in your life! Tu Youyou Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives. In 2015, Tu became the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics. Mirzakhani solved complex, cross-disciplinary problems that had long puzzled mathematicians in fields such as dynamics, topology, and hyperbolic geometry. She created essential tools that mathematicians say will continue to shape the field for years to come. Kimberly Bryant As a black woman studying computer science and electrical engineering, Kimberly Bryant felt a sense of community was missing. When her own daughter grew interested in computer science, Bryant wanted better for her. Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program. 1．How did Tu Youyou find the cure for malaria? A．By using computer science. B．By reading ancient Chinese books. C．By studying electrical engineering. D．By working with a team of scientists. 2．What did Maryam Mirzakhani win in 2014? A．A Nobel Prize in medicine. B．The Black Girls Code award. C．The Fields Medal in math. D．A global science competition. 3．Why did Kimberly Bryant start Black Girls Code? A．To win a top international science prize. B．To achieve fame as a mathematics expert. C．To develop new medical treatments for kids. D．To support girls from underserved communities. Passage 5 （25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·开学考试）It was Bi Sheng who invented moveable type printing in Ancient China. But it was Wang Xuan, a professor at Peking University as well as a computer scientist at Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, who helped China make a big leap (突飞猛进) in modern printing. Wang was born in Shanghai in 1937, the fifth child of the family. 1 Years later, Wang’s perseverance and devotion turned the boy into a prominent computer scientist. After graduating from Peking University in 1958, Wang worked as a teaching assistant at the university. In August 1974, the Chinese government started a project to computerize Chinese characters. 2 But he took up the job with great passion, and buried himself in the development of Chinese character typesetting. 3 At that time, a famous British print technology firm was developing a Chinese character typesetting system as well, with an eye to the Chinese market. Furthermore, some considered Wang’s plan crazy. Considering the characteristics of Chinese characters and the difficulties of publishing them, Wang invented a high-efficiency compression and restoration method for Chinese characters. He went on to develop a laser-printing system. 4 On his road to success, Wang hardly took any holidays and worked over 65 hours a week, even if he was in poor health. He also worked on Chinese New Year’s Eve. 5 On 13 February 2006, this tireless and respected man passed away in Beijing at the age of 69. But his legacy will live on in the pages of Chinese books and newspapers. A．He was under great pressure. B．In 1980, China had the first laser-printed book. C．As a kid, Wang demonstrated his perseverance. D．When his wife told him the news, Wang had been ill for years. E．When he heard the exciting news, he finally got a chance to achieve his goal. F．Too busy to buy supplies, Wang and his wife shared some tofu to celebrate the festival. G．The invention of paper-making paved the way for the development of printing technologies. Passage 6 （25-26高二上·吉林·期中）As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person. Einstein learned from making mistakes 1 , someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes. 2 Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. Einstein considered time to be important He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. 3 . He knew what was worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time. Einstein liked to joke too In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. 4 ! When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. 5 , we should think of him. So, never be discouraged A．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes by themselves B．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number C．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems D．Einstein was also very strict with his students E．When Einstein started to work in America F．Einstein was also very modest (谦虚的) G．What a humorous person he is Passage 7 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）Wang Zhenyi, a world-leading leukemia (白血病) scientist, has won China’s top 1 , the Medal of the Republic. Wang, a centenarian, has 2 his entire career to patient care. His research began in 1979, and by 1986, he had not only 3 a medicine called all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a particularly deadly form of blood cancer, but also successfully transformed cancer cells in leukemia patients into 4 ones clinically. This innovation has 5 improved the acute APL survival rates. Wang 6 this treatment to a critically ill five-year-old girl, and after a week, her 7 improved significantly. Within a month, she was completely cured. Moreover, the girl is still 8 and healthy today. Wang and his team treated a total of 24 patients in that 9 within a year, and all of them experienced full 10 . As the therapy proved highly effective, Wang’s medical approach was 11 in many countries. Later, Wang combined ATRA with a traditional Chinese medicine compound, dramatically 12 APL’s 5-year survival rate from 10% (1978) to over 95%. This made it the world’s first 13 leukemia. This 14 is listed by some international media among “New China’s eight major global medical contributions”. Chen Zhu, former health minister, 15 Wang as both a teacher and a scientific role model. 1．A．credit B．award C．wisdom D．essay 2．A．devoted B．forced C．advised D．referred 3．A．approved B．discovered C．opposed D．charged 4．A．sufficient B．flexible C．distinct D．normal 5．A．regularly B．hardly C．obviously D．probably 6．A．applied B．prevented C．inquired D．occupied 7．A．function B．reaction C．passion D．condition 8．A．depressed B．reliable C．alive D．grateful 9．A．fashion B．method C．style D．context 10．A．recovery B．despair C．basis D．rescue 11．A．earned a living B．come to power C．made a proposal D．put into use 12．A．increasing B．estimating C．advocating D．forecasting 13．A．steady B．initial C．curable D．visible 14．A．behavior B．treatment C．event D．system 15．A．persuaded B．ignored C．appointed D．praised Passage 8 （25-26高二上·广东肇庆·期中）Last Sunday, my class went to visit the Yuan Longping Memorial Hall. We all knew Mr. Yuan was a great scientist who helped solve the food problem for many people. Our teacher told us to take notebooks to 1 important things we learned.​ When we arrived, a guide greeted us warmly. She took us to the first hall and showed us photos of Mr. Yuan. We saw him working in the fields — he always wore a simple hat and 2 clothes. The guide told us Mr. Yuan spent most of his life 3 hybrid rice. Even in his 80s, he still went to the fields every day to check the crops. Sometimes he would stay in the fields the whole 4 to watch how the rice grew.​ In another room, there were some of Mr. Yuan’s old things: a broken notebook, a used pen, and a pair of muddy shoes. The notebook was full of his 5 about rice research. I felt moved when I looked at these things — they showed how hard Mr. Yuan worked. A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook to 6 it.​ Then, we watched a short video. It told the story of how Mr. Yuan 7 hybrid rice. At first, many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up. After years of hard work, he finally 8 . His rice could feed millions more people. The video made many of us 9 — we were all proud of him.​ Before we left, we wrote down our feelings on a wall. I wrote, “Mr. Yuan, you are our hero. We will learn from your 10 and keep working hard.” On the way back to school, my classmates and I talked a lot. We all agreed that this visit was very 11 . We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit of 12 .​ I think everyone should remember Mr. Yuan. His work has changed the world for the better, and his story will 13 us to try our best for a long time. This trip made me understand that true success comes from hard work and 14 to one’s dream. I decided to study harder so that I can 15 something useful for our country too.​ 1．A．write down B．look for C．throw away D．give up​ 2．A．clean B．expensive C．simple D．beautiful​ 3．A．studying B．selling C．eating D．buying​ 4．A．night B．day C．week D．month​ 5．A．drawings B．notes C．stories D．poems​ 6．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．lose​ 7．A．found B．lost C．forgot D．hid​ 8．A．failed B．succeeded C．stopped D．left​ 9．A．cry B．smile C．shout D．laugh​ 10．A．laziness B．kindness C．hardness D．courage​ 11．A．boring B．useless C．meaningful D．difficult​ 12．A．giving up B．keeping on C．showing off D．turning back​ 13．A．encourage B．stop C．warn D．frighten​ 14．A．gift B．hope C．devotion D．doubt​ 15．A．make B．do C．have D．get​ Passage 9 （25-26高二上·吉林延边·期末）课文填空，阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Oian Xuesen was young, he realised that China needed its own powerful air force 1 (defend) the country, so he went to America to study aviation. As a graduate 2 (assist) at an institute, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. Finally, he became 3 pioneer in jet and rocket technology. After Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, he was put 4 charge of developing China’s rocket science, space and missile programme. Under his 5 (leader), China made outstanding progress in rockets, missiles and man-made satellites. 6 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research, he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. Stephen Hawking was a 7 (gift) scientist. There were two main theories — the steady state theory and the big bang theory — on the origin of the universe. The big bang theory holds that the universe 8 (begin) at a single point in time and space. His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9 (telescope)and a star was born. He was brilliant, brave and determined. And he was willing to admit his faults. This odd 10 (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. Passage 10 （25-26高二上·陕西安康·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered 1 the assistance of her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist 2 (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She 3 (major) in medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from 4 she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou 5 (choose) to establish a team to find a cure for malaria which killed 6 (million) of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had 7 idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes 8 (connect) to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. They overcame many difficulties and at last Tu Youyou 9 (brave) volunteered to be the first human subject and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the 10 (effective) drug for fighting malaria in the world. $ Unit 1 People of Achievement 著名人物 单元阅读精练 Richard Ebright grew up in Pennsylvania as an only child with no scientific family background. Unable to play team sports, he turned to collecting butterflies, rocks and fossils, turning free time into exploration. His father died when Ebright was in third grade, after which his mother became his whole life and his greatest inspiration. Every evening, they sat together at the dining table; if he had nothing to do, his mother would arrange learning tasks for him. “He enjoyed it and was eager to learn,” she recalled. By fifth grade, Ebright had collected all 25 butterfly species native to his hometown. That might have been the end until his mother gave him The Travels of Monarch X. The book encouraged young readers to label migrating monarchs (a kind of butterfly) for scientific research, and Ebright took part in the project with great enthusiasm. For several years, he raised thousands of monarchs in his basement. A county fair loss taught him a crucial lesson: real science requires genuine experiments, not just neat displays. In high school, Ebright focused on twelve tiny gold spots on monarch pupae (蛹). Most people thought they were decorative, but he assumed they released a hormone (激素) essential for development. He wrote to Dr. Frederick A．Urquhart, built a device, and proved his theory, which helped him win first place and advance to the International Science and Engineering Fair. His pioneering work provided the first concrete evidence of gene switching in a multicellular organism, laying a cornerstone for modern genetics. At twenty-two, Ebright and his college roommate published a groundbreaking theory on how cells read DNA blueprints in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Today, as a Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University, he leads research on bacterial transcription and develops new drugs against tuberculosis. Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, he has received multiple awards. From a curious boy with a butterfly net to a world-renowned biochemist, Ebright proved that passion, persistence, and a supportive mother matter far more than talent. 【译文欣赏】 理查德・埃布赖特在宾夕法尼亚州长大，是家中独子，家里无人从事科学相关工作。他没办法参加团体体育运动，于是开始收集蝴蝶、岩石和化石，把空余时间都用来探索自然。埃布赖特上三年级时父亲离世，自那以后，母亲便成了他生活的全部，也是给予他最大启发的人。每天晚上，母子俩一同坐在餐桌前；只要他无事可做，母亲就会给他安排各类学习任务。母亲回忆道：“他十分乐于接受，求知欲很强。” 到五年级时，埃布赖特已经收集齐了家乡本地全部 25 种蝴蝶。原本他对蝴蝶的探索或许就此止步，直到母亲送给了他《帝王蝶 X 之旅》这本书。这本书鼓励少年读者给迁徙的帝王蝶（一种蝴蝶）做标记，以供科学研究，埃布赖特满怀热忱参与了这项项目。连续好几年，他在自家地下室饲养了数千只帝王蝶。一次县级展览会的失利让他领悟了至关重要的道理：真正的科学离不开实打实的实验，绝非仅仅摆放整齐的展品。 高中时期，埃布赖特将研究重心放在帝王蝶蛹身上十二个微小的金色斑点。大多数人都认为这些斑点只是装饰，可他猜想斑点会释放一种对生长发育不可或缺的激素。他写信向弗雷德里克・A・厄克特博士请教，自制实验装置，最终证实了自己的猜想。这项成果让他拿下展会一等奖，并晋级国际科学与工程大奖赛。他开创性的研究首次为多细胞生物的基因开关机制提供了确凿证据，为现代遗传学奠定了基石。 22 岁那年，埃布赖特与大学室友在《美国国家科学院院刊》发表了一项具有突破性的理论，阐释细胞读取 DNA 遗传图谱的原理。如今，他是罗格斯大学董事会特聘教授，牵头开展细菌转录相关研究，并研发对抗结核病的新型药物。他入选美国艺术与科学院，斩获多项大奖。从一个拿着捕蝶网、充满好奇心的孩童，到全球知名的生物化学家，埃布赖特向世人证明：热爱、坚持，再加上家人的支持，远比天赋更加重要。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.fossil /ˈfɒsl/n. 化石 2.inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 灵感；启发者 3.native /ˈneɪtɪv/adj. 本土的，本地的 4.migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/v. （动物）迁徙 5.enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/n. 热情，热忱 6.crucial /ˈkruːʃl/adj. 至关重要的 7.genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真实的，实打实的 8.hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/n. 激素 9.essential /ɪˈsenʃl/adj. 必不可少的 10.pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/adj. 开创性的 11.concrete evidence 确凿证据 12.lay a cornerstone for 为…… 奠定基石 13.groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/adj. 突破性的 14.transcription /trænˈskrɪpʃn/n. （生物）转录 15.tuberculosis /tjuːˌbɜːkjəˈləʊsɪs/n. 结核病 16.world-renowned adj. 世界知名的 【高考模拟真题链接】 （2026·贵州贵阳·一模）There are few people in human history whose last names alone are sufficient to evoke kindness, goodness, wisdom, grace — Mandela, Gandhi, King, Lincoln. Goodall added to that list. The other four left us years ago. Jane Goodall — primatologist, zoologist, anthropologist, conservationist, winner of the U. S. presidential Medal of Freedom, and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) — joined them today, dying at age 91. Dr. Goodall was a tireless advocate for the protection and restoration of our natural world, and her discoveries were regarded as an ethologist revolutionized science. It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe, where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig, doing away with the previous belief that chimps were strictly vegetarians. At the same year she made the astonishing observation that chimps strip the bark (树皮) from thin branches and use the bare stick to fish for termites in rotting logs — overturning the even more closely held belief that humans are the only animal to use tools. Chimps, she discovered, mirror humans in other, decidedly less kind ways. From 1974 to 1978 she observed what she called “the four year war,” an extended, bloody conflict between two groups of rival chimpanzees in Gombe — Kasakela group and the Kahama splinter group. At that time she observed cannibalism (嗜食同类) among chimpanzees, when a mother and daughter pair stole, killed, and ate babies in their own community — likely to eliminate a line of rival females. But Goodall discovered a gentle side to chimpanzees too. They play, they kiss, they grieve, and sometimes they make gestural apologies after a quarrel. In her final article for TIME in 2021, Goodall took up the cause not of animals, but plants, writing about the serious consequences the planet could suffer as millions of acres of trees are cut, razed, and burned every year. At one time, she wrote, the planet was home to six trillion trees. Now that number has been halved — mostly in the last 100 years. She called on readers to support the Trillion Trees campaign — a drive to plant one trillion trees by 2030. Goodall was all about the hope in her near-century of life. “I’m about to leave the world with all the mess, whereas young people have to grow up into it. If they give in to the pessimism, that’s the end. If you don’t hope, you sink into a state of indifference; hope is a crucial way to get through this.” In her final conversation with TIME, she said. 1．Why does the author mention Mandela, Gandhi, King, Lincoln in Paragraph 1? A．To explain the meaning behind her last name “Goodall”. B．To emphasize Jane Goodall’s important international fame. C．To prove Jane Goodall’s influence on these historical figures. D．To detail the working relationship between Goodall and them. 2．Which of the following human’s long- held beliefs is challenged according to Goodall’s observation? A．The concept of humans being unique in the use of tools. B．The methods for studying animals in their natural habitat. C．The idea of chimps’ preferences for a various range of foods. D．The genetic relationship between humans and chimpanzees. 3．What was the main focus of Jane Goodall’s final article for TIME? A．The importance of international scientific collaboration. B．The complex social behaviors observed in chimpanzees. C．The urgent need to protect and restore global forest cover. D．The ongoing war between different groups of chimpanzees. 4．Which of the following might Goodall agree with according to the last paragraph? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Good deeds bring good returns. C．Every cloud has a silver lining. D．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文回顾了著名灵长类动物学家、环保主义者珍·古道尔博士的生平、她的突破性科学发现（如黑猩猩使用工具、食肉、发动战争等），以及她晚年对环境保护（尤其是森林恢复）的倡导和对“希望”理念的强调。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are few people in human history whose last names alone are sufficient to evoke kindness, goodness, wisdom, grace — Mandela, Gandhi, King, Lincoln. Goodall added to that list. The other four left us years ago.(在人类历史上，很少有人仅仅凭借其姓氏就能让人联想到善良、正直、智慧、优雅——比如曼德拉、甘地、马丁·路德·金、林肯。而古道尔也加入了这一行列。另外四人则早已离我们而去)”可知，作者在第一段中提到了曼德拉、甘地、马丁·路德·金和林肯是为了强调简·古道尔在国际上的重要影响力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the same year she made the astonishing observation that chimps strip the bark (树皮) from thin branches and use the bare stick to fish for termites in rotting logs — overturning the even more closely held belief that humans are the only animal to use tools.(同年，她做出了一个令人震惊的发现：黑猩猩会剥去细树枝的树皮，并用裸露的树枝在腐烂的树干中钓取白蚁——这彻底推翻了人们长期以来更为坚定的观念，即人类是唯一会使用工具的动物)”可知，人类在使用工具方面具有独特性的这一观念受到了挑战。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In her final article for TIME in 2021, Goodall took up the cause not of animals, but plants, writing about the serious consequences the planet could suffer as millions of acres of trees are cut, razed, and burned every year. At one time, she wrote, the planet was home to six trillion trees. Now that number has been halved — mostly in the last 100 years. She called on readers to support the Trillion Trees campaign — a drive to plant one trillion trees by 2030.(在2021年为《时代》杂志撰写的最后一篇文章中，古道尔没有像往常那样关注动物，而是转而关注植物。她探讨了随着每年有数百万英亩的树木被砍伐、夷平和焚烧，地球可能会遭受的严重后果。她写道，曾经，地球上有六万亿棵树。而如今，这个数字已经减少了一半——大部分是在过去100年里发生的。她呼吁读者支持“万亿棵树”运动——这是一个到2030年种植一万亿棵树的行动)”可知，简·古道尔为《时代》杂志撰写的最后一篇文章主要关注保护和恢复全球森林覆盖层的紧迫性需求。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m about to leave the world with all the mess, whereas young people have to grow up into it. If they give in to the pessimism, that’s the end. If you don’t hope, you sink into a state of indifference; hope is a crucial way to get through this.(我即将带着这一切的混乱离开这个世界，而年轻人则要在这个世界中成长起来。如果他们屈服于悲观情绪，那一切都将结束。如果你不抱有希望，你就会陷入冷漠的状态；而希望则是度过这一阶段的关键途径)”可知，她在困境中保持乐观和积极信念的人生态度，故古道尔可能会认同“乌云背后总有亮光”故选C。 ( 长难句 1 原句：It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe, where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig, doing away with the previous belief that chimps were strictly vegetarians. 1）句子拆分 强调句主干：It was in 1960 that Goodall first arrived in Gombe 定语从句：where she witnessed a group of chimpanzees eating a bushpig（where 修饰地点 Gombe） 伴随状语：doing away with the previous belief 同位语从句：that chimps were strictly vegetarians（解释 belief 具体内容） 2）翻译 正是在 1960 年，古道尔初次抵达贡贝。在那里，她目睹一群黑猩猩捕食野猪，推翻了此前人们认为黑猩猩是纯粹素食动物的观点。 长难句 2 原句：At the same year she made the astonishing observation that chimps strip the bark from thin branches and use the bare stick to fish for termites in rotting logs — overturning the even more closely held belief that humans are the only animal to use tools. 1）句子拆分 主句：she made the astonishing observation 同位语从句 1：that chimps strip the bark…to fish for termites in rotting logs（解释 observation） 分词结果状语：overturning the even more closely held belief 同位语从句 2：that humans are the only animal to use tools（解释 belief） 2）翻译 同年，她取得一项惊人发现：黑猩猩会剥去细树枝的树皮，用光秃秃的枝条在腐烂木头里钓白蚁 —— 这颠覆了人们根深蒂固的观点，即人类是唯一会使用工具的动物。 ) ( 1. evoke /ɪˈvəʊk/v. 唤起，引发（情感、回忆） 2. conservationist /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/n. 自然环境保护主义者 3. tireless /ˈtaɪələs/adj. 不知疲倦的，孜孜不倦的 4. astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/adj. 令人震惊的，惊人的 5. rival /ˈraɪvl/adj. 敌对的；竞争的 n. 对手 6. cannibalism /ˈkænɪbəlɪzəm/n. 同类相食 7. raze /reɪz/v. 彻底摧毁，夷为平地 8. halve /hɑːv/v. （使）减半 9. pessimism /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/n. 悲观，悲观主义 10. indifference /ɪnˈdɪfrəns/n. 冷漠，无动于衷 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 介绍 2026 科学突破奖，三位北大华人女数学家斩获青年数学奖项，讲述各自学术突破与成就，彰显中国数学科研实力 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平、重大学术理论成就，以及归国后育人、捐赠藏品的相关贡献 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 讲述中科院研究员杜梦然深耕深海研究，带领团队发现全球最深动物生态系统，入选《自然》十大科学家的事迹 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 介绍屠呦呦、米尔扎哈尼、金伯利・布莱恩特三位女性学者，展现女性在 STEM 领域的突出成就与影响力 Passage5 阅读理解七选五 说明文 讲述计算机科学家王选顶住国外竞争与外界质疑，研发汉字激光排版系统，毕生投身科研的故事 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 通过多则小故事展现爱因斯坦善于从错误学习、谦逊、惜时、幽默的可贵品质，并给读者带来启发 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述白血病领域科学家王振义研发特效药攻克急性早幼粒细胞白血病，荣获共和国勋章，疗法全球推广的事迹 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 记叙班级参观袁隆平纪念馆的全过程，了解杂交水稻研发历程，感悟袁隆平坚持奉献的科研精神 Passage9 语法填空 记叙文 分别介绍钱学森归国开创中国航天事业、霍金钻研宇宙大爆炸理论的科研人生与卓越贡献 Passage10 语法填空 记叙文 讲述屠呦呦求学、组建团队攻关疟疾，历经困难提取青蒿素，成为首位获诺奖中国女科学家的完整经历 Passage 1 （25-26高二下·辽宁鞍山·阶段检测）On April 18, 2026, the Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced its 2026 winners. Known as the “Oscars of Science,” the prizes honor great achievements in life sciences, fundamental physics and mathematics. This year, three excellent Chinese women mathematicians made history by winning important early-career awards. The Breakthrough Prizes were started in 2012 by top tech leaders, including Google co-founder Sergey Brin and Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife. Each main prize is worth three million US dollars, making it one of the world’s richest scientific awards. Besides the top prizes, the foundation offers two kinds of awards for young researchers: the New Horizons Prizes and the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize for women mathematicians. All three winners are alumni of the School of Mathematical Sciences at Peking University. WANG Hong, from the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and New York University, received the New Horizons in Mathematics Prize. She was honored for solving major problems in harmonic analysis, especially the 3D Kakeya conjecture, a difficult question that had puzzled mathematicians for a long time. TANG Yunqing, from the University of California, Berkeley, also won the New Horizons in Mathematics Prize. She was recognized for proving the unbounded denominators conjecture and making important progress in number theory and modular forms. ZHANG Mingjia, a young researcher at Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study, was awarded the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize, a special award for women in mathematics. Her creative work on Shimura varieties has opened new directions in number theory. Their joint success is a historic milestone for Chinese mathematicians and women in mathematics around the world. As graduates of Peking University’s School of Mathematical Sciences, they show the rapid progress of China’s mathematics education and research. Their achievements also show a new age in which Chinese talents are rising to the highest level of international mathematics, changing the global picture of the field. 1．Why were the three mathematicians awarded? A．They set up new research centers for young math learners. B．They trained a number of top graduates from Peking University. C．They provided financial support for the Breakthrough Prizes. D．They made outstanding breakthroughs in mathematical studies. 2．What can we infer about the three mathematicians? A．They are the first Chinese winners of all Breakthrough Prizes. B．They work at the same foreign universities and research institutes. C．Their research has opened new directions for mathematical development. D．They have become leaders of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the three mathematicians success? A．Admiring B．Doubtful C．Critical D．Unconcerned 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the history and sponsors of the Breakthrough Prizes. B．To honor three Chinese women mathematicians and their achievements. C．To explain the importance of basic research in life sciences and physics. D．To show the rapid development of mathematics education worldwide. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要说明了2026科学突破奖出炉，三位北大毕业华人女数学家分获青年数学奖项。她们各自在数论、调和分析等领域取得重大突破，创下历史，彰显中国数学科研实力。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She was honored for solving major problems in harmonic analysis, especially the 3D Kakeya conjecture, a difficult question that had puzzled mathematicians for a long time.(她因在调和分析领域解决重大问题而受到表彰，尤其是3D卡凯亚猜想，这是一个长期困扰数学家的难题)”；第五段中的“She was recognized for proving the unbounded denominators conjecture and making important progress in number theory and modular forms.(她因证明了无界分母猜想，并在数论和模形式领域取得重要进展而受到认可)”以及第六段中的“Her creative work on Shimura varieties has opened new directions in number theory.(她在Shimura簇上的创造性工作为数论开辟了新的方向)”可知，三位数学家在数学研究方面取得了杰出的突破获得奖励。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“On April 18, 2022, the Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced its 2022 winners. Known as the “Oscars of Science,” the prizes honor great achievements in life sciences, fundamental physics and mathematics. This year, three excellent Chinese women mathematicians made history by winning important early-career awards.(2022年4月18日，突破奖基金会公布了2022年度获奖者。该奖项被誉为“科学界的奥斯卡”，旨在表彰生命科学、基础物理学和数学领域的杰出成就。今年，三位优秀的中国女性数学家凭借在早期职业生涯中取得的重要成果，创造了历史，荣获这一重要奖项。)”以及最后一段“Their joint success is a historic milestone for Chinese mathematicians and women in mathematics around the world.(她们的共同成功对于中国数学家以及全球的女性数学家而言，是一个具有历史意义的里程碑)”可知，这三位数学家的研究为数学的发展开辟了新的方向。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Their joint success is a historic milestone for Chinese mathematicians and women in mathematics around the world.(她们的共同成功，为中国数学家以及全球的女性数学家树立了历史性里程碑)”可知，作者对这三位数学家的成功持赞叹态度。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“On April 14, 2026, the Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced its 2026 winners. Known as the “Oscars of Science,” the prizes honor great achievements in life sciences, fundamental physics and mathematics. This year, three excellent Chinese women mathematicians made history by winning important early-career awards.( 2026年4月14日，突破奖基金会公布了2026年度获奖者。该奖项被誉为“科学界的奥斯卡”，旨在表彰生命科学、基础物理和数学领域的杰出成就。今年，三位优秀的中国女性数学家凭借获得重要青年奖项而创造了历史)”以及文章主要说明了2026科学突破奖出炉，三位北大毕业华人女数学家分获青年数学奖项。她们各自在数论、调和分析等领域取得重大突破，创下历史，彰显中国数学科研实力。可知，文章的主要目的是荣誉三位中国女数学家及其成就。 Passage 2 （25-26高二下·新疆·期中）On October 18, 2025, the world lost a great physicist when Yang Zhenning passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. Tsinghua University, where he had worked for many years, issued an obituary calling him “one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century” and emphasizing his outstanding contributions to modern physics. Yang Zhenning’s academic career was filled with groundbreaking achievements. In 1954, he and his collaborator Robert Mills put forward the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory. This theory is so important that it is compared with Einstein’s general theory of relativity and Maxwell’s equations, and it laid the foundation for the later Standard Model of particle physics. Another famous contribution was his work on parity non-conservation in weak interactions, which he developed with Li Zhengdao. This revolutionary idea changed people’s understanding of symmetry in physics and earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. In 1999, he officially became a professor at Tsinghua University and later served as the honorary director of the university’s Institute for Advanced Study. Even in his 80s, he still taught undergraduate courses and worked hard to cultivate young physics talents. In 2021, Yang Zhenning donated more than 2,000 pieces of his collection, including books, manuscripts and images, to Tsinghua University, which set up a special “Yang Zhenning Resource Room” to preserve these precious materials. 1．Why did Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao win the Nobel Prize in Physics? A．For developing the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory. B．For proposing the idea of parity non-conservation. C．For establishing the Standard Model of particle physics. D．For donating precious materials to Tsinghua University. 2．What is the significance of the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory? A．It won Yang Zhenning the Nobel Prize alone. B．It laid the foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics. C．It changed people’s understanding of gravity. D．It was developed when Yang Zhenning worked at Tsinghua University. 3．What did Yang Zhenning do after 1999? A．He first returned to China for a visit. B．He put forward the Yang-Baxter Equation. C．He taught at Tsinghua University and cultivated talents. D．He won the Nobel Prize in Physics. 4．When did Yang Zhenning donate his collection to Tsinghua University? A．In 1957. B．In 1999. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平、学术成就、对祖国的热爱以及他对后辈人才的培养和贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Another famous contribution was his work on parity non-conservation in weak interactions, which he developed with Li Zhengdao. This revolutionary idea changed people’s understanding of symmetry in physics and earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1157.(他的另一项著名贡献是与李政道合作研究的弱相互作用中的宇称不守恒现象。这一具有革命性的理论改变了人们对物理学中对称性的认知，并为他们赢得了1157年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”可知，杨振宁和李政道获得诺贝尔物理学奖是因为他们提出了宇称不守恒定律。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1954, he and his collaborator Robert Mills put forward the Yang-Mills Gauge Field Theory. This theory is so important that it is compared with Einstein’s general theory of relativity and Maxwell’s equations, and it laid the foundation for the later Standard Model of particle physics.(1954年，他与合作者罗伯特·米尔斯提出杨-米尔斯规范场理论。该理论意义重大，常被拿来与爱因斯坦的广义相对论和麦克斯韦方程组相提并论，还为后来的粒子物理标准模型奠定了基础)”可知，杨-米尔斯规范场论为粒子物理学的标准模型奠定了基础。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1999, he officially became a professor at Tsinghua University and later served as the honorary director of the university’s Institute for Advanced Study. Even in his 80s, he still taught undergraduate courses and worked hard to cultivate young physics talents.(1999年，他正式成为清华大学教授，后来担任清华大学高等研究院名誉院长。即使在他80多岁的时候，他仍然教授本科课程，并努力培养年轻的物理学人才)”可知，1999年后杨振宁在清华大学教书并培养人才。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In 2021, Yang Zhenning donated more than 2,000 pieces of his collection, including books, manuscripts and images, to Tsinghua University, which set up a special “Yang Zhenning Resource Room” to preserve these precious materials.(2021年，杨振宁将自己收藏的2000余件物品捐赠给清华大学，其中包括书籍、手稿与影像资料。清华大学为此专门设立了“杨振宁资料室”，用于保存这些珍贵材料)”可知，杨振宁在2021年向清华大学捐赠了他的藏品。 Passage 3 （25-26高二下·江西赣州·期中）Du Mengran, a researcher at the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has recently made headlines as one of the 2025 Nature’s Top 10 Scientists. Known as “the deep-sea explorer”, she and her team have pushed the boundaries of human knowledge by discovering the world’s deepest known animal ecosystem below 9,000 meters, a breakthrough published in a top scientific journal in 2025. Born in a small city in Jiangxi Province, Du developed a strong curiosity about the ocean from an early age. She often spent weekends reading marine life books and dreamed of exploring the sea’s unknown parts. After graduating college with a marine biology major, she devoted herself to deep-sea research — a challenging field lacking sufficient support at the time. Many peers advised her to choose a more stable job, but she stuck to her dream and pursued further studies in deep-sea exploration. In 2024, Du led her team on a deep-sea dive mission. The journey was difficult: extreme deep-sea pressure could easily damage diving equipment, and the dark, cold environment hindered data collection. The team nearly gave up at times, but Du encouraged them with her firm determination. “Every difficulty we overcome brings us closer to the deep sea’s truth,” she said. After months of hard work, they made the extraordinary discovery that shocked the global scientific community. Nature commented that Du’s discovery opened a new chapter in deep-sea research and provided valuable insights into life’s survival in extreme environments. Her work expands human understanding of the ocean and inspires more young people to pursue science and technology careers. Du remains modest, saying the discovery is the team’s collective effort, and she will continue exploring the deep sea to uncover more of its secrets. 1．What is Du’s main achievement in paragraph 1? A．A deep-sea diving depth record. B．Lifelong curiosity about the ocean. C．New diving equipment invention. D．The deep animal ecosystem discovery. 2．What challenges did Du face in her deep-sea exploration? A．Peer oppositions and extreme weather. B．Family pressure and data collection failures. C．Limited support and diving equipment risks. D．Funding shortages and communication barriers. 3．Which of the following best describes Du? A．Honest and confident. B．Careful and friendly. C．Patient and modest. D．Determined and devoted. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A New Record: Deep-sea Diving B．A Deep-sea Explorer: Du Mengran C．A Great Mission: Finding Sea Life D．A Serious Research: Deep-sea Exploration 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了中科院深海所研究员杜梦然入选 2025《自然》十大科学家。她带领团队发现 9000 米以下全球最深动物生态系统，坚守深海研究，成果意义深远。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Known as “the deep-sea explorer”, she and her team have pushed the boundaries of human knowledge by discovering the world’s deepest known animal ecosystem below 9,000 meters, a breakthrough published in a top scientific journal in 2025.( 她被称为“深海探险家”，她和她的团队通过探索位于 9000 米以下的全球已知最深的动物生态系统，突破了人类知识的界限，这一突破于2025年发表在了一家顶级科学期刊上。)”可知，第一段明确指出杜梦然的核心成就是发现了9000米以下全球已知最深的动物生态系统，这也是她入选《自然》年度十大科学家的原因。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After graduating college with a marine biology major, she devoted herself to deep-sea research — a challenging field lacking sufficient support at the time.( 大学毕业后，她主修海洋生物学，并投身于深海研究——这是一个当时缺乏足够支持的挑战性领域。)”以及第三段中“The journey was difficult: extreme deep-sea pressure could easily damage diving equipment, and the dark, cold environment hindered data collection.( 这次旅程充满困难：极端的深海压力很容易损坏潜水设备，而黑暗、寒冷的环境也阻碍了数据的收集。)”可知，她面临的挑战包括早期深海研究领域缺乏足够支持，以及深海极端压力可能损坏潜水设备的风险。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Many peers advised her to choose a more stable job, but she stuck to her dream and pursued further studies in deep-sea exploration.( 许多同龄人建议她选择一份更稳定的工作，但她坚持自己的梦想，并在深海探索方面继续深造。)”她不顾同龄人劝阻，坚持投身当时不受重视的深海研究，体现了坚定的意志；以及最后一段中“Du remains modest, saying the discovery is the team’s collective effort, and she will continue exploring the deep sea to uncover more of its secrets.( 杜保持谦逊，称这一发现是团队共同努力的结果，她将继续探索深海，以揭开更多其奥秘。)”带领团队克服重重困难完成科考任务，且表示会继续探索深海，体现了全身心的投入。由此可知，杜梦然是一个坚定和勇于献身的人。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Du Mengran, a researcher at the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has recently made headlines as one of the 2025 Nature’s Top 10 Scientists. Known as “the deep-sea explorer”, she and her team have pushed the boundaries of human knowledge by discovering the world’s deepest known animal ecosystem below 9,000 meters, a breakthrough published in a top scientific journal in 2025.( 杜梦然是中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所的一名研究员，她最近因入选“2025 年自然杂志十大顶尖科学家”而成为众人瞩目的焦点。她被称为“深海探险家”，她和她的团队通过探索位于 9000 米以下的全球已知最深的动物生态系统，突破了人类知识的界限，这一突破于 2025 年发表在了一家顶级科学期刊上。)”可知，全文以杜梦然为核心人物，讲述了她的成长经历、科研成就和个人品质，“深海探险家杜梦然”最能概括文章主旨。由此可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是“一位深海探险家：杜梦然”。 Passage 4 （2026·陕西·二模）Women have always contributed to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), but their names are often left out of history books. Likewise, girls and women are faced with social and cultural barriers that can prevent them from studying’ STEM subjects in school or thriving in the workplace. We celebrate women in STEM fields throughout our exhibit floors during the month of March. We worked with teens in our Discovery Corps to identify women whose work is making a lasting impact. This list of honorees is meant to spark conversation and also highlight the many accomplishments of women in STEM. This is by no means a complete list. Tag us @PacSci on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Instagram to share the names of women scientists, innovators, and inventors in your life! Tu Youyou Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives. In 2015, Tu became the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize. Maryam Mirzakhani Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics. Mirzakhani solved complex, cross-disciplinary problems that had long puzzled mathematicians in fields such as dynamics, topology, and hyperbolic geometry. She created essential tools that mathematicians say will continue to shape the field for years to come. Kimberly Bryant As a black woman studying computer science and electrical engineering, Kimberly Bryant felt a sense of community was missing. When her own daughter grew interested in computer science, Bryant wanted better for her. Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program. 1．How did Tu Youyou find the cure for malaria? A．By using computer science. B．By reading ancient Chinese books. C．By studying electrical engineering. D．By working with a team of scientists. 2．What did Maryam Mirzakhani win in 2014? A．A Nobel Prize in medicine. B．The Black Girls Code award. C．The Fields Medal in math. D．A global science competition. 3．Why did Kimberly Bryant start Black Girls Code? A．To win a top international science prize. B．To achieve fame as a mathematics expert. C．To develop new medical treatments for kids. D．To support girls from underserved communities. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过介绍三位杰出女性——屠呦呦、玛丽亚姆·米尔扎哈尼和金伯利·布莱恩特的事迹，来彰显女性在STEM领域的成就和影响力 1．细节理解题。根据Tu Youyou部分“Inspired to pursue medicine after surviving tuberculosis as a teenager, Tu Youyou studied both modern and traditional practices, turning to ancient Chinese texts to find a cure for malaria. After learning that sweet wormwood was a traditional treatment for a common malaria symptom, Tu discovered a way to extract its active compound, artemisinin, saving millions of lives.(屠呦呦在青少年时期患上肺结核，康复后受此激励投身医学研究，她既学习现代医学知识，也钻研传统医学实践，从中国古代典籍中探寻治疗疟疾的方法。在了解到甜艾蒿是治疗疟疾常见症状的一种传统药物后，屠呦呦发现了一种提取其有效成分青蒿素的方法，拯救了数百万人的生命。)”可知，屠呦呦通过研读中国古代典籍找到了治疗疟疾的方法。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据Maryam Mirzakhani部分“Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman and first Iranian to win the Fields Medal (2014), the highest honor in mathematics.(玛丽安·米尔扎哈尼是首位获得菲尔兹奖（2014 年）的女性，也是首位获得此殊荣的伊朗人。)”可知，玛丽安·米尔扎哈尼在2014年获得了数学界的菲尔兹奖。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据Kimberly Bryant部分“Using experience gained through multiple leadership positions at major corporations, she founded Black Girls Code, a computer science and technology training course for girls from underrepresented communities that has grown into a global program.(凭借在多家大公司担任多个领导职位所积累的经验，她创立了“黑人女孩编程”（Black Girls Code）组织，这是一个面向代表性不足社区女孩的计算机科学和技术培训课程，如今已发展成为一个全球性项目。)”可知，Kimberly Bryant创办“黑人女孩编程”组织是为了支持来自弱势社区的女孩们。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高二下·黑龙江哈尔滨·开学考试）It was Bi Sheng who invented moveable type printing in Ancient China. But it was Wang Xuan, a professor at Peking University as well as a computer scientist at Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, who helped China make a big leap (突飞猛进) in modern printing. Wang was born in Shanghai in 1937, the fifth child of the family. 1 Years later, Wang’s perseverance and devotion turned the boy into a prominent computer scientist. After graduating from Peking University in 1958, Wang worked as a teaching assistant at the university. In August 1974, the Chinese government started a project to computerize Chinese characters. 2 But he took up the job with great passion, and buried himself in the development of Chinese character typesetting. 3 At that time, a famous British print technology firm was developing a Chinese character typesetting system as well, with an eye to the Chinese market. Furthermore, some considered Wang’s plan crazy. Considering the characteristics of Chinese characters and the difficulties of publishing them, Wang invented a high-efficiency compression and restoration method for Chinese characters. He went on to develop a laser-printing system. 4 On his road to success, Wang hardly took any holidays and worked over 65 hours a week, even if he was in poor health. He also worked on Chinese New Year’s Eve. 5 On 13 February 2006, this tireless and respected man passed away in Beijing at the age of 69. But his legacy will live on in the pages of Chinese books and newspapers. A．He was under great pressure. B．In 1980, China had the first laser-printed book. C．As a kid, Wang demonstrated his perseverance. D．When his wife told him the news, Wang had been ill for years. E．When he heard the exciting news, he finally got a chance to achieve his goal. F．Too busy to buy supplies, Wang and his wife shared some tofu to celebrate the festival. G．The invention of paper-making paved the way for the development of printing technologies. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了王选自幼展现毅力，成年后顶住压力研发汉字排版与激光打印技术，虽工作繁忙，但终获成功，其贡献永载史册。 1．根据上文“Wang was born in Shanghai in 1937, the fifth child of the family（王选1937年出生于上海，是家中的第五个孩子）”以及下文“Years later, Wang’s perseverance and devotion turned the boy into a prominent computer scientist（多年后，王选的毅力和奉献精神使他成为了一位杰出的计算机科学家）”可知，这两句话之间缺少衔接，空白处需要填入一个句子来解释王选是如何表现出毅力和奉献精神的，选项C“王选小时候就表现出了他的毅力”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。 2．根据上文“In August 1974, the Chinese government started a project to computerize Chinese characters.（1974年8月，中国政府启动了一个将汉字计算机化的项目）”以及后文“But he took up the job with great passion, and buried himself in the development of Chinese character typesetting.（但他满怀热情地接受了这份工作，并全身心地投入到汉字排版技术的开发之中）”可知，本句与后文构成转折，说明王当时的处境不好。故D选项“当他的妻子把这个消息告诉他时，王已经病了多年了”符合语境，故选D。 3．根据下文“At that time, a famous British print technology firm was developing a Chinese character typesetting system as well, with an eye to the Chinese market. Furthermore, some considered Wang’s plan crazy.（当时，一家著名的英国印刷技术公司也在研发一种汉字排版系统，旨在开拓中国市场。此外，有些人认为王的计划简直是异想天开）”可知，后文描述了王选当时面临的挑战和压力，由此可推测出空白处需要填入一个句子来总结王选当时的处境，选项A“他承受着巨大的压力”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据上文“He went on to develop a laser-printing system（他接着开发了一个激光打印系统）”以及下文没有直接描述这个系统的成果或影响，但根据上下文可推测出空白处需要填入一个句子来描述这个系统的成果，选项B“1980年，中国有了第一本激光印刷的书”符合语境，说明了激光打印系统的应用成果。故选B。 5．根据上文“On his road to success, Wang hardly took any holidays and worked over 65 hours a week, even if he was in poor health. He also worked on Chinese New Year’s Eve.（在追求成功的道路上，王几乎从未休过假，每周工作超过65个小时，即便身体状况不佳也是如此。他甚至在除夕夜也还在工作）”可知，上文描述了王选为了成功所付出的努力和牺牲，下文没有直接描述这些努力和牺牲的结果或影响，但根据上下文可推测出空白处需要填入一个句子来描述王选在除夕夜工作的具体情况或感受，选项F“由于太忙而没时间买补给品，王选和他的妻子一起分享了一些豆腐来庆祝这个节日”符合语境，描述了王选在除夕夜工作的具体情景。故选F。 Passage 6 （25-26高二上·吉林·期中）As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was also a really great person. Einstein learned from making mistakes 1 , someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes. This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes. 2 Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. Einstein considered time to be important He never wore socks because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it. 3 . He knew what was worth remembering. It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time. Einstein liked to joke too In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different. 4 ! When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. 5 , we should think of him. So, never be discouraged A．Give students a chance to correct their mistakes by themselves B．That’s why he never remembered his own phone number C．If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems D．Einstein was also very strict with his students E．When Einstein started to work in America F．Einstein was also very modest (谦虚的) G．What a humorous person he is 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦作为伟大科学家的同时，也是一个非常优秀的人，通过几个故事展现了他从错误中学习、谦虚、珍惜时间、幽默等品质。 1．由小标题“Einstein learned from making mistakes(爱因斯坦从错误中学习)”和下文“someone asked him what he needed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and pencils. He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.(有人问他需要什么。他说他需要一张桌子、一些纸和铅笔。他还需要一个篮子来装他的错误。)”可知，本空应开始讲述爱因斯坦的一些事迹，且该事迹应与“开始工作”相关。E选项“When Einstein started to work in America(当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时)”符合语境，能承接上文，并引出下文关于爱因斯坦在美国工作时的相关事迹。故选E。 2．由下文“Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.(许多孩子写信向他求助家庭作业。有一天，他给一个小女孩写了一封信，告诉她不要担心她的数学作业，因为他认为数学也很难。)”可知，爱因斯坦并不因为自己是伟大的科学家而自大，对于孩子的求助，他表示自己也觉得数学很难，这体现了他的谦虚。本空应说明爱因斯坦的谦虚品质。F选项“Einstein was also very modest (谦虚的)(爱因斯坦也非常谦虚)”符合语境，能概括本段大意。故选F。 3．由上文“He also thought remembering things found in books was not worth it.(他还认为记住书中找到的东西是不值得的。)”以及下文“He knew what was worth remembering.(他知道什么值得记住。)”可知，本空应举例说明爱因斯坦不记不值得的事。B选项“That’s why he never remembered his own phone number(这就是他从不记住自己电话号码的原因)”符合语境，承接上文，且与下文“他知道什么值得记住”相呼应。故选B。 4．由上文“In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last year’s. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were different.(在一次考试中，一个学生问他为什么所有的问题都和去年的一样。爱因斯坦回答说问题是一样的，但答案不同。)”以及本段标题“Einstein liked to joke too(爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”可知，本空应总结爱因斯坦的幽默特质。G选项“What a humorous person he is(他真是个幽默的人)”符合语境，能承接上文，且与标题相呼应。故选G。 5．由上文“When Einstein was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements.(爱因斯坦小时候，他的老师常说他不聪明。然而，爱因斯坦一直努力工作，用他的成就震惊了世界。)”以及下文“we should think of him. So, never be discouraged(我们应该想到他。所以，永远不要气馁)”可知，本空应衔接“遇到困难”与“想到爱因斯坦、不气馁”的逻辑，应提出一个假设，即在遇到困难想放弃时，应想到爱因斯坦。C选项“If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems(如果我们在遇到问题时想放弃)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 （25-26高二上·陕西榆林·期中）Wang Zhenyi, a world-leading leukemia (白血病) scientist, has won China’s top 1 , the Medal of the Republic. Wang, a centenarian, has 2 his entire career to patient care. His research began in 1979, and by 1986, he had not only 3 a medicine called all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a particularly deadly form of blood cancer, but also successfully transformed cancer cells in leukemia patients into 4 ones clinically. This innovation has 5 improved the acute APL survival rates. Wang 6 this treatment to a critically ill five-year-old girl, and after a week, her 7 improved significantly. Within a month, she was completely cured. Moreover, the girl is still 8 and healthy today. Wang and his team treated a total of 24 patients in that 9 within a year, and all of them experienced full 10 . As the therapy proved highly effective, Wang’s medical approach was 11 in many countries. Later, Wang combined ATRA with a traditional Chinese medicine compound, dramatically 12 APL’s 5-year survival rate from 10% (1978) to over 95%. This made it the world’s first 13 leukemia. This 14 is listed by some international media among “New China’s eight major global medical contributions”. Chen Zhu, former health minister, 15 Wang as both a teacher and a scientific role model. 1．A．credit B．award C．wisdom D．essay 2．A．devoted B．forced C．advised D．referred 3．A．approved B．discovered C．opposed D．charged 4．A．sufficient B．flexible C．distinct D．normal 5．A．regularly B．hardly C．obviously D．probably 6．A．applied B．prevented C．inquired D．occupied 7．A．function B．reaction C．passion D．condition 8．A．depressed B．reliable C．alive D．grateful 9．A．fashion B．method C．style D．context 10．A．recovery B．despair C．basis D．rescue 11．A．earned a living B．come to power C．made a proposal D．put into use 12．A．increasing B．estimating C．advocating D．forecasting 13．A．steady B．initial C．curable D．visible 14．A．behavior B．treatment C．event D．system 15．A．persuaded B．ignored C．appointed D．praised 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了白血病科学家王振义荣获共和国勋章，及其在白血病治疗领域的突破性贡献与影响。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界级白血病科学家王振义荣获中国最高奖项——共和国勋章。A. credit信用；B. award奖项；C. wisdom智慧；D. essay文章。根据下文“the Medal of the Republic”可知，此处指王振义荣获的是共和国勋章这一奖项。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：王振义，一位百岁老人，将自己的整个职业生涯都奉献给了病人护理工作。A. devoted奉献；B. forced强迫；C. advised建议；D. referred提及。根据下文“his entire career to patient care”可知，王振义将他的整个职业生涯都奉献给了病人护理，devote...to...为固定短语，意为“将……奉献给……”。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的研究始于1979年，到1986年，他不仅发现了一种名为全反式维甲酸的药物来治疗一种极具致命性的血癌——急性早幼粒细胞白血病，还在临床上成功将白血病患者的癌细胞转化为正常细胞。A. approved批准；B. discovered发现；C. opposed反对；D. charged控告。根据上文“His research began in 1979”及下文“a medicine called all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)”可知，此处指研究中发现新药物。故选B。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sufficient充足的；B. flexible灵活的；C. distinct独特的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“transformed cancer cells in leukemia patients into”可知，治疗的目标是将癌细胞转为正常细胞。故选D。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这项创新明显提高了急性早幼粒细胞白血病的生存率。A. regularly定期地；B. hardly几乎不；C. obviously明显地；D. probably可能地。根据下文“APL’s 5-year survival rate from 10% (1978) to over 95%”可知，提升效果是明显的。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：王振义将这种治疗方法应用于一名病情危重的五岁女孩身上，一周后，她的病情明显好转。A. applied应用；B. prevented阻止；C. inquired询问；D. occupied占据。根据下文“this treatment to a critically ill five-year-old girl”可知，王振义将这种治疗方法应用于一名女孩身上。apply... to... 表示“将某物应用在某人身上”，符合语境。故选A。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. function功能；B. reaction反应；C. passion热情；D. condition状况。根据上文“a critically ill five-year-old girl”及“improved significantly”可知，此处指身体状况好转，condition符合语境。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，这个女孩至今仍然健在且健康。A. depressed沮丧的；B. reliable可靠的；C. alive活着的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文“healthy today”可知，此处强调女孩存活至今。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：王振义和他的团队在那一年用这种方法总共治疗了24名患者，他们都完全康复了。A. fashion时尚；B. method方法；C. style风格；D. context语境。根据上文“this treatment”及“Wang and his team treated a total of 24 patients in that”可知，此处指治疗方法。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recovery康复；B. despair绝望；C. basis基础；D. rescue救援。根据下文“As the therapy proved highly effective”可知，这种疗法被证明非常有效，治疗的结果是患者康复。故选A。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于这种疗法被证明非常有效，王振义的医疗方法在许多国家被投入使用。A. earned a living谋生；B. come to power掌权；C. made a proposal提议；D. put into use投入使用。根据上文“the therapy proved highly effective”可知，有效的疗法会被推广使用，put into use符合语境。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，王振义将全反式维甲酸与一种中药复方结合，使急性早幼粒细胞白血病的五年生存率从1978年的10%大幅提升到了95%以上。A. increasing增加，提高；B. estimating估计；C. advocating提倡；D. forecasting预测。根据下文“from 10% (1978) to over 95%”可知，此处指存活率提升。故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使它成为世界上第一种可治愈的白血病。A. steady稳定的；B. initial最初的；C. curable可治愈的；D. visible可见的。根据上文“APL’s 5-year survival rate from 10% (1978) to over 95%”可知，生存率超过95%，这种白血病成为了可以治愈的病症。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一治疗方法被一些国际媒体列为“新中国八大全球医疗贡献”之一。A. behavior行为；B. treatment治疗，疗法；C. event事件；D. system系统。根据上文王振义的治疗创新及下文“global medical contributions”可知，此处指王振义团队研发的白血病治疗方法。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前卫生部长陈竺称赞王振义既是老师，也是科学榜样。A. persuaded说服；B. ignored忽视；C. appointed任命；D. praised称赞。根据下文“a teacher and a scientific role model”可知，这是对王振义的称赞。故选D。 Passage 8 （25-26高二上·广东肇庆·期中）Last Sunday, my class went to visit the Yuan Longping Memorial Hall. We all knew Mr. Yuan was a great scientist who helped solve the food problem for many people. Our teacher told us to take notebooks to 1 important things we learned.​ When we arrived, a guide greeted us warmly. She took us to the first hall and showed us photos of Mr. Yuan. We saw him working in the fields — he always wore a simple hat and 2 clothes. The guide told us Mr. Yuan spent most of his life 3 hybrid rice. Even in his 80s, he still went to the fields every day to check the crops. Sometimes he would stay in the fields the whole 4 to watch how the rice grew.​ In another room, there were some of Mr. Yuan’s old things: a broken notebook, a used pen, and a pair of muddy shoes. The notebook was full of his 5 about rice research. I felt moved when I looked at these things — they showed how hard Mr. Yuan worked. A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook to 6 it.​ Then, we watched a short video. It told the story of how Mr. Yuan 7 hybrid rice. At first, many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up. After years of hard work, he finally 8 . His rice could feed millions more people. The video made many of us 9 — we were all proud of him.​ Before we left, we wrote down our feelings on a wall. I wrote, “Mr. Yuan, you are our hero. We will learn from your 10 and keep working hard.” On the way back to school, my classmates and I talked a lot. We all agreed that this visit was very 11 . We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit of 12 .​ I think everyone should remember Mr. Yuan. His work has changed the world for the better, and his story will 13 us to try our best for a long time. This trip made me understand that true success comes from hard work and 14 to one’s dream. I decided to study harder so that I can 15 something useful for our country too.​ 1．A．write down B．look for C．throw away D．give up​ 2．A．clean B．expensive C．simple D．beautiful​ 3．A．studying B．selling C．eating D．buying​ 4．A．night B．day C．week D．month​ 5．A．drawings B．notes C．stories D．poems​ 6．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．lose​ 7．A．found B．lost C．forgot D．hid​ 8．A．failed B．succeeded C．stopped D．left​ 9．A．cry B．smile C．shout D．laugh​ 10．A．laziness B．kindness C．hardness D．courage​ 11．A．boring B．useless C．meaningful D．difficult​ 12．A．giving up B．keeping on C．showing off D．turning back​ 13．A．encourage B．stop C．warn D．frighten​ 14．A．gift B．hope C．devotion D．doubt​ 15．A．make B．do C．have D．get​ 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者的班级参观袁隆平纪念馆的经历。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：老师让我们带上笔记本，写下我们学到的重要内容。A. write down 写下；B. look for 寻找；C. throw away 扔掉；D. give up 放弃。根据前文“notebooks”和下文“important things we learned”可知，笔记本的用途是记录学到的内容，“write down”符合“记录信息”的语境。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看到他在田里工作——他总是戴着一顶简单的帽子，穿着朴素的衣服。A. clean 干净的；B. expensive 昂贵的；C. simple 朴素的；D. beautiful 漂亮的。根据前文“simple hat”可知，袁隆平院士生活简朴，衣物也应是朴素的。故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：导游告诉我们，袁先生一生大部分时间都在研究杂交水稻。A. studying 研究；B. selling 销售；C. eating 吃；D. buying 购买。根据后文“hybrid rice.”可知，袁隆平院士的核心成就在于杂交水稻研究，“studying”符合“科学家钻研学术”的语境。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时他会一整天待在田里，观察水稻的生长情况。A. night 夜晚；B. day 白天；C. week 周；D. month 月。根据后文“watch how the rice grew”可知，观察水稻生长是短期行为，且与前文“went to the fields every day”呼应。所以他会一整天待在田里。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：笔记本上满是他关于水稻研究的笔记。A. drawings 图画；B. notes 笔记；C. stories 故事；D. poems 诗歌。根据前文“notebook”和后文“rice research”可知，科研过程中会在笔记本上记录相关笔记，“notes”符合“科研记录”的场景。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个同学甚至拍下了笔记本的照片来纪念它。A. forget 忘记；B. hide 隐藏；C. remember 纪念、记住；D. lose 丢失。根据前文“A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook”可知，袁隆平院士的笔记本承载着他的科研心血，同学拍照是为了留存纪念，“remember”符合“珍视珍贵物品”的语境。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它讲述了袁先生如何发现杂交水稻的故事。A. found 发现；B. lost 丢失；C. forgot 忘记；D. hid 隐藏。根据前文“Then, we watched a short video. It told the story”可知，杂交水稻是袁隆平院士经过研究发现并培育成功的，“found”符合“科研成果的探索过程”。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，他终于成功了。A. failed 失败；B. succeeded 成功；C. stopped 停止；D. left 离开。根据后文“His rice could feed millions more people”可知，袁隆平院士的研究取得了成果，成功了。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频让我们很多人流泪——我们都为他感到骄傲。A. cry 哭泣；B. smile 微笑；C. shout 大喊；D. laugh 大笑。根据前文“I felt moved”以及后文“proud of him”可知，袁隆平院士的经历令人感动，可能让人落泪。故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将学习您的勇气，继续努力。A. laziness 懒惰；B. kindness 善良；C. hardness 硬度；D. courage 勇气。根据前文“many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up”可知，袁隆平院士在质疑中坚持研究，体现了勇气。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为这次参观非常有意义。A. boring 无聊的；B. useless 无用的；C. meaningful 有意义的；D. difficult 困难的。根据后文“We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit”可知，参观让同学们收获颇丰，因此是有意义的。故选C项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不仅了解了袁先生的成就，还学到了他坚持不懈的精神。A. giving up 放弃；B. keeping on 坚持；C. showing off 炫耀；D. turning back 回头。根据前文“never gave up”以及“years of hard work”可知，袁隆平院士的核心精神是坚持，“keeping on”与“never gave up”语义一致。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的工作让世界变得更美好，他的故事将长期鼓励我们全力以赴。A. encourage 鼓励；B. stop 阻止；C. warn 警告；D. frighten 使害怕。根据后文“us to try our best for a long time.”可知，袁隆平院士的故事传递正能量，会鼓励人们努力。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行让我明白，真正的成功来自努力工作和对梦想的奉献。A. gift 礼物；B. hope 希望；C. devotion 奉献；D. doubt 怀疑。根据前文“ue success comes from hard work”可知，袁隆平院士一生致力于杂交水稻研究，是对梦想的“奉献”，“devotion”符合“长期专注于目标”的语境。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定更加努力学习，以便也能为我们的国家做些有用的事情。A. make 制作；B. do 做；C. have 拥有；D. get 获得。根据前文“I decided to study harder”以及“something useful”可知，作者要为国家做有用的事情”。故选B项。 Passage 9 （25-26高二上·吉林延边·期末）课文填空，阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Oian Xuesen was young, he realised that China needed its own powerful air force 1 (defend) the country, so he went to America to study aviation. As a graduate 2 (assist) at an institute, he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion. Finally, he became 3 pioneer in jet and rocket technology. After Qian Xuesen returned to China in 1955, he was put 4 charge of developing China’s rocket science, space and missile programme. Under his 5 (leader), China made outstanding progress in rockets, missiles and man-made satellites. 6 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research, he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. Stephen Hawking was a 7 (gift) scientist. There were two main theories — the steady state theory and the big bang theory — on the origin of the universe. The big bang theory holds that the universe 8 (begin) at a single point in time and space. His own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with 9 (telescope)and a star was born. He was brilliant, brave and determined. And he was willing to admit his faults. This odd 10 (combine) of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 【答案】 1．to defend 2．assistant 3．a 4．in 5．leadership 6．Because 7．gifted 8．began 9．telescopes 10．combination 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍钱学森助力中国航天事业发展及霍金在宇宙起源研究领域的卓越贡献。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森年轻时就意识到，中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家，于是他前往美国学习航空学。此处作目的状语，用动词不定式to defend。故填to defend。 2．考查名词。句意：作为一所研究所的研究生助理，他协助开展了有关火箭推进力的重要研究。此处为名词作宾语，assist的名词形式assistant，意为“助理”，空前有不定冠词a，此处用单数形式。故填assistant。 3．考查冠词。句意：最终，他成为了喷气式飞机和火箭技术领域的一名先驱。此处泛指“一名先驱”，pioneer是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．考查介词。句意：1955年钱学森回国后，受命负责中国火箭科学、航天及导弹项目的研发工作。此处为固定搭配in charge of，意为“负责，掌管”，用介词in。故填in。 5．考查名词。句意：在他的领导下，中国在火箭、导弹和人造卫星领域取得了显著进展。此处位于形容词性物主代词his之后，用leader的名词形式leadership，意为“领导”，为不可数名词。故填leadership。 6．考查连词。句意：因为神舟飞船背后的诸多技术都可以追溯到钱学森的研究成果，他被誉为“中国航天之父”。结合句意，两个分句之间为因果关系，所以此处引导原因状语从句，表“因为”，用连词because，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Because。 7．考查形容词。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金是一位天赋异禀的科学家。此处修饰名词scientist，用gift的形容词形式gifted，意为“有天赋的”。故填gifted。 8．考查动词时态。句意：大爆炸理论认为，宇宙始于时空的一个奇点。此处描述的是宇宙起源。表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为began。故填began。 9．考查名词复数。句意：他关于大爆炸理论的研究成果被天文学家通过望远镜观测所证实，一颗新星就此诞生。此处telescope为可数名词，前面无冠词限定，用复数形式telescopes表泛指。故填telescopes。 10．考查名词。句意：这种奇特的特质组合，使他成为了20世纪和21世纪最伟大的思想家之一。此处位于形容词odd之后，用combine的名词形式combination，意为“组合”，前面有this限定，用单数形式。故填combination。 Passage 10 （25-26高二上·陕西安康·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. She began to talk about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered 1 the assistance of her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist 2 (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She 3 (major) in medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from 4 she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. In 1969, Tu Youyou 5 (choose) to establish a team to find a cure for malaria which killed 6 (million) of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had 7 idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes 8 (connect) to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. They overcame many difficulties and at last Tu Youyou 9 (brave) volunteered to be the first human subject and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the 10 (effective) drug for fighting malaria in the world. 【答案】 1．with 2．to be awarded 3．majored 4．whom 5．was chosen 6．millions 7．an 8．connected 9．bravely 10．most effective 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国女科学家屠呦呦的生平事迹以及她发现青蒿素对疟疾治疗的重要贡献。 1．考查介词。句意：她开始讲述这种救命药物 —— 青蒿素，这是她在团队的协助下于20世纪1年代发现的。这里考查固定搭配with the assistance of，意为“在…… 的协助下”，符合语境。故填with。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士就是屠呦呦，第一位因工作成果获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。名词被序数词修饰时，后面用动词不定式作后置定语；the first Chinese female scientist与award为被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be awarded。 3．考查时态。句意：她曾在北京大学医学部主修医学。此空考查谓语动词，主语She与major为主动关系，且这里描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，major的过去式为majored。故填majored。 4．考查定语从句。句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半中医，并从这些专家那里深入了解了传统疗法。此空考查定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，且在介词 from后作宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建团队，寻找治疗疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年导致数百万人死亡。此空考查谓语动词，根据时间状语“In 1969”可知应用一般过去时；主语Tu Youyou与choose为被动关系，主语为单数。故填was chosen。 6．考查数词。句意：1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建团队，寻找治疗疟疾的方法，这种疾病每年导致数百万人死亡。这里考查固定搭配 millions of，意为“数百万的”，表概数。故填millions。 7．考查冠词。句意：然而，屠呦呦认为中草药可能藏着治愈疟疾的秘诀。idea为可数名词，此处泛指“一个想法”应用不定冠词，且idea以元音音素开头。故填an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法相关的传统药方。此空考查非谓语，traditional recipes与 connect为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填connected。 9．考查副词。句意：她们克服了重重困难，最终屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人体试验对象，试验取得了成功。此处修饰动词volunteered，需用形容词brave的副词形式bravely。故填bravely。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：她们发现的药物青蒿素，如今已成为全球治疗疟疾最有效的药物。根据限定范围“in the world”以及定冠词the可知，此空应用形容词effective的最高级形式。故填most effective。 $