Unit 6 Earth and Beyond（重难词汇精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

**基本信息** 本专项通过基础-语境-语篇三层递进训练，系统强化“地球与宇宙”主题词汇的音形义、词性转换及语境运用，助力语言能力从词汇理解向语篇表达迁移。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（30+单词/短语）、词汇拓展（15词形转换）|聚焦词汇基本含义与词性变化，如warm→warmth、explore→exploration|从核心概念（太阳、行星等）到派生关系，构建词汇网络| |词汇语境练|单词拼写（10首字母+10适当形式）、单选（10题）、完成句子（10题）|通过情境填空、语法选择考查词汇在单句中的准确运用，如“绕行”用move around|结合语法规则（介词、比较级等），实现词汇从孤立记忆到语境应用| |词汇语篇练|完形填空（10空）、短文填空（10空）|在“太阳系结构”“火星探索”语篇中考查词汇连贯运用，如描述行星特征用rocky surface|以主题意义为线索，整合词汇、语法与语篇逻辑，提升综合语言运用能力|

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 adj. 太阳的 n. 温暖 n. 表面；表层 n. 度；度数 n. 电；电能 n. 热量；高温 n. 匙；勺 n. 望远镜 v. 出现；呈现 n. 白天；日间 n. 直径 n. 小行星 n. 腰带；环形地带 v. 使分开；划分 adj. 内部的；内心的 prep. 在...更远处 n. 宇宙 n. 火箭 n. 卫星 n. 物体；对象 adj. 外围的；外边的 n. 岩石 n. 气体；天然气 n. 能量；控制力 adv. 主要地 n. 距离 v. 生存；幸存 adj. 活着的 n. 探索；勘探 n. 发展；开发 n. 工业 n. 山谷 n. 降雨量 v. 升起；上升 adj. 共同的；普遍的 v. 发表；出版 v. 证明；证实 n. 彗星 v. 使结冰；冻结 n. 生物；存在 因为；由于 至少 adj. 奇怪的；奇特的 n. 冥王星 短语 除...之外也；还 与...相似 在...的距离 充满着 组成；编造 在...起重要作用 与...有关 有共同之处 绕行；走遍 把...送到... 逃跑 绕着...来回转 如此...以至于... 既不...也不... 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.warm → ______________ (n.) 温暖 2.electricity → ______________ (adj.) 电动的 3.explore → ______________ (n.) 探索 4.develop → ______________ (n.) 发展 5.industry → ______________ (adj.) 工业的 6.die → ______________ (n.) 死亡 7.responsible → ______________ (n.) 责任 8.appear → ______________ (n.) 外观 9.science → ______________ (adj.) 科学的 10.strong → ______________ (n.) 力量 11.distant → ______________ (n.) 距离 12.related → ______________ (n.) 关系 13.deep → ______________ (n.) 深度 14.long → ______________ (n.) 长度 15.high → ______________ (n.) 高度 一、单词拼写 A. 根据首字母填空。 1.The Sun gives us light and w____________ every day. (温暖) 2.Scientists use a t____________ to observe distant stars. (望远镜) 3.The ____________ (直径) of Earth is about 13,000 kilometers. 4.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, while Neptune is the f____________. (最远的) 5.Asteroid Belt s____________ the inner planets from the outer planets. (分开) 6.The moon is a natural s____________ of Earth. (卫星) 7.Nothing can r____________ from a black hole, not even light. (逃跑) 8.Water on Mars exists mainly u____________ the ground. (在...下面) 9.There are millions of stars in the u____________. (宇宙) 10.The temperature on Neptune is around m____________ 200 degrees. (零下的) B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The ______________ (explore) of Mars has always been a dream for humans. 2.The ______________ (distant) from Earth to Mars is about 225 million kilometers. 3.Scientists are looking for proof of ______________ (live) things on other planets. 4.The ______________ (develop) of space technology has made great progress. 5.Water ______________ (freeze) when the temperature drops below zero. 6.The ______________ (appear) of a comet in the sky is a rare event. 7.The ______________ (industry) revolution changed the world greatly. 8.Pluto was once considered the ninth ______________ (planet). 9.Each planet has its own special ______________ (character). 10.Space ______________ (explore) requires a lot of money and effort. 二、根据汉语提示填空 1.The Earth ______________ (围绕着) the Sun once a year. 2.Scientists ______________ (发射) a rocket into space last month. 3.The surface of Mars is covered with red ______________ (岩石). 4.There is no ______________ (生命) on the Moon because there is no air or water. 5.The Sun provides light and ______________ (热量) for all living things. 6.Satellites help us communicate over long ______________ (距离). 7.Jupiter is the largest ______________ (行星) in the solar system. 8.The ______________ (宇宙) is so large that we cannot imagine its size. 9.Comets are made of ice, dust and ______________ (气体). 10.Human beings have a responsibility to protect our ______________ (共同的) home. 三、单项选择 ( )1.The Earth is ________________ from the Sun than Mercury is. A. closer B. farther C. nearer D. hotter ( )2.The ____________ planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. A. inner B. outer C. small D. hot ( )3.Satellites can help us watch TV and make phone calls. They move ____________ the Earth. A. beyond B. through C. around D. across ( )4.Nothing can survive on the Sun because there are no ____________ things there. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live ( )5.Scientists ____________ a new satellite into orbit last week. A. took B. sent C. brought D. carried ( )6.The temperature on Neptune is ____________ 200 degrees Celsius. A. over B. above C. minus D. plus ( )7.The inner planets and the outer planets have some features ____________. A. in different B. in common C. in trouble D. in need ( )8.The eight planets ____________ make up the solar system. A. as well B. as well as C. also D. too ( )9.Scientists are looking for life on Mars ____________ it is similar to Earth in some ways. A. although B. because C. but D. so ( )10.The solar system is ____________ large ____________ we cannot imagine its real size. A. very; that B. too; to C. so; that D. such; that 四、完成句子（每空限填一词） 1.太阳在维持太阳系行星运转方面起着重要作用。 The Sun ____________ ____________ important ____________ ____________ keeping the planets moving. 2.八大行星共同组成了太阳系。 The eight planets ____________ ____________ the solar system. 3.冥王星离太阳如此之远以至于上面没有生命。 Pluto is ____________ ____________ ____________ the Sun ____________ there is no life on it. 4.地球和水星都是太阳系中的行星。 ____________ Earth ____________ Mercury is a planet in the solar system. 5.火星在某些方面与地球相似。 Mars ____________ ____________ ____________ Earth in some ways. 6.地球距太阳约1.5亿公里。 The Earth is ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ about 150 million kilometers from the Sun. 7.木星是由气体构成的巨大行星。 Jupiter is a huge planet ____________ ____________ ____________ gas. 8.宇宙中至少有一千亿颗恒星。 There are ____________ ____________ 100 billion stars in the universe. 9.太阳不仅在体积上更大，而且温度也更高。 The Sun is bigger ____________ ____________ ____________ hotter in temperature. 10.科幻小说里充满了关于外星生物的想象。 Science fiction books ____________ ____________ ____________ imagination about alien beings. 五、选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次）。 be known for look forward to be made of warn protect millions of be popular with be short of fix make better use of 1.The Great Wall ____________ ____________ ____________ its long history and grand structure. 2.The old watchtower was built ____________ ____________ ____________ the city from enemies. 3.We ____________ ____________ ____________ seeing the beautiful rice terraces in person. 4.The ancient bridge ____________ ____________ ____________ strong stones. 5.____________ ____________ ____________ tourists visit the Palace Museum every year. 6.Please ____________ the children ____________ ____________ climb the broken wall. It's dangerous! 7.This traditional tea house ____________ ____________ ____________ local people and visitors. 8.We should ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ our old cultural traditions. 9.The village is ____________ ____________ ____________ clean water during the dry season. 10.The workers came to ____________ the ____________ roof of the old temple. 一、选词填空 用方框中所给词汇的正确形式填空。有两个词为多余项。 explore surface separate gas common distance power heat mainly although appear beyond Have you ever wondered what lies beyond our home planet? Space exploration has become one of the most exciting fields of scientific research today. The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. The Asteroid Belt 1.____________ the inner planets from the outer planets. The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks, while the outer ones are larger and made of 2.____________. Among all the planets, Earth is special because it is the only one with life. Its 3.____________ temperature is neither too hot nor too cold. This is 4.____________ because Earth is at just the right 5.____________ from the Sun. Venus, which is closer to the Sun, is much hotter, while Mars is colder. Scientists have sent many rockets and satellites into space to 6.____________ other planets. They hope to find something 7.____________ between Earth and other planets. For example, Mars has a rocky 8.____________ like Earth, and there is ice at its poles. 9.____________ we have learned a lot about space, there is still much more to discover. The universe is so large that it 10.____________ our imagination. Who knows what secrets are waiting for us to uncover? 二、完形填空（原创同步） 阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Earth is our only home in space, but scientists have always been curious about other planets. Mars, which is often called the "Red Planet", has caught special attention because it is the most similar to Earth among all the planets in the solar system. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of about 6,800 kilometers, 1.____________ Earth has a diameter of about 13,000 kilometers. Mars looks red because of its red soil. Earth on the other hand, looks blue because of its oceans. Mars is also 2.____________ from the Sun than Earth, so it is much colder. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, while the temperature on Earth is about 14 degrees on 3.____________. 4.____________ the two planets have many differences, they also have something in common. Both have rocky surfaces and ice at their poles. Scientists have 5.____________ rovers to Mars to search for signs of life. So far, they haven't found any living things, but they believe that Mars might have had life billions of years ago. In the future, humans might be able to travel to Mars. Some scientists even think we could build cities there one day. 6.____________, this will not be easy. The journey to Mars takes about seven months, and living there would be very 7.____________ because of the cold temperature and thin air. Space exploration is important because it helps us understand our own planet 8.____________. By studying other planets, we can learn more about how the solar system was formed. Who knows? Maybe one day, humans will have a 9.____________ home on Mars. Until then, we should take good care of our 10.____________ planet, Earth. ( )1.A. because B. while C. so D. if ( )2.A. closer B. nearer C. farther D. shorter ( )3.A. total B. all C. average D. common ( )4.A. Although B. Because C. If D. Unless ( )5.A. taken B. brought C. sent D. carried ( )6.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead ( )7.A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. possible ( )8.A. worse B. less C. more D. better ( )9.A. first B. second C. third D. last ( )10.A. common B. own C. similar D. strange 三、短文填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 The solar system is an amazing part of the universe. At its center is the Sun, a star that gives us light and 1.____________. Eight planets go around the Sun in their own orbits. The four planets closest to the Sun are called the inner planets. They include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. These planets are smaller and made of solid 2.____________. The other four are called the outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They are much 3.____________ and are mainly made of gas. Earth is the only planet known to have life. This is because it is at the right 4.____________ from the Sun. It is neither too hot nor too cold. Water can exist on Earth in all three forms: ice, liquid and gas. This is very important for life to 5.____________. Scientists have always been interested in 6.____________ space. They have sent rockets,satellites and even people into space. These explorations help us learn more about our 7.____________ system and beyond. With the help of telescopes, we can see objects that are billions of kilometers away. Space exploration also 8.____________ an important role in our daily life. Satellites help us with communication, weather forecasting and navigation. Who knows what other 9.____________ we will make in the future? Perhaps one day, humans will be able to live on other planets. The universe is full of mysteries waiting for us to 10.____________. $Unit 6 Earth and Beyond词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 adj. 太阳的 n. 温暖 n. 表面；表层 n. 度；度数 n. 电；电能 n. 热量；高温 n. 匙；勺 n. 望远镜 v. 出现；呈现 n. 白天；日间 n. 直径 n. 小行星 n. 腰带；环形地带 v. 使分开；划分 adj. 内部的；内心的 prep. 在...更远处 n. 宇宙 n. 火箭 n. 卫星 n. 物体；对象 adj. 外围的；外边的 n. 岩石 n. 气体；天然气 n. 能量；控制力 adv. 主要地 n. 距离 v. 生存；幸存 adj. 活着的 n. 探索；勘探 n. 发展；开发 n. 工业 n. 山谷 n. 降雨量 v. 升起；上升 adj. 共同的；普遍的 v. 发表；出版 v. 证明；证实 n. 彗星 v. 使结冰；冻结 n. 生物；存在 因为；由于 至少 adj. 奇怪的；奇特的 n. 冥王星 短语 除...之外也；还 与...相似 在...的距离 充满着 组成；编造 在...起重要作用 与...有关 有共同之处 绕行；走遍 把...送到... 逃跑 绕着...来回转 如此...以至于... 既不...也不... 【答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 solar adj. 太阳的 warmth n. 温暖 surface n. 表面；表层 degree n. 度；度数 electricity n. 电；电能 heat n. 热量；高温 spoon n. 匙；勺 telescope n. 望远镜 appear v. 出现；呈现 daytime n. 白天；日间 diameter n. 直径 asteroid n. 小行星 belt n. 腰带；环形地带 separate v. 使分开；划分 inner adj. 内部的；内心的 beyond prep. 在...更远处 universe n. 宇宙 rocket n. 火箭 satellite n. 卫星 object n. 物体；对象 outer adj. 外围的；外边的 rock n. 岩石 gas n. 气体；天然气 power n. 能量；控制力 mainly adv. 主要地 distance n. 距离 survive v. 生存；幸存 alive adj. 活着的 exploration n. 探索；勘探 development n. 发展；开发 industry n. 工业 valley n. 山谷 rainfall n. 降雨量 rise v. 升起；上升 common adj. 共同的；普遍的 publish v. 发表；出版 prove v. 证明；证实 comet n. 彗星 freeze v. 使结冰；冻结 being n. 生物；存在 due to 因为；由于 at least 至少 strange adj. 奇怪的；奇特的 Pluto n. 冥王星 短语 as well as 除...之外也；还 be similar to 与...相似 at a distance of 在...的距离 be alive with 充满着 make up 组成；编造 play an important role in 在...起重要作用 be related to 与...有关 have something in common 有共同之处 go around 绕行；走遍 send...into... 把...送到... run away 逃跑 move around 绕着...来回转 so...that... 如此...以至于... neither...nor... 既不...也不... 二、词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.warm → ______________ (n.) 温暖 2.electricity → ______________ (adj.) 电动的 3.explore → ______________ (n.) 探索 4.develop → ______________ (n.) 发展 5.industry → ______________ (adj.) 工业的 6.die → ______________ (n.) 死亡 7.responsible → ______________ (n.) 责任 8.appear → ______________ (n.) 外观 9.science → ______________ (adj.) 科学的 10.strong → ______________ (n.) 力量 11.distant → ______________ (n.) 距离 12.related → ______________ (n.) 关系 13.deep → ______________ (n.) 深度 14.long → ______________ (n.) 长度 15.high → ______________ (n.) 高度 【答案】 1.warmth 2.electric 3.exploration 4.development 5.industrial 6.death 7.responsibility 8.appearance 9.scientific 10.strength 11.distance 12.relation 13.depth 14.length 15.height 一、单词拼写 A. 根据首字母填空。 1.The Sun gives us light and w____________ every day. (温暖) 2.Scientists use a t____________ to observe distant stars. (望远镜) 3.The ____________ (直径) of Earth is about 13,000 kilometers. 4.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, while Neptune is the f____________. (最远的) 5.Asteroid Belt s____________ the inner planets from the outer planets. (分开) 6.The moon is a natural s____________ of Earth. (卫星) 7.Nothing can r____________ from a black hole, not even light. (逃跑) 8.Water on Mars exists mainly u____________ the ground. (在...下面) 9.There are millions of stars in the u____________. (宇宙) 10.The temperature on Neptune is around m____________ 200 degrees. (零下的) 【答案】 1.warmth 2.telescope 3.diameter 4.farthest 5.separates 6.satellite 7.run away 8.under 9.universe 10.minus B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The ______________ (explore) of Mars has always been a dream for humans. 2.The ______________ (distant) from Earth to Mars is about 225 million kilometers. 3.Scientists are looking for proof of ______________ (live) things on other planets. 4.The ______________ (develop) of space technology has made great progress. 5.Water ______________ (freeze) when the temperature drops below zero. 6.The ______________ (appear) of a comet in the sky is a rare event. 7.The ______________ (industry) revolution changed the world greatly. 8.Pluto was once considered the ninth ______________ (planet). 9.Each planet has its own special ______________ (character). 10.Space ______________ (explore) requires a lot of money and effort. 【答案】 1.exploration 2.distance 3.living 4.development 5.freezes 6.appearance 7.industrial 8.planet 9.characteristics 10.exploration 二、根据汉语提示填空 1.The Earth ______________ (围绕着) the Sun once a year. 2.Scientists ______________ (发射) a rocket into space last month. 3.The surface of Mars is covered with red ______________ (岩石). 4.There is no ______________ (生命) on the Moon because there is no air or water. 5.The Sun provides light and ______________ (热量) for all living things. 6.Satellites help us communicate over long ______________ (距离). 7.Jupiter is the largest ______________ (行星) in the solar system. 8.The ______________ (宇宙) is so large that we cannot imagine its size. 9.Comets are made of ice, dust and ______________ (气体). 10.Human beings have a responsibility to protect our ______________ (共同的) home. 【答案】 1.goes around 2.sent 3.rock(s) 4.life 5.heat 6.distances 7.planet 8.universe 9.gas 10.common 三、单项选择 ( )1.The Earth is ________________ from the Sun than Mercury is. A. closer B. farther C. nearer D. hotter 【答案】B 【解析】farther"更远的"，根据天文常识，地球比水星离太阳更远。 ( )2.The ____________ planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. A. inner B. outer C. small D. hot 【答案】B 【解析】outer"外围的；外边的"，外行星包括木星、土星、天王星和海王星，是本单元核心词汇。 ( )3.Satellites can help us watch TV and make phone calls. They move ____________ the Earth. A. beyond B. through C. around D. across 【答案】C 【解析】go around"绕行"，卫星围绕地球运行，是本单元核心短语。 ( )4.Nothing can survive on the Sun because there are no ____________ things there. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live 【答案】A 【解析】living things"生物"，指活着的物体。alive作表语，lively活泼的，live现场直播的。 ( )5.Scientists ____________ a new satellite into orbit last week. A. took B. sent C. brought D. carried 【答案】B 【解析】send...into..."把...送入..."，本单元核心短语，表示发射卫星进入轨道。 ( )6.The temperature on Neptune is ____________ 200 degrees Celsius. A. over B. above C. minus D. plus 【答案】C 【解析】minus"零下的"，根据课文内容，海王星温度约零下200摄氏度，是本单元核心词汇。 ( )7.The inner planets and the outer planets have some features ____________. A. in different B. in common C. in trouble D. in need 【答案】B 【解析】have...in common"有共同之处"，本单元核心短语。内行星和外行星有一些共同特征。 ( )8.The eight planets ____________ make up the solar system. A. as well B. as well as C. also D. too 【答案】B 【解析】as well as"除...之外也；还"，本单元核心短语。八颗行星以及太阳共同组成了太阳系。 ( )9.Scientists are looking for life on Mars ____________ it is similar to Earth in some ways. A. although B. because C. but D. so 【答案】B 【解析】because"因为"，引导原因状语从句。科学家寻找火星生命是因为它与地球有相似之处。 ( )10.The solar system is ____________ large ____________ we cannot imagine its real size. A. very; that B. too; to C. so; that D. such; that 【答案】C 【解析】so...that..."如此...以至于..."，本单元核心句型。太阳系如此之大以至于我们无法想象它的真实大小。 四、完成句子（每空限填一词） 1.太阳在维持太阳系行星运转方面起着重要作用。 The Sun ____________ ____________ important ____________ ____________ keeping the planets moving. 2.八大行星共同组成了太阳系。 The eight planets ____________ ____________ the solar system. 3.冥王星离太阳如此之远以至于上面没有生命。 Pluto is ____________ ____________ ____________ the Sun ____________ there is no life on it. 4.地球和水星都是太阳系中的行星。 ____________ Earth ____________ Mercury is a planet in the solar system. 5.火星在某些方面与地球相似。 Mars ____________ ____________ ____________ Earth in some ways. 6.地球距太阳约1.5亿公里。 The Earth is ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ about 150 million kilometers from the Sun. 7.木星是由气体构成的巨大行星。 Jupiter is a huge planet ____________ ____________ ____________ gas. 8.宇宙中至少有一千亿颗恒星。 There are ____________ ____________ 100 billion stars in the universe. 9.太阳不仅在体积上更大，而且温度也更高。 The Sun is bigger ____________ ____________ ____________ hotter in temperature. 10.科幻小说里充满了关于外星生物的想象。 Science fiction books ____________ ____________ ____________ imagination about alien beings. 【答案】 1.plays an; role in 2.make up 3.so far from; that 4.Both; and 5.is similar to 6.at a distance of 7.that is made 8.at least 9.as well as 10.are alive with 五、选词填空 从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次）。 be known for look forward to be made of warn protect millions of be popular with be short of fix make better use of 1.The Great Wall ____________ ____________ ____________ its long history and grand structure. 2.The old watchtower was built ____________ ____________ ____________ the city from enemies. 3.We ____________ ____________ ____________ seeing the beautiful rice terraces in person. 4.The ancient bridge ____________ ____________ ____________ strong stones. 5.____________ ____________ ____________ tourists visit the Palace Museum every year. 6.Please ____________ the children ____________ ____________ climb the broken wall. It's dangerous! 7.This traditional tea house ____________ ____________ ____________ local people and visitors. 8.We should ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ our old cultural traditions. 9.The village is ____________ ____________ ____________ clean water during the dry season. 10.The workers came to ____________ the ____________ roof of the old temple. 【答案】 1.is known for 2.to protect 3.look forward to 4.is made of 5.Millions of 6.warn; not to 7.is popular with 8.make better use of 9.short of 10.fix; broken 一、选词填空 用方框中所给词汇的正确形式填空。有两个词为多余项。 explore surface separate gas common distance power heat mainly although appear beyond Have you ever wondered what lies beyond our home planet? Space exploration has become one of the most exciting fields of scientific research today. The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. The Asteroid Belt 1.____________ the inner planets from the outer planets. The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks, while the outer ones are larger and made of 2.____________. Among all the planets, Earth is special because it is the only one with life. Its 3.____________ temperature is neither too hot nor too cold. This is 4.____________ because Earth is at just the right 5.____________ from the Sun. Venus, which is closer to the Sun, is much hotter, while Mars is colder. Scientists have sent many rockets and satellites into space to 6.____________ other planets. They hope to find something 7.____________ between Earth and other planets. For example, Mars has a rocky 8.____________ like Earth, and there is ice at its poles. 9.____________ we have learned a lot about space, there is still much more to discover. The universe is so large that it 10.____________ our imagination. Who knows what secrets are waiting for us to uncover? 【答案】 1.separates 2.gas 3.average 4.mainly 5.distance 6.explore 7.common 8.surface 9.Although 10.is beyond 二、完形填空（原创同步） 阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Earth is our only home in space, but scientists have always been curious about other planets. Mars, which is often called the "Red Planet", has caught special attention because it is the most similar to Earth among all the planets in the solar system. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of about 6,800 kilometers, 1.____________ Earth has a diameter of about 13,000 kilometers. Mars looks red because of its red soil. Earth on the other hand, looks blue because of its oceans. Mars is also 2.____________ from the Sun than Earth, so it is much colder. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, while the temperature on Earth is about 14 degrees on 3.____________. 4.____________ the two planets have many differences, they also have something in common. Both have rocky surfaces and ice at their poles. Scientists have 5.____________ rovers to Mars to search for signs of life. So far, they haven't found any living things, but they believe that Mars might have had life billions of years ago. In the future, humans might be able to travel to Mars. Some scientists even think we could build cities there one day. 6.____________, this will not be easy. The journey to Mars takes about seven months, and living there would be very 7.____________ because of the cold temperature and thin air. Space exploration is important because it helps us understand our own planet 8.____________. By studying other planets, we can learn more about how the solar system was formed. Who knows? Maybe one day, humans will have a 9.____________ home on Mars. Until then, we should take good care of our 10.____________ planet, Earth. ( )1.A. because B. while C. so D. if ( )2.A. closer B. nearer C. farther D. shorter ( )3.A. total B. all C. average D. common ( )4.A. Although B. Because C. If D. Unless ( )5.A. taken B. brought C. sent D. carried ( )6.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead ( )7.A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. possible ( )8.A. worse B. less C. more D. better ( )9.A. first B. second C. third D. last ( )10.A. common B. own C. similar D. strange 【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.B 【简要解析】 1.while"而；然而"，表示对比。火星直径约6800公里，而地球约13000公里。 2.farther"更远的"，根据常识火星比地球离太阳更远。 3.on average"平均"，固定搭配。地球平均温度约14度。 4.Although"尽管"，引导让步状语从句。 5.send"发送；派遣"，send rovers to Mars表示向火星发送探测器。 6.However"然而"，表示转折。 7.difficult"困难的"，低温稀薄的空气使居住很困难。 8.better"更好地"，太空探索帮助我们更好地理解地球。 9.second"第二的"，人类可能在火星有第二个家。 10.own"自己的"，我们应该照顾好我们自己的星球。 三、短文填空 请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。 The solar system is an amazing part of the universe. At its center is the Sun, a star that gives us light and 1.____________. Eight planets go around the Sun in their own orbits. The four planets closest to the Sun are called the inner planets. They include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. These planets are smaller and made of solid 2.____________. The other four are called the outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. They are much 3.____________ and are mainly made of gas. Earth is the only planet known to have life. This is because it is at the right 4.____________ from the Sun. It is neither too hot nor too cold. Water can exist on Earth in all three forms: ice, liquid and gas. This is very important for life to 5.____________. Scientists have always been interested in 6.____________ space. They have sent rockets,satellites and even people into space. These explorations help us learn more about our 7.____________ system and beyond. With the help of telescopes, we can see objects that are billions of kilometers away. Space exploration also 8.____________ an important role in our daily life. Satellites help us with communication, weather forecasting and navigation. Who knows what other 9.____________ we will make in the future? Perhaps one day, humans will be able to live on other planets. The universe is full of mysteries waiting for us to 10.____________. 【答案】 1.heat 2.rock(s) 3.larger 4.distance 5.survive 6.exploring 7.solar 8.plays 9.discoveries 10.discover/explore 【答案解析】 1.heat"热量"，太阳给予我们光和热，本单元核心词汇。 2.rock(s)"岩石"，内行星由固体岩石构成。 3.larger"更大的"，外行星比内行星大得多，用比较级。 4.distance"距离"，地球与太阳的距离适中，at the right distance。 5.survive"生存"，水对生命生存非常重要，本单元核心词汇。 6.exploring"探索"，be interested in后接动名词，用exploring。 7.solar"太阳的"，solar system太阳系，帮助我们了解太阳系及更远的地方。 8.plays"扮演"，play an important role in"在...中起重要作用"，本单元核心短语。 9.discoveries"发现"，未来可能取得的其他发现，用名词复数。 10.discover/explore"发现/探索"，宇宙充满等待我们去探索的奥秘。 $