Unit 6 Earth and Beyond核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（仁爱科普版2024）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The change of seasons on Earth is directly (relate) to the tilt of our planet as it moves around the Sun. 2．The planet Mercury has extreme temperatures, which can reach over 400 (degree) Celsius during the day. 3．The Sun provides our planet with both light and (warm). 4．The (distant) from the Earth to the Sun is about 150 million kilometers. 5．The (bright) of the full moon makes it easy to see clearly at night. 6．The sky is (fill) with stars on a clear night. 7．The (develop) of telescopes allows us to see farther into our solar system. 8．The (explore) of Mars by robots and satellites helps scientists learn more about the Red Planet. 9．So far, scientists have not found any intelligent (being) on other planets. 10．The water on Mars is (freeze) in the form of ice at the poles. 11．Through the telescope, Mars looks a little (big) than it does with just our eyes. 12．How (amaze) it is to see so many stars in the night sky! 13．The (similar) between the two dresses is their colour. 14．If you want to make (far) progress in learning English, you must practice speaking as much as possible every day. 15．These problems are much (simple) than those. 16．To live a healthier life, Billy now puts (little) salt than before when cooking. 17．Six people were killed in the accident, (include) a six-year-old girl. 18．My (old) sister will go to Thailand for a holiday. 19．He kept the little cat by feeding it warm milk. (live) 20．She will be much (happy) in her new class. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．Through a telescope, we can see the Moon as a bright (物体) in the night sky. 22．Without a spacesuit, humans cannot (生存) in space because there is no air to breathe. 23．It is (普遍的) for people to use telescopes to watch stars and planets at night. 24．My mom uses (天然气) to cook delicious meals for our family every day. 25．The (表面) of the lake was covered with green leaves. 26．The (宇宙) is so big that we can’t see its end. 27． (尽管) it’s autumn, the temperature is still high and I feel like eating ice cream. 28．Nothing is more (令人兴奋的) than playing tennis. 29．I think you’ll find these chairs are (舒服的) than those. 30．You look better in (明亮的) colors like orange and red. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．你越努力，你就会越幸运。 The more you are, the you’ll be. 32．火星任务的成功归功于许多科学家的辛勤工作。 The success of the Mars mission was the hard work of many scientists. 33．这颗红色的行星因其颜色被称为火星。 The red planet Mars because of its color. 34．尽管其他人违反规则，但是我们应该等待绿灯。 We should for the green light others break the rule. 35．杰克没有去剧院，我也没有。 Jack didn’t go to the theater and . 36．我相信未来中国能设计更多的AI产品。我为自己是中国人而自豪。 In the future, I believe China can design more AI products. I Chinese. 37．他的帐篷里有东西，看起来像是一盏灯。 There’s his tent: it looks like a light. 38．吃水果是更好的选择。 Eating fruits is a . 39．玛丽的毛衣与我的很相似。(完成译句) Mary’s sweater is very mine 40．在她的帮助下，我变得更加自信。 , I’ve become . 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will life be like in 100 years? Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. The Earth will be crowded and there will be more 1 (pollute) then. It is hoped that people could build a 2 (good) world on Mars. Here 3 (be) what life there could be like in the future. Humans can’t live without water, air or food. So far, nobody 4 (know) whether there would be enough water or air on Mars for people. Moreover, scientists are not sure whether 5 (plant) could grow on Mars. Food would most possibly be in 6 form of pills (药片) and would not be so tasty. Compared 7 life on the earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have more space. They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also, robots would do a lot of 8 (they) work so that they could have more time to relax. There would 9 (probable) be no schools on Mars. Every student would study at online schools with “e-teachers”. Life on Mars would be interesting 10 challenging. However, it takes time. So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our planet—the Earth! 阅读短文，根据括号内单词的正确形式填空。 UFO means Unidentified Flying Object. Have you ever 1 (see) the UFOs? Today many people like reading stories about them. In many countries, people are 2 (study) UFOs. But what are UFOs? There are some different 3 (idea) about UFOs. Among those sayings, the 4 (popular) one is that they carry visitors coming from other stars. They seem to fly much 5 (fast) than planes. Some UFO scientists and many other people believe 6 (this) ideas. Some people said that they saw a few UFOs land on the earth. Some people said that they saw some strange visitors come out of the UFOs. Some even said they were carried away in the UFOs, and then were sent back by the strange visitors. Some people 7 (make) mistakes when they said they had seen UFOs. Maybe they saw a weather balloon or an uncommon plane. Sometimes they saw the light from the moon. But there are a lot of things we can’t understand. Now, people still can’t understand UFOs 8 (clear). It may take many years 9 (find) a clear answer and then people 10 (give) UFOs another name. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The change of seasons on Earth is directly (relate) to the tilt of our planet as it moves around the Sun. 【答案】related 【详解】句意：地球上的季节变化与我们的地球绕太阳运行时的倾斜直接相关。空处位于“is directly”后，填形容词作表语。relate“使有联系”，动词，形容词为related“相关的”，be related to“与……有关”。故填related。 2．The planet Mercury has extreme temperatures, which can reach over 400 (degree) Celsius during the day. 【答案】degrees 【详解】句意：水星的温度极高，白天可达400摄氏度以上。degree“度”，可数名词，400后跟可数名词复数。故填degrees。 3．The Sun provides our planet with both light and (warm). 【答案】warmth 【详解】句意：太阳为我们的星球提供光和热。根据“both light and...”可知，此处是and连接两个并列的名词，warmth意为“温暖、热量”，是不可数名词。故填warmth。 4．The (distant) from the Earth to the Sun is about 150 million kilometers. 【答案】distance 【详解】句意：地球到太阳的距离约为1.5亿公里。根据空前的the可知，空处填名词作主语，distant的名词是distance“距离”，be动词是is，因此名词用单数。故填distance。 5．The (bright) of the full moon makes it easy to see clearly at night. 【答案】brightness 【详解】句意：满月的光亮使得夜晚能看得一清二楚。空处位于“The”后，“of”前，填名词作主语。bright“明亮的”，形容词，名词为brightness“光亮，明亮”，不可数名词。故填brightness。 6．The sky is (fill) with stars on a clear night. 【答案】filled 【详解】句意：晴朗的夜空中繁星满天。be filled with“充满；装满”，固定短语。故填filled。 7．The (develop) of telescopes allows us to see farther into our solar system. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：望远镜的发展使我们能够更深入地观察太阳系。空处填名词作主语。develop“发展”，动词，名词为development“发展”，不可数名词。故填development。 8．The (explore) of Mars by robots and satellites helps scientists learn more about the Red Planet. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：机器人和卫星对火星的探索有助于科学家更多地了解这颗红色星球。根据空格前的定冠词the和空格后的介词of，可知空格处应填名词，explore(探索)，是动词，其名词形式是exploration，意思是“探索”，是不可数名词。故填exploration。 9．So far, scientists have not found any intelligent (being) on other planets. 【答案】beings 【详解】句意：到目前为止，科学家们还没有在其他星球上发现任何智慧生物。空格前有“any一些，用于否定句修饰”，being表示生物时是可数名词，因此需用复数形式beings，符合“any + 可数名词复数”的结构。故填beings。 10．The water on Mars is (freeze) in the form of ice at the poles. 【答案】frozen 【详解】句意：火星上的水在两极以冰的形式处于冻结状态。空格前为系动词“is”，此处需填入freeze的形容词形式作表语，构成“系表结构”，描述主语长期存在的性质或状态。frozen作为过去分词形容词，意为“冰冻的”，符合句意。故填frozen。 11．Through the telescope, Mars looks a little (big) than it does with just our eyes. 【答案】bigger 【详解】句意：通过望远镜，火星看起来比我们仅用眼睛看时大一点 。big“大的”，根据“than”可知，此处用比较级，其比较级为bigger。故填bigger。 12．How (amaze) it is to see so many stars in the night sky! 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意：在夜空中看到这么多星星是多么令人惊叹啊！amaze“使惊叹”，动词；根据感叹句结构“How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”以及“it is”可知，此处应使用形容词形式amazing作表语。故填amazing。 13．The (similar) between the two dresses is their colour. 【答案】similarity 【详解】句意：这两条裙子的相似之处在于它们的颜色。空处填名词作主语。similar“相似的”，形容词，名词为similarity“相似之处”，可数名词。根据“is their colour”可知，空处用单数名词。故填similarity。 14．If you want to make (far) progress in learning English, you must practice speaking as much as possible every day. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：如果你想在学习英语方面取得进一步的进展，你必须每天尽可能多地练习说。根据“you must practice speaking as much as possible every day.”可知，必须每天尽可能多地练习说是为了可以在学习英语方面取得进一步的进展，所以此处需要用比较级further表示“进一步的、更深层次的”，侧重抽象意义上的“进展”。故填further。 15．These problems are much (simple) than those. 【答案】simpler 【详解】句意：这些问题比那些问题简单得多。根据“are much ... than”可知，此处用形容词simple的比较级simpler“更简单的”。故填simpler。 16．To live a healthier life, Billy now puts (little) salt than before when cooking. 【答案】less 【详解】句意：为了过上更健康的生活，比利现在做饭时放的盐比以前更少了。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级形式，little的比较级为less“更少的”。故填less。 17．Six people were killed in the accident, (include) a six-year-old girl. 【答案】including 【详解】句意：事故造成六人死亡，其中包括一名六岁女孩。include“包含，包括”是动词，此处需要一个介词来引出被包含的对象，including“包括”符合语境，用于补充说明六人中包含的具体对象。故填including。 18．My (old) sister will go to Thailand for a holiday. 【答案】elder 【详解】句意：我的姐姐/妹妹将要去泰国度假。根据“My … sister will go to Thailand for a holiday.”以及英文提示可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词“sister”，表示“年长的”。elder作为形容词时，意为“年长的”，常用来修饰人，且只用于比较两个人的长幼关系，通常放在名词前作定语。故填elder。 19．He kept the little cat by feeding it warm milk. (live) 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：他给小猫喂热牛奶使它活了下来。根据“kept the little cat … by feeding it warm milk”结合提示词可知，此处应指给小猫喂热牛奶使它活下来，因此应用alive“活着的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填alive。 20．She will be much (happy) in her new class. 【答案】happier 【详解】句意：她在新班级会更快乐。happy“快乐的”，形容词，much修饰用比较级happier。故填happier。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．Through a telescope, we can see the Moon as a bright (物体) in the night sky. 【答案】object 【详解】句意：通过望远镜，我们可以把月亮看作夜空中一个明亮的物体。结合汉语提示和语境可知，“物体”对应的英文单词是 “object”，前面有不定冠词a，此处需要用可数名词单数形式。故填object。 22．Without a spacesuit, humans cannot (生存) in space because there is no air to breathe. 【答案】survive 【详解】句意：没有太空服，人类就无法在太空中生存，因为那里没有空气可以呼吸。“生存”survive，动词，cannot后跟动词原形。故填survive。 23．It is (普遍的) for people to use telescopes to watch stars and planets at night. 【答案】common 【详解】句意：人们在晚上用望远镜观察星星和行星是很普遍的事。common“普遍的”，形容词。故填common。 24．My mom uses (天然气) to cook delicious meals for our family every day. 【答案】natural gas 【详解】句意：我妈妈每天用天然气为我们家做美味的饭菜。根据汉语提示可知，natural gas“天然气”，其中gas为不可数名词。故填natural gas。 25．The (表面) of the lake was covered with green leaves. 【答案】surface 【详解】句意：湖面覆盖着绿叶。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“表面”，surface“表面”，名词；根据“The...of the lake”可知，此处特指湖的表面，使用名词单数形式。故填surface。 26．The (宇宙) is so big that we can’t see its end. 【答案】universe 【详解】句意：宇宙是如此之大，以至于我们看不到它的尽头。根据汉语提示可知，universe意为“宇宙”，名词，此处表示独一无二的宇宙。故填universe。 27． (尽管) it’s autumn, the temperature is still high and I feel like eating ice cream. 【答案】Although/Though 【详解】句意：虽然已经是秋天了，但是气温仍然很高，我很想吃冰淇淋。尽管：although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 28．Nothing is more (令人兴奋的) than playing tennis. 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：没有什么比打网球更令人兴奋的了。根据中文提示“令人兴奋的”可知，此处应填形容词exciting，其比较级形式为more exciting，与句中的“more”构成比较级表达。故填exciting。 29．I think you’ll find these chairs are (舒服的) than those. 【答案】more comfortable 【详解】句意：我认为你会发现这些椅子比那些更舒服。根据“are...than”可知此处用形容词比较级，用于两者之间的比较，comfortable“舒服的”是多音节词，比较级形式为more comfortable，故填more comfortable。 30．You look better in (明亮的) colors like orange and red. 【答案】bright 【详解】句意：你穿橘色或者红色这样明亮颜色的衣服看起来更好。根据提示“明亮的”可知，这里修饰名词“colors”用形容词“bright”作定语。故填bright。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．你越努力，你就会越幸运。 The more you are, the you’ll be. 【答案】 hardworking luckier 【详解】此处是结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。“努力”英文表达为“hardworking”，其比较级是“more hardworking”，第一空填“hardworking”；“幸运的”英文表达为“lucky”，其比较级是“luckier”；两个空都是形容词作表语。故填hardworking；luckier。 32．火星任务的成功归功于许多科学家的辛勤工作。 The success of the Mars mission was the hard work of many scientists. 【答案】due to 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“归功于”，due to“归功于”，是固定搭配。故填due to。 33．这颗红色的行星因其颜色被称为火星。 The red planet Mars because of its color. 【答案】is called 【详解】时态为一般现在时，结合“被称为”可知，此处需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，结构为is+动词过去分词形式，is called“被称为”。故填is called。 34．尽管其他人违反规则，但是我们应该等待绿灯。 We should for the green light others break the rule. 【答案】 wait although/though 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“等待”和“虽然”的英文。wait for意为“等待”，固定搭配，情态动词should后跟动词原形，故第一个空填wait；although/though“虽然”引导让步状语从句。故填wait；although/though。 35．杰克没有去剧院，我也没有。 Jack didn’t go to the theater and . 【答案】 neither did I 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“我也没有”的表达。“Jack didn’t go...”是否定句，表达“某人也没有做某事”需用固定结构“neither+助动词+sb”；“neither”用于承接否定情况，指代前文的“没去剧院”，且前半句时态为一般过去时（didn’t go），因此助动词用 did；此处指代“我”，主语用 I。故填neither；did；I。 36．我相信未来中国能设计更多的AI产品。我为自己是中国人而自豪。 In the future, I believe China can design more AI products. I Chinese. 【答案】 am proud of being 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处需表达“为自己是……而自豪”。“为……自豪”常见的英文表达为be proud of，后接名词或动名词；“自己是中国人”可译为being Chinese。句子主语为I，时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用am。故填am；proud；of；being。 37．他的帐篷里有东西，看起来像是一盏灯。 There’s his tent: it looks like a light. 【答案】 something in/inside 【详解】something“某物，东西”，常用于肯定句中，in/inside“在里面”。故填something；in/inside。 38．吃水果是更好的选择。 Eating fruits is a . 【答案】 better choice 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“更好的选择”，更好的“better”，选择“choice”，名词，a后面接名词单数。故填better；choice。 39．玛丽的毛衣与我的很相似。(完成译句) Mary’s sweater is very mine 【答案】 simliar to 【详解】根据中文提示可知，空处缺少“相似”，形容词，be similar to 与……相似，be动词用is，故填similar；to。 40．在她的帮助下，我变得更加自信。 , I’ve become . 【答案】 With her help more confident 【详解】with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”，her“她的”，根据汉语提示可知，此处应用比较级，become后跟形容词作表语，confident“自信的”，其比较级是more confident。故填With；her；help；more；confident。 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What will life be like in 100 years? Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. The Earth will be crowded and there will be more 1 (pollute) then. It is hoped that people could build a 2 (good) world on Mars. Here 3 (be) what life there could be like in the future. Humans can’t live without water, air or food. So far, nobody 4 (know) whether there would be enough water or air on Mars for people. Moreover, scientists are not sure whether 5 (plant) could grow on Mars. Food would most possibly be in 6 form of pills (药片) and would not be so tasty. Compared 7 life on the earth, life on Mars would be better in some ways. People would have more space. They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also, robots would do a lot of 8 (they) work so that they could have more time to relax. There would 9 (probable) be no schools on Mars. Every student would study at online schools with “e-teachers”. Life on Mars would be interesting 10 challenging. However, it takes time. So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our planet—the Earth! 【答案】 1．pollution 2．better 3．is 4．knows 5．plants 6．the 7．with 8．their 9．probably 10．and 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于火星的一些信息和关于人类生活在火星上的一些想象。 1．句意：地球将会变得拥挤，到时会有更多的污染。由“be more”可知，后接名词。故填pollution。 2．句意：人们希望在火星上建立一个更美好的世界。由“people could build a…world on Mars”可知，此处指建立一个比地球更好的世界，应用比较级。故填better。 3．句意：这就是未来的生活。句子为一般现在时，又由“what life”可知，be动词应用is。故填is。 4．句意：到目前为止，没有人知道火星上是否有足够的水或空气供人类居住。由“nobody”可知，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填knows。 5．句意：此外，科学家们也不确定植物是否能在火星上生长。由“…could grow on Mars”及常识可知，植物不止一种，应用复数形式。故填plants。 6．句意：食物很可能会以药丸的形式出现，而且不会那么美味。in the form of“用……的形式”，固定短语。故填the。 7．句意：与地球上的生活相比，火星上的生活在某些方面会更好。compare with“与……相比”，固定短语。故填with。 8．句意：此外，机器人会做很多工作，这样他们就有更多的时间放松。由“…work”可知，此处指他们的工作，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 9．句意：火星上可能没有学校。此处应用副词修饰系动词be。故填probably。 10．句意：火星上的生活将是有趣而富有挑战性的。由“interesting…challenging”可知，此处是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 阅读短文，根据括号内单词的正确形式填空。 UFO means Unidentified Flying Object. Have you ever 1 (see) the UFOs? Today many people like reading stories about them. In many countries, people are 2 (study) UFOs. But what are UFOs? There are some different 3 (idea) about UFOs. Among those sayings, the 4 (popular) one is that they carry visitors coming from other stars. They seem to fly much 5 (fast) than planes. Some UFO scientists and many other people believe 6 (this) ideas. Some people said that they saw a few UFOs land on the earth. Some people said that they saw some strange visitors come out of the UFOs. Some even said they were carried away in the UFOs, and then were sent back by the strange visitors. Some people 7 (make) mistakes when they said they had seen UFOs. Maybe they saw a weather balloon or an uncommon plane. Sometimes they saw the light from the moon. But there are a lot of things we can’t understand. Now, people still can’t understand UFOs 8 (clear). It may take many years 9 (find) a clear answer and then people 10 (give) UFOs another name. 【答案】 1．seen 2．studying 3．ideas 4．most popular 5．faster 6．these 7．made 8．clearly 9．to find 10．will give 【导语】本文主要介绍了人们对UFO（不明飞行物）的不同看法和研究现状。 1．句意：你曾见过UFO吗？根据“Have you ever…”可知，此处需用现在完成时，即“have/has done”的结构，see的过去分词是seen。故填seen。 2．句意：在许多国家，人们正在研究UFO。are后接现在分词表示进行时，study的现在分词是studying。故填studying。 3．句意：关于UFO有一些不同的观点。根据“different”可知，其修饰可数名词复数，idea的复数是ideas。故填ideas。 4．句意：其中最流行的说法是它们搭载来自其他星球的访客。结合语境和“the”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，popular的最高级是most popular。故填most popular。 5．句意：它们似乎比飞机飞得快得多。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级，fast的比较级是faster。故填faster。 6．句意：一些UFO科学家和许多其他人相信这些说法。ideas为复数，需用these指代。故填these。 7．句意：一些人说他们见过UFO时犯了错误。根据“said”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，make的过去式是made。故填made。 8．句意：人们仍然无法清楚地理解UFO。修饰动词“understand”需用副词，clear的副词是clearly。故填clearly。 9．句意：可能需要很多年才能找到一个明确的答案，然后人们会给UFO另一个名字。it takes/took time to do sth.为固定结构，表示“做某事需要花……时间”。故填to find。 10．句意：可能需要很多年才能找到一个明确的答案，然后人们会给UFO另一个名字。结合语境和“and then”提示未来动作，需用will do结构。故填will give。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $