专题13 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了情态动词专题，涵盖can/could、may/might、must/have to等六大核心考点，通过基本用法与拓展用法分层呈现，构建了从基础功能到语境应用的完整知识体系。 清单以知识脑图搭建脉络框架，结合即时训练实现知能分层突破，高考真题与名校模拟题分类精炼，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特设易错提醒如“can’t...too...”句型标注，“should have done”等结构结合真题解析，帮助学生精准掌握考点，教师可据此优化复习策略，提升备考效率。

专题13 情态动词（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 情态动词can和could 知识点1 can和could基本用法 知识点2 can和could拓展用法 考点二 情态动词may和might 知识点1 may和might基本用法 知识点2 may和might基本用法 考点三 情态动词must和have to 知识点1 must和have to基本用法 知识点2 must和have to拓展用法 考点四 情态动词shall, should和ought to 知识点1 shall, should和ought to基本用法 知识点2 shall, should和ought to拓展用法 考点五 情态动词will和would 知识点1 will和would基本用法 知识点2 will和would拓展用法 考点六 情态动词need和dare 知识点1 情态动词need基本用法 知识点2 情态动词dare基本用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（情态动词） 名校模拟（情态动词） 单项选择（情态动词） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 情态动词can和could 知识点1 can和could基本用法 1.表示“能力”时，can表示 ，could表示 。 The machine can work 24 hours a day. 这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 上大学时，我能通宵学习。 2.表示“推测”时，can用于 中，can't表示“ ”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 He can’t be an astronaut. He knows nothing about space. 他不可能是宇航员，他对太空一无所知。 This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 这可能是正确答案，但我们再检查一下吧。 can’t...too...或者can’t....enough....句型表示“ ” You can’t pay too much attention to traffic rules when driving. 开车时再怎么重视交通规则都不过分。 We can’t gain enough knowledge about new energy technology. 关于新能源技术的知识学得再多都不为过。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于 中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window? 您能开一下窗户吗？ 知识点2 can和could拓展用法 1.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示“ ”。 We may be able to travel by flying cars in twenty years. 二十年后我们或许能乘坐飞行汽车出行。 After hard work, she was able to record many disappearing folk arts. 经过努力，她成功记录下许多濒临失传的民间艺术。 2.could have done表示“ ”；couldn’t have done表示“ ”。 You could have visited the space museum with us last weekend. 你上周末本可以和我们一起参观航天馆。 She couldn’t have missed the folk art show, for she loved it deeply. 她不可能错过这场民间艺术演出，她十分热爱这类节目。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The man standing at the gate be our new headmaster, because I saw him in the office just now. 2.（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业） I leave early today? No, you must stay until 5. 3.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）—Isn’t that your teacher over there? —No, it be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. 4.（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）—I thank you enough for your timely help. —It’s my pleasure. 5.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the important meeting? 考点二 情态动词may和might 知识点1 may和might基本用法 1.may和might可用于 中表示“许可”，用在 中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小， 。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure. 他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting. 她可能忘了开会这件事。 知识点2 may和might拓展用法 1.may/might well do sth意为“ ”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“ ”。 There is no bus now, so we may as well walk back. 现在没有公交了，我们不妨步行回去。 It’s too late to catch the maglev; we might as well take a taxi home. 赶不上磁悬浮列车了，我们不如打车回家。 2.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“ ！”。 May you stay healthy and achieve all your life goals. 祝你身体健康，心想事成。 May you have a smooth and safe journey all the time. 祝你一路平安，旅途顺遂。 “May you+动词原形”这一句型属于部分倒装句，注意主语后面接 。 May our country grow stronger! 愿我们祖国日益强盛。 May all your wishes come true! 愿你万事顺遂。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The road is slippery after the rain. I be a little late for the appointment, so please wait for me. 2．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Look at the dark clouds. It rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Liza well not want to go for a picnic — she hates going outing. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 5．（2026高二上·全国·课后作业）Sorry I'm late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 考点三 情态动词must和have to 知识点1 must和have to基本用法 1.must表示“必须”，强调说话人的 ，否定式为mustn't，意为“ ”。 You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library. 禁止在图书馆吸烟。 2.have to表示客观需要，意为“ ”，否定式为 ，相当于needn't。 We have to wear protective suits when entering the space lab. 进入太空实验室时，我们必须穿上防护服。 She doesn’t have to visit the exhibition if she is busy. 如果很忙，她不必去参观这场展览。 知识点2 must和have to拓展用法 1.must表示“推测”，意为“ "，只用于肯定句中。must be doing ；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“ ”。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired. 你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower. 他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 2.must表示“ ”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”的情绪。 The car must break down on the highway! 车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ Why must you mention the failure of the rocket test right now? 你怎么偏偏在这个时候提起火箭试验失败的事？ 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）You (be) tired now after working on this task for a whole afternoon. 2．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Why you always interrupt me when I am doing my homework? 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Visit the old man this afternoon? If you , make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin. 4．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）There’s a strong smell of smoke in the room. Someone (smoke) here just now. 5．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The room is spotless. Someone (clean) it thoroughly before we arrived. 考点四 情态动词shall, should和ought to 知识点1 shall, should和ought to基本用法 1.shall用在第 人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email? 这份报告用邮件发给你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第 人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. 我保证他明天之前会拿到这本书。 Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 任何违法者都必须承担责任。 3.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“ ”，否定式为 。 You should/ought to finish your homework on time. 你应当按时完成作业。 She shouldn’t/ought not to waste food. 她不应该浪费粮食。 知识点2 shall, should和ought to拓展用法 1.should表示“推测”,常意为“ ”；should还可以表示说话人的 等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. 火车按道理 9:30 到，它从不晚点。 It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. 他居然对自己的父母撒谎，太荒谬了。 2.should have done表示“ ”，否定式则表示在“ ”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity. 她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket. 他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Never we ignore the small details that matter in our study and daily life. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）You (not waste) so much time playing computer games every day as a student. 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）According to the club’s regulations, every member abide by the rules and respect other members. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Anyone who drives through a red light be fined according to the newly-made traffic regulations. 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）She ought (stop) work; she has a headache because she has been reading all day long. 6．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）He should (finish) his work yesterday, but he was too lazy. 7．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I (return) the book to the library last week, but I was too busy with my exams. 8．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）You have told him the truth; it made him so sad. 9．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You should (come), but why didn’t you? 10．（25-26高二下·河南南阳·专题练习）Since you have made such good preparations, there not be any problem about passing the coming exam. 考点五 情态动词will和would 知识点1 will和would基本用法 1.will表示“请求”，常用于第 疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于 动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. 他过去常常坐在窗边发呆。 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示 。 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 知识点2 will和would拓展用法 1.would用于否定句可以表示 ，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于 ，表示委婉的用法。 Would you please….?请你……好吗？ Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？ Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？ Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ 2.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与 相反的假设。 You would have seen him if you had come earlier. 你来早点的话，就能见到他了。 But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 要不是你的帮忙，我那次考试肯定不及格。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）—Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. —The door not open, no matter how hard I pushed. 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 3．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）He play football when he was in middle school. 4．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）We lost our way in that small village; otherwise we would (visit) more places of interest yesterday. 5．（25-26高二上·吉林·阶段检测）He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he (come) to the meeting. 考点六 情态动词情态动词need和dare 知识点1 情态动词need用法 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared. 她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours. 她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance? 他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired. 这扇破窗户需要被修理。 知识点2 情态动词dare用法 1.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class? 他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child. 她小时候不敢独自外出。 2.dare用作实意动词，接动词不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news. 她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher? 他们敢和老师争论吗？ 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— Must I hand in the paper now? — No, you __________. 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）You (not, buy) so many apples. We have only three people at home. 3．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）You (tell) Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. 4．（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）I (worry) before I came to my new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 5．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I go out, even at night. 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（情态动词） 1.（2025·天津3月卷）You________ rush to finish the report. The deadline has been extended. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t 2.（2025·天津6月卷）No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A. would B. might C. shall D. need 3.（2024·天津3月卷）Dave was very generous and he_________ always share what he had with everyone else. A. would B. might C. must D. need 4.（2024·天津6月卷）I __________the knowledge quiz last week, but I spent much time playing video games before it. A. couldpass B. must pass C. could have passed D. must have passed 5.（2023·天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 6.（2021·天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 7.（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you __________drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 8.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 9.（2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 10.（2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 11.（2019·天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He _________ many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 12.（2018·天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 13.（2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 14.（2015·天津卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 15.（2015·重庆卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 16.（2015·福建卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 17.（2014·重庆卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 18. (2013安徽卷)It _______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 19.（2011·重庆卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 20.（2011·北京卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He ______________come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 名校模拟分类精炼（情态动词） 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）You smoke in the hospital. It’s strictly forbidden. 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）He (be) in the classroom now, because I saw him enter it just now. 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）— I’ve bought enough drinks and snacks for the party. — Do you mean we not prepare anything else? 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Our English teacher is considerate, helpful, and warm-hearted, but sometimes she be angry at our silly mistakes. 5．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）You (come) all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）—Are you going to her party? —I’m not sure. I stay home and help my son with his lessons. 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Why you trouble me when I’m busy with my lessons? 8．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）If you want to lose weight, you eat less junk food. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Curious about the world around him, my son ask me endless questions when he was young. 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If you want your bedroom to be more calming, you’d (good) explore neutrals (中性色) , light greens, and golds. 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We (visit) the Bird’s Nest last weekend, but it suddenly began to rain. 12．（24-25高一下·四川广安·阶段检测）She couldn’t (attend) that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then. 13．（25-26高一下·江苏·期中）We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work. 14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now. 15．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）She looks worried. She have heard some bad news. 重点语法单项选择（情态动词） 1．（25-26高二下·天津静海·阶段检测）— My printer _________ print, no matter how many times I try. — It might be out of ink. You should check the cartridge. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）I ________ early last night, but I watched a movie and stayed up till midnight. A．should have slept B．must have slept C．could sleep D．should sleep 3．（25-26高二下·天津·期末）No one saw Mike leave the dorm last night, so he __________ slipped out when all of us fell asleep, but nobody can confirm it. A．should have B．could have C．may have D．might have 4．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）—________ we clean the classroom together after the afternoon class? —Good idea! Teamwork can make the work much easier and faster. A．Shall B．Must C．May D．Can 5．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）— These purple clay works look so amazing! — True. But we ________ touch any of them. They break easily. A．need not B．may not C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 6．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）—Mum, could I ride an electric bicycle to school? —No, you _________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 7．（26-27高三·上海·初升高衔接）You ________ worry too much about your lessons. Rest a few days, and we will help you. A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may not 8．（2026·天津·二模）According to the new company regulations, all employees ______ wear a uniform during working hours. A．might B．could C．shall D．would 9．（2026·天津河北·二模）Despite his best efforts to rest, he ________ sleep until he had caught the idea he was hunting for. A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 10．（2026·天津南开·二模）— The computer keeps showing errors. Do you think the technician updated the software yesterday? — He________ it. He left the office much earlier than usual and didn’t touch the computer at all. A．should have updated B．must have updated C．needn’t have updated D．couldn’t have updated 11．（2026·天津东丽·二模）As a member of the community, everyone ______ care for public facilities, such as not littering in parks or damaging shared equipment. A．used to B．would rather C．ought to D．had better 12．（2026届天津市南开区高三二模英语试题）— Where are you going this summer holiday? — I’m not sure. I ________ go to a cooler place in the northeast. A．should B．must C．need D．might 13．（2026·天津·一模）— The writing competition results are out. Li Ming won the first prize! — He ______ a lot of effort into his essay. He even consulted several foreign teachers. A．might put B．could put C．should have put D．must have put 14．（2026·天津·三模）I, as his long-time partner, still find it quite unbelievable that such a cautious and thoughtful young man ________ make such a silly and avoidable mistake in the important national competition. A．shall B．must C．can D．should 15．（2026·天津宝坻·三模）The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we ________ continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. A．must B．could C．should D．shall 16．（2026·天津·二模）The witness’s account contradicts the official statement, so he _______ have made up the story to gain public sympathy. A．need B．could C．should D．must 17．（2026·天津红桥·三模）When they lived in the countryside, they see lots of stars on clear nights because of the lack of city lights. A．could B．should C．will D．must 18．（2026·天津河西·三模）You ________ bother to bring a gift. Your presence at the party is the best present for us. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 19．（2026·天津武清·模拟预测）— You look upset. What’s wrong? — I ________ you the truth earlier, but I was afraid you would get angry. A．should tell B．must tell C．should have told D．must have told 20．（2026·天津北辰·二模）Tom ________ have forgotten to turn off the lights because he always remembers to do so. A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mightn’t 13 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 情态动词（知识清单） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 情态动词can和could 知识点1 can和could基本用法 知识点2 can和could拓展用法 考点二 情态动词may和might 知识点1 may和might基本用法 知识点2 may和might基本用法 考点三 情态动词must和have to 知识点1 must和have to基本用法 知识点2 must和have to拓展用法 考点四 情态动词shall, should和ought to 知识点1 shall, should和ought to基本用法 知识点2 shall, should和ought to拓展用法 考点五 情态动词will和would 知识点1 will和would基本用法 知识点2 will和would拓展用法 考点六 情态动词need和dare 知识点1 情态动词need基本用法 知识点2 情态动词dare基本用法 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 高考真题（情态动词） 名校模拟（情态动词） 单项选择（情态动词） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 情态动词can和could 知识点1 can和could基本用法 1.表示“能力”时，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 The machine can work 24 hours a day. 这台机器能全天 24 小时运行。 When I was in college, I could stay up all night studying. 上大学时，我能通宵学习。 2.表示“推测”时，can用于否定句中，can't表示“不可能”。could表“推测”时，比can的可能性要小。 He can’t be an astronaut. He knows nothing about space. 他不可能是宇航员，他对太空一无所知。 This could be the right answer, but let's check again. 这可能是正确答案，但我们再检查一下吧。 can’t...too...或者can’t....enough....句型表示“无论……也不过分；越……越好” You can’t pay too much attention to traffic rules when driving. 开车时再怎么重视交通规则都不过分。 We can’t gain enough knowledge about new energy technology. 关于新能源技术的知识学得再多都不为过。 3.表示“请求”或“许可”时，通常用于疑问句中；could表“请求”时比can更委婉。 Can you help me carry this bag? 你能帮我提这个包吗？ Could you please open the window? 您能开一下窗户吗？ 知识点2 can和could拓展用法 1.be able to do表示“能够做某事”，不能与 can连用，但有更多时态。was/were able to do 表示“过去能够而且做到了某事”。 We may be able to travel by flying cars in twenty years. 二十年后我们或许能乘坐飞行汽车出行。 After hard work, she was able to record many disappearing folk arts. 经过努力，她成功记录下许多濒临失传的民间艺术。 2.could have done表示“本可以做某事”；couldn’t have done表示“不可能做了某事”。 You could have visited the space museum with us last weekend. 你上周末本可以和我们一起参观航天馆。 She couldn’t have missed the folk art show, for she loved it deeply. 她不可能错过这场民间艺术演出，她十分热爱这类节目。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）The man standing at the gate be our new headmaster, because I saw him in the office just now. 1.can’t 【解析】句意：站在门口的那个男人不可能是我们的新校长，因为我刚才在办公室看见他了。根据后半句语境提供的明确依据，此处表示有把握的否定推测，用can’t表示“不可能”。 2.（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业） I leave early today? No, you must stay until 5. 2.May/Can 【解析】句意：我今天可以早点走吗？不行，你必须待到五点。此处用于向对方委婉请求许可，可用情态动词may或can，位于句首，首字母需大写。 3.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）—Isn’t that your teacher over there? —No, it be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. 3.can’t 【解析】句意：——那边那位难道不是你的老师吗？——不是，不可能是他，我确定他不戴眼镜。空后为动词原形，由此可知，此处使用情态动词，结合句意以及“I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses”可知，此处表示语气强烈的否定推测，所以此处使用情态动can’t。 4.（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）—I thank you enough for your timely help. —It’s my pleasure. 4.can’t 【解析】句意：——对你及时的帮助，我怎么感谢都不为过。 ——不客气。can’t...enough表示“再……也不为过，无论怎么……都不够”，是日常交际中用来强烈表达情感的常用结构。 5.（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the important meeting? 5.can/could 【解析】句意：史密斯先生做什么事都准时。他怎么可能在重要会议上迟到了呢？“How can/could it be that...” 是常用句型，表示“怎么可能……”，用于表达对已发生事情的惊讶或难以置信。其中“can”和“could”均可表示可能性，“could”语气稍显委婉或更强调惊讶程度。 考点二 情态动词may和might 知识点1 may和might基本用法 1.may和might可用于肯定句中表示“许可”，用在疑问句中表示“请求”。 May I leave early today? 我今天可以早点走吗？ You might borrow the car if you ask politely. 如果你礼貌请求，或许可以借到车。 2. might表“推测”时，可能性比may的可能性小，把握不大。may/might have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，但是把握不大。 He might be busy, but I’m not sure. 他可能很忙，但我不确定。 She may have forgotten the meeting. 她可能忘了开会这件事。 知识点2 may和might拓展用法 1.may/might well do sth意为“很可能”, may/might as well do sth.表示建议，意为“不妨做某事”。 There is no bus now, so we may as well walk back. 现在没有公交了，我们不妨步行回去。 It’s too late to catch the maglev; we might as well take a taxi home. 赶不上磁悬浮列车了，我们不如打车回家。 2.“May you+动词原形”表示祝愿，意为“祝你……！”。 May you stay healthy and achieve all your life goals. 祝你身体健康，心想事成。 May you have a smooth and safe journey all the time. 祝你一路平安，旅途顺遂。 “May you+动词原形”这一句型属于部分倒装句，注意主语后面接动词原形。 May our country grow stronger! 愿我们祖国日益强盛。 May all your wishes come true! 愿你万事顺遂。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）The road is slippery after the rain. I be a little late for the appointment, so please wait for me. 1.might/may 【解析】句意：雨后路面很滑。我可能会因为这个原因而晚点到达约会地点，所以请等我一下。此处表示推测、可能性可用might或may。 2．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Look at the dark clouds. It rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. 2.may/might 【解析】句意：看那些乌云。今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨伞。Look at the dark clouds(看那些乌云)是推测依据，但乌云仅代表有下雨的可能，并非必然下雨，故用情态动词may/might。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Liza well not want to go for a picnic — she hates going outing. 3.may 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：丽莎可能不想去野餐——她讨厌外出游玩。根据well not want可知，此处用情态动词may，may well意为“很可能，极有可能”，表示猜测，后接动词原形。故填may。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She have forgotten the time. Why don’t I call and see what happened? 4.can/could/may/might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——快到七点四十五分了，贝丝还没出现。——她可能/也许忘记了时间。我为什么不打电话看看发生了什么事？根据句意可知，此处表示对过去发生事情的推测，且把握性不大，表示“可能/也许已经做了某事”，所以应用can/could/may/might have done结构。故填can/could/may/might。 5．（2026高二上·全国·课后作业）Sorry I'm late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 5.might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：对不起，我迟到了。我(当时) 兴许是关了闹钟又回去睡觉了。根据句意可知，此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法区别，谓语动词结构为“情态动词+have+过去分词”，表示对过去情况进行推测，根据句意可知，应用情态动词might，表示语气不肯定。故填might。 考点三 情态动词must和have to 知识点1 must和have to基本用法 1.must表示“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度，否定式为mustn't，意为“不允许，禁止”。 You must finish your homework before dinner. 你必须在晚饭前完成作业。 You mustn't smoke in the library. 禁止在图书馆吸烟。 2.have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，否定式为don’t have to，相当于needn't。 We have to wear protective suits when entering the space lab. 进入太空实验室时，我们必须穿上防护服。 She doesn’t have to visit the exhibition if she is busy. 如果很忙，她不必去参观这场展览。 知识点2 must和have to拓展用法 1.must表示“推测”，意为“一定是，准是"，只用于肯定句中。must be doing肯定正在做某事；must have done表示对过去发生的事情肯定判断，表示“肯定已经做了”。 You’ve been working all day. You must be tired. 你工作了一整天，一定很累。 He didn’t answer the phone. He must be taking a shower. 他没接电话，一定在洗澡。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨。 2.must表示“偏要”，指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。用于表达说话人对某人固执行为或不合时宜的情况的不满、不耐烦或责备，强调“对方偏偏要这样做”，隐含“本不该如此却执意为之”的情绪。 The car must break down on the highway! 车子偏要在高速上抛锚！ Why must you mention the failure of the rocket test right now? 你怎么偏偏在这个时候提起火箭试验失败的事？ 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）You (be) tired now after working on this task for a whole afternoon. 1.must be 【解析】句意：你为这个任务忙了一下午，现在一定很累了。对现在情况肯定推测用must do。 2．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）Why you always interrupt me when I am doing my homework? 2.must 【解析】句意：为什么我做作业的时候你总是要打断我？句子强调对方在自己做作业这个特定时间总是打断自己这一行为，带有一种抱怨的语气，应用情态动词must表示“偏偏、非得”，用来表达说话人对对方反复做某事的厌烦情绪。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Visit the old man this afternoon? If you , make sure you wear sunscreens to protect your skin. 3.must 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：今天下午去看望那位老人吗？如果你非要去的话，一定要涂防晒霜保护皮肤。情态动词must用于条件句中，可表示“非要、偏要”的语气，体现说话人略带提醒或不建议但尊重对方决定的态度。故填must。 4．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）There’s a strong smell of smoke in the room. Someone (smoke) here just now. 4.must have smoked 【解析】句意：房间里有一股浓烈的烟味。刚才一定有人在这里抽烟了。must have done是对过去发生事情的肯定推测，根据房间里有烟味这一现在的情况，推测过去“刚才有人在这里抽烟”，must have smoked在句中作谓语，表达这种对过去事情的肯定推测。 5．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The room is spotless. Someone (clean) it thoroughly before we arrived. 5.must have cleaned 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。 句意：这个房间一尘不染。我们到达之前，一定有人把它彻底打扫过了。 根据前句 “The room is spotless”的语境，可推测此处是对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用must have done结构。 故填must have cleaned。 考点四 情态动词shall, should和ought to 知识点1 shall, should和ought to基本用法 1.shall用在第一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we go for a walk after dinner? 晚饭后我们去散步好吗？ Shall the report be sent to you by email? 这份报告用邮件发给你可以吗？ 2.shall用在第二、三人称陈述句中时，表示说话人的允诺、命令、告诫等。 He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise. 我保证他明天之前会拿到这本书。 Whoever breaks the law shall be held responsible. 任何违法者都必须承担责任。 3.should/ought to表示责任，义务，意为“应该”，否定式为should not/ ought not to。 You should/ought to finish your homework on time. 你应当按时完成作业。 She shouldn’t/ought not to waste food. 她不应该浪费粮食。 知识点2 shall, should和ought to拓展用法 1.should表示“推测”,常意为“按道理说应该”；should还可以表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等，多用于It is necessary that…句型。 The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late. 火车按道理 9:30 到，它从不晚点。 It’s ridiculous that he should lie to his own parents. 他居然对自己的父母撒谎，太荒谬了。 2.should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，否定式则表示在“本不该做某事但已经做了”。 She should have accepted the job offer. It was a great opportunity. 她本应该接受那份工作的，那是个好机会。 He shouldn’t have driven so fast. Now he’s got a speeding ticket. 他本不该开那么快的，现在收到超速罚单了。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Never we ignore the small details that matter in our study and daily life. 1.should 【解析】句意：我们永远不要忽视学习和生活中至关重要的微小细节。never置于句首，用部分倒装。根据句意可知，表示“应该”，用should。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）You (not waste) so much time playing computer games every day as a student. 2.should not waste 【解析】句意：作为一名学生，你不应该每天浪费这么多时间玩电脑游戏。should表建议，意为“应该”，否定形式为should not，所以要填should not waste。 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）According to the club’s regulations, every member abide by the rules and respect other members. 3.shall 【解析】句意：依据社团规章，每位成员必须遵守条例、尊重其他成员。用于规章制度、条约中，表示强制规定，意为“应当、必须”，用shall。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Anyone who drives through a red light be fined according to the newly-made traffic regulations. 4.shall 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：根据新制定的交通法规，任何闯红灯的人都将会被罚款。情态动词shall用于第三人称主语的陈述句中时，可表示法律、法规、规章制度等的强制规定，意为“必须、应当”，本句中“according to the newly-made traffic regulations”为法规要求，意为“必须，应该”，因此用shall符合句子的语义逻辑和语法规则。故填shall。 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）She ought (stop) work; she has a headache because she has been reading all day long. 5.to stop 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：她应该停止工作；她头痛是因为她一整天都在看书。ought to do，表示应该做某事，故填to stop。 6．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）He should (finish) his work yesterday, but he was too lazy. 6.have finished 【解析】句意：他昨天本应该完成工作，但他太懒惰了。结合句意，此处表示本应该做而未做，应使用should have done结构，所以此处为have finished。 7．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）I (return) the book to the library last week, but I was too busy with my exams. 7.should have returned 【解析】句意：我本应该上周就把这本书还给图书馆的，但我那时忙着准备考试，没时间去做这件事。根据后文but I was too busy with my exams可知，此处表示本应该却没有，用should have done形式。 8．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）You have told him the truth; it made him so sad. 8.shouldn’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你不应该告诉他真相；这让他很伤心。由it made him so sad可知，此处表示“本不应该告诉他真相”，shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”，故填shouldn’t。 9．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You should (come), but why didn’t you? 9.have come 【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来的，但你为什么没来？此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，使用虚拟语气，应用should have done结构，意为“本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，come的过去分词为come。故填have come。 10．（25-26高二下·河南南阳·专题练习）Since you have made such good preparations, there not be any problem about passing the coming exam. 10.should 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然你做了这么好的准备，通过即将到来的考试应该没有任何问题。由Since you have made such good preparations可知，句子表示“既然你做了这么好的准备，通过即将到来的考试应该没有任何问题”，空格处意为“应该会”，表达一种预期，用should。故填should。 考点五 情态动词will和would 知识点1 will和would基本用法 1.will表示“请求”，常用于第二人称疑问句中，would比will语气更委婉。 Will you call me when you arrive? 你到了之后给我打个电话好吗？ Would you help me with this form? 您能帮我填一下这张表吗？ 2. will表示主观愿望、意志或决心，would用于过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常常做某事”。 He will not listen to anyone’s advice. 他不肯听任何人的劝告。 He would often sit by the window, lost in thought. 他过去常常坐在窗边发呆。 3.will和would用于第二人称的疑问句中，would表示委婉语气。 Will you wait for me at the entrance? 你能在入口处等我吗？ Would you like to have a cup of tea? 您想喝杯茶吗？ 知识点2 will和would拓展用法 1.would用于否定句可以表示顽固倾向，意为“老是不”“总是不”。另外，would do还可以表示过去将来时； would用于一般疑问句，表示委婉的用法。 Would you please….?请你……好吗？ Would you like to do…? 你想……吗？ Would you mind doing…? 你介意……吗？ Would you rather do…?你倒愿意……吗？ Would you pass the menu, please? 请您把菜单递给我好吗？ Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 您介意等几分钟吗？ Would you please open the door? 您能开一下门吗？ 2.would have done多用于虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。 You would have seen him if you had come earlier. 你来早点的话，就能见到他了。 But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 要不是你的帮忙，我那次考试肯定不及格。 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）—Why don’t you enter the office? They are waiting for you. —The door not open, no matter how hard I pushed. 1.will 【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你为什么不进办公室？他们在等你呢。——不管我怎么使劲推，这扇门就是打不开。情态动词will用于物作主语的句子中时，可表示事物的某种固有属性或倾向，意为“总是、就是（会）”。故填will。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 2.can/will 【解析】考查情态动词和部分倒装。句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和我们的星球的威胁。only修饰状语从句位于句首，句子应用部分倒装。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。根据“Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature”和“we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet”可知，此处是指才能停止对野生动物和我们的星球的威胁，应用情态动词can或will表示“能够，会”。故填can/will。 3．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）He play football when he was in middle school. 3.would 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他上中学时常常踢足球。根据was可知，此处表示过去反复发生的动作，应用情态动词would，强调过去反复踢足球的动作，应用would。故填would。 4．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）We lost our way in that small village; otherwise we would (visit) more places of interest yesterday. 4.have visited 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村子迷路了，否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜古迹。结合语境和otherwise可知，此处为含蓄虚拟语气，陈述与过去相反的事实，表示“本会做某事（而未做）”应用would have done。故填have visited。 5．（25-26高二上·吉林·阶段检测）He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he (come) to the meeting. 5.would have come 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他昨天很忙，否则他就来开会了。根据otherwise和句意可知，此处为含蓄虚拟语气，主句谓语动词的形式为：would have done。故填would have come。 考点六 情态动词情态动词need和dare 知识点1 情态动词need用法 1.need用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，后接动词原形。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。 She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared. 她没必要担心考试，她准备得很充分。 She needn’t have hurried to the airport. The flight was delayed for 2 hours. 她本没必要急着去机场，航班延误了 2 小时。 2.need用作实意动词，接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。need doing=need to be done表示需要做。 Do they need to book a hotel in advance? 他们需要提前预订酒店吗？ The broken window needs to be repaired. 这扇破窗户需要被修理。 知识点2 情态动词dare用法 1.dare用作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句，只有dare和dared两种形式。I dare say...意为“我想,大概,可能,或许……”。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢独自外出。 Dare he speak in front of the whole class? 他敢在全班面前发言吗？ She dared not go out alone when she was a child. 她小时候不敢独自外出。 2.dare用作实意动词，接动词不定式作宾语。 She didn’t dare (to) tell him the bad news. 她不敢告诉他这个坏消息。 Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher? 他们敢和老师争论吗？ 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）— Must I hand in the paper now? — No, you __________. 1.needn’t / don’t have to 【解析】考查情态动词的回答。句意：—— 我现在必须交论文吗？—— 不，你不必。解析：以Must开头的一般疑问句，其否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to。故填needn’t/don’t have to。 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）You (not, buy) so many apples. We have only three people at home. 2.needn't have bought 【解析】句意：你没必要买这么多苹果。我们家里只有三个人。表示“本不必买却买了”用needn’t have bought。 3．（24-25高二下·全国·课后作业）You (tell) Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. 3.needn’t have told 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你本不必告诉他任何事。这根本不关他的事。根据下文的It was none of his business.可知，此处表示“本没必要做某事”，应该用needn’t have done表示。故填needn’t have told。 4．（22-23高二下·全国·课后作业）I (worry) before I came to my new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 4.needn’t have worried 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在我来到我的新学校之前，我本不必担心，因为我这里的同学对我很友好。此处表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”，应该用情态动词needn't+have done的结构，再根据提示，故填needn’t have worried。 5．（25-26高三·广东·三轮复习）There was a little mouse staying at home all day. I go out, even at night. 5.daren’t 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：有一只小老鼠整天待在家里。我甚至不敢在晚上出去。此处表示“不敢”，用情态动词dare的否定形式daren’t。故填daren’t。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（情态动词） 1.（2025·天津3月卷）You________ rush to finish the report. The deadline has been extended. A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t 1.C 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你不必急于完成这份报告。截止日期已经延长了。A. couldn’t不能；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t不必；D. wouldn’t不会。根据后文“The deadline has been extended.”可知，截止日期已经延长了，不必急于完成这份报告。故选C。 2.（2025·天津6月卷）No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A. would B. might C. shall D. need 2.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：未经图书馆管理员允许，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。考查情态动词。A. would将会； B. might可能；C. shall将要，将会；D. need需要。shall用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故选C。 3.（2024·天津3月卷）Dave was very generous and he_________ always share what he had with everyone else. A. would B. might C. must D. need 3. A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：戴夫为人十分慷慨，过去总愿意把自己拥有的一切分享给所有人。情态动词would可以表示过去习惯性行为，意为“往往会，总是”。 故选A。 4.（2024·天津6月卷）I __________the knowledge quiz last week, but I spent much time playing video games before it. A. couldpass B. must pass C. could have passed D. must have passed 4. C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：上周那场知识竞赛我本可以及格的，可赛前我花了大量时间打电子游戏。could have done是虚拟语气用法，表示“本能够做某事（实际没能做成）”，用于对过去事情的惋惜、后悔。故选C。 5.（2023·天津卷）We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A. mustn’t B. daren’t C. needn’t D. can’t 5.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 6.（2021·天津卷）---I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. ---Well, you never know! You________ a better impression than you think. A. may have made B. should have made C. couldn't have made D. needn't have made 6.A 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：—老实说，我觉得我不会被录取。—唉，谁知道呢!你给人的印象可能比你想象的要好。A.may have made 可能；B.should have made本应该做；C.couldn't have made不可能做；D.needn't have made本不必做。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能，故选A。 7.（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you __________drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. A. need B. should C. could D. must 7.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。 8.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 8.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。 9.（2020·天津卷）You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't 9.D 【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done指做了本不该做的事，must have done表示对过去发生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done表示应当做某事而实际上未做；mustn’t不和have done连用。故选D。 10.（2018·天津·高考卷）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left 10. D 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。 11.（2019·天津卷）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He _________ many times last week. A. need have practised B. might practise C. must have practised D. could practise 11.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 12.（2018·天津卷）—What’s wrong with the door? —The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t 12.D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：---门怎么了?---钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. mustn’t禁止；C. needn’t    不需要；D. won’t不会。won’t表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。 13.（2017·天津·高考卷）My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 13. C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A. daren’t不敢；Bshouldn’t不应该；C. needn’t不需要；D. mustn’t不许。根据but可知，意思表示转折，故选C。 14.（2015·天津卷）I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 14.C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据后一句“for my classmates here are very friendly to me.”可知，同学对我非常友好所以我本没必要但心。mightn't也许不；mustn't不允许；couldn't不可能。故选C。 15.（2015·重庆卷）You ________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can C. will D. shall 15. A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测；can表示推测，表示可能性；will表示意愿；shall表示表示决心、命令或指示。根据下文“这些年你一点用没有改变”可知，前文表示肯定性推测。故选A。 16.（2015·福建卷）—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. —Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations. A. must B. can C. would D. should 16. D 【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：—对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。—噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D 17.（2014·重庆卷）I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not 17. C 【解析】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t表示“无能力”；B. dare not表示“无勇气”；C. needn’t意为“无必要”；D. may not表示“推断”。 因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。 18. (2013安徽卷)It _______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t 18. B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：造成你这道练习题困难的原因不可能是词汇问题，毕竟你掌握的单词很多。从语气来看这里表示完全否定，couldn’t表示完全否定，意为“不可能”。故选择B项。 19.（2011·重庆卷）—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 19. C 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你昨天晚上为什么没来参加Simon的聚会？——我想去，但我妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去。A.could“可以，能够”，表示可能性或用语礼貌委婉语气；B.might“可能”，表示不确定；C.would“愿意”，表示意愿；D.should“应该”，表示建议、命令、决定等。结合语境，此处为“妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去”，故选C。 20.（2011·北京卷）—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He ______________come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 20. D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我真不喜欢James。你为什么邀请他？——别担心。他可能不来。他说他不确定他的计划。A. must not禁止；B. need not不必；C. would not不会，不肯；D. might not可能不。根据he wasn’t certain可知，James可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定，might not，故选D。 名校模拟分类精炼（情态动词） 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）You smoke in the hospital. It’s strictly forbidden. 1.mustn’t 【解析】句意：你不许在医院吸烟，这里严禁吸烟。根据“It’s strictly forbidden.”可知，此处表示明文禁止，情态动词mustn’t用于表达禁止、不准。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）He (be) in the classroom now, because I saw him enter it just now. 2.must be 【解析】句意：他现在一定在教室里，因为我刚才看见他进去了。 根据时间状语“now”及原因状语从句“because I saw him enter it just now”可知，说话人依据亲眼所见的事实，对当前情况作出非常有把握的肯定推测，应用“must + 动词原形”。 3．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）— I’ve bought enough drinks and snacks for the party. — Do you mean we not prepare anything else? 3.need 【解析】句意：——我已经为派对买了足够的饮料和零食。——你的意思是我们不需要准备其他东西了吗？need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形，意为“需要”。符合语境。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Our English teacher is considerate, helpful, and warm-hearted, but sometimes she be angry at our silly mistakes. 4.can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我们的英语老师体贴、乐于助人且心地善良，但有时她也会对我们的一些愚蠢错误感到生气。句中出现sometimes时，用情态动词 can 表示“有时候会”。故填can。 5．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）You (come) all the way to my office; I could have sent you the documents by email. 5.needn’t have come 【解析】考查情态动词的完成式用法。句意：你本不必专程来我办公室的；我本可以通过邮件把文件发给你。根据后句“我本可邮件发送文件”可知，前句强调“专程跑来”的行为没有必要，需用“needn’t have + 过去分词”结构表示“本不必做却做了某事”。故填needn’t have come。 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）—Are you going to her party? —I’m not sure. I stay home and help my son with his lessons. 6.might 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你要去她的聚会吗？——我不太确定。我可能会待在家里，帮助儿子做功课。根据上文I’m not sure可知表示不太确定的推测，用情态动词might，表示“也许，大概”。故填might。 7．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Why you trouble me when I’m busy with my lessons? 7.must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我正忙着做功课，你为什么偏要打扰我呢？must在这里作为情态动词，意为“偏偏，非要”，表示说话人对对方行为的不满。故填must。 8．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）If you want to lose weight, you eat less junk food. 8.should/ought to 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你想减肥，就应该少吃垃圾食品。结合“If you want to lose weight”可知，此处提出“应该少吃垃圾食品”的建议，should和ought to“应该”符合题意。故填should/ought to。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Curious about the world around him, my son ask me endless questions when he was young. 9.would 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：儿子小时候对周遭的世界充满好奇，常常会没完没了地问我问题。分析句子语境可知，此处需要填一个情态动词，体现过去经常性、习惯性的动作，would符合语境（would可表示过去反复发生的动作）。故填would。 10．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）If you want your bedroom to be more calming, you’d (good) explore neutrals (中性色) , light greens, and golds. 10.better 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你希望你的卧室更宁静，你最好探索中性色、浅绿色和金色。情态动词had better表示“最好”，后接动词原形，所以本空应填比较级better。故填better。 11．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We (visit) the Bird’s Nest last weekend, but it suddenly began to rain. 11.could have visited 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：我们上周末本可以去参观鸟巢的，但突然下起了雨。结合时间状语last weekend以及“it suddenly began to rain”可知，此处表达对过去情况的虚拟推测，其结构为“could have done”，意为“过去本来可以做某事但实际未做”，所以谓语动词为could have visited。故填could have visited。 12．（24-25高一下·四川广安·阶段检测）She couldn’t (attend) that meeting, for she was doing paperwork in the office then. 12.have attended . 【解析】考查情态动词的推测。句意：她不可能参加那个会议，因为她当时正在办公室做文书工作。根据后文内容“因为她当时正在办公室做文书工作”，由此表示“她不可能参加那个会议”，表示过去不可能做过某事，对过去发生的动作进行否定推测，使用couldn’t have done的结构。故填have attended。 13．（25-26高一下·江苏·期中）We have helped him; in that case, he would have been able to finish the work. 13.should 【解析】句意：我们本应该帮助他的；那样的话，他就能完成这项工作了。should have done表示“本应该做某事（而实际上没做）”，根据后半句“他就能完成这项工作了”可知实际没帮他，符合语境。 14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now. 14.have eaten 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。根据“so much fried chicken just now”可知，此处是指刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡，shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故填have eaten。 15．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业）She looks worried. She have heard some bad news. 15.must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：她看起来忧心忡忡。她一定是听到了一些坏消息。根据前句“她看起来忧心忡忡”，推测她一定是听到坏消息，must用于肯定句中表示对现在或过去情况有把握的推测，意为“一定”。故填must。 重点语法单项选择（情态动词） 1．（25-26高二下·天津静海·阶段检测）— My printer _________ print, no matter how many times I try. — It might be out of ink. You should check the cartridge. A．won’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 1.A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——无论我尝试多少次，我的打印机就是不能打印。——可能是没墨了。你应该检查一下墨盒。won’t表示意愿或能力上的“不会，不愿”；mustn’t表示禁止或不允许；can’t表示能力上的“不能”；needn’t表示“不必”。根据句意可知，此处表示打印机“不愿”或“不能”打印，此处更侧重于表达一种意愿或功能上的失效，won’t更能体现出打印机“拒绝”打印的意味，符合题意。故填A。 2．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）I ________ early last night, but I watched a movie and stayed up till midnight. A．should have slept B．must have slept C．could sleep D．should sleep 2.A 【解析】句意：我昨晚本应该早睡，但我看了电影熬夜到午夜。根据转折语境可知，此处是本该早睡却熬夜了，应用should have done。 3．（25-26高二下·天津·期末）No one saw Mike leave the dorm last night, so he __________ slipped out when all of us fell asleep, but nobody can confirm it. A．should have B．could have C．may have D．might have 3.D 【解析】句意：昨晚没有人看到迈克离开宿舍，所以他可能是在我们都睡着的时候溜出去的，但没有人能证实这一点。should have done含义为本应该做某事（实际并没有做），带有责备的意味，could have done两层常用含义，一是过去本能够做某事却未实施，二是对过去进行把握度偏高的推测；may have done和might have done都能够针对过去发生的事情做出不确定推测，但might 的推测语气更加委婉、把握程度更低，根据句中的but nobody can confirm it可知，说话人对迈克溜出去这件事非常不确定，因此使用might have done最符合语境。 4．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）—________ we clean the classroom together after the afternoon class? —Good idea! Teamwork can make the work much easier and faster. A．Shall B．Must C．May D．Can 4.A 【解析】句意：——下午课后我们一起打扫教室好吗?——好主意!团队合作能让工作变得更轻松更快。根据答语“Good idea!”可知，上句是提出建议。“Shall we...?”是常用句型，用来征求对方意见或提出建议。 5．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）— These purple clay works look so amazing! — True. But we ________ touch any of them. They break easily. A．need not B．may not C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 5.C 【解析】句意：——这些紫砂作品看起来太神奇了!——没错。但是我们千万不能触摸它们中的任何一件。它们很容易碎。A.need not不必；B.may not可能不/不可以；C.mustn’t禁止/不能(语气强烈);D. couldn’t不能(语气委婉)。根据后句“They break easily”可知作品容易破碎，为了保护作品，禁止触摸，mustn’t符合语境。 6．（26-27高三·全国·初升高衔接）—Mum, could I ride an electric bicycle to school? —No, you _________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles. A．couldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 6.D 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我能骑电动自行车去上学吗?——不，你不能。16岁以下的学生不允许骑电动自行车。 couldn’t不能(过去式)；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能。根据问句“could I...”是委婉请求许可，回答时应用can’t表示“不可以”，且后句“Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles”说明是规定上的不允许。 7．（26-27高三·上海·初升高衔接）You ________ worry too much about your lessons. Rest a few days, and we will help you. A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may not 7.C 【解析】句意：你不必太担心你的功课。休息几天，我们会帮你的。A. mustn’t禁止；B. should应该；C. needn’t不必；D. may not可能不。根据语境可知，句子表达的“没有必要担心”，用needn’t来表达。 8．（2026·天津·二模）According to the new company regulations, all employees ______ wear a uniform during working hours. A．might B．could C．shall D．would 8.C 【解析】句意：根据公司新规定，所有员工必须在工作时间穿制服。A. might可能；B. could可以、能够；C. shall必须、应当；D. would将会、过去常常。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，可表示法令、规章明确要求的义务，意为“应当、必须”，符合本题公司新规定的语境。 9．（2026·天津河北·二模）Despite his best efforts to rest, he ________ sleep until he had caught the idea he was hunting for. A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t D．shouldn’t 9.C 【解析】句意：尽管他尽力休息，但无法入睡，直到想出了他苦苦寻觅的那个点子。A.wouldn’t不愿；B.mustn’t禁止；C.couldn’t不能够；D.shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，此处表示客观上不能、无法入睡，couldn’t符合语境。 10．（2026·天津南开·二模）— The computer keeps showing errors. Do you think the technician updated the software yesterday? — He________ it. He left the office much earlier than usual and didn’t touch the computer at all. A．should have updated B．must have updated C．needn’t have updated D．couldn’t have updated 10.D 【解析】句意：—电脑一直报错。你觉得技术员昨天更新软件了吗？—他不可能更新了。他比平时早很多离开办公室，根本没碰过电脑。A. should have updated本应该更新；B. must have updated一定已经更新；C. needn’t have updated本不必更新；D. couldn’t have updated不可能更新。根据后文“didn’t touch the computer at all”可知，此处是对过去事情的否定推测，couldn’t have done 表示过去不可能做过某事。 11．（2026·天津东丽·二模）As a member of the community, everyone ______ care for public facilities, such as not littering in parks or damaging shared equipment. A．used to B．would rather C．ought to D．had better 11.C 【解析】句意：作为社会的一员，每个人都应该爱护公共设施，比如不在公园乱扔垃圾、不损坏公共设备。A. used to过去常常；B. would rather宁愿；C. ought to应该；D. had better最好。根据语境，此处是表达社会责任层面理应做的事。 12．（2026届天津市南开区高三二模英语试题）— Where are you going this summer holiday? — I’m not sure. I ________ go to a cooler place in the northeast. A．should B．must C．need D．might 12.D 【解析】句意：——今年暑假你要去哪里？——我不确定。我可能去东北一个凉快的地方。A. should应该；B. must必须、一定；C. need需要；D. might可能、也许。由前一句“I’m not sure.(我不确定)” 可知此处是不确定的推测，表示有可能去某地。 13．（2026·天津·一模）— The writing competition results are out. Li Ming won the first prize! — He ______ a lot of effort into his essay. He even consulted several foreign teachers. A．might put B．could put C．should have put D．must have put 13.D 【解析】句意：——写作比赛结果出来了。李明得了一等奖！——他一定在文章上投入了很多精力。他甚至请教了几位外教。根据前文李明获得一等奖以及后文他请教了几位外教可知，此处是对过去事情的肯定推测，表示他当时一定在文章上投入了很多精力，应用must have done。 14．（2026·天津·三模）I, as his long-time partner, still find it quite unbelievable that such a cautious and thoughtful young man ________ make such a silly and avoidable mistake in the important national competition. A．shall B．must C．can D．should 14.D 【解析】句意：作为他的长期搭档，我仍然觉得非常难以置信，这样一个谨慎而周到的年轻人竟然会在重要的全国比赛中犯下如此愚蠢且可以避免的错误。A. shall将要；B. must必须；C. can能够；D. should竟然，居然。根据上文“quite unbelievable”以及“such a cautious and thoughtful young man”可知，说话人对一个如此谨慎的人竟然犯了愚蠢的错误感到难以置信，should在此表示“竟然、居然”，含有惊讶、意外的语气。 15．（2026·天津宝坻·三模）The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we ________ continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. A．must B．could C．should D．shall 15.A 【解析】句意：挑战者号的牺牲在召唤我们，提醒我们无论繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都必须继续去探索。A. must必须；B. could能够；C. should应该；D. shall将要。结合“continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem”可知，此处表达的是一种强烈的义务和号召，强调面对牺牲，我们有不可推卸的责任去追求目标，语气最为坚定，故用must。 16．（2026·天津·二模）The witness’s account contradicts the official statement, so he _______ have made up the story to gain public sympathy. A．need B．could C．should D．must 16.D 【解析】句意：目击者的描述与官方声明相矛盾，所以他一定是为了博取公众同情而编造了这个故事。根据前半句“目击者的描述与官方声明相矛盾”以及连词“so”可知，此处是得出肯定的推测结论，认为他一定编造了故事，“must have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”。 17．（2026·天津红桥·三模）When they lived in the countryside, they see lots of stars on clear nights because of the lack of city lights. A．could B．should C．will D．must 17.A 【解析】句意：当他们住在乡下时，因为没有城市的灯光，在晴朗的夜晚他们能看到许多星星。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. will将会；D. must必须。根据从句中的谓语动词lived可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，主句也应使用相应的过去时态。could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力或可能性，意为“能够”，符合语境。 18．（2026·天津河西·三模）You ________ bother to bring a gift. Your presence at the party is the best present for us. A．couldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 18.C 【解析】句意：你不必费心带礼物。你出席派对就是给我们最好的礼物。A. couldn’t不能；B. mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；D. wouldn’t不会。 根据题意，后半句提到“你出席派对就是给我们最好的礼物”，说明不需要带礼物，空格处意为“不必”。 19．（2026·天津武清·模拟预测）— You look upset. What’s wrong? — I ________ you the truth earlier, but I was afraid you would get angry. A．should tell B．must tell C．should have told D．must have told 19.C 【解析】句意：——你看起来心情不好，怎么了?——我本该早点告诉你真相的，但我怕你会生气。A. should tell应该告诉(一般现在/将来时)；B. must tell必须告诉(表命令或肯定推测)；C. should have told本应该告诉(实际过去并未做，表虚拟/后悔)；D. must have told肯定告诉过了(对过去发生事情的肯定推测)。根据句意，回答者过去没有说出真相，现在对此感到后悔，should have told(本该告诉你真相)符合语境。 20．（2026·天津北辰·二模）Tom ________ have forgotten to turn off the lights because he always remembers to do so. A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mightn’t 20.B 【解析】句意：汤姆不可能忘记关灯，因为他总是记得关灯。A. needn’t (have done)本不必做某事；B. can’t (have done)不可能做过某事；C. shouldn’t (have done)本不应该做某事；D. mightn’t (have done)可能没有做过某事。根据‌“because he always remembers to do so”可知，汤姆总是记得关灯，这说明他忘记关灯的可能性极小，can’t have forgotten表示对过去事情的否定推测，意为‌“不可能忘记”，符合语境。 12 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $