Unit 1 Life Choices（知识清单）英语北师大版必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 1 Life Choices”内容，涵盖词汇（阅读/写作/变形/拓展/熟词生义/短语词块）、语法（动词不定式、V-ing和V-ed形容词）、写作（句型及非正式邮件）三大核心范畴，搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到写作实践输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类分级呈现知识体系，如词汇按“阅读-写作-变形”分层，语法模块含“速记口诀”和即时训练，写作清单提供框架及范文，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特色设计“熟词生义辨析”“易错点对比表”等，如“position一词多义”标注不同语境用法，帮助学生精准掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 Life Choices 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.previous adj. 以前的，先前的 2.secondary adj. 中等教育；中级的；次要的 3.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的 4.campus n. 校园 5.competence n. 能力，胜任 6.chapter n. 一段时期；章节 7.apartment n. 公寓套房 8.leisure n. 空闲，闲暇，业余时间 9.lifestyle n. 生活方式 10.engine n. 引擎 11.teen n. 少年，十几岁的孩子 12.laptop n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 13.digital adj. 数字的，数码的 14.hardware n. (计算机)硬件 15.café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 16.military n. 军队，武装力量 17.certificate n. 合格证书 18.gym n. 体育馆，健身房 19.slide n. 幻灯片 20.digestion n. 消化 21.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣 22.rural adj. 农村的，乡村的，田园的 23.media n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称) 24.editor n. 编辑，主编 25.professional adj. 专业的，职业的 26.unstable adj. 不稳定的 二、写作词汇： 1.senior adj. 较高的，高级的 2.schedule n. 日程表，计划表 3.shift n. (工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间 4.plus adj. 有利的，好的 prep. 加 5.arise vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生 6.chat vi. & n. 闲谈，聊天 7.definitely adv. 确切地，肯定地 8.native n. 本地人 9.range n. 一系列；范围 10.quality n. 质量，品质 11.actually adv. 实际上，事实上 12.drag vt. 拖，拉 13.goal n. 目标，目的 14.aim n. 目的，意图 vi. 力求达到 15.target n. 目标 16.update vt. 更新 17.meanwhile adv. 与此同时 18.saying n. 格言，谚语 19.downtown adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区 20.expert n. 专家，行家 21.remove vt. 移走；去掉 22.entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地 23.position n. 职位；位置 24.absolutely adv. 正是，当然 25.extent n. 程度 26.thus adv. 因此，因而，从而 27.tension n. 紧张；焦虑 28.function n. 功能 vi. 运转，工作 29.seek vt. 寻求；请求 30.feature vt. 以……为特色，是……的特征 31.typical adj. 平常的，一贯的；典型的 32.province n. 省 33.supply n. 供应，供给 34.tough adj. 困难的，难办的 35.flash vi. & vt. 闪现，闪过 n. 照相机闪光灯 36.besides prep. 除……之外 37.contact n. 联系，联络 vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人) 38.charity n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 三、词汇变形： 1.stressful adj. 充满压力的，紧张的→stress n. 紧张；压力；忧虑 vt. 强调→stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的；重读的 2.challenging adj. 富有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt. 向……挑战→challenged adj. 有残疾的；受到挑战的 3.differ vi. 不同，不一样，有区别→different adj. 不同的→differently adv. 不同地→difference n．差异；不同 4.expectation n. 期待；预料，预期→expect v. 期待，预期→expected adj. 预料的，预期的→expectedly adv. 意料之中地→unexpectedly adv. 意料之外地 5.confidence n．自信，信心；信赖→confident adj. 自信的→confidently adv.自信地 6.pressure n. 压力→press vt. 压，按；挤 7.recover vi. 恢复健康，康复→recovery n．康复 8.injury n. 伤，损害→injure vt. 损害；伤害；使受伤→injured adj. 受伤的 9.unfortunately adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地→fortunately adv. 幸运地→fortunate adj. 幸运的 10.voluntary adj. 志愿的；服务的；自愿的→volunteer n. 志愿者 vi. & vt. 自愿；志愿 11.various adj. 各种各样的；多种 (类型)的→vary v. 变化，改变→variety n. 不同种类；多样性；变化 12.convenient adj. 方便的，便利的→convenience n. 方便，便利→inconvenience n. 不便 13.distance n. 距离，间距→distant adj. 遥远的 14.necessity n．必需品→necessary adj. 必需的→necessarily adv. 必然地，必须地→unnecessary adj. 不必要的 15.addict n. 对……着迷的人→addicted adj. 对……着迷的；上瘾的→addictive adj. 使人上瘾的→addiction n. 嗜好 16.revise vi. & vt. 复习→revision n. 复习， 修订 17.organise vt. 组织，筹划→organised adj. 有组织的， 有条理的→organisation n. 组织，机构，团体→organiser n. 组织者 18.suffer vi. & vt. 遭受(痛苦)→sufferer n. 患者→suffering n. 痛苦，苦难；折磨 19.reduce vt. 减少；降低；缩小→reduction n. 减少；缩小；降低 20.power n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的 21.dusty adj. 布满灰尘的→dust n. 灰尘 22.muddy adj. 泥泞的，多泥的→mud n. 泥，泥浆 23.graduate vi. 毕业 n. 毕业生→graduation n. 毕业 24.apply vi. 申请；请求 vt. 应用；涂；敷→application n. 申请； 应用→applicant n. 申请人 25.eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 渴望地→eagerness n. 渴望，热切 26.contribution n. 贡献→contribute v. 贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n. 捐助人；投稿人 27.inspire vt. 鼓励，激励→inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；得到灵感的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspiration n. 灵感 28.independently adv. 独立地，自立地→independent adj. 独立的→independence n. 独立→dependence n. 依靠→dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的→dependently adv. 依靠地，依赖地 29.responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的→responsibility n. 责任→responsibly adv. 认真负责地；可信赖地 30.attractive adj. 有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attraction n. 吸引力；有吸引力的事→attract vt. 吸引 31.laughter n. 笑；笑声→laugh v. 笑；发笑 32.intend vt. 计划，打算，想要→intention n. 目的，意图；打算 33.adapt v. (使)适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的→adaptation n. 适应；改编本 34.entertainment n. 娱乐，娱乐活动→entertain v. (使)感到快乐；招待→entertained adj. 愉快的→entertaining adj. 使人愉快的 四、拓展词汇 1. 后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①expectation 期待；预料 ②consideration 考虑；深思 ③celebration 庆祝；庆典 ④appreciation 欣赏；感激 ⑤inspiration 鼓舞；灵感 2. ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ①arise→arose→arisen②drive→drove→driven ③ride→rode→ridden ④rise→rose→risen ⑤write→wrote→written 3. all相关短语大全 ①all in all 总的说来 ②above all 首先；最重要的是 ③in all 总共；合计 ④at all 一点也不；到底；究竟 ⑤first of all 首先；第一 ⑥after all 毕竟；究竟 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．position A.n.位置，地点　B．n.处境，状况　C．n.职务，职位 D．n.观点，立场　E．vt.安置，使处于 (1)Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium.E (2)(2023·全国乙卷)The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.A (3)This put him and his colleagues in a difficult position．B (4)(2023·全国甲卷)I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here.C (5)(2024·北京卷)They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position．D 2．native A.adj.出生地的　B．adj.天生的　C．adj.土著的 D．n.本地人 (1)(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.C (2)It is a long time since he has visited his native country.A (3)As we all know, Barbara is a native of New York.D (4)It seems that his brother is a native cheater.B 3．apply A.vi.申请　B．vt.涂抹　C．vt.应用　D．v.有关；涉及 (1)Special conditions apply if you are under 18.D (2)(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.A (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.C (4)Apply the cream to your face and neck before going out so as to protect your skin.B 4．flash A.v.闪光　B．vt.用光发出信号　C．vi.突然显露(强烈情感)　D．n.闪光 (1)Her eyes flashed with anger.C (2)(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.D (3)A neon sign flashed on and off above the door.A (4)Red lights flashed a warning at them.B Ⅱ.语境猜词 1．They scored five goals in the first half of the match.n.进球得分 [点拨]goal(熟义) n．目标； 在本句中意为“进球得分”。 2．He is a graduate of Beijing University.n.毕业生 [点拨]graduate(熟义) vi.毕业；在本句中用作名词，意为“毕业生”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　 1.all in all 总而言之，总的来说 2.surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网 3.search engine 搜索引擎 4.from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或 5.living room 起居室 6.according to 按……所说，根据 7.in person 亲自 8.get ahead 获得成功，取得进步 9.suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) 10.in other words 换句话说 11.to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说 12.all sorts of 各种各样的 13.give up 放弃 14.deal with 对付，处理，应付 15.be responsible for 对……负责 16.at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下 17.look forward to (doing) sth. 期待，盼望 18.graduate from 从……毕业 19.as well as ……以及…… 20.adapt to sth. 适应某事 21.tend to do sth. 易于做某事 第二组　 1.a big part of my life 我生活中的重要组成部分 2.chat too much with online friends 总是和网友聊天 3.meet friends in person 亲自与朋友见面 4.set goals for myself 为自己设定目标 5.quite an experience 一次不寻常的体验 6.a “go­getter” 一个积极进取的人 7.think actively 积极思考 8.a top 10 reading list 十大阅读清单 9.start a new lifestyle 开始一种新的生活方式 10.all sorts of exciting things 各种各样令人兴奋的事情 写作 句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) As the popular saying goes, “Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) It is not surprising that PE is the kids' favourite subject! 语法 动词不定式的用法、V-ing 和V-ed形式的形容词、句子结构 写作 写一封关于描述高中生活的非正式邮件 一、知识点精讲 differ vi.(differed, differed, differing)不同；不一样；有区别 【词汇拓展】 (1)differ from... 与……不同 differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with sb about/on sth 与某人在某事上有异议 agree to differ 同意各自保留不同意见 sb beg to differ 很抱歉，某人不敢苟同 (2)be different from... 与……不同 (3)make a/no difference(to...) (对……)有/无影响 schedule n. 日程表；计划表 【词汇拓展】 (1)ahead of/behind schedule提前/逾期 on schedule按时；准时 (2)be scheduled for...预定在……时间 be scheduled to do sth 预定/安排做某事 as scheduled如期；按照预定时间 expectation n. 预料；期待；预期 【词汇拓展】 (1)beyond one's expectations出乎某人的意料 in (the) expectation of 预料；期望；指望 in the expectation that... 预计/期望…… live/come up to one's expectations 不负某人所望；达到某人的期望 (2)expect (sb) to do sth 期待(某人)做某事 be expected to do sth 预计做某事；被期待做某事 confident adj. 有信心的；自信的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be confident of (doing) sth　对(做)某事有把握 be confident that 从句　相信…… (2)have/lose confidence in 　对……有/失去信心 (a)lack of/lack confidence in　对……缺乏信心 gain/win/earn one's confidence　赢得某人的信任 put confidence in sb 信任某人 pressure n．压力 【词汇拓展】 (1)the pressure of work 工作压力 under pressure在压力下；承受压力 reduce pressure减轻压力 lighten the pressure减轻压力 put sb under pressure置某人于压力之下 put pressure on sb给某人施加压力 air/water/blood pressure气压/水压/血压 (2)be pressed for time时间紧迫；时间不够 recover (recovered, recovered, recovering) vi. 恢复健康；康复 vt.重新获得，寻回；恢复(能力、知觉、情绪等) 【词汇拓展】 (1)recover from...从……中康复/恢复 recover oneself 镇定下来 recover sth 重新获得/找回某物 recover one's strength/confidence/balance恢复体力/自信/平衡 (2)make a full/good recovery from... 从……中完全恢复/康复得很好 【语义助记】 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地 【词汇拓展】 (1)try one's fortune碰运气 make a fortune发财，赚大钱 (2)be fortunate in (doing) sth (做)某事很幸运 be fortunate to do sth幸运地做某事 It is fortunate (for sb) that...(对某人来说)……是幸运的 challenging adj. 富有挑战性的 【词汇拓展】 (1)a challenging task一个具有挑战性的任务 (2)face the challenge面对挑战 accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事 arise vi. (arose, arisen, arising)出现；发生；起身；起床 【词汇拓展】 (1)arise作“出现;发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如problem, question, quarrel, argument等，无被动语态。 (2)arise from/out of...由……产生/引起；从……中产生 【易混辨析】 单词 词性及含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise (vi.)出现；发生 arose arisen arising rise (vi.)升起，上升 rose risen rising raise (vt.)举起；饲养；提出；筹集 raised raised raising 【语境串记】用arise/rise/arouse/raise的适当形式完成语段 Raised in a poor family, he found everything in the outside world aroused his curiosity. However, as time went by, many problems arose. When the sun rose in the east, he arose/rose from his bed and began to deal with them. various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的 【词汇拓展】 (1)for various reasons 由于种种原因 (2)a (wide) variety of＝ (wide) varieties of种类繁多的 (3)vary from... to...从……到……不等 vary between... and... 在……到……之间变动 vary with... 随着……变化 [点津]　a variety of意为“多种多样的……”，“a variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； the variety of意为“……的品种，种类”，“the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 【词汇拓展】 (1)It is convenient (for sb) to do sth (某人)方便做某事 A be convenient for B A离B很近 when it be convenient for/to sb 某人方便的时候 (2)for convenience 为了方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便时 at one's earliest convenience 尽早 addict n. 对……着迷的人 addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的 【词汇拓展】 (1)a work/TV/sports addict 工作狂/电视迷/热爱运动的人 (2)be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth 沉溺于(做)某事 (3)addiction to (doing) sth (做)某事的瘾/恶习 aim n. 目的；意图 v．(aimed, aimed, aiming) 瞄准；旨在 【词汇拓展】 (1)with the aim of...目的是，怀着……的目的 without aim漫无目的地 (2)aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.力求达到；力争做到(主语往往是某人) be aimed at目的是，旨在(主语往往是某件事) (3)aimless adj.没有方向的，无目的的 (4)aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 distance v. (distanced, distanced, distancing) 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n.[C] & [U]距离；远处；冷淡 【词汇拓展】 in the distance　在远处 from a distance 从远处 at a distance (of...) 在……远的地方；距离稍远 within walking/driving distance 步行/开车可及 keep sb at a distance 与某人疏远；与某人保持距离 stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张 v．(stressed, stressed, stressing) 强调；重读；(使)焦虑不安 【词汇拓展】 (1)under stress 在压力之下 lay/place/put great stress on 强调…… cause stress 引起压力 reduce stress减轻压力 suffer from stress承受压力 deal with stress应付压力 (2)stress sth/that... 强调…… It is stressed that... 必须着重指出 suffer vt.&vi. (suffered, suffered, suffering)遭受；忍受；经历 【词汇拓展】 suffer pain/injury/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/受伤/苦难/破坏 suffer defeat/loss/poverty/punishment 遭受失败/损失/贫困/惩罚 suffer from the fire/war/flood/a headache/a heart attack 遭受火灾/战争/洪水之苦/患头疼/心脏病 reduce v．(reduced, reduced, reducing)减少；降低；缩小 【词汇拓展】 (1)reduce by... 减少了……(by表示幅度) reduce to... 减少到……(to表示结果) reduce sb/sth to使陷入(更坏的)境地；使沦落到……地步 reduce sb to doing sth使某人落魄到做某事 be reduced to (doing) sth沦落到(做)某事的地步 (2)increase to增长到 increase by增加了 seek vt.&vi.(sought, sought, seeking)寻求，寻找；追求；探求，探索；试图 【词汇拓展】 seek sth from sb 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek to do sth (正式)试图做某事 seek out 找到；找出 seek one's fortune 寻找发财的机会 seek advice/help 寻求建议/帮助 power n. 电；电力；电量 【词汇拓展】 (1)in power 当权 come to/into power掌权；上台 do all/everything in one's power to do sth某人竭尽全力做某事 beyond one's power超出某人的能力 have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力 be in/within one's power to do sth 某人有权力/有能力做某事 (2)be powered by... 由……提供动力；由……供电 [点津]　高考阅读理解中经常出现由power及其派生词powered构成的合成词和语块，如2020高考试题中出现的： willpower n．意志力； battery­powered adj. 电池供电的； self­powered adj.自供电的； mixed­power adj.混合动力的； power station发电站； power source电源； power plant发电厂； electric power电力。 inspire vt. (inspired, inspired, inspiring)鼓舞，鼓励，激励，激发 【词汇拓展】 (1)inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 inspire... in sb 激发/激励某人的…… inspire confidence/hope in sb 激起某人的信心/燃起某人的希望 (2)draw inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 apply (applied, applied, applying) vi. 申请；适用；应用 vt. 使专心致志 【词汇拓展】 (1)apply... to... 把……应用于……；涂/敷/擦……到……上(to为介词) apply to (介词)... 适用于…… apply (to...) for...(向……)申请…… apply oneself to (doing) sth 专心(做)某事 (2)application n. 应用；适用性，实用性；申请；用法；用途 eager adj. 热切的；渴望的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be eager for sth 渴望某物 be eager to do sth渴望做某事 be eager that...(should) do sth渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气) (2)be anxious for sth渴望得到某物 be anxious about sth/for sb为……担心 be anxious to do sth急切地做某事 sort n. 种；种类；类型 vt.(sorted, sorted, sorting) 整理；把……分类 【词汇拓展】 (1)all sorts of(＝all kinds of) 各种各样的…… sort of(＝kind of)稍微；有点儿(常位于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度) a certain sort of 某种…… various sorts of 各种各样的…… (2)sort by 排序方式 sort... into... 把……分成…… supply n. 供应；供给 v．(supplied, supplied, supplying)供应，供给；补充；满足 【词汇拓展】 (1)a large supply of... 大量供应…… be in short supply 供应短缺 (2)supply sth to sb/sth ＝supply sb/sth with sth 向某人/某物提供某物 (3)provide sb with sth ＝provide sth for sb为某人提供某物 supply and demand 供求关系 attract vt. (attracted, attracted, attracting) 吸引；引起注意 【词汇拓展】 (1)attract one's attention/interest吸引某人的注意力/兴趣 attract sb to sth 吸引某人关注某事 attract sb to sp 吸引某人到某地 be attracted by 被……迷住；被……吸引 (2)a tourist attraction 旅游景点 (3)be attractive to... 对……有吸引力 contribute vt.&vi. (contributed, contributed, contributing) 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 【词汇拓展】 (1)contribute... to... 捐助……给……；向……投稿 contribute to 有助于；导致；促成；向……捐款/投稿 (2)make a contribution/contributions to... 为……做贡献 intend vt.(intended, intended, intending) 计划；打算 【词汇拓展】 (1)intend doing/to do sth打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth 本打算做某事 (2)be intended for... 专为……而设计；专供……使用的 be intended to be/do... 为……打算(或设计)的 (3)with an/the intention of...打算…… adapt v．(adapted, adapted, adapting) (使)适应；(使)适合；改装；改编；改写 【词汇拓展】 (1)adapt (oneself) to...适应…… (2)adapt... from... 根据……改编…… adapt... for...把……改写/改编成…… entertainment n. 娱乐 【词汇拓展】 (1)to one's entertainment/to the entertainment of sb 使某人高兴的是 a form of entertainment 一种娱乐形式 (2)entertain sb to sth 用某物招待某人 entertain sb with sth 用某物使某人快乐 entertain oneself 自娱自乐 二、核心语法精讲 动词不定式的用法 高考四大核心考查点 1. 不定式五大时态语态辨析 2. 不定式六大句法功能 3. to do / doing 高频易混辨析 4. 特殊结构：省略to、疑问词+to do、主动表被动 模块一 不定式完整时态语态（高三重难点） 1. 一般式：to do 动作发生在谓语之后/同时，表将来、目的、常态 例：He decides to study abroad. 2. 进行式：to be doing 谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行 例：He seems to be waiting for someone. 3. 完成式：to have done（高考最高频） 不定式动作先于谓语动作发生 例：He is said to have finished the task. 4. 被动式：to be done 表将要被、需要被 例：The bridge is to be repaired soon. 5. 完成被动式：to have been done 表已经被完成 例：The work seems to have been completed. 【高三速记口诀】 将来一般to do，正在进行to be doing； 先做完成have done，被动句式加be搞定。 模块二 不定式六大句法功能（解题核心依据） 1. 作主语（高考必考形式主语） 固定句型：It + adj./n. + to do sth. 例：It is necessary to master grammar. 2. 作宾语 高考只接to do的动词（必背） decide、plan、attempt、afford、promise、refuse、pretend、fail、agree 高考只接doing的动词（必背） avoid、miss、finish、mind、suggest、practise、imagine、enjoy 3. 作表语 放在be动词后，解释主语具体内容 例：My dream is to become a translator. 4. 作后置定语（语法填空高频） 修饰抽象名词：time、chance、ability、way、opportunity 例：a good way to improve English 5. 作状语（两大考点） ① 目的状语（写作万能） To achieve my goal, I keep working hard. ② 结果状语（难点） only to do 表示出乎意料的坏结果 例：He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left. 6. 作宾补 高频搭配：allow/permit/encourage/advise/require sb. to do 模块三 省略to的不定式（短文改错重灾区） 1. 主动语态省略to “五看三使两听一感”： see/watch/notice/observe/look at make/let/have hear/listen to feel 结构：sb. do sth. 2. 被动语态必须还原to（高考必考改错点） 主动：The boss made him work late. 被动：He was made to work late. 3. 特殊固定结构省to cannot help but do 不得不做 have nothing to do but do 除……之外别无选择 模块四 高考顶级易混：to do / doing 辨析 1. remember to do 记得要做（未做） remember doing 记得做过（已做） 2. forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过 3. stop to do 停下手头事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 4. mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 5. try to do 努力尽力做 try doing 尝试试着做 模块五 疑问词+to do（写作高级简洁句型） 结构：疑问词(what/how/when/where/which) + to do 功能：替换宾语从句，零语法错误、句式高级 例：I don’t know what I should do. = I don’t know what to do. 模块六 高考满分万能不定式句型（写作必背） 1. It takes time to do sth. 做某事需要时间 2. It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事 3. There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事 4. have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事 5. be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 模块七 考场终极秒杀口诀 定状补宾用不定式，将来目的未发生； 主动省to被动补，完成式表先发生； only to do 出意外，to be done 表将被； to do未做doing已做，高考做题零失误。 【即时训练】 一、语法填空 1. It is necessary for us ______ (form) good learning habits. 2. He pretended ______ (finish) his homework already. 3. The meeting ______ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 4. He hurried to school only ______ (tell) that it was holiday. 5. The teacher had us ______ (clean) the classroom. 二、句式翻译（读后续写专用） 1. 为了改变现状，我决定更加努力。 ___________________________________________________________________. 2. 他似乎已经得知了这个好消息。 ___________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 一、语法填空 1. to form（形式主语固定句型） 2. to have finished（动作先于谓语，完成式） 3. to be held（将来被动，不定式作定语） 4. to be told（only to do 出乎意料结果+被动） 5. clean（使役动词have后省to） 二、翻译答案 1. To change the present situation, I decided to work harder. 2. He seems to have known the good news. V-ing 和V-ed形式的形容词 高考核心考点： 情感类分词形容词的主被动、主动修饰、修饰对象区别 一、终极秒杀口诀 V- ing修饰事物、令人……（主动） V- ed修饰人、感到……（被动、感受） 一句话真理： ing = 让人产生某种情绪 ed = 自己内心已经产生情绪 二、核心本质 1. V-ing 形容词：主动、进行、令人…… 逻辑：主语/被修饰词 发出情绪、让人怎么样 特点：修饰 事物、场景、声音、结果、状态 例： surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 tiring work 令人疲惫的工作 amazing result 令人惊喜的结果 2. V-ed 形容词：被动、完成、感到…… 逻辑：主语/被修饰词 被动承受情绪、自己感到…… 特点：修饰 人、表情、眼神、心理状态 例： surprised look 惊讶的神情 tired students 疲惫的学生 amazed audience 感到惊喜的观众 三、高考最容易丢分的4大陷阱（高三重点） 陷阱1：修饰“人的表情、眼神、声音” 必须用ed 哪怕是人发出的，心理流露全部用ed（高考超级高频） - a surprised smile（√）惊讶的微笑 - a worried look（√）担忧的神色 - an excited voice（√）激动的声音 ❌ 绝对不用 ing！ 陷阱2：修饰事物但表示“人的感受” → 依然用ed an interested look 感兴趣的神情（不是“令人感兴趣的表情”，是人自己感受） 陷阱3：ing可修饰人，但表“让人怎么样” He is boring. 他这个人很无聊（让人无聊） He is bored. 他自己感到无聊 陷阱4：固定高级搭配（写作拉分） V-ing： challenging task 有挑战性的任务 inspiring story 鼓舞人心的故事 satisfying result 令人满意的结果 V-ed： be devoted to 致力于 be determined to 决心 be faced with 面对 be exhausted 筋疲力尽 四、高考必考情感词对照表（背诵即满分） 1. 惊讶类 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 2. 疲惫类 tiring 令人疲惫的 tired 感到疲惫的 3. 兴奋类 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 4. 困惑类 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 感到困惑的 5. 失望类 disappointing 令人失望的（事） disappointed 感到失望的（人） 6. 感兴趣 interesting 有趣的（事） interested 感兴趣的（人） 7. 烦恼 worrying 令人担忧的 worried 担忧的 五、高三语法填空必考句式结构 结构1：be + ed（表人的状态） I am puzzled at the problem. 结构2：It is + ing（评价事物） It is astonishing that he failed. 结构3：分词前置修饰名词（最高频） a moving movie 感人的电影 a moved girl 被感动的女孩 结构4：独立状态（读后续写万能） Determined to succeed, he worked hard.（决心） Faced with difficulties, we never give up.（面对） 六、高考超级易混对比（考前必看） 1. a frightening look 吓人的表情（让人害怕） a frightened look 惊恐的表情（自己害怕） 2. annoying noise 令人烦躁的噪音 annoyed boy 烦躁的男孩 3. satisfying answer 令人满意的答案 satisfied customer 满意的顾客 七、高三终极总结（考场秒判） 1. 物、事、过程、结果 → ing 令人…… 2. 人、表情、心理、感受 → ed 感到…… 3. 人的神态声音一律ed（高考最大陷阱） 4. ed多表状态、被动、完成 5. ing多表性质、主动、进行 【即时训练】 一、语法填空 1. The news was so ______ (shock) that everyone was ______ (shock). 2. He had a ______ (worry) expression on his face. 3. It is ______ (tire) to study all day long. 4. ______ (exhaust), he fell asleep immediately. 5. The story is very ______ (interest). 二、高级翻译（续写专用） 1. 面对困难，他从不气馁。 ___________________________________________________________________. 2. 这个鼓舞人心的故事让我深受感动。 ___________________________________________________________________. 【答案】 一、语法填空 1. shocking; shocked（事ing，人ed） 2. worried（表情心理ed） 3. tiring（事物令人疲惫ing） 4. Exhausted（人感到疲惫ed） 5. interesting（事物有趣ing） 二、翻译 1. Faced with difficulties, he never loses heart. 2. This inspiring story deeply moves me. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一封私人电子邮件。 英文电子邮件的基本要素是主题、称谓、正文、结尾用语及署名。 (1)电子邮件最重要的部分是主题，主题应当做到言简意赅，并突出邮件的重要性。 (2)私人电子邮件不用那么正式，可以用“Hello/Hi”问候对方。 (3)在书写正文时，把最重要的事情写在正文最前面或者邮件内容较长时写在第一段。邮件段落最好控制在两三段之内。如果一封电子邮件涉及多个信息点，可以采用分条目的方法，如符号、小标题、编号来使得邮件想要表达的内容层次清晰。 (4)结尾语在正文之后添加。注意一般结尾语中只有第一个单词首字母大写而剩余单词都小写，此处与称呼不同。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 假设你是李华，进入高中学习已将近一个月了，最近收到澳大利亚好友Jack的电子邮件，他说他打算在2026年的10月份来你学校作为交换生学习一年。他让你给他回封电子邮件介绍你新学校的基本情况。内容包括： 1．你对学校的总体印象(学校，老师，教学方法……)； 2．你的学习情况(课程比初中更有挑战性，但有信心学好)； 3．生活和课外活动情况(与同学们相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动)。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 4. 范文背诵 参考范文 Dear Jack， I’m writing to tell you something about my new school. I have been learning in my new school for one month.What amazes me greatly are the big campus and the enthusiastic teachers.The teachers here are not only dynamic and intelligent，but also patient with us.Besides，their teaching methods are interesting and quite different from the ones of our previous teachers.Although the subjects we are learning are more challenging，I’m confident that I can learn them well.In addition，I’m getting along very well with my classmates and I take an active part in various after-school activities. I am looking forward to meeting you in my school. Best wishes. Yours truly， Li Hua 易错点01 so that / so...that 【一句话辨异】I previewed the new English texts so carefully before class that I could easily follow the teacher’s explanation throughout the whole lesson so that I could spare more after-school time for my favorite physics interest club. 我课前非常认真地预习了新英语课文，以至于整节课都能轻松跟上老师的讲解，这样我就能腾出更多课后时间参加我最喜欢的物理兴趣社团。 【错因辨析】 1. so that 以便，为了；结果‌。 so和that必须直接连在一起使用，中间不能插入任何形容词、副词或名词。 ①目的状语从句（占考题80%，最高频）：翻译为“以便，为了”，从句中几乎都会出现can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词，表主句动作的目的，可与in order that互换（注意：so that不能放在句首，in order that可以）。 I always mark key points with colored pens in class so that I can review them more efficiently before exams 我上课总用彩笔标记重点，以便考前能更高效地复习。（目的状语，从句有情态动词can） ② 结果状语从句（考频较低）：翻译为“结果，因此”，从句是已经发生的客观事实，通常不带情态动词，前面常用逗号和主句隔开。 I got stuck in a heavy traffic jam on the way to the station, so that I missed the last train back to my hometown. 我去车站的路上遇上严重拥堵，结果错过了返乡的最后一班火车。（结果状语，无情态动词，表已发生的事实）‌‌ 2. so…that… 如此……以至于…… ①基础考法：so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 The math problem was so difficult that nearly half of the class failed to work it out in the quiz. 这道数学题难度太高，测验时班里近一半学生都没能做出来。 ②高频易错考法：so + many/much/few/little（表数量“多/少”）+ 名词 + that 从句（注意：哪怕后面接名词，只要是表数量概念的这四个词，都用so不用such；如果little表“年龄小”而非数量少，才用such，比如such little kids 这么小的孩子） There was so much homework during the National Day holiday that I spent almost three whole days finishing it. 国庆假期的作业量太大，我花了整整三天才全部写完。 ③拓展考法：so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句，可和such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that互换。 It was so inspiring a speech by the senior who got admitted to Peking University that all the students present listened attentively and took notes the whole time. =It was such an inspiring speech by the senior who got admitted to Peking University that all the students present listened attentively and took notes the whole time. 那位考上北京大学的学长做的分享太有感染力了，在场所有学生全程都专注听讲、认真记笔记。 【对点训练】 1. The newly-released sci-fi film was ______ touching ______ many audiences could not help crying at the final scene. A. so; that B. so that; / C. such; that 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查so…that结构。空格后是形容词touching（感人的），符合“so + 形容词 + that从句”的规则，表“电影如此感人，以至于观众落泪”；B选项so that必须直接连用、中间不能加形容词，结构不成立；C选项such修饰名词，不能直接修饰形容词，排除。 易错点02 v-ing形容词 vs. v-ed形容词 【一句话辨异】 The boring lecture made most students feel so bored that they couldn’t wait to leave the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 那场令人无聊的讲座让大部分学生感到极其厌烦，以至于铃声一响他们就迫不及待地离开了教室。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：主动 vs. 被动（“令人……” vs. “感到……”） v-ing 形容词（现在分词）：“令人……的”，表示事物本身具有的主动特性，令人产生某种情绪。主语通常是物或事。 The news was shocking. （这消息令人震惊。）——消息本身具有“震惊”人的特性。 The film is really touching. （这部电影真感人。）——电影本身有“感动”人的力量。 v-ed 形容词（过去分词）：“感到……的”，表示被动的感受，即人受到外界影响后产生的内心状态。主语通常是人或有生命的事物。 I was shocked at the news. （我对这消息感到震惊。）——我是受到消息影响的“接收者”。 The students are deeply moved by the story. （学生们被这个故事深深打动了。） 2. 常考高频成对词（务必成组记忆） v-ing（令人…） v-ed（感到…） interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 感到无聊的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 感到困惑的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到受鼓舞的 3. 本质规律（一针见血） 物（事）用-ing，人用-ed —— 这是最基础的判断标准。 但要注意：如果主语是人的表情、声音、眼神等（如 his excited voice 他兴奋的声音），这些外部表现是由内心感受引发的，仍然用 -ed，因为它反映的是人的情绪状态。 4. 特殊注意：修饰物但表“人感受”的情况 a frightened look 恐惧的眼神（眼神本身不会“害怕”，是这个人内心害怕，故用-ed） a satisfied smile 满意的微笑（微笑本身不会“满意”，是这个人内心满意，故用-ed） 【对点训练】 1. The three-hour-long math exam was so ______ that many students felt completely ______ by the last page. A. tiring; tiring B. tiring; tired C. tired; tired 2. The ______ expression on her face suggested that she was ______ with the result of the experiment. A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed 3. I find it ______ to listen to the same story again and again, and I’m sure the children will get ______ too. A. bored; boring B. boring; bored C. boring; boring 【答案与解析】 1.答案：B 第一空修饰“考试”（物），用 tiring（令人疲倦的）；第二空修饰“学生们”（人），用 tired（感到疲倦的）。 2.答案：C 第一空修饰“表情”（expression），表情本身不会“失望”，是人的内心情绪反映，故用 disappointed（感到失望的）；第二空表示她本人对结果“感到失望”，主语是人，用 disappointed。 3.答案：B 第一空修饰“听故事”这件事（it 指代该事），用 boring（令人无聊的）；第二空说孩子们会“感到无聊”，主语为人，用 bored（感到无聊的）。 易错点03 v-ing 做状语 vs. to-v 做结果状语 【一句话辨异】 The heavy rain lasted for a whole week, causing severe floods in the low-lying areas, only to cause more damage when the dam suddenly broke the next day. 大雨持续了整整一周，造成了低洼地区的严重洪灾，结果第二天大坝突然决口，反而造成了更大的损失。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：自然伴随的结果 vs. 出乎意料的结局 v-ing 做结果状语（现在分词）：表示自然而然、顺理成章的直接结果。主句和分词动作之间存在必然的因果关系，且结果往往在主句动作发生的同时或紧接着发生。 The earthquake struck the city at midnight, killing thousands of people. 地震在午夜袭击了这座城市，导致数千人遇难。（地震必然导致伤亡，是直接的、可预料的结果） His car ran into a tree, seriously damaging the front part. 他的车撞到了树上，严重损坏了车前部。（撞树必然损坏车，结果顺理成章） to-v 做结果状语（不定式）：表示意想不到的、令人失望的或事与愿违的非预期结果。为了突出这种“意外”，常与 only 连用（即 only to do），翻译为“结果却……”、“不料……”。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had already left. 他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。（匆忙赶路本应赶上，却意外没赶上） She stayed up late reviewing the lessons, only to forget everything in the exam the next day. 她熬夜复习功课，结果却在第二天的考试中忘得一干二净。（努力复习却得到相反结果，令人沮丧） 2. 核心区别速查表（一针见血） 对比维度 v-ing 结果状语 to-v 结果状语（only to do） 结果性质 自然、直接、可预见的结果 意外、失望、事与愿违的结果 因果关系 强因果关系，必然推导 弱因果关系，带有转折意味 感情色彩 中性或客观陈述 常带负面、遗憾、惊讶色彩 常用标志词 无特定标志，直接用逗号隔开 常与 only 搭配：only to do 时间先后 结果与主句动作同时或紧接 结果发生在主句动作之后，有先后顺序 3. 典型易混对比（一题秒懂） He worked hard, getting the first prize in the final exam. 他学习很努力，结果在期末考试中获得了第一名。（努力→获得好成绩，是自然可期的结果，用v-ing） He worked hard, only to get a failing grade in the final exam. 他学习很努力，结果期末考试却不及格。（努力→不及格，是意外、反差的结果，用only to do） 4. 补充拓展：to-v 结果状语的其他用法 除了 only to do，还常见 just to do、...enough to...（足够……以至于……）、...too...to...（太……而不能……）等，但只有 only to do 单独做结果状语时带有“意外”含义，其余多为目的或程度状语，注意区分。 【对点训练】 1. The heavy snow blocked the whole highway, _____ a long traffic jam that lasted over 10 hours. A. to cause B. only to cause C. causing 2. The old man walked into the dark cave cautiously, ______ a huge treasure box hidden in the corner. A. only to find B. finding C. found 3. The boy practiced playing the piano for three hours every day, ______ first prize in the national competition. A. only to win B. winning C. to win 【答案与解析】 1.答案：C 大雪堵塞高速路，自然而直接地导致大堵车，结果是可预见的，故用 causing 做自然结果状语。A和B都是不定式结果状语，表意外，不符合语境。 2.答案：A 老人小心走进洞穴，“结果却发现”宝藏箱。发现宝箱是意外的、非预期的结果（走进洞穴本为探索，没想到真发现了），且带有惊讶色彩，用 only to find 最贴切。B选项finding表自然结果，缺少“意外”感，不够准确。 3.答案：B 男孩每天练琴三小时，顺理成章地赢得一等奖。努力练习→获奖是自然的、可预见的积极结果，用 winning 做自然结果状语。A选项only to win带有“意外/反差”的负面色彩，与“努力终有回报”的积极语境矛盾；C选项to win表目的，意为“为了获奖”，不符合句意。 易错点04 v-ing 做状语 vs. v-ed 做状语 【一句话辨异】Facing the fierce competition from other applicants, the young graduate stood calmly before the interviewers, encouraged by his previous internship experience and determined to show his best self. 面对其他应聘者的激烈竞争，这位年轻毕业生在面试官面前镇定地站着，受到先前实习经历的鼓舞，并下定决心要展现出最好的自己。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：主动关系 vs. 被动关系（逻辑主语一致是关键） v-ing 和 v-ed 做状语时，都遵循一个重要原则：状语部分的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。区别在于两者与逻辑主语之间的关系： v-ing 做状语（现在分词）：表示主动关系，即逻辑主语是动作的发出者。 Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（“我”发出“走”的动作） Not knowing what to do, she turned to her teacher for help. 不知道该做什么，她向老师求助。（“她”发出“不知道”的动作） v-ed 做状语（过去分词）：表示被动关系，即逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 Inspired by the teacher's words, he decided to work harder. 受到老师话语的鼓舞，他决定更加努力。（“他”是“被鼓舞”的承受者） Compared with other candidates, she has more practical experience. 与其他候选人相比，她拥有更多的实践经验。（“她”是“被比较”的对象） 2. 核心区别速查表（一针见血） 对比维度 v-ing 做状语 v-ed 做状语 与逻辑主语关系 主动关系（逻辑主语执行该动作） 被动关系（逻辑主语承受该动作） 中文翻译关键词 “……着”、“由于/因为……”、“在……时” “受到……”、“被……”、“鉴于……” 情感色彩 表示主语自身发出的行为或状态 表示主语受到外界影响后的状态 常见形式 Doing / Not doing / Having done Done / Not done / Having been done 3. 高频易混点辨析（v-ing被动式 vs. v-ed） 当需要强调“被……且已完成”时，可用 Having been done，但绝大多数情况下直接使用 v-ed 即可表达被动含义，更为简洁常用。 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（= Told many times, he still made the same mistake.） 已被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样的错误。（两者皆可，v-ed更简洁） 4. 典型易混对比（一题秒懂） Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来。（“她”主动“听到”，用v-ing） Moved by the news, she burst into tears. 被这个消息感动了，她突然哭了起来。（“她”被消息“感动”，用v-ed） 5. 特殊情况：表示“伴随状态”时如何区分 Standing on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city. 站在山顶上，我们可以看到整座城市。（“我们”主动“站”，用v-ing） Seated on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city. 坐在山顶上，我们可以看到整座城市。（“我们”被安置/就座于山顶，强调处于某状态，用v-ed，seated 本身常表“坐着的状态”） 6. 做状语的形容词化分词 某些 v-ed 形式已高度形容词化，如 lost（迷路的）、dressed（穿着）、hidden（躲藏的）、seated（坐着的），它们做状语时强调的是一种状态而非动作本身，但仍遵循被动/状态逻辑。 Lost in thought, he didn't notice the teacher coming in. 陷入沉思中，他没有注意到老师进来了。（“他”是“被陷入”沉思的状态） 【对点训练】 1. ______ in the heavy rain for hours, the homeless dog looked weak and helpless. A. Catching B. Caught C. Having caught 2. ______ from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful at night. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Being seen 3.______ his homework carefully, he handed it in with great confidence. A. Checked B. Having checked C. Being checked 4. ______ in a white uniform, the nurse walked quickly towards the emergency room. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. Having dressed 【答案与解析】 1.答案：B 流浪狗是“被困在”大雨中，与逻辑主语（the homeless dog）构成被动关系，用 Caught（=Having been caught）。A和C都是主动形式，不符合被动逻辑。 2.答案：B 整座城市是“被从塔顶看”，与逻辑主语（the whole city）构成被动关系，用 Seen（=When it is seen）。A为主动，意为“城市主动看”，逻辑错误；C为“正在被看”，强调进行时，不符合静态描述语境。 3.答案：B “他”主动检查了作业，与逻辑主语（he）构成主动关系，且检查发生在交作业之前，强调已完成，用 Having checked（主动完成式）。A为被动“被检查”，逻辑错误；C为“正在被检查”，不符合语境。 4.答案：B 护士“穿着”白色制服，dressed 在此表示一种状态（穿着……的），而非“正在穿”的动作，属于形容词化分词做状语，用 Dressed（=Because she was dressed in...）。A为主动“正在穿衣服”，强调动作，不符合“穿着”的状态含义；C为主动完成“已经穿好”，虽语法可行，但不如 Dressed 表状态常用且自然。 易错点05 what 与 that 引导名词性从句的区别 【一句话辨异】That the young teacher had won the national teaching competition was widely known, but what really surprised everyone was that she had prepared the entire lesson in just one night. 那位年轻老师赢得了全国教学比赛，这件事众所周知，但真正让所有人惊讶的是，她竟然只花了一个晚上就准备好了整堂课。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：是否充当成分 + 是否有含义 对比维度 that 引导名词性从句 what 引导名词性从句 在从句中是否充当成分 不充当任何成分（主、宾、表均不充当） 必须充当成分（主、宾、表语等） 是否有词义 无词义（仅起连接作用，纯语法标记） 有词义（“……的事情”、“……的东西”、“……的人”等） 能否省略 引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不可省略 绝不可省略（因为承担成分） 引导的从句类型 陈述句变来的完整事实 隐含疑问或缺少成分的句子 2. 核心判断方法（两步法） 第一步：看从句是否“缺东西” 如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语（即句子结构不完整），用 what。 如果从句中主谓宾/主系表结构完整，什么都不缺，用 that。 第二步：看引导词是否有含义 what 翻译为“……的（事情/东西/人）”，承担具体含义。 that 不翻译，只起“打包”作用，把整个句子变成一个大名词。 3. 典型示例对比 宾语从句（缺宾语 vs. 不缺宾语） I believe that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。（从句 he is honest 结构完整，什么都不缺，用that） I believe what he said. 我相信他所说的话。（从句 he said 缺宾语，缺少“说的东西”，用what，且what充当said的宾语） 主语从句（缺主语 vs. 不缺主语） That he succeeded made us proud. 他成功了这件事让我们骄傲。（从句 he succeeded 主谓完整，不缺成分，用that） What he achieved made us proud. 他所取得的成就让我们骄傲。（从句 he achieved 缺宾语，缺少“取得的东西”，用what，且what充当achieved的宾语） 表语从句（缺表语 vs. 不缺表语） The truth is that he has never been abroad. 事实是他从未出过国。（从句 he has never been abroad 主谓宾完整，用that） This is what I really need. 这才是我真正需要的。（从句 I really need 缺宾语，缺少“需要的东西”，用what，且what充当need的宾语） 4. 高频易错点：what 相当于“the thing(s) that” 记住一个简便公式：what = the thing(s) that What he said = The thing that he said（他说的话） What I need = The thing that I need（我需要的东西） 代入法：如果你能把空格替换成“the thing(s) that”且句意通顺，那就是 what；否则用 that。 5. 特殊提醒：what 还可表示“……的人”或“……的样子” He is not what he used to be. 他不再是过去的他了。（what = the person that，表“……的人”） This is what it looks like. 这就是它的样子。（what = the appearance that，表“……的样子”） 6. that 引导名词性从句的“三个不可省略”场景 场景 例句 原因 引导主语从句（位于句首） That she refused the offer surprised me. 句首that不能省，否则结构混乱 引导表语从句 My opinion is that we should start at once. 表语从句中的that不可省 引导同位语从句 The news that our team won excited everyone. 同位语从句的that不可省（区别于定语从句） 7. 注意：that 引导宾语从句时，若从句前有并列连词或插入语，也不可省略 He told me that he was busy and that he couldn't come. 他告诉我他很忙，而且他来不了。（第二个that不能省，否则会造成歧义） 【对点训练】 1. ______ we need most now is more time to prepare for the final exam. A. That B. What C. Which 2. The reason for his absence was ______ he had to take care of his sick mother at home. A. that B. what C. because 3. I'm deeply grateful for ______ you have done for me during these difficult days. A.that B. what C. which 4. ______ the ancient building survived the strong earthquake is still a mystery to the experts. A. What B. That C. Whether 5. The teacher asked us to write a report about ______ we had learned from the social practice activity. A. that B. what C. which 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：B 主语从句中，动词 need 缺少宾语（需要“什么”），句子结构不完整，且空格需表达“……的东西”之意，用 what。A项that不充当成分，不能补全宾语空缺；C项which意为“哪一个”，不符合语境。 2. 答案：A 表语从句中，he had to take care of... 主谓宾结构完整，什么都不缺，且空格无实际含义，仅起连接作用，用 that。注意：because 不能引导表语从句（除少数非正式用法外），该题属典型高频错误选项。 3. 答案：B 介词 for 后的宾语从句中，动词 done 缺少宾语（“做的”东西），句子结构不完整，需用 what 充当 done 的宾语并表达“你所做的事情”。A项that不充当成分，无法补全宾语空缺；C项which需有明确选择范围，此处无。 4. 答案：B 主语从句中，the ancient building survived the strong earthquake 主谓宾结构完整（建筑物做主语，survived做谓语，earthquake做宾语），什么都不缺，且空格无含义，仅起连接作用，用 that。A项what必须充当成分，此处无需；C项whether表“是否”，句意不符。 5. 答案：B 介词 about 后的宾语从句中，动词 had learned 缺少宾语（“学到的”东西），句子结构不完整，需用 what 充当 learned 的宾语并表达“我们学到的东西”。A项that不能充当成分；C项which需有选择范围，此处无。 一、单元知识回顾 1．写出与differ/different/difference相关的短语 (1)__________________在……方面不同 __________________与……不同 (2)__________________对……起作用/有影响 (3)__________________在……方面与……不同 2．写出与recover/recovery相关的短语 (1)__________________从……中恢复过来 __________________恢复健康；镇定下来 (2)__________________ 完全恢复/恢复很快/恢复很慢 3．写出与vary/various/variety相关的短语 (1)vary with __________________ (2)__________________各种各样的 4．写出与convenience/convenient相关的短语 (1)__________________对某人来说很方便 (2)__________________在某人方便时 5．写出与apply 相关的短语 (1)__________________适用于(做)某事 (2)__________________(向某人)申请某物 (3)__________________把A应用于B (4)__________________致力于(做)某事 6．写出与intend/intention 相关的短语 (1)intend sb.to do sth.__________________ (2)be intended for__________________ (3)with an/the intention of__________________ 7．写出与adapt相关的短语 (1)adapt oneself to__________________ __________________根据……改编…… 8． 写出与stress相关的短语 (1)under stress__________________ lay/place great stress on__________________ (2)stress the importance of...__________________ 【答案】 1． (1)differ in；differ from (2)make a difference to (3)be different from...in... 2． (1)recover from ；recover oneself (2)make a full/quick/slow recovery 3． (1)随着……变化 (2)a variety of＝varieties of 4． (1)be convenient for sb.(2)at one’s convenience 5． (1)apply to(doing) sth.(2)apply(to sb.) for sth. (3)apply A to B(4)apply oneself to(doing) sth. 6． (1)打算让某人做某事(2)专门为……准备/打算 (3)抱有……的目的；打算 7． (1)使自己适应……；adapt...from... 8. (1)在压力之下，承受压力 ；强调…… (2)强调……的重要性 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．With the doctor's proper treatment, the patient soon recovered (恢复) from his injury. 2．Altogether there are twelve chapters (章节) in this book, most of which tell about Chinese food. 3．More attention should be paid to quality (素质) education of the students in schools of all levels. 4．In recent years, pollution has been reduced (减少) greatly in our city, so the air is much cleaner. 5．At the meeting yesterday afternoon, Lily was greatly inspired (激励) and determined to work hard at her lessons. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．She has never failed in her life before, so she is full of confidence (confident) about herself. 2．As scheduled (schedule), the Campus Art Festival is to last from Monday to Friday next week. 3．I'm sorry, but I can't do anything to offer you a helping hand because it is beyond my range. 4．That boy is too addicted to playing (play) football. 5．The field race, aimed (aim) at promoting the students' general health, is to be held next week. Ⅲ.选词填空 from time to time; all in all; in person; get ahead; deal with 1．Only by working harder at your job can you get ahead and become successful in life. 2．She has been working in this field for over twenty years, so she is quite able to deal with such problems. 3．When these foreigners visited China in person, they couldn't help singing high praise for the great achievements we have made. 4．All in all，I highly recommend this film. 5．My brother would make a phone call from Canada from time to time, chatting with my parents about his life in Canada. 三、重点句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger ______________________________________． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, ______________________________________ ______________________________________． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) ______________________________________, “Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, ______________________________________ lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) ______________________________________ PE is the kids' favourite subject! 【答案】1． that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends． 2．so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school． 3．As the popular saying goes, 4． not everything 5．It is not surprising that 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 It is a typical day for Zhang Tian to work from seven in the morning to eight in the evening,1. (feel) tired.He graduated 2. university and got a teacher’s certificate last year.He had an 3. (inspire) idea of living independently away from home.When he arrived at the school，not everything lived up to his hopes.The school was much 4. (small) than expected.There was a playground 5. got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.It was more challenging 6. (live) in the village. There were only three teachers in the school,7. (include) Zhang Tian who was the only English teacher.He tried to introduce more subjects to the school.8. teaching，he also brought changes to the village.He managed to rebuild the playground with the help of charity 9. (organise)．He was popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.He was ready 10. (stay) for another year. 【答案】 1.feeling 2.from 3.inspiring 4.smaller 5.which/that 6.to live 7.including 8.Besides 9.organisations 10.to stay Lesson 3 It is a typical day for Zhang Tian to work from seven in the morning to eight in the evening,1.______ (feel) tired.He graduated 2.______ university and got a teacher’s certificate last year.He had an 3.______(inspire) idea of living independently away from home.When he arrived at the school，not everything lived up to his hopes.The school was much 4.______r(small) than expected.There was a playground 5.______got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.It was more challenging 6.______(live) in the village. There were only three teachers in the school,7.______(include) Zhang Tian who was the only English teacher.He tried to introduce more subjects to the school.8.______teaching，he also brought changes to the village.He managed to rebuild the playground with the help of charity 9.______(organise)．He was popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.He was ready 10.________(stay) for another year. 【答案】 1.feeling 2.from 3.inspiring 4.smaller 5.which/that 6.to live 7.including 8.Besides 9.organisations 10.to stay 五、阅读理解 A (2025·广东六校高三上第二次联考) Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1，000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and that my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I am more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human being filled with all the drama built into my DNA. Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: “Please No Pets Allowed in Our Restaurant”. But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters roiling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 1. What does the author compare the rocks to? A. People with varied personalities. B. DNA unique to each person. C. Challenges that we come across. D. Our abilities that grow with time. 2. What caused the argument in the restaurant? A. Lack of clarity in the sign. B. The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C. Demanding restaurant requests. D. The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 3. Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A. Respectful.　　　　 B. Aggressive. C. Ambiguous. D. Tolerant. 4. What does the author try to convey through this text? A. We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B. Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C. It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D. Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. 答案与解析 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇散文。作者站在湖岸上，看着脚下的小石头，感悟到自己就像一块石头，曾经布满尖边，而如今，经过生活的磨砺，作者变得更加柔软，也更加善解人意。 1. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened ... around the sun”，和第四段及倒数第二段的内容可知，年轻时作者像一块锋利的石头，经过生活的打磨，作者慢慢变得柔软和善解人意，像一块圆润的石头。由此可知，作者把岩石比作性格各异的人。故选A项。 2. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段的“I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules”可知，小伙子因不按照餐厅规定做事而被餐厅老板要求离开。故选D项。D项中的“failing to obey the rules”与原文的“not falling in line with the rules”是同义转换。A项“指示牌含糊不清”；B项“老板不恰当的态度”；C项“苛刻的餐厅要求”。 3. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第七段的“I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world”可知，作者以前就是小伙子这样的人，用自己年轻的棱角来对抗这个世界。再结合第六段描述的小伙子不遵守餐厅规定可推知，年轻时，作者富于攻击性。故选B项。ambiguous“模棱两可的，不明确的”；tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”。 4. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，圆的石头比锋利的石头更适合装进罐子里，前者想办法调整自己，为他人腾出空间，后者从不让步去迁就别人，但时间就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走我们的抗拒，从而改变我们。由此可推知，作者建议要像圆的石头一样，学会包容和理解他人，从而收获满足和成功，故选D项。A项“我们应该使自己适应新的情况”；B项“生活中面临困难时要勇敢”；C项“在公共场所遵守规则是必要的”。 B (2025·八省联考) Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so－called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed－use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high－density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”： shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 5. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 6. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 7. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 8. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of ________． A. pride　　　　　　　　 B. comfort C. security D. urgency 答案与解析 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。 5. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense and exciting urban environments.(她构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流)”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。 6. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs(对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves.(一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。 7. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.(人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区)”可知，Jacobs建议修建连接紧密的人行道。 8. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more ‘eyes on the street’： shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.(它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多‘街头的眼睛’：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况)”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来一种安全的感觉。 六、七选五 (2025·陕西省高三上第一次适应性检测) Find your passion Is there something you love doing more than anything else? Discovering you have a passion for a sport or hobby not only brings you joy—__1__． What is passion? Passion describes the strong feeling you have when doing something you love. This could be anything from listening to music, playing sports, drawing, doing puzzles or getting lost in a book. Following your passion doesn’t mean trying to be the best at something or doing it because other people want you to. __2__. It can be something that touches your heart and mind. Find your flow. When you’re doing something you’re passionate about, you feel less stressed because you can forget your worries. You can go into a “flow state”， when your mind and body are completely absorbed by what you’re doing. When this happens, difficult thoughts and feelings melt away and all that matters is what’s in front of you. If your passion involves learning a new skill or sport, __3__. This can build your challenges while doing something you love. Discover your passion. __4__. However, passion often begins with a spark of curiosity and grows from there. This spark could be lit by anything, like an inspiring lesson or an exciting goal in a football match. Following this spark can turn it into something meaningful that lifts your heart. __5__． You can discover passion by trying new activities. Then make time for it. Passion can also be catching. So share interests with your friends and help them find their passion too. A. Pick your passion B. Explore different things C. it can help you to discover your strengths D. Passion is not always waiting to be discovered E. It’s vital that you can get some lessons by doing so F. it can also boost your self－cognition and self－confidence G. What matters is that you’re drawn to an activity because of your feelings 答案与解析 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何发现个人的热情所在，强调了热情对个人成长和幸福感的重要性，并提出了发现热情的方法。 1. 答案　F 解析　空处位于破折号后，故应从C和F项中选择。空前讲发现你对一项运动或爱好充满热爱不仅会给你带来快乐，故空处应继续描述发现你对一项运动或爱好充满热爱的好处，F项“它还能增强你的自我认知和自信”与空前构成递进关系，且意思上与前文衔接紧密。F项中的it指代前文的“Discovering you have a passion for a sport or hobby”，且选项中的also与前文的“not only”构成“not only ... (but) also”结构。 2. 答案　G 解析　空前一句讲追随你的热情并不意味着要在某件事上做到最好，或者因为别人希望你这样做而去做，空后一句讲它可以是触动你的心灵和思想的事情，空处应涉及如何正确追随你的热情，G项“重要的是，你是因为你的感觉而被一项活动吸引”与空前一句是补充和深化的关系，与空后一句是同义解释的关系。 3. 答案　C 解析　此处是半句设空，空处位于从句后，故应从C和F项中选择。空前讲如果你的热情涉及学习一项新技能或运动，空后一句讲这可以在你做喜欢的事情的同时给你带来挑战。C项“它可以帮助你发现自己的优势”承接上文，并与空后衔接紧密。C项中的it指代空前的“your passion involves learning a new skill or sport”。 4. 答案　D 解析　本段小标题是发现你的热情，D项“热情并不总是等着被发现”，紧扣本段主旨。空后的“然而，热情往往始于一丝好奇心，并从那里增长”与D项构成转折关系。 5. 答案　B 解析　空处为段落主旨句。本段首句讲你可以通过尝试新的活动来发现你的热情，“trying new activities”与B项“Explore different things”是同义转换，故B项最适合作本段小标题。 七、完形填空 (2025·淮南实验中学高三上期末) Ezra Frech has earned a name for himself by achieving the world record for the T63 high jump. He’s become so __1__ that he’s broken his own set records twice in July 2023. The athlete continues to __2__ his family’s support as one of the biggest reasons behind his __3__． Ezra was born with limb(肢) differences. Despite facing physical __4__， his love for sports kept him going. He was given a prosthetic leg(假腿) at 11 months of age, which __5__ him with participation in track and field events. In 2024, he is set to __6__ in the Paralympic Games in Paris as part of Team USA. Clayton, Ezra’s father, has been a(n) __7__ presence in the entire journey. Ezra __8__ wanted to go to the NBA and Clayton fully supported his __9__. They didn’t know his participation was not __10__ and they went through the journey of exploring the league together. After the heartbreaking disappointment in the NBA, he __11__ to the long jump, high jump and sprint(短跑) events. At his first competition, the athlete placed fifth. Clayton was there to __12__ the heartbreak. He __13__ Ezra by reminding him of the impact he was making on his community. Clayton has always remained __14__ in his three children’s dreams. Even when his kids changed their dreams millions of times, he remained patient and __15__． 1. A. friendly　　　　　　 B. skillful C. patient D. curious 2. A. cite B. post C. offer D. require 3. A. success B. arrival C. independence D. graduation 4. A. activities B. examinations C. injuries D. challenges 5. A. replaced B. covered C. aided D. compared 6. A. cheer B. compete C. behave D. stay 7. A. similar B. constant C. instant D. equal 8. A. once B. only C. never D. already 9. A. belief B. habit C. position D. decision 10. A. understood B. noticed C. allowed D. reported 11. A. objected B. responded C. switched D. contributed 12. A. avoid B. remember C. describe D. share 13. A. criticized B. guaranteed C. introduced D. motivated 14. A. filled B. settled C. invested D. cut 15. A. on board B. on time C. in demand D. in search 答案与解析 【答案】1-5. BAADC 6-10.　BBADC 11-15. CDDCA 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。爸爸全力支持残疾的孩子实现运动梦。 1. 答案　B 解析　根据“he’s broken his own set records twice”可知，Ezra的技术非常好，两次打破自己创造的纪录。 2. 答案　A 解析　见下题解析。 3. 答案　A 解析　根据“earned a name”“achieving the world record”和“his family’s support as one of the biggest reasons”可推知，Ezra不断提及家人的支持是他成功的一个重要原因。 4. 答案　D 解析　根据“born with limb differences”可知，天生肢体残疾的Ezra要面对身体方面的挑战。 5. 答案　C 解析　根据“a prosthetic leg”“participation in track and field events”和Ezra取得的成就可知，假腿辅助他参加田径比赛。 6. 答案　B 解析　根据“the Paralympic Games in Paris as part of Team USA”可知，Ezra将作为美国队的一员去巴黎残奥会参加比赛。 7. 答案　B 解析　根据首段中的“his family’s support”和本句中的“in the entire journey”可知，在Ezra的整个体育生涯中，他的父亲一直在场(即一直是他的坚定支持者)。 8. 答案　A 解析　见下题解析。 9. 答案　D 解析　根据“wanted to go to the NBA and Clayton fully supported”和“they went through the journey of exploring the league together”可知，Ezra曾想去美国篮球协会打篮球，他的父亲完全支持他的决定。 10. 答案　C 解析　根据“heartbreaking disappointment in the NBA”可知，他们不知道美国篮球协会不允许残疾人加入。 11. 答案　C 解析　打篮球不被接受后，Ezra转向了跳远、跳高和短跑比赛。 12. 答案　D 解析　根据“placed fifth”和“Clayton was there to ... the heartbreak”可知，Ezra只得了第五名，父亲在场和他分担悲伤。 13. 答案　D 解析　根据“by reminding him of the impact he was making on his community”可知，父亲鼓励Ezra。 14. 答案　C 解析　根据“Clayton has always remained ... his three children’s dreams”和上文提到的Clayton对Ezra的全力支持可知，Clayton一直全身心地支持三个孩子的梦想，投入了大量时间和精力。 15. 答案　A 解析　根据“Even when his kids changed their dreams millions of times, he remained patient”可知，即使他的孩子们无数次改变梦想，他仍然保持耐心并全力支持。on board意为“支持的”，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Life Choices 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.previous adj. _____________ 2.secondary adj. _____________ 3.dynamic adj. _____________ 4.campus n. _____________ 5.competence n. _____________ 6.chapter n. _____________ 7.apartment n. _____________ 8.leisure n. _____________ 9.lifestyle n. _____________ 10.engine n. _____________ 11.teen n. _____________ 12.laptop n. _____________ 13.digital adj. _____________ 14.hardware n. _____________ 15.café n. _____________ 16.military n. _____________ 17.certificate n. _____________ 18.gym n. _____________ 19.slide n. _____________ 20.digestion n. _____________ 21.recreation n. _____________ 22.rural adj. _____________ 23.media n. _____________ 24.editor n. _____________ 25.professional adj. _____________ 二、写作词汇： 1._____________ adj. 较高的，高级的 2._____________ n. 日程表，计划表 3._____________ n. (工厂、医院等轮班制的)当班时间 4._____________adj. 有利的，好的 prep. 加 5._____________ vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生 6._____________ vi. & n. 闲谈，聊天 7._____________ adv. 确切地，肯定地 8._____________ n. 本地人 9._____________n. 一系列；范围 10._____________n. 质量，品质 11._____________ adv. 实际上，事实上 12._____________ vt. 拖，拉 13._____________ n. 目标，目的 14._____________ n. 目的，意图 vi. 力求达到 15._____________ n. 目标 16._____________ vt. 更新 17._____________ adv. 与此同时 18._____________ n. 格言，谚语 19._____________ adv. 向/在城镇商业中心区 20._____________ n. 专家，行家 21._____________ vt. 移走；去掉 22._____________ adv. 完全地，彻底地 23._____________ n. 职位；位置 24._____________ adv. 正是，当然 25._____________ n. 程度 26._____________ adv. 因此，因而，从而 27._____________ n. 紧张；焦虑 28._____________ n. 功能 vi. 运转，工作 29._____________ vt. 寻求；请求 30._____________ vt. 以…为特色，是…的特征 31._____________adj. 平常的,一贯的；典型的 32._____________ n. 省 33._____________ n. 供应，供给 34._____________ adj. 困难的，难办的 35._____________ vi. & vt. 闪现，闪过 n. 照相机闪光灯 36._____________ prep. 除……之外 37._____________ n. 联系，联络 vt. (写信，打电话)联系(某人) 38._____________n. 慈善机构，慈善团体 三、词汇变形： 1._____________ adj. 充满压力的，紧张的→_____________ n. 紧张；压力；忧虑 vt. 强调→_____________adj. 焦虑的，紧张的；重读的 2._____________ adj. 富有挑战性的→_____________ n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt. 向……挑战→_____________ adj. 有残疾的；受到挑战的 3._____________ vi. 不同，不一样，有区别→_____________ adj. 不同的→_____________ adv. 不同地→_____________ n．差异；不同 4._____________ n. 期待；预料，预期→_____________ v. 期待，预期→_____________ adj. 预料的，预期的→_____________ adv. 意料之中地→_____________ adv. 意料之外地 5._____________ n．自信，信心；信赖→_____________ adj. 自信的→_____________ adv.自信地 6._____________ n. 压力→_____________ vt. 压，按；挤 7._____________ vi. 恢复健康，康复→_____________ n．康复 8._____________ n. 伤，损害→_____________ vt. 损害；伤害；使受伤→_____________ adj. 受伤的 9._____________ adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地→_____________ adv. 幸运地→_____________ adj. 幸运的 10._____________ adj. 志愿的；服务的；自愿的→_____________ n. 志愿者 vi. & vt. 自愿；志愿 11._____________ adj. 各种各样的；多种 (类型)的→_____________ v. 变化，改变→_____________ n. 不同种类；多样性；变化 12._____________ adj. 方便的，便利的→_____________ n. 方便，便利→_____________ n. 不便 13._____________ n. 距离，间距→_____________ adj. 遥远的 14._____________ n．必需品→_____________ adj. 必需的→_____________ adv. 必然地，必须地→_____________ adj. 不必要的 15._____________ n. 对……着迷的人→_____________ adj. 对……着迷的；上瘾的→_____________ adj. 使人上瘾的→_____________ n. 嗜好 16._____________ vi. & vt. 复习→_____________ n. 复习， 修订 17._____________ vt. 组织，筹划→_____________ adj. 有组织的， 有条理的→_____________ n. 组织，机构，团体→_____________ n. 组织者 18._____________ vi. & vt. 遭受(痛苦)→_____________ n. 患者→_____________ n. 痛苦，苦难；折磨 19._____________ vt. 减少；降低；缩小→_____________ n. 减少；缩小；降低 20._____________ n．电，电力；力量→_____________ adj. 强大的；强有力的 21._____________ adj. 布满灰尘的→_____________ n. 灰尘 22._____________ adj. 泥泞的，多泥的→_____________ n. 泥，泥浆 23._____________ vi. 毕业 n. 毕业生→_____________ n. 毕业 24._____________ vi. 申请；请求 vt. 应用；涂；敷→_____________ n. 申请； 应用→_____________ n. 申请人 25._____________ adj. 热切的；渴望的→_____________ adv. 渴望地→_____________ n. 渴望，热切 26._____________ n. 贡献→_____________ v. 贡献；捐献；投稿→_____________ n. 捐助人；投稿人 27._____________ vt. 鼓励，激励→_____________ adj. 受到鼓舞的；得到灵感的→_____________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→_____________ n. 灵感 28._____________ adv. 独立地，自立地→_____________ adj. 独立的→_____________ n. 独立→_____________ n. 依靠→_____________adj. 依靠的，依赖的→_____________ adv. 依靠地，依赖地 29._____________ adj. 负责的；有责任心的→_____________ n. 责任→_____________ adv. 认真负责地；可信赖地 30._____________ adj. 有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→_____________ n. 吸引力；有吸引力的事→_____________vt. 吸引 31._____________ n. 笑；笑声→_____________ v. 笑；发笑 32._____________ vt. 计划，打算，想要→_____________ n. 目的，意图；打算 33._____________ v. (使)适应→_____________ adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的→_____________ n. 适应；改编本 34._____________ n. 娱乐，娱乐活动→_____________ v. (使)感到快乐；招待→_____________ adj. 愉快的→_____________ adj. 使人愉快的 四、拓展词汇 1. 后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①expectation _____________ ②consideration _____________ ③celebration _____________ ④appreciation _____________ ⑤inspiration _____________ 2. ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ①arise→_________→_________ ②drive→_________→_________ ③ride→_________→_________ ④rise →_________→_________ ⑤write →_________→_________ 3. all相关短语大全 ①all in all _________ ②above all _________ ③in all _________ ④at all _________ ⑤first of all _________ ⑥after all _________ 五、一词多义&熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义 1．position A.n.位置，地点　B．n.处境，状况　C．n.职务，职位 D．n.观点，立场　E．vt.安置，使处于 (1)Large television screens were positioned at either end of the stadium._______ (2)(2023·全国乙卷)The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background._______ (3)This put him and his colleagues in a difficult position．_______ (4)(2023·全国甲卷)I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here._______ (5)(2024·北京卷)They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position．_______ 2．native A.adj.出生地的　B．adj.天生的　C．adj.土著的 D．n.本地人 (1)(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans._______ (2)It is a long time since he has visited his native country._______ (3)As we all know, Barbara is a native of New York._______ (4)It seems that his brother is a native cheater._______ 3．apply A.vi.申请　B．vt.涂抹　C．vt.应用　D．v.有关；涉及 (1)Special conditions apply if you are under 18._______ (2)(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges._______ (3)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful._______ (4)Apply the cream to your face and neck before going out so as to protect your skin._______ 4．flash A.v.闪光　B．vt.用光发出信号　C．vi.突然显露(强烈情感)　D．n.闪光 (1)Her eyes flashed with anger._______ (2)(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear._______ (3)A neon sign flashed on and off above the door._______ (4)Red lights flashed a warning at them._______ Ⅱ.语境猜词 1． They scored five goals in the first half of the match._______ [点拨]goal(熟义) n．目标； 在本句中意为“进球得分”。 2．He is a graduate of Beijing University._______ [点拨]graduate(熟义) vi.毕业；在本句中用作名词，意为“毕业生”。 六、重点短语词块 第一组　 1._____________ 总而言之，总的来说 2._____________ 网上冲浪，浏览因特网 3._____________ 搜索引擎 4._____________ 有时；偶尔；间或 5._____________ 起居室 6._____________ 按……所说，根据 7._____________ 亲自 8._____________ 获得成功，取得进步 9._____________ (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦) 10._____________ 换句话说 11._____________ 坦白说，坦率地说 12._____________ 各种各样的 13._____________ 放弃 14._____________ 对付，处理，应付 15._____________ 对……负责 16._____________ 此刻，目前，眼下 17._____________ 期待，盼望 18._____________ 从……毕业 19._____________以及…… 20._____________ 适应某事 21._____________ 易于做某事 第二组　课文必背词块 1.a big part of my life _____________ 2.chat too much with online friends _____________ 3.meet friends in person _____________ 4.set goals for myself _____________ 5.quite an experience _____________ 6.a “go­getter” _____________ 7.think actively _____________ 8.a top 10 reading list _____________ 9.start a new lifestyle _____________ 10.all sorts of exciting things _____________ 写作 句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger ______________________________________________． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, _________________________________ ____________________________________________________． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) ________________________________“Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, __________________________ lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) __________________________ PE is the kids' favourite subject! 语法 动词不定式的用法、V-ing 和V-ed形式的形容词、句子结构 写作 写一封关于描述高中生活的非正式邮件 一、知识点精讲 differ vi.(differed, differed, differing)不同；不一样；有区别 【词汇拓展】 (1)differ ________... 与……不同 differ ________... 在……方面不同 differ with sb ________ 与某人在某事上有异议 agree to differ 同意各自保留不同意见 sb beg to differ 很抱歉，某人不敢苟同 (2)be different from... 与……不同 (3)make a/no difference(________) (对……)有/无影响 schedule n. 日程表；计划表 【词汇拓展】 (1)________/behind schedule提前/逾期 ________schedule按时；准时 (2)be scheduled ________...预定在……时间 be scheduled ________ 预定/安排做某事 ________如期；按照预定时间 expectation n. 预料；期待；预期 【词汇拓展】 (1)beyond one's ________出乎某人的意料 in (the) expectation of 预料；期望；指望 in the expectation that... 预计/期望…… ________ one's expectations 不负某人所望；达到某人的期望 (2)expect (sb) ________ 期待(某人)做某事 be expected to do sth 预计做某事；被期待做某事 confident adj. 有信心的；自信的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be confident ________ (doing) sth　对(做)某事有把握 be confident that 从句　相信…… (2)have/lose confidence ________ 　对……有/失去信心 (a)lack of/lack confidence in　对……缺乏信心 ________ one's confidence　赢得某人的信任 put confidence in sb 信任某人 pressure n．压力 【词汇拓展】 (1)the pressure of work 工作压力 ________ pressure在压力下；承受压力 reduce pressure减轻压力 lighten the pressure减轻压力 put sb ________ pressure置某人于压力之下 put pressure ________ sb给某人施加压力 air/water/blood pressure气压/水压/血压 (2)be pressed for time时间紧迫；时间不够 recover (recovered, recovered, recovering) vi. 恢复健康；康复 vt.重新获得，寻回；恢复(能力、知觉、情绪等) 【词汇拓展】 (1)recover ________从……中康复/恢复 recover ________ 镇定下来 recover sth 重新获得/找回某物 recover ________恢复体力/自信/平衡 (2)make a full/good ________from... 从……中完全恢复/康复得很好 【语义助记】 unfortunately adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地 【词汇拓展】 (1)try one's fortune碰运气 ________发财，赚大钱 (2)be fortunate ________ (doing) sth (做)某事很幸运 be fortunate ________幸运地做某事 It is fortunate (for sb) that...(对某人来说)……是幸运的 challenging adj. 富有挑战性的 【词汇拓展】 (1)a challenging task一个具有挑战性的任务 (2) ________the challenge面对挑战 ______________ a challenge 接受挑战 challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事 arise vi. (arose, arisen, arising)出现；发生；起身；起床 【词汇拓展】 (1)arise作“出现;发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如problem, question, quarrel, argument等，无被动语态。 (2)arise from/out of...由……产生/引起；从……中产生 【易混辨析】 单词 词性及含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise ________ ________ ________ ________ rise ________ ________ ________ ________ raise ________ ________ ________ ________ 【语境串记】用arise/rise/arouse/raise的适当形式完成语段 ________ in a poor family, he found everything in the outside world ________ his curiosity. However, as time went by, many problems ________. When the sun ________ in the east, he ________ from his bed and began to deal with them. various adj. 各种各样的，各种不同的 【词汇拓展】 (1)for ________ reasons 由于种种原因 (2) ________＝ (wide) varieties of种类繁多的 (3)vary ________从……到……不等 vary between... and... 在……到……之间变动 vary ________ 随着……变化 [点津]　a variety of意为“多种多样的……”，“a variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； the variety of意为“……的品种，种类”，“the variety of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________________ to do sth (某人)方便做某事 A be convenient for B A离B很近 when it be convenient for/to sb 某人方便的时候 (2) ________convenience 为了方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便时 at one's earliest convenience 尽早 addict n. 对……着迷的人 addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的 【词汇拓展】 (1)a work/TV/sports addict 工作狂/电视迷/热爱运动的人 (2)be/become/get addicted ________ sth 沉溺于(做)某事 (3)addiction to (doing) sth (做)某事的瘾/恶习 aim n. 目的；意图 v．(aimed, aimed, aiming) 瞄准；旨在 【词汇拓展】 (1)with ________ of...目的是，怀着……的目的 ________ aim漫无目的地 (2)aim to do sth./aim at doing sth.力求达到；力争做到(主语往往是某人) be aimed ________目的是，旨在(主语往往是某件事) (3) ________ adj.没有方向的，无目的的 (4) ________ adv.漫无目的地 distance v. (distanced, distanced, distancing) 使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n.[C] & [U]距离；远处；冷淡 【词汇拓展】 ________ the distance　在远处 ________ a distance 从远处 ________ a distance (of...) 在……远的地方；距离稍远 ________ walking/driving distance 步行/开车可及 keep sb ________ 与某人疏远；与某人保持距离 stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张 v．(stressed, stressed, stressing) 强调；重读；(使)焦虑不安 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________ stress 在压力之下 lay/place/put great stress ________ 强调…… cause stress 引起压力 reduce stress减轻压力 suffer from stress承受压力 deal with stress应付压力 (2)stress sth/that... 强调…… It is stressed that... 必须着重指出 suffer vt.&vi. (suffered, suffered, suffering)遭受；忍受；经历 【词汇拓展】 suffer ________________ 遭受痛苦/受伤/苦难/破坏 suffer ________________ 遭受失败/损失/贫困/惩罚 suffer from ________________ 遭受火灾/战争/洪水之苦/患头疼/心脏病 reduce v．(reduced, reduced, reducing)减少；降低；缩小 【词汇拓展】 (1)reduce ________ 减少了……(by表示幅度) reduce ________ 减少到……(to表示结果) reduce sb/sth to使陷入(更坏的)境地；使沦落到……地步 reduce sb to doing sth使某人落魄到做某事 be reduced to (doing) sth沦落到(做)某事的地步 (2)increase ________增长到 increase ________增加了 seek vt.&vi.(sought, sought, seeking)寻求，寻找；追求；探求，探索；试图 【词汇拓展】 seek sth from sb 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek ________ (正式)试图做某事 seek ________ 找到；找出 seek one's fortune 寻找发财的机会 seek advice/help 寻求建议/帮助 power n. 电；电力；电量 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________ 当权 ________ power掌权；上台 do all/everything ________ to do sth某人竭尽全力做某事 ________ one's power超出某人的能力 have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力 be ________ one's power to do sth 某人有权力/有能力做某事 (2)be powered by... 由……提供动力；由……供电 [点津]　高考阅读理解中经常出现由power及其派生词powered构成的合成词和语块，如2020高考试题中出现的： willpower n．意志力； battery­powered adj. 电池供电的； self­powered adj.自供电的； mixed­power adj.混合动力的； power station发电站； power source电源； power plant发电厂； electric power电力。 inspire vt. (inspired, inspired, inspiring)鼓舞，鼓励，激励，激发 【词汇拓展】 (1)inspire sb ________激励某人做某事 inspire... in sb 激发/激励某人的…… inspire ________/ ________ in sb 激起某人的信心/燃起某人的希望 (2)draw inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 apply (applied, applied, applying) vi. 申请；适用；应用 vt. 使专心致志 【词汇拓展】 (1)apply... ________ 把……应用于……；涂/敷/擦……到……上(to为介词) ________ (介词)... 适用于…… apply ________(向……)申请…… apply oneself to (doing) sth 专心(做)某事 (2) ________ n. 应用；适用性，实用性；申请；用法；用途 eager adj. 热切的；渴望的 【词汇拓展】 (1)be eager ________ 渴望某物 be eager ________渴望做某事 be eager that...(should) do sth渴望……(从句多用虚拟语气) (2)be anxious for sth渴望得到某物 be anxious about sth/for sb为……担心 be anxious to do sth急切地做某事 sort n. 种；种类；类型 vt.(sorted, sorted, sorting) 整理；把……分类 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________(＝all kinds of) 各种各样的…… ________(＝kind of)稍微；有点儿(常位于动词或形容词之前作状语，表程度) a certain sort of 某种…… various sorts of 各种各样的…… (2)sort by 排序方式 sort... into... 把……分成…… supply n. 供应；供给 v．(supplied, supplied, supplying)供应，供给；补充；满足 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________ 大量供应…… be in short supply 供应短缺 (2)supply sth ________ ＝supply sb/sth ________ 向某人/某物提供某物 (3)provide sb ________ ＝provide sth ________为某人提供某物 ________________ 供求关系 attract vt. (attracted, attracted, attracting) 吸引；引起注意 【词汇拓展】 (1)attract one's ________/ ________吸引某人的注意力/兴趣 attract sb to sth 吸引某人关注某事 attract sb to sp 吸引某人到某地 be attracted by 被……迷住；被……吸引 (2)a tourist attraction 旅游景点 (3)be attractive to... 对……有吸引力 contribute vt.&vi. (contributed, contributed, contributing) 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 【词汇拓展】 (1)contribute... to... 捐助……给……；向……投稿 ________ 有助于；导致；促成；向……捐款/投稿 (2)make ________/ ________ to... 为……做贡献 intend vt.(intended, intended, intending) 计划；打算 【词汇拓展】 (1)intend ________/ ________打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth 本打算做某事 (2)be intended ________ 专为……而设计；专供……使用的 be intended to be/do... 为……打算(或设计)的 (3)with an/the intention of...打算…… adapt v．(adapted, adapted, adapting) (使)适应；(使)适合；改装；改编；改写 【词汇拓展】 (1)adapt (oneself) ________适应…… (2)adapt... ________ 根据……改编…… adapt... for...把……改写/改编成…… entertainment n. 娱乐 【词汇拓展】 (1) ________________ 使某人高兴的是 a form of entertainment 一种娱乐形式 (2)entertain sb ________ 用某物招待某人 entertain sb ________ 用某物使某人快乐 ________ 自娱自乐 二、核心语法精讲 动词不定式的用法 高考四大核心考查点 1. 不定式五大时态语态辨析 2. 不定式六大句法功能 3. to do / doing 高频易混辨析 4. 特殊结构：省略to、疑问词+to do、主动表被动 模块一 不定式完整时态语态（高三重难点） 1. 一般式：to do 动作发生在谓语之后/同时，表将来、目的、常态 例：He decides to study abroad. 2. 进行式：to be doing 谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行 例：He seems to be waiting for someone. 3. 完成式：to have done（高考最高频） 不定式动作先于谓语动作发生 例：He is said to have finished the task. 4. 被动式：to be done 表将要被、需要被 例：The bridge is to be repaired soon. 5. 完成被动式：to have been done 表已经被完成 例：The work seems to have been completed. 【高三速记口诀】 将来一般to do，正在进行to be doing； 先做完成have done，被动句式加be搞定。 模块二 不定式六大句法功能（解题核心依据） 1. 作主语（高考必考形式主语） 固定句型：It + adj./n. + to do sth. 例：It is necessary to master grammar. 2. 作宾语 高考只接to do的动词（必背） decide、plan、attempt、afford、promise、refuse、pretend、fail、agree 高考只接doing的动词（必背） avoid、miss、finish、mind、suggest、practise、imagine、enjoy 3. 作表语 放在be动词后，解释主语具体内容 例：My dream is to become a translator. 4. 作后置定语（语法填空高频） 修饰抽象名词：time、chance、ability、way、opportunity 例：a good way to improve English 5. 作状语（两大考点） ① 目的状语（写作万能） To achieve my goal, I keep working hard. ② 结果状语（难点） only to do 表示出乎意料的坏结果 例：He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left. 6. 作宾补 高频搭配：allow/permit/encourage/advise/require sb. to do 模块三 省略to的不定式（短文改错重灾区） 1. 主动语态省略to “五看三使两听一感”： see/watch/notice/observe/look at make/let/have hear/listen to feel 结构：sb. do sth. 2. 被动语态必须还原to（高考必考改错点） 主动：The boss made him work late. 被动：He was made to work late. 3. 特殊固定结构省to cannot help but do 不得不做 have nothing to do but do 除……之外别无选择 模块四 高考顶级易混：to do / doing 辨析 1. remember to do 记得要做（未做） remember doing 记得做过（已做） 2. forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过 3. stop to do 停下手头事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 4. mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 5. try to do 努力尽力做 try doing 尝试试着做 模块五 疑问词+to do（写作高级简洁句型） 结构：疑问词(what/how/when/where/which) + to do 功能：替换宾语从句，零语法错误、句式高级 例：I don’t know what I should do. = I don’t know what to do. 模块六 高考满分万能不定式句型（写作必背） 1. It takes time to do sth. 做某事需要时间 2. It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事 3. There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事 4. have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择只能做某事 5. be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 模块七 考场终极秒杀口诀 定状补宾用不定式，将来目的未发生； 主动省to被动补，完成式表先发生； only to do 出意外，to be done 表将被； to do未做doing已做，高考做题零失误。 【即时训练】 一、语法填空 1. It is necessary for us ______ (form) good learning habits. 2. He pretended ______ (finish) his homework already. 3. The meeting ______ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 4. He hurried to school only ______ (tell) that it was holiday. 5. The teacher had us ______ (clean) the classroom. 二、句式翻译（读后续写专用） 1. 为了改变现状，我决定更加努力。 ___________________________________________________________________. 2. 他似乎已经得知了这个好消息。 ___________________________________________________________________. V-ing 和V-ed形式的形容词 高考核心考点： 情感类分词形容词的主被动、主动修饰、修饰对象区别 一、终极秒杀口诀 V- ing修饰事物、令人……（主动） V- ed修饰人、感到……（被动、感受） 一句话真理： ing = 让人产生某种情绪 ed = 自己内心已经产生情绪 二、核心本质 1. V-ing 形容词：主动、进行、令人…… 逻辑：主语/被修饰词 发出情绪、让人怎么样 特点：修饰 事物、场景、声音、结果、状态 例： surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 tiring work 令人疲惫的工作 amazing result 令人惊喜的结果 2. V-ed 形容词：被动、完成、感到…… 逻辑：主语/被修饰词 被动承受情绪、自己感到…… 特点：修饰 人、表情、眼神、心理状态 例： surprised look 惊讶的神情 tired students 疲惫的学生 amazed audience 感到惊喜的观众 三、高考最容易丢分的4大陷阱（高三重点） 陷阱1：修饰“人的表情、眼神、声音” 必须用ed 哪怕是人发出的，心理流露全部用ed（高考超级高频） - a surprised smile（√）惊讶的微笑 - a worried look（√）担忧的神色 - an excited voice（√）激动的声音 ❌ 绝对不用 ing！ 陷阱2：修饰事物但表示“人的感受” → 依然用ed an interested look 感兴趣的神情（不是“令人感兴趣的表情”，是人自己感受） 陷阱3：ing可修饰人，但表“让人怎么样” He is boring. 他这个人很无聊（让人无聊） He is bored. 他自己感到无聊 陷阱4：固定高级搭配（写作拉分） V-ing： challenging task 有挑战性的任务 inspiring story 鼓舞人心的故事 satisfying result 令人满意的结果 V-ed： be devoted to 致力于 be determined to 决心 be faced with 面对 be exhausted 筋疲力尽 四、高考必考情感词对照表（背诵即满分） 1. 惊讶类 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 2. 疲惫类 tiring 令人疲惫的 tired 感到疲惫的 3. 兴奋类 exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的 4. 困惑类 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 感到困惑的 5. 失望类 disappointing 令人失望的（事） disappointed 感到失望的（人） 6. 感兴趣 interesting 有趣的（事） interested 感兴趣的（人） 7. 烦恼 worrying 令人担忧的 worried 担忧的 五、高三语法填空必考句式结构 结构1：be + ed（表人的状态） I am puzzled at the problem. 结构2：It is + ing（评价事物） It is astonishing that he failed. 结构3：分词前置修饰名词（最高频） a moving movie 感人的电影 a moved girl 被感动的女孩 结构4：独立状态（读后续写万能） Determined to succeed, he worked hard.（决心） Faced with difficulties, we never give up.（面对） 六、高考超级易混对比（考前必看） 1. a frightening look 吓人的表情（让人害怕） a frightened look 惊恐的表情（自己害怕） 2. annoying noise 令人烦躁的噪音 annoyed boy 烦躁的男孩 3. satisfying answer 令人满意的答案 satisfied customer 满意的顾客 七、高三终极总结（考场秒判） 1. 物、事、过程、结果 → ing 令人…… 2. 人、表情、心理、感受 → ed 感到…… 3. 人的神态声音一律ed（高考最大陷阱） 4. ed多表状态、被动、完成 5. ing多表性质、主动、进行 【即时训练】 一、语法填空 1. The news was so ______ (shock) that everyone was ______ (shock). 2. He had a ______ (worry) expression on his face. 3. It is ______ (tire) to study all day long. 4. ______ (exhaust), he fell asleep immediately. 5. The story is very ______ (interest). 二、高级翻译（续写专用） 1. 面对困难，他从不气馁。 ___________________________________________________________________. 2. 这个鼓舞人心的故事让我深受感动。 ___________________________________________________________________. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的写作任务是写一封私人电子邮件。 英文电子邮件的基本要素是主题、称谓、正文、结尾用语及署名。 (1)电子邮件最重要的部分是主题，主题应当做到言简意赅，并突出邮件的重要性。 (2)私人电子邮件不用那么正式，可以用“Hello/Hi”问候对方。 (3)在书写正文时，把最重要的事情写在正文最前面或者邮件内容较长时写在第一段。邮件段落最好控制在两三段之内。如果一封电子邮件涉及多个信息点，可以采用分条目的方法，如符号、小标题、编号来使得邮件想要表达的内容层次清晰。 (4)结尾语在正文之后添加。注意一般结尾语中只有第一个单词首字母大写而剩余单词都小写，此处与称呼不同。 2. 写作框架 3. 写作素材 假设你是李华，进入高中学习已将近一个月了，最近收到澳大利亚好友Jack的电子邮件，他说他打算在2026年的10月份来你学校作为交换生学习一年。他让你给他回封电子邮件介绍你新学校的基本情况。内容包括： 1．你对学校的总体印象(学校，老师，教学方法……)； 2．你的学习情况(课程比初中更有挑战性，但有信心学好)； 3．生活和课外活动情况(与同学们相处融洽，积极参加各种课外活动)。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头及结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 4. 范文写作 Dear Jack， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly， Li Hua 易错点01 so that / so...that 【一句话辨异】I previewed the new English texts so carefully before class that I could easily follow the teacher’s explanation throughout the whole lesson so that I could spare more after-school time for my favorite physics interest club. 我课前非常认真地预习了新英语课文，以至于整节课都能轻松跟上老师的讲解，这样我就能腾出更多课后时间参加我最喜欢的物理兴趣社团。 【错因辨析】 1. so that 以便，为了；结果‌。 so和that必须直接连在一起使用，中间不能插入任何形容词、副词或名词。 ①目的状语从句（占考题80%，最高频）：翻译为“以便，为了”，从句中几乎都会出现can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词，表主句动作的目的，可与in order that互换（注意：so that不能放在句首，in order that可以）。 I always mark key points with colored pens in class so that I can review them more efficiently before exams 我上课总用彩笔标记重点，以便考前能更高效地复习。（目的状语，从句有情态动词can） ② 结果状语从句（考频较低）：翻译为“结果，因此”，从句是已经发生的客观事实，通常不带情态动词，前面常用逗号和主句隔开。 I got stuck in a heavy traffic jam on the way to the station, so that I missed the last train back to my hometown. 我去车站的路上遇上严重拥堵，结果错过了返乡的最后一班火车。（结果状语，无情态动词，表已发生的事实）‌‌ 2. so…that… 如此……以至于…… ①基础考法：so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句 The math problem was so difficult that nearly half of the class failed to work it out in the quiz. 这道数学题难度太高，测验时班里近一半学生都没能做出来。 ②高频易错考法：so + many/much/few/little（表数量“多/少”）+ 名词 + that 从句（注意：哪怕后面接名词，只要是表数量概念的这四个词，都用so不用such；如果little表“年龄小”而非数量少，才用such，比如such little kids 这么小的孩子） There was so much homework during the National Day holiday that I spent almost three whole days finishing it. 国庆假期的作业量太大，我花了整整三天才全部写完。 ③拓展考法：so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句，可和such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that互换。 It was so inspiring a speech by the senior who got admitted to Peking University that all the students present listened attentively and took notes the whole time. =It was such an inspiring speech by the senior who got admitted to Peking University that all the students present listened attentively and took notes the whole time. 那位考上北京大学的学长做的分享太有感染力了，在场所有学生全程都专注听讲、认真记笔记。 【对点训练】 1. The newly-released sci-fi film was ______ touching ______ many audiences could not help crying at the final scene. A. so; that B. so that; / C. such; that 易错点02 v-ing形容词 vs. v-ed形容词 【一句话辨异】 The boring lecture made most students feel so bored that they couldn’t wait to leave the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 那场令人无聊的讲座让大部分学生感到极其厌烦，以至于铃声一响他们就迫不及待地离开了教室。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：主动 vs. 被动（“令人……” vs. “感到……”） v-ing 形容词（现在分词）：“令人……的”，表示事物本身具有的主动特性，令人产生某种情绪。主语通常是物或事。 The news was shocking. （这消息令人震惊。）——消息本身具有“震惊”人的特性。 The film is really touching. （这部电影真感人。）——电影本身有“感动”人的力量。 v-ed 形容词（过去分词）：“感到……的”，表示被动的感受，即人受到外界影响后产生的内心状态。主语通常是人或有生命的事物。 I was shocked at the news. （我对这消息感到震惊。）——我是受到消息影响的“接收者”。 The students are deeply moved by the story. （学生们被这个故事深深打动了。） 2. 常考高频成对词（务必成组记忆） v-ing（令人…） v-ed（感到…） interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 boring 令人无聊的 bored 感到无聊的 tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 感到疲倦的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 感到困惑的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到受鼓舞的 3. 本质规律（一针见血） 物（事）用-ing，人用-ed —— 这是最基础的判断标准。 但要注意：如果主语是人的表情、声音、眼神等（如 his excited voice 他兴奋的声音），这些外部表现是由内心感受引发的，仍然用 -ed，因为它反映的是人的情绪状态。 4. 特殊注意：修饰物但表“人感受”的情况 a frightened look 恐惧的眼神（眼神本身不会“害怕”，是这个人内心害怕，故用-ed） a satisfied smile 满意的微笑（微笑本身不会“满意”，是这个人内心满意，故用-ed） 【对点训练】 1. The three-hour-long math exam was so ______ that many students felt completely ______ by the last page. A. tiring; tiring B. tiring; tired C. tired; tired 2. The ______ expression on her face suggested that she was ______ with the result of the experiment. A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointed; disappointed 3. I find it ______ to listen to the same story again and again, and I’m sure the children will get ______ too. A. bored; boring B. boring; bored C. boring; boring 易错点03 v-ing 做状语 vs. to-v 做结果状语 【一句话辨异】 The heavy rain lasted for a whole week, causing severe floods in the low-lying areas, only to cause more damage when the dam suddenly broke the next day. 大雨持续了整整一周，造成了低洼地区的严重洪灾，结果第二天大坝突然决口，反而造成了更大的损失。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：自然伴随的结果 vs. 出乎意料的结局 v-ing 做结果状语（现在分词）：表示自然而然、顺理成章的直接结果。主句和分词动作之间存在必然的因果关系，且结果往往在主句动作发生的同时或紧接着发生。 The earthquake struck the city at midnight, killing thousands of people. 地震在午夜袭击了这座城市，导致数千人遇难。（地震必然导致伤亡，是直接的、可预料的结果） His car ran into a tree, seriously damaging the front part. 他的车撞到了树上，严重损坏了车前部。（撞树必然损坏车，结果顺理成章） to-v 做结果状语（不定式）：表示意想不到的、令人失望的或事与愿违的非预期结果。为了突出这种“意外”，常与 only 连用（即 only to do），翻译为“结果却……”、“不料……”。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had already left. 他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。（匆忙赶路本应赶上，却意外没赶上） She stayed up late reviewing the lessons, only to forget everything in the exam the next day. 她熬夜复习功课，结果却在第二天的考试中忘得一干二净。（努力复习却得到相反结果，令人沮丧） 2. 核心区别速查表（一针见血） 对比维度 v-ing 结果状语 to-v 结果状语（only to do） 结果性质 自然、直接、可预见的结果 意外、失望、事与愿违的结果 因果关系 强因果关系，必然推导 弱因果关系，带有转折意味 感情色彩 中性或客观陈述 常带负面、遗憾、惊讶色彩 常用标志词 无特定标志，直接用逗号隔开 常与 only 搭配：only to do 时间先后 结果与主句动作同时或紧接 结果发生在主句动作之后，有先后顺序 3. 典型易混对比（一题秒懂） He worked hard, getting the first prize in the final exam. 他学习很努力，结果在期末考试中获得了第一名。（努力→获得好成绩，是自然可期的结果，用v-ing） He worked hard, only to get a failing grade in the final exam. 他学习很努力，结果期末考试却不及格。（努力→不及格，是意外、反差的结果，用only to do） 4. 补充拓展：to-v 结果状语的其他用法 除了 only to do，还常见 just to do、...enough to...（足够……以至于……）、...too...to...（太……而不能……）等，但只有 only to do 单独做结果状语时带有“意外”含义，其余多为目的或程度状语，注意区分。 【对点训练】 1. The heavy snow blocked the whole highway, _____ a long traffic jam that lasted over 10 hours. A. to cause B. only to cause C. causing 2. The old man walked into the dark cave cautiously, ______ a huge treasure box hidden in the corner. A. only to find B. finding C. found 3. The boy practiced playing the piano for three hours every day, ______ first prize in the national competition. A. only to win B. winning C. to win 易错点04 v-ing 做状语 vs. v-ed 做状语 【一句话辨异】Facing the fierce competition from other applicants, the young graduate stood calmly before the interviewers, encouraged by his previous internship experience and determined to show his best self. 面对其他应聘者的激烈竞争，这位年轻毕业生在面试官面前镇定地站着，受到先前实习经历的鼓舞，并下定决心要展现出最好的自己。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：主动关系 vs. 被动关系（逻辑主语一致是关键） v-ing 和 v-ed 做状语时，都遵循一个重要原则：状语部分的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。区别在于两者与逻辑主语之间的关系： v-ing 做状语（现在分词）：表示主动关系，即逻辑主语是动作的发出者。 Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 在公园散步时，我遇到了一位老朋友。（“我”发出“走”的动作） Not knowing what to do, she turned to her teacher for help. 不知道该做什么，她向老师求助。（“她”发出“不知道”的动作） v-ed 做状语（过去分词）：表示被动关系，即逻辑主语是动作的承受者。 Inspired by the teacher's words, he decided to work harder. 受到老师话语的鼓舞，他决定更加努力。（“他”是“被鼓舞”的承受者） Compared with other candidates, she has more practical experience. 与其他候选人相比，她拥有更多的实践经验。（“她”是“被比较”的对象） 2. 核心区别速查表（一针见血） 对比维度 v-ing 做状语 v-ed 做状语 与逻辑主语关系 主动关系（逻辑主语执行该动作） 被动关系（逻辑主语承受该动作） 中文翻译关键词 “……着”、“由于/因为……”、“在……时” “受到……”、“被……”、“鉴于……” 情感色彩 表示主语自身发出的行为或状态 表示主语受到外界影响后的状态 常见形式 Doing / Not doing / Having done Done / Not done / Having been done 3. 高频易混点辨析（v-ing被动式 vs. v-ed） 当需要强调“被……且已完成”时，可用 Having been done，但绝大多数情况下直接使用 v-ed 即可表达被动含义，更为简洁常用。 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（= Told many times, he still made the same mistake.） 已被告知多次，他仍然犯了同样的错误。（两者皆可，v-ed更简洁） 4. 典型易混对比（一题秒懂） Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来。（“她”主动“听到”，用v-ing） Moved by the news, she burst into tears. 被这个消息感动了，她突然哭了起来。（“她”被消息“感动”，用v-ed） 5. 特殊情况：表示“伴随状态”时如何区分 Standing on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city. 站在山顶上，我们可以看到整座城市。（“我们”主动“站”，用v-ing） Seated on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city. 坐在山顶上，我们可以看到整座城市。（“我们”被安置/就座于山顶，强调处于某状态，用v-ed，seated 本身常表“坐着的状态”） 6. 做状语的形容词化分词 某些 v-ed 形式已高度形容词化，如 lost（迷路的）、dressed（穿着）、hidden（躲藏的）、seated（坐着的），它们做状语时强调的是一种状态而非动作本身，但仍遵循被动/状态逻辑。 Lost in thought, he didn't notice the teacher coming in. 陷入沉思中，他没有注意到老师进来了。（“他”是“被陷入”沉思的状态） 【对点训练】 1. ______ in the heavy rain for hours, the homeless dog looked weak and helpless. A. Catching B. Caught C. Having caught 2. ______ from the top of the tower, the whole city looks more beautiful at night. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Being seen 3.______ his homework carefully, he handed it in with great confidence. A. Checked B. Having checked C. Being checked 4. ______ in a white uniform, the nurse walked quickly towards the emergency room. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. Having dressed 易错点05 what 与 that 引导名词性从句的区别 【一句话辨异】That the young teacher had won the national teaching competition was widely known, but what really surprised everyone was that she had prepared the entire lesson in just one night. 那位年轻老师赢得了全国教学比赛，这件事众所周知，但真正让所有人惊讶的是，她竟然只花了一个晚上就准备好了整堂课。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心逻辑：是否充当成分 + 是否有含义 对比维度 that 引导名词性从句 what 引导名词性从句 在从句中是否充当成分 不充当任何成分（主、宾、表均不充当） 必须充当成分（主、宾、表语等） 是否有词义 无词义（仅起连接作用，纯语法标记） 有词义（“……的事情”、“……的东西”、“……的人”等） 能否省略 引导宾语从句时可省略；引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不可省略 绝不可省略（因为承担成分） 引导的从句类型 陈述句变来的完整事实 隐含疑问或缺少成分的句子 2. 核心判断方法（两步法） 第一步：看从句是否“缺东西” 如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语（即句子结构不完整），用 what。 如果从句中主谓宾/主系表结构完整，什么都不缺，用 that。 第二步：看引导词是否有含义 what 翻译为“……的（事情/东西/人）”，承担具体含义。 that 不翻译，只起“打包”作用，把整个句子变成一个大名词。 3. 典型示例对比 宾语从句（缺宾语 vs. 不缺宾语） I believe that he is honest. 我相信他是诚实的。（从句 he is honest 结构完整，什么都不缺，用that） I believe what he said. 我相信他所说的话。（从句 he said 缺宾语，缺少“说的东西”，用what，且what充当said的宾语） 主语从句（缺主语 vs. 不缺主语） That he succeeded made us proud. 他成功了这件事让我们骄傲。（从句 he succeeded 主谓完整，不缺成分，用that） What he achieved made us proud. 他所取得的成就让我们骄傲。（从句 he achieved 缺宾语，缺少“取得的东西”，用what，且what充当achieved的宾语） 表语从句（缺表语 vs. 不缺表语） The truth is that he has never been abroad. 事实是他从未出过国。（从句 he has never been abroad 主谓宾完整，用that） This is what I really need. 这才是我真正需要的。（从句 I really need 缺宾语，缺少“需要的东西”，用what，且what充当need的宾语） 4. 高频易错点：what 相当于“the thing(s) that” 记住一个简便公式：what = the thing(s) that What he said = The thing that he said（他说的话） What I need = The thing that I need（我需要的东西） 代入法：如果你能把空格替换成“the thing(s) that”且句意通顺，那就是 what；否则用 that。 5. 特殊提醒：what 还可表示“……的人”或“……的样子” He is not what he used to be. 他不再是过去的他了。（what = the person that，表“……的人”） This is what it looks like. 这就是它的样子。（what = the appearance that，表“……的样子”） 6. that 引导名词性从句的“三个不可省略”场景 场景 例句 原因 引导主语从句（位于句首） That she refused the offer surprised me. 句首that不能省，否则结构混乱 引导表语从句 My opinion is that we should start at once. 表语从句中的that不可省 引导同位语从句 The news that our team won excited everyone. 同位语从句的that不可省（区别于定语从句） 7. 注意：that 引导宾语从句时，若从句前有并列连词或插入语，也不可省略 He told me that he was busy and that he couldn't come. 他告诉我他很忙，而且他来不了。（第二个that不能省，否则会造成歧义） 【对点训练】 1. ______ we need most now is more time to prepare for the final exam. A. That B. What C. Which 2. The reason for his absence was ______ he had to take care of his sick mother at home. A. that B. what C. because 3. I'm deeply grateful for ______ you have done for me during these difficult days. A.that B. what C. which 4. ______ the ancient building survived the strong earthquake is still a mystery to the experts. A. What B. That C. Whether 5. The teacher asked us to write a report about ______ we had learned from the social practice activity. A. that B. what C. which 一、单元知识回顾 1．写出与differ/different/difference相关的短语 (1)__________________在……方面不同 __________________与……不同 (2)__________________对……起作用/有影响 (3)__________________在……方面与……不同 2．写出与recover/recovery相关的短语 (1)__________________从……中恢复过来 __________________恢复健康；镇定下来 (2)__________________ 完全恢复/恢复很快/恢复很慢 3．写出与vary/various/variety相关的短语 (1)vary with __________________ (2)__________________各种各样的 4．写出与convenience/convenient相关的短语 (1)__________________对某人来说很方便 (2)__________________在某人方便时 5．写出与apply 相关的短语 (1)__________________适用于(做)某事 (2)__________________(向某人)申请某物 (3)__________________把A应用于B (4)__________________致力于(做)某事 6．写出与intend/intention 相关的短语 (1)intend sb.to do sth.__________________ (2)be intended for__________________ (3)with an/the intention of__________________ 7．写出与adapt相关的短语 (1)adapt oneself to__________________ __________________根据……改编…… 8． 写出与stress相关的短语 (1)under stress__________________ lay/place great stress on__________________ (2)stress the importance of...__________________ 二、词汇运用 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．With the doctor's proper treatment, the patient soon ______________ (恢复) from his injury. 2．Altogether there are twelve ______________ (章节) in this book, most of which tell about Chinese food. 3．More attention should be paid to ______________ (素质) education of the students in schools of all levels. 4．In recent years, pollution has been ______________ (减少) greatly in our city, so the air is much cleaner. 5．At the meeting yesterday afternoon, Lily was greatly ______________ (激励) and determined to work hard at her lessons. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．She has never failed in her life before, so she is full of ______________ (confident) about herself. 2．As ______________ (schedule), the Campus Art Festival is to last from Monday to Friday next week. 3．I'm sorry, but I can't do anything to offer you a helping hand because it is ______________ my range. 4．That boy is too addicted to ______________ (play) football. 5．The field race, ______________ (aim) at promoting the students' general health, is to be held next week. Ⅲ.选词填空 from time to time; all in all; in person; get ahead; deal with 1．Only by working harder at your job can you ______________ and become successful in life. 2．She has been working in this field for over twenty years, so she is quite able to __________ such problems. 3．When these foreigners visited China ______________, they couldn't help singing high praise for the great achievements we have made. 4．______________，I highly recommend this film. 5．My brother would make a phone call from Canada ______________, chatting with my parents about his life in Canada. 三、重点句型 1．在他们看来，我可能无法判断这些人是否是真朋友，这是危险的。(that引导同位语从句) According to them, there is a danger ______________________________________． 2．我在所有课上总是专心听讲并积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情。(so that引导目的状语从句) I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, ______________________________________ ______________________________________． 3．常言道，“分秒必争！”(as引导定语从句) ______________________________________, “Every minute counts！” 4．然而，并不是所有的事情都如张天所愿。(部分否定) However, ______________________________________ lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes. 5．体育课是孩子们最喜欢的课程，这并不奇怪！(it is＋adj.＋that引导的主语从句) ______________________________________ PE is the kids' favourite subject! 四、课文语法填空 Lesson 1 It is a typical day for Zhang Tian to work from seven in the morning to eight in the evening,1. (feel) tired.He graduated 2. university and got a teacher’s certificate last year.He had an 3. (inspire) idea of living independently away from home.When he arrived at the school，not everything lived up to his hopes.The school was much 4. (small) than expected.There was a playground 5. got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.It was more challenging 6. (live) in the village. There were only three teachers in the school,7. (include) Zhang Tian who was the only English teacher.He tried to introduce more subjects to the school.8. teaching，he also brought changes to the village.He managed to rebuild the playground with the help of charity 9. (organise)．He was popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.He was ready 10. (stay) for another year. Lesson 3 It is a typical day for Zhang Tian to work from seven in the morning to eight in the evening,1.______ (feel) tired.He graduated 2.______ university and got a teacher’s certificate last year.He had an 3.______(inspire) idea of living independently away from home.When he arrived at the school，not everything lived up to his hopes.The school was much 4.______r(small) than expected.There was a playground 5.______got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.It was more challenging 6.______(live) in the village. There were only three teachers in the school,7.______(include) Zhang Tian who was the only English teacher.He tried to introduce more subjects to the school.8.______teaching，he also brought changes to the village.He managed to rebuild the playground with the help of charity 9.______(organise)．He was popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.He was ready 10.________(stay) for another year. 五、阅读理解 A (2025·广东六校高三上第二次联考) Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from hard surfaces, their edges softening over time. And I wonder, can we learn from a pile of rocks? Even the tallest mountains have worn down; none are as tall as they were 1，000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my attitude has softened and that my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun. Once I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I am more understanding. I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together. But I’m not a rock. I’m a human being filled with all the drama built into my DNA. Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask a guy to leave for not falling in line with the rules. Not forceful and not rude. On the door read a sign: “Please No Pets Allowed in Our Restaurant”. But the guy tried to argue about the note. I sat watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been this guy before, using my youthful edges to chip away at the world. What I lost, however, was the ability to grow by looking through others’ eyes, and thus the possibility of finding content and success. You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others; the latter never give an inch to accommodate others. Time, like the waters roiling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another’s point of view. I placed a rounded stone into my pocket. Mother Nature is holding class again. 1. What does the author compare the rocks to? A. People with varied personalities. B. DNA unique to each person. C. Challenges that we come across. D. Our abilities that grow with time. 2. What caused the argument in the restaurant? A. Lack of clarity in the sign. B. The owner’s inappropriate attitude. C. Demanding restaurant requests. D. The guy’s failing to obey the rules. 3. Which best describes the author’s attitude toward the world when he was young? A. Respectful.　　　　 B. Aggressive. C. Ambiguous. D. Tolerant. 4. What does the author try to convey through this text? A. We should adjust ourselves to new conditions. B. Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life. C. It’s necessary to obey the rules in public spaces. D. Being open and understanding brings satisfaction. B (2025·八省联考) Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city—in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense(稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so－called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be—and how it should develop—are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed－use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people’s interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high－density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”： shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 5. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 6. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 7. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 8. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of ________． A. pride　　　　　　　　 B. comfort C. security D. urgency 六、七选五 (2025·陕西省高三上第一次适应性检测) Find your passion Is there something you love doing more than anything else? Discovering you have a passion for a sport or hobby not only brings you joy—__1__． What is passion? Passion describes the strong feeling you have when doing something you love. This could be anything from listening to music, playing sports, drawing, doing puzzles or getting lost in a book. Following your passion doesn’t mean trying to be the best at something or doing it because other people want you to. __2__. It can be something that touches your heart and mind. Find your flow. When you’re doing something you’re passionate about, you feel less stressed because you can forget your worries. You can go into a “flow state”， when your mind and body are completely absorbed by what you’re doing. When this happens, difficult thoughts and feelings melt away and all that matters is what’s in front of you. If your passion involves learning a new skill or sport, __3__. This can build your challenges while doing something you love. Discover your passion. __4__. However, passion often begins with a spark of curiosity and grows from there. This spark could be lit by anything, like an inspiring lesson or an exciting goal in a football match. Following this spark can turn it into something meaningful that lifts your heart. __5__． You can discover passion by trying new activities. Then make time for it. Passion can also be catching. So share interests with your friends and help them find their passion too. A. Pick your passion B. Explore different things C. it can help you to discover your strengths D. Passion is not always waiting to be discovered E. It’s vital that you can get some lessons by doing so F. it can also boost your self－cognition and self－confidence G. What matters is that you’re drawn to an activity because of your feelings 七、完形填空 (2025·淮南实验中学高三上期末) Ezra Frech has earned a name for himself by achieving the world record for the T63 high jump. He’s become so __1__ that he’s broken his own set records twice in July 2023. The athlete continues to __2__ his family’s support as one of the biggest reasons behind his __3__． Ezra was born with limb(肢) differences. Despite facing physical __4__， his love for sports kept him going. He was given a prosthetic leg(假腿) at 11 months of age, which __5__ him with participation in track and field events. In 2024, he is set to __6__ in the Paralympic Games in Paris as part of Team USA. Clayton, Ezra’s father, has been a(n) __7__ presence in the entire journey. Ezra __8__ wanted to go to the NBA and Clayton fully supported his __9__. They didn’t know his participation was not __10__ and they went through the journey of exploring the league together. After the heartbreaking disappointment in the NBA, he __11__ to the long jump, high jump and sprint(短跑) events. At his first competition, the athlete placed fifth. Clayton was there to __12__ the heartbreak. He __13__ Ezra by reminding him of the impact he was making on his community. Clayton has always remained __14__ in his three children’s dreams. Even when his kids changed their dreams millions of times, he remained patient and __15__． 1. A. friendly　　　　　　 B. skillful C. patient D. curious 2. A. cite B. post C. offer D. require 3. A. success B. arrival C. independence D. graduation 4. A. activities B. examinations C. injuries D. challenges 5. A. replaced B. covered C. aided D. compared 6. A. cheer B. compete C. behave D. stay 7. A. similar B. constant C. instant D. equal 8. A. once B. only C. never D. already 9. A. belief B. habit C. position D. decision 10. A. understood B. noticed C. allowed D. reported 11. A. objected B. responded C. switched D. contributed 12. A. avoid B. remember C. describe D. share 13. A. criticized B. guaranteed C. introduced D. motivated 14. A. filled B. settled C. invested D. cut 15. A. on board B. on time C. in demand D. in search 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $