Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 语法(被动语态)讲解 导学案-2026-2027学年沪外版英语必修一(新高一)新课预习

Unit4 Customs and Traditions语法讲解与练习 现在进行时&现在完成时被动语态精讲 一、语法概述 被动语态核心逻辑：主语是动作的承受者（被……），不强调动作发出者，侧重客观事实、文化现象、社会状态。 两大必考结构： 1.现在进行时被动：am/is/are being + done（正在被……） 2.现在完成时被动：have/has been + done（已经被……） 二、现在进行时的被动语态（am/is/are being done） 1. 核心定义与时态本质 现在进行时被动语态,侧重描述现阶段、此时此刻正在发生、尚未结束的被动动作。主语为动作承受者,强调动作处于「正在进行的过程中」,不强调动作执行者。 区别于一般现在时被动：一般现在被动表常态、习惯性动作；现在进行被动表临时、正在进行、动态变化的动作。 例：Traditional customs are followed.（习俗被遵守—常态） Traditional customs are being followed.（习俗当下正被人们遵守—现阶段正在进行） 2. 完整句型结构精细拆解 肯定句:主语+ am/is/are(时态助动词)+ being（进行态标志）+过去分词(被动核心） 否定句:主语+ am/is/are + not being +过去分词 (not必须放在being之前,禁止错位） 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+being +过去分词？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Am/Is/Are +主语+ being +过去分词？ 结构核心：be负责时态，being负责“正在进行”，过去分词负责被动含义，三者缺一不可。 肯定：主语+ am/is/are being +过去分词 否定：主语+ am/is/are not being +过去分词 疑问：Am/Is/Are +主语+ being +过去分词？ 3. 重难点、易错点深度解析 ✅ 核心必考考点：being 绝对不能省略 去掉 being 后,句式变为 am/is/are + done,直接降级为一般现在时被动语态,彻底丢失“正在进行”的时态含义。 ❌ 错误：The show is held now. ✅正确：The show is being held now. 主谓一致规则：只看单复数主语匹配 am/is/are，being永远不变形 单数/不可数名词→ is being done 复数名词 → are being done 第一人称I → am being done 4. 单元话题拓展例句 1. Many traditional festivals are being protected by local people now. （许多传统节日此刻正在被当地人保护。） 2. The old customs are being changed gradually with social development. （这些古老习俗正随着社会发展慢慢发生改变。） 3. A new traditional culture show is being held in our school these days. （近期一场传统文化展演正在我校举办。） 4. Local folk art is being passed down by more and more young people. （民间艺术正被越来越多的年轻人传承下去。） 5. Traditional costumes are being shown to foreign visitors at the moment. （传统服饰此刻正展示给外国游客观赏。） 6. Teenagers are being encouraged to learn traditional manners nowadays. （如今青少年正被鼓励学习传统礼仪。） 5. 专属时间标志词 「此时此刻、现阶段」：now, right now, at present, nowadays, these days, currently, look!, listen! 看到以上标志词，直接锁定现在进行时被动语态。 三、现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been done） 1. 核心定义与时态本质 现在完成时被动语态，核心两层含义： 1)动作已经被完成，发生在过去，但对现在产生持续影响； 2)动作从过去开始，持续到现在，至今仍存在被动状态。 时态区分：区别于过去时被动，不强调过去时间点，只强调对现在的结果与影响。 表示动作已经被完成，对现在造成影响；或动作从过去持续到现在。侧重风俗、文化、传统“至今已经被……”。 2. 完整句型结构精细拆解 肯定句：主语+ have/has(完成时态助动词)+ been(被动语态固定变形)+过去分词 否定句：主语+ have/has + not been +过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+ been +过去分词？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + Have/Has +主语+ been +过去分词？ 结构核心逻辑：have/has 负责「完成时态」，been 保留被动语态的be属性，过去分词承载动作含义。 3. 重难点、高频易错点深度解析 ✅ 必考禁忌：been 绝对不可省略！被动语态必须保留be动词变形，完成被动无been为绝对错误句式。 单数名词、不可数名词、第三人称单数(it/this custom) → has been done 复数名词、第一二人称(we/you/they) → have been done ✅ 时态搭配规则： A. for+一段时间;since+时间点 →动作持续至今，必用完成被动 B. so far、in recent years →截止目前的结果，必用完成被动 ❌ 典型错误：This tradition has followed for years. ✅ 正确：This tradition has been followed for years. 4. 单元话题拓展例句（分层场景） 1. Many ancient traditions have been preserved well by local people. （许多古老传统至今已被当地人完好保存。） 2. This custom has been followed for hundreds of years. （这项习俗已经被世人沿用数百年。） 3. A lot of traditional food cultures have been introduced to the world. （许多传统饮食文化已经被传播到世界各地。） 4. The local festival has never been forgotten by generations. （这个地方节日从未被历代人们遗忘。） 5. Many old temples have been rebuilt in the past few years. （许多古寺庙在近几年已经被重建。） 6. Traditional values have been spread widely across the country. （传统价值观已经在全国广泛传播。） 5. 专属时间标志词 「截止目前、持续至今」：already, yet, recently, lately, so far, for+时间段, since+时间点, in the past few years, over the years, till now 解题技巧：出现以上关键词，直接排除进行被动，锁定现在完成时被动语态。 四、两大被动语态核心对比 1. am/is/are being done（现在进行被动） 核心侧重：动态过程、正在进行、临时状态，动作未结束，强调当下正在发生。 The traditional art is being learned by students now. （传统技艺此刻正被学生学习—过程中） 2. have/has been done（现在完成被动） 核心侧重：动作完成、结果留存、影响至今，动作已结束，强调对现在的意义。 The traditional art has been learned by many students. （传统技艺已经被很多人学习——成果留存） 终极做题区分口诀： 有now/these days/look → 进行被动（being） 有so far/since/recently → 完成被动（been） 五、通用被动语态易错大总结 1. 无被动特殊动词（必考）：不及物动词永远没有被动语态，对应本单元文化活动场景：happen（发生）, take place（举行）, appear（出现）, last（延续）, break out（爆发）。 例：The festival takes place every year.（正确，无被动） 2. to 的还原规则：make/let/have 等使役动词、感官动词，主动语态省略to，改为被动语态必须还原to。 3. 结构核心区分：进行被动必带 being，完成被动必带 been，两个后缀绝不混用、绝不省略。 【配套练习题】 大题一：用所给单词的正确形式填空 根据语境，使用现在进行时被动或现在完成时被动填空。 1. Nowadays, many traditional skills ________ (protect) by the government. 2. So far, a lot of old customs ________ (pass) down from generation to generation. 3. Look! A traditional folk dance ________ (perform) on the stage now. 4. Many traditional festivals ________ (change) in recent years. 5. This special tradition ________ (keep) alive for over two hundred years. 6. At present, more local cultures ________ (introduce) to foreign visitors. 7. Many ancient buildings ________ (repair) these days. 8. Lots of traditional stories ________ (tell) to children since last century. 9. Now new cultural activities ________ (organize) in our community. 10. This unique custom ________ (never forget) by local people. 11. Traditional food culture ________ (value) more and more nowadays. 12. Many cultural relics ________ (save) so far. 13. Listen! Traditional music ________ (play) in the hall. 14. A number of traditional crafts ________ (teach) in schools recently. 15. The old festival tradition ________ (still follow) by young people now. 16. Many cultural differences ________ (notice) by people in the past few years. 17. Right now, a cultural exhibition ________ (hold) in the city museum. 18. Most traditional rules ________ (respect) for a long time. 19. Some old traditions ________ (give) new meanings nowadays. 20. Since 2000, many folk arts ________ (develop) quickly. 21. Look! Traditional costumes ________ (show) to the tourists. 22. Till now, no traditional culture ________ (destroy) in this area. 23. More cultural resources ________ (discover) at present. 24. Many traditional habits ________ (improve) in modern society. 25. This cultural festival ________ (celebrate) every year since 1990. 26. Now teenagers ________ (encourage) to learn traditional culture. 27. So far many old temples ________ (rebuild) successfully. 28. Traditional manners ________ (still teach) in many families these days. 29. A new cultural program ________ (develop) to protect local traditions now. 30. Many traditional values ________ (spread) widely over the years. 大题二：单项选择题 1. Look! Many traditional works of art ______ in the hall now. A. are showing B. are being shown C. have shown D. were shown 2. So far, many old customs ______ by modern people. A. have been kept B. are kept C. were kept D. are being kept 3. Nowadays, traditional culture ______ more and more attention. A. is being paid B. pays C. has paid D. was paid 4. This special tradition ______ for hundreds of years. A. is followed B. has been followed C. was followed D. is being followed 5. Listen! A traditional folk song ______. A. is sung B. has been sung C. is being sung D. was sung 6. Many ancient buildings ______ these days, so they look new. A. are being repaired B. have repaired C. are repairing D. repaired 7. In the past few years, many traditional skills ______. A. have been preserved B. are preserved C. were preserving D. are being preserved 8. Right now, a wonderful traditional performance ______ in our school. A. holds B. is held C. is being held D. has been held 9. This cultural festival ______ every year since 2010. A. is celebrated B. was celebrated C. has been celebrated D. is being celebrated 10. Some old traditions ______ new meanings nowadays. A. are being given B. have given C. give D. gave 11. So far, no local custom ______ in this town. A. has been forgotten B. is forgotten C. was forgotten D. is being forgotten 12. More young people ______ to learn traditional culture now. A. are encouraged B. are being encouraged C. have encouraged D. encouraged 13. Many traditional stories ______ to children for many years. A. are told B. have been told C. were told D. are being told 14. At present, more cultural resources ______ by researchers. A. are discovered B. have discovered C. are being discovered D. were discovered 15. Traditional food culture ______ greatly in recent years. A. has been developed B. is developed C. was developed D. is being developed 16. Look! Traditional costumes ______ by the students. A. are wearing B. are being worn C. have been worn D. were worn 17. Many cultural relics ______ well since last decade. A. are protected B. were protected C. have been protected D. are being protected 18. A new plan to protect traditions ______ right now. A. is made B. is being made C. has been made D. was made 19. Most local customs ______ still ______ by local people nowadays. A. are; followed B. have; been followed C. are; being followed D. were; followed 20. Many traditional art forms ______ widely so far. A. spread B. have been spread C. are being spread D. were spread 大题三：汉译英句子翻译 要求：根据句意，正确使用现在进行被动 / 现在完成被动语态翻译。 1. 如今，许多传统文化正在被年轻人传承。 _______________________________________________ 2. 数百年来，这项古老习俗一直被人们遵守。 _______________________________________________ 3. 看！一场传统民俗活动正在学校举办。 _______________________________________________ 4. 近年来，许多传统技艺已经被很好地保护。 _______________________________________________ 5. 现在越来越多的本土文化正被介绍给全世界。 _______________________________________________ 6. 迄今为止，没有任何一项本地传统被遗忘。 _______________________________________________ 7. 目前，许多古老建筑正在被修缮。 _______________________________________________ 8. 自2000年以来，大量传统故事已经被讲述给孩子们。 _______________________________________________ 9. 当下，青少年正被鼓励学习传统礼仪。 _______________________________________________ 10. 这些传统节日在过去十年里已经被赋予了新的意义。 _______________________________________________ Keys 一、单词正确形式填空 1. are being protected 2. have been passed 3. is being performed 4. have been changed 5. has been kept 6. are being introduced 7. are being repaired 8. have been told 9. are being organized 10. has never been forgotten 11. is being valued 12. have been saved 13. is being played 14. have been taught 15. is still being followed 16. have been noticed 17. is being held 18. have been respected 19. are being given 20. have been developed 21. are being shown 22. has been destroyed 23. are being discovered 24. are being improved 25. has been celebrated 26. are being encouraged 27. have been rebuilt 28. are still being taught 29. is being developed 30. have been spread 二、单项选择题 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 三、汉译英 标准答案 1. Nowadays, many traditional cultures are being passed down by young people. 2. This ancient custom has been followed by people for hundreds of years. 3. Look! A traditional folk activity is being held in the school. 4. In recent years, many traditional skills have been well protected. 5. Now more and more local cultures are being introduced to the whole world. 6. So far, none of the local traditions have been forgotten. 7. At present, many ancient buildings are being repaired. 8. Since 2000, plenty of traditional stories have been told to children. 9. Nowadays, teenagers are being encouraged to learn traditional manners. 10. These traditional festivals have been given new meanings in the past ten years. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $