Unit 2 Great ideas 单元自测2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 沪教版九年级上册Unit 2 "Great ideas"单元自测卷，以中外重大发明史为情境载体，融合语法、阅读、写作等多维度技能考查，适配单元复习需求，有效提升学生语言能力与文化意识。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|15题/15分|时态、语态、连词等|以毕昇活字印刷为情境，考查语法在真实语篇中的应用| |完形填空|10题/10分|词汇辨析、上下文连贯|围绕蔡伦造纸术，体现问题解决与创新思维| |阅读|35分（含3节）|细节理解、推理判断、信息匹配|涵盖雨伞、零概念等发明史，融合跨文化内容与逻辑思维| |书面表达|1题/15分|说明性写作|要求描述发明解决的难题及影响，提升综合语言输出能力|

Unit 2 Great ideas 单元自测2026-2027学年九年级上册新教材沪教版 学校：___________ 班级：___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、语法选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Bi Sheng was a common printer during the Song Dynasty, but his invention changed the world. Before his time, books 1______ by carving whole pages onto wooden blocks. This process was slow and 2_____ wood. Bi Sheng thought there had to be a better way. One day, while watching a potter make cups, he 3_____ a brilliant idea. He made individual characters from clay, 4_____ them hard in a kiln, and arranged them on an iron plate to print. Once the printing was done, the characters could 5_____ apart and reused. Bi Sheng’s movable type was 6_____ revolutionary that it greatly improved printing efficiency. His method 7_____ by Shen Kuo, a famous scientist, who recorded it in his book Dream Pool Essays. Without this record, Bi Sheng’s great idea 8_____ forgotten. Today, we 9_____ Bi Sheng as one of the greatest inventors in Chinese history. His story teaches us that great ideas can come from anyone, no matter 10 _____background they have. 11_____ Bi Sheng lived over 1,000 years ago, his invention still influences us. Modern printers and even 3D printing technology can trace their roots back 12_____ his simple but powerful idea. We should never stop 13 _____new ways to solve old problems. If we keep our minds open, we might just come up with the next idea that 14_____ the world. Remember, every great invention starts with someone saying, “15_____ if we try this differently?” 1. A. make B. made C. were made D. are made 2. A. waste B. wasted C. wasteful D. wasting 3. A. has B. had C. have D. having 4. A. bake B. baked C. baking D. to bake 5. A. take B. took C. be taken D. taking 6. A. such B. so C. very D. too 7. A. notices B. noticed C. was noticed D. is noticed 8. A. may be B. might be C. might have been D. should be 9. A. remember B. remembers C. remembering D. remembered 10. A. what B. which C. whose D. how 11. A. Because B. Although C. If D. Unless 12. A. to B. from C. in D. at 13. A. look for B. looking for C. look D. looking 14. A. change B. changes C. changed D. changing 15. A. Why B. How C. What D. Where 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper was very expensive and hard to make. The only writing materials available were bamboo slips and silk, which were either too heavy or too costly. Cai Lun, an official in the imperial court, believed he could find a 16_____ solution. He spent years experimenting with different materials. Instead of using only silk fibers, he tried plant fibers from mulberry bark, hemp, rags, and even fishing nets. After many 17_____, he finally developed a new pulping method. He mashed these materials into a pulp, spread it thinly on a bamboo mat, and let it 18_____ in the sun. The result was a lightweight, thin, and durable sheet of paper. Cai Lun presented his new paper to Emperor He in 105 A D. The emperor was so 19_____ that he ordered the method to be spread across the country. This new paper was 20_____ cheaper to produce than silk, making writing accessible to more people, not just the rich. The invention of paper 21_____ the way for the spread of knowledge. Books could be copied faster and distributed farther. Without Cai Lun’s innovative idea, many great works of Chinese literature might have been 22_____. His invention didn’t just solve a practical problem; it changed the course of human civilization. Today, we 23_____ Cai Lun as a pioneer whose creativity made the world more connected. His story reminds us that sometimes, the simplest ideas—like turning trash into treasure—can be the most 24_____. We should always be willing to experiment and think 25_____ the box. 16. A. better B. worse C. easier D. faster 17. A. successes B. failures C. attempts D. experiments 18. A. dry B. freeze C. melt D. burn 19. A. disappointed B. impressed C. worried D. confused 20. A. much B. more C. most D. many 21. A. paved B. blocked C. lost D. found 22. A. written B. lost C. read D. saved 23. A. forget B. remember C. misunderstand D. ignore 24. A. complicated B. expensive C. powerful D. useless 25. A. inside B. outside C. through D. across 三、阅读（共2节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A Have you ever wondered who invented the umbrella? The umbrella is one of the oldest and most useful inventions, yet its origins are unclear. We do know that it was first used in ancient Egypt, Assyria, and China over 4,000 years ago. In ancient times, umbrellas were not primarily for keeping dry; they were symbols of status and power. Kings and nobles used them to shield themselves from the sun. The first waterproof umbrellas, however, appeared in China during the Zhou Dynasty. These early umbrellas were made of silk or oiled paper stretched over a bamboo frame. They were heavy and expensive, but they worked. The Chinese also developed a collapsible umbrella, which could be folded up when not in use—a design feature we still use today. It wasn’t until the 16th century that umbrellas became popular in Europe. At first, people thought they were silly and unnecessary. Men, in particular, refused to carry them, considering them women’s accessories. However, a man named Jonas Hanway changed that. He carried an umbrella everywhere he went in London for 30 years, despite being mocked. Eventually, people realized how practical it was, and the umbrella became a common sight. Today, the umbrella is an essential item worldwide. From blocking rain to providing shade, it serves many purposes. Its simple design—a canopy on a stick—has remained largely unchanged for centuries. The next time you open an umbrella, remember that you’re using a piece of technology that has been refined over thousands of years. It’s a great idea that truly stood the test of time. 26. What was the primary use of umbrellas in ancient times? A. To keep dry in the rain. B. To shield from the sun. C. To decorate homes. D. To signal for help. 27. What was a key feature of the Chinese umbrella during the Zhou Dynasty? A. It was made of metal. B. It was collapsible. C. It was very cheap. D. It was used only by soldiers. 28. Why did European men initially refuse to carry umbrellas? A. They thought umbrellas were too heavy. B. They believed umbrellas were fragile. C. They saw umbrellas as women’s items. D. They didn’t like the colors of umbrellas. 29. What can we infer about Jonas Hanway? A. He was a fashion designer. B. He was a weather forecaster. C. He was a persistent promoter of the umbrella. D. He was a critic of new inventions. 30. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history and evolution of the umbrella. B. How to make a waterproof umbrella. C. The differences between Eastern and Western umbrellas. D. Why umbrellas are popular in London. B Margaret E. Knight was an American inventor in the 19th century, often called the “Lady Edison.” Born in 1838, she showed an early talent for mechanics. When she was just 12 years old, she witnessed a factory accident and decided to invent a safety device to prevent it from happening again. This device, a shuttle guard for textile looms, was widely adopted, though she didn’t patent it at the time. Her most famous invention came later. While working in a paper bag factory, she noticed that the bags being produced were flat and couldn’t stand up on their own. Grocers had to hold them while customers filled them, which was inefficient. Knight believed there had to be a better way. She spent months designing a machine that could cut, fold, and glue paper to create flat-bottomed bags—the kind we still use today. However, when she applied for a patent, a man named Charles Annan claimed he had invented the machine first. He argued that a woman couldn’t possibly design such a complex device. Knight fought back. In court, she presented her detailed notebooks and sketches, proving that her design was original. She won the case in 1871 and was granted the patent. Knight went on to invent over 80 other devices, including a window frame, a sole-cutting machine for shoes, and improvements to internal combustion engines. She broke barriers in a male-dominated field and proved that innovation knows no gender. Her flat-bottomed paper bag machine revolutionized the packaging industry and made shopping easier for millions. Margaret Knight’s legacy is not just her inventions, but her determination to overcome prejudice and bring her great ideas to life. 31. What was Margaret Knight’s first invention? A. The flat-bottomed paper bag machine. B. A safety device for textile looms. C. A window frame. D. A sole-cutting machine. 32. What problem did Knight’s most famous invention solve? A. It made paper bags cheaper to produce. B. It allowed paper bags to stand upright. C. It sped up the process of bagging groceries. D. It made paper bags waterproof. 33. Why did Charles Annan claim he invented the paper bag machine? A. He had stolen Knight’s sketches. B. He believed women were not capable inventors. C. He had patented a similar device earlier. D. He had worked with Knight in the factory. 34. How did Knight prove the machine was hers in court? A. She paid witnesses to testify for her. B. She demonstrated how the machine worked. C. She presented her notebooks and sketches. D. She hired a lawyer to argue her case. 35. What is the main message of the passage? A. Inventing is a risky business. B. Women are better inventors than men. C. Determination can overcome prejudice. D. Patents are difficult to obtain. C The concept of “zero” might seem simple today, but it was a revolutionary idea in ancient mathematics. For thousands of years, civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans did not have a symbol for zero. They could count and perform basic arithmetic, but without zero, advanced mathematics was nearly impossible. The story of zero begins in ancient India. Indian mathematicians, particularly Brahmagupta in the 7th century, were the first to formalize the concept of zero as both a placeholder and a number in its own right. In the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, zero acts as a placeholder in numbers like 101, indicating that there are no tens. More importantly, Brahmagupta defined the rules for arithmetic involving zero: adding zero to a number leaves it unchanged, and subtracting zero has the same effect. He even tackled the tricky concept of dividing by zero, though his understanding was not entirely correct by modern standards. This idea didn’t stay in India. Through trade and scholarly exchanges, it spread to the Islamic world. Persian mathematicians like Al-Khwarizmi wrote books explaining the Hindu numeral system, including zero. These works were later translated into Latin and introduced to Europe in the Middle Ages. Initially, European scholars were suspicious of zero. Some thought it was a tool of the devil because it represented “nothing.” However, its utility in commerce and science eventually won out. The adoption of zero transformed mathematics. It enabled the development of algebra, calculus, and computer science. Without zero, we wouldn’t have digital technology, as binary code (0s and 1s) is the foundation of all computing. Zero is more than just a number; it’s a concept that changed how humans understand the universe. It reminds us that sometimes, the most profound ideas are about what isn’t there. 36. Why was zero an important invention? A. It made counting easier. B. It allowed for advanced mathematics. C. It replaced Roman numerals. D. It was used in ancient trade. 37. Who was the first to formalize the concept of zero? A. Egyptian mathematicians. B. Greek philosophers. C. Indian mathematicians like Brahmagupta. D. Roman engineers. 38. How did zero spread from India to Europe? A. Through military conquest. B. Via trade and scholarly translations. C. It was carried by explorers. D. European scholars visited India directly. 39. What was the initial reaction to zero in Europe? A. It was immediately accepted. B. It was seen as suspicious or evil. C. It was ignored by scholars. D. It was used only in churches. 40. What is the significance of zero in modern technology? A. It is used in chemical formulas. B. It is the basis of binary code in computing. C. It helps in architectural designs. D. It is essential for medical imaging. 第二节 阅读填空（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The refrigerator is a common appliance in every home today, but its invention was a game-changer for food preservation. Before refrigerators, people used iceboxes, which were insulated containers filled with large blocks of ice. These were inefficient and required frequent delivery of ice, which was expensive. The journey to the modern refrigerator began in the 18th century with the discovery of refrigeration principles. 41_____ He designed a machine that used a pump to create a vacuum over a container of ether, causing the ether to boil and absorb heat from the surrounding air, thus cooling it. However, Evans’ idea was never built. It wasn’t until the mid-19th century that practical refrigeration machines were developed. 42_____ He developed a vapor-compression system using ammonia as a coolant. His machine was first used to cool beer in breweries, but it paved the way for domestic refrigerators. Early refrigerators were large, dangerous, and expensive. They used toxic gases like ammonia, methyl chloride, and sulfur dioxide as refrigerants. 43_____ In the 1920s, engineers began searching for safer alternatives. This led to the development of Freon by Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team in 1928. Freon was non-toxic, non-flammable, and highly effective, making household refrigerators much safer. 44_____ Mass production began in the 1930s, and by the 1950s, owning a refrigerator was a standard part of middle-class life. Today, refrigerators are more efficient and environmentally friendly than ever. 45_____ It allowed people to store food for longer periods, reducing waste and changing diets worldwide. From preserving seasonal fruits to enabling global food transport, the refrigerator is a great idea that truly cooled the world. A. Oliver Evans, an American inventor, first proposed the idea of a refrigerator in 1805. B. Jacob Perkins, known as the “father of the refrigerator,” built the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834. C. Leaks could cause serious injuries or even death. D. The invention of the refrigerator had a huge impact on society. E. The first commercial refrigerators were sold in the 1910s, but they were still too costly for average families. F. Modern refrigerators use smart technology to adjust temperature automatically. 四、阅读匹配（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 下面材料A~F分别是六个人物传记介绍。根据五位同学的需求，选择最合适的人物传记。 Students’ Needs 46. _____Anna is interested in environmental protection. She wants to read about a scientist who studied nature and developed sustainable ideas. 47._____ Ben loves space exploration. He wants to learn about an engineer whose ideas helped launch satellites. 48. _____Cindy is good at drawing. She hopes to find a biography about an artist who combined science and art in his work. 49._____ David is curious about medicine. He wants to read about a researcher who developed life-saving vaccines. 50. _____Ella enjoys stories about brave women. She wants to read about a female pilot who broke records. Biographies A. Marie Curie: The Pioneer of Radioactivity. This book tells the story of the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Her discovery of radium changed medicine forever. B. Leonardo da Vinci: The Genius Who Saw the Future. Explore the life of the ultimate Renaissance man. His detailed sketches of flying machines inspired generations of engineers. C. Rachel Carson: The Woman Who Challenged the World. Learn about the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring sparked the modern environmental movement. D. Wernher von Braun: Rocket Scientist. This biography covers the life of the engineer who developed the Saturn V rocket that sent Apollo missions to the moon. E. Amelia Earhart: The Sky’s No Limit. Read about the courageous aviator who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. F. Edward Jenner: Conqueror of Smallpox. Discover how a country doctor’s curiosity led to the development of the world’s first vaccine. 五、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，回答问题，每题答案不超过8个词。 The Post-it Note is one of the most recognizable office supplies in the world, but it was invented by accident. In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a chemist at 3M Company, was trying to develop a super-strong adhesive for use in aircraft construction. Instead, he created a “low-tack” adhesive—one that stuck lightly to surfaces but could be easily removed without leaving residue. Silver was excited about his discovery, but for five years, no one at 3M could figure out a practical use for it. The adhesive was seen as a failure because it wasn’t strong enough. However, Silver didn’t give up. He gave talks and demonstrations within the company, hoping someone would see its potential. That someone was Art Fry, a colleague of Silver’s who sang in a church choir. Fry was frustrated because the slips of paper he used as bookmarks in his hymnal kept falling out. He remembered Silver’s adhesive and thought, “What if I coat these slips with that sticky stuff?” In 1974, Fry created the first prototype of the Post-it Note. He wrote on it, stuck it to a page, and it stayed put. When he removed it, the page was undamaged. Initially, 3M was hesitant to market the product. They thought nobody would want a note that didn’t stick permanently. But after a successful test run in offices, where employees loved the convenience, Post-it Notes were officially launched in 1980. Today, billions are sold annually. The story of the Post-it Note proves that accidents can lead to brilliant ideas if you have the creativity to see their value. 51. What was Spencer Silver originally trying to develop? 52. Why was the adhesive considered a failure at first? 53. What problem did Art Fry face with his hymnal bookmarks? 54. How did Fry use Silver’s adhesive to solve his problem? 55. What does the story of the Post-it Note teach us? 六、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。 The compass is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. Its invention 56 _____(change) the history of navigation forever. Before the compass, sailors had to rely on the stars and landmarks to find their way, which was dangerous and unreliable, especially on cloudy days or at night. The earliest form of the compass was called the “south-pointing spoon” or sinan. It was made of lodestone, a naturally magnetized iron ore. The spoon was placed on a 57 _____(smooth) bronze plate, and its handle always pointed south. This device 58_____ (invent) during the Han Dynasty and was used for divination and fortune-telling at first. It wasn’t until the Song Dynasty that the compass began to be used for navigation. Sailors discovered that by rubbing an iron needle with lodestone, they could magnetize it and make it point south. This 59_____ (simple) needle compass was much more portable and practical for use on ships. With this technology, Chinese sailors could venture far into the open sea, leading to the great voyages of Zheng He in the 15th century. The compass spread to the Arab world and Europe 60_____ the Silk Road. European explorers like Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan used compasses on their historic journeys. Without this simple yet brilliant idea, the Age of Discovery might never 61_____ (happen). Today, while we use digital GPS, the magnetic compass remains 62 _____reliable backup tool. It is a testament to how a great idea, born from observing nature, can guide humanity forward. We should always be curious about the world around us, for the next great invention might be 63 _____(hide) in plain sight. The compass reminds us that sometimes, the smallest ideas can have the 64_____ (big) impact. Let’s continue to explore, innovate, and make our own contributions to the world. Who knows? Maybe your idea 65 _____(be) the next one to change history! 七、书面表达（15分） 从古至今，许多伟大的创意都源于人们遇到的难题。为锻炼同学们叙事与说明类写作能力，英语课开展写作练习。请你选取一个知名伟大创意，以 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives 为题写一篇英语短文。 内容必须包含： 1. 当时人们亟待解决的难题是什么； 2. 是谁想出这个绝妙创意； 3. 这个创意是什么、如何解决了难题； 4. 该创意对人类生活带来的深远影响。 注意： 1. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名； 2. 行文流畅，句式多样，词数 80–100 词。 A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及解析 一、语法选择 1-5 CCBBC 6-10 BDCAC 11-15 BABBC 二、完形填空 16-20 ADABA 21-25 ABBCB 三、阅读理解 第一节 26-30 BBCAA 31-35 BBBCC 36-40 BCBBB 第二节 41-45 ABCEF (F为多余项) 四、阅读匹配 46-50 CDBAE 五、任务型阅读 51. A super-strong adhesive. 52. It wasn’t strong enough. 53. They kept falling out. 54. By coating slips with it. 55. Accidents can lead to great ideas. 六、语法填空 56. changed/has changed 57. smooth 58. was invented 59. simple 60. via/through 61. have happened 62. a 63. hidden 64. biggest 65. will be/may be 七、书面表达（参考范文） A Brilliant Idea That Changed Lives Before the invention of electric light, people relied on candles and oil lamps, which were dim and dangerous. Thomas Edison, a persistent inventor, came up with the brilliant idea of creating a long-lasting electric bulb. He tested thousands of materials for the filament before finally using carbonized bamboo. This simple yet powerful idea solved the problem of poor lighting, allowing factories to operate at night and extending productive hours. Moreover, it made streets safer and homes brighter. Today, electric lighting is indispensable in our lives. Edison’s creativity and perseverance truly illuminated the world and proved that a single great idea can brighten the future for all humanity. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $