Unit5写作训练 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

科技发明 · 话题写作 Unit 5 Power of Ideas · 写作专项 · 学生版 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 一、写作主题 题目：Write About a Great Invention 选择一项你感兴趣的伟大发明，写一篇 80-120 词的英语短文，介绍它的发明者、发明时间、发明原因、材料/制作方法以及它对世界的影响。要求至少使用 3 处被动语态。 体裁 人称 时态 字数 语法重点 说明文（expository writing） 第三人称（it/they） 过去（描述发明过程）+ 现在（描述影响和用途） 80-120 词 被动语态 ≥ 3 处 （am/is/are + done / was/were + done / can be + done） 课本依据 本题对应课本 P56 写作任务：Choose a great invention → research → make notes → write。 五要素：① 发明者+时间 ② 发明原因 ③ 材料/制作方法 ④ 发明困难 ⑤ 发明影响 二、素材工坊 — 写前必填 先填表再动笔。写不出来 = 没想清楚。中英文混填也可以。 要素 你的素材（关键词/短语即可） 课本参考（造纸术） 发明名称 Paper / Papermaking 发明者 + 时间 Cai Lun, 105 CE, Eastern Han Dynasty 发明原因 （解决了什么问题？） Writing materials were heavy and expensive. A cheap and light material was needed. 材料 / 制作方法 （3-4步简述） bark, plants, old clothes → mixed & boiled → poured over screen → dried & pressed 发明影响 （至少写两点） ① led to rapid increase in books ② knowledge could be spread more easily ③ speeded up cultural development 三、精读导入 — 在阅读中学写作 3.1 读短文，完成三个任务 任务：① 理解大意 ② 用下划线标出所有被动语态 ③ 圈出可用于写作的句型 Can you imagine a world without paper? All books, newspapers and magazines depend on one invention — papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, wood, bamboo and even silk. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in solving this problem. He got the idea that bark, certain plants and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable for writing. In Cai Lun's experiment, first, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. Later, the papermaking technique speeded up the development of Chinese culture and changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. （字数：约 250 词 | 来源：课本 P53-54，有删改） 3.2 被动语态寻踪 — 找出 8 处并归类 短文中共有 8 处以上被动语态。找出它们，按结构类型填入下表。 序号 被动语态句子（摘抄关键词即可） 结构类型（勾选） 1 were used to write on ☐ am/is/are + done ☑ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 2 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 3 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 4 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 5 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 6 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 7 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 8 ☐ am/is/are + done ☐ was/were + done ☐ can be + done 3.3 句型提取 — 从阅读到写作 把你在短文中找到的句子，按写作功能分类填入下表。这是从「读懂」到「会写」的关键一步。 写作功能 短文原句（摘抄） 提炼句型模板 描述材料用途 many different materials were used to write on ______ was/were used to ______ 描述制作过程① ______ was/were + 过去分词 描述制作过程② ______ was/were + 过去分词 (+ and + 过去分词) 描述结果/影响① ______ led to / resulted in ______ 描述结果/影响② ______ speeded up ______ 四、写作工具箱 4.1 发明话题核心词汇分类 写到「发明」不要只会 invent。按下表分类选词，每类至少用一个。 类别 基础词（避免只用这些） 升级词（用这些！） 例句片段 发明/创造 invent, make create, design, develop, produce Paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 发明者/产物 inventor, invention creator, creation, designer, product Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. 材料 thing, stuff material, ingredient, fibre, liquid Paper is made from bark, plants and old clothes. 过程动词 make, do mix, boil, beat, pour, dry, press The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 影响/变化 change, make...better lead to, result in, speed up, spread The invention led to a rapid increase in books. 评价 good, important great, useful, widely used, suitable Paper is widely used all over the world today. 4.2 被动语态写作句型 — 发明介绍专用 以下 10 个句型覆盖了发明介绍的全部表达需求。★★★ 是满分区分点。 功能 句型模板 示例 难度 引出主题 ______ is one of the greatest inventions in ______. Paper is one of the greatest inventions in Chinese history. ★★ 发明信息 ______ was invented / created by ______ in ______. The radio was invented by Marconi in the 1890s. ★★ 发明原因 Before ______ was invented, people had to ______. Before paper was invented, people had to write on heavy bamboo. ★★★ 材料① ______ is made of / from ______. The glasses are made of plastic and metal. ★★ 材料② ______ was / were used to make ______. Bark and old clothes were used to make paper. ★★ 制作过程 First, ______ is/was ______. Then, ______ is/was ______. First, the ingredients are mixed. Then, the liquid is poured over a screen. ★★★ 功能用途 ______ is used for / to ______. The 3D printer is used for making models. ★★ 影响① ______ led to / resulted in ______. The invention of paper led to more books being produced. ★★★ 影响② Because of ______, ______ could be ______. Because of the radio, news could be spread in seconds. ★★★ 总结评价 Today, ______ is widely used ______. Today, sticky notes are widely used all over the world. ★★ 4.3 连接词 — 让文章有节奏 不要把所有句子写成孤立的简单句。用以下连接词让文章流畅。 功能 连接词/短语 使用位置 转折（问题→解决） However, But 描述旧材料的缺点 → 引出新发明的动机 顺序（制作过程） First, ... Then, ... Next, ... Finally, ... 描述发明的制作步骤 因果（发明→影响） Because of..., ... led to..., ... resulted in... 描述发明带来的变化和影响 时间推移 Later, Today, Now, In the past 从发明时代过渡到现代 递进/补充 also, not only... but also..., more importantly 追加发明的第二、第三个影响 总结 It is truly..., Without..., ...would... 结尾段总结发明的意义 中考加分技巧 ① 被动语态用 3-4 处最佳——太少显得句式单一，太多显得刻意堆砌 ② 穿插 1-2 个 with 短语开头（如 With the development of...），句式更高级 ③ 过去分词拼写是扣分重灾区——invented, created, designed, produced, developed 必须拼对 五、范文拆解 — 造纸术 阅读范文，完成：① 标出五要素分别在第几段 ② 圈出所有被动语态 ③ 找出你最喜欢的 2 个句型。 Paper is one of the greatest inventions in Chinese history. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (105 CE). Before paper was invented, people in ancient China wrote on bamboo, wood and silk. However, these materials were heavy and expensive. A cheap and light material for writing was badly needed. Paper is made from bark, certain plants and old clothes. First, all the ingredients are mixed and boiled in water. Then, the material is beaten and cut up. Next, the liquid is poured over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre is dried and pressed to form paper. The invention of paper changed the world in many ways. It led to a rapid increase in the number of books. Because of paper, knowledge could be spread to different countries much more easily. It also speeded up the development of Chinese culture. Today, paper is widely used all over the world. The basic method created by Cai Lun is still used today. It is truly an invention that shaped our modern world. （正文字数：约 174 词 | 被动语态：8 处） 范文结构分析 段落 内容要素 核心句型 被动语态 Para 1 ① 基本信息（发明+发明者+时间） is one of... / was invented by... in... was invented ✓ Para 2 ② 发明原因（之前的问题+需求） Before...was invented... / was needed was invented ✓ / was needed ✓ Para 3 ③ 材料+④ 制作过程 is made from... / are mixed... / is poured... are mixed ✓ / is beaten ✓ / is poured ✓ / is dried ✓ Para 4 ⑤ 发明影响（至少两点） changed... / led to... / could be spread... could be spread ✓ Para 5 总结评价 is widely used... / is still used... is used ✓ / is used ✓ 范文亮点 ① 五要素完整，一段一功能 ② 被动语态 8 处，自然融入不刻意 ③ 句式多样化：is one of... / Before... / However, ... / Because of... / Today, ... ④ 时间线清晰：ancient → 105 CE → later → today ⑤ 首尾呼应（greatest → truly） 六、写作框架 — 五步搭骨架，再填血肉 Para 1 · 开头 — 基本信息（≈18 词） ______ is one of the greatest inventions in ______ (地点/领域). It was invented / created by ______ (发明者) in ______ (时间). Para 2 · 原因 — 为何发明（≈22 词） Before ______ was invented, people had to ______ (原来的做法). However, ______ (原来的问题). A new ______ (解决方案) was needed. Para 3 · 过程 — 材料与方法（≈28 词） ______ is made of / from ______ (材料). First, ______ (步骤1). Then, ______ (步骤2). Next, ______ (步骤3). Finally, ______ (步骤4). Para 4 · 影响 — 改变了什么（≈28 词） The invention of ______ changed ______ (对象) in many ways. It led to ______ (影响1). Because of ______, ______ could be ______ (影响2). Para 5 · 总结 — 评价与展望（≈18 词） Today, ______ is widely used ______ (范围). It is truly an invention that ______ (总结意义). 字数分配提醒 P1≈18 + P2≈22 + P3≈28 + P4≈28 + P5≈18 = 114 词，正好在 80-120 区间。 不够 80 词？P3 或 P4 段各加一句细节。超 120 词？砍掉重复修饰，保持简洁。 七、分层练习 练习一：被动语态造句 ★ （6 题） 把下列中文句子翻译成英文，每句必须使用被动语态。 1. 纸是由蔡伦在公元105年发明的。 提示：(Paper / invent / by / Cai Lun / in 105 CE) 2. 在纸发明之前，人们在竹简和丝绸上写字。 提示：(Before / paper / invent / people / write on / bamboo and silk) 3. 收音机是由一位意大利发明家马可尼研发的。 提示：(radio / develop / by / Marconi / an Italian inventor) 4. 首先，所有原料被混合并在水中煮沸。 提示：(First / all the ingredients / mix and boil / in water) 5. 由于这项发明，新闻可以在几秒钟内传遍世界。 提示：(Because of / the invention / news / can / spread / around the world / in seconds) 6. 今天，便利贴被广泛用于全世界。 提示：(Today / sticky notes / widely / use / all over the world) 练习二：段落写作 ⭐⭐ （写一个约 40 词的段落） 从以下两个任务中任选一个，写一个段落。 任务 A：描述造纸术的制作过程（材料 + 4 步），至少用 2 处被动语态。 任务 B：描述一项发明的两项重要影响，使用 led to / resulted in / because of。 我选任务 _____ 我的段落： 练习三：完整作文 ⭐⭐⭐ 题目：Write About a Great Invention 要求：80-120 词 / 五要素齐全 / 至少 3 处被动语态 / 句式多样化 / 用至少 2 个连接词 可选发明（均为课本 U5 涉及内容）： A. 纸（Paper） B. 收音机（The Radio） C. 便利贴（Sticky Notes） D. 飞机（The Plane） 我选的发明：______________ 八、写后自检清单 写完作文后，逐条检查。每项通过打 ✓。全部 ✓ 再交给老师。 □ 1. 内容完整：五个要素（谁发明/何时/为何/材料与过程/影响）都写到了吗？ □ 2. 被动语态 ≥ 3 处：was/were done, is/are done, can be done 都用到了吗？ □ 3. 过去分词拼写正确：invented, created, designed, produced, developed, spread？ □ 4. 时态一致：描述过去用过去时/过去被动，描述现在用途用现在时/现在被动？ □ 5. 句式多样：有没有穿插主动句？有没有用 However/Because of/Today 等开头？ □ 6. 字数达标：在 80-120 词范围内吗？太多还是太少？ □ 7. 连接词 ≥ 2 个：有没有用 However/Because of/Later/Finally 等过渡？ □ 8. 发明名称/发明者名拼写正确？（Cai Lun, Marconi, Wright brothers 等） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 科技发明 · 话题写作 Unit 5 Power of Ideas · 写作专项 · 教师版 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 一、写作主题 题目：Write About a Great Invention 选择一项你感兴趣的伟大发明，写一篇 80-120 词的英语短文，介绍它的发明者、发明时间、发明原因、材料/制作方法以及它对世界的影响。要求至少使用 3 处被动语态。 体裁 人称 时态 字数 语法重点 说明文（expository writing） 第三人称（it/they） 过去（描述发明过程）+ 现在（描述影响和用途） 80-120 词 被动语态 ≥ 3 处 （am/is/are + done / was/were + done / can be + done） 课本依据 本题对应课本 P56 写作任务：Choose a great invention → research → make notes → write。 五要素：① 发明者+时间 ② 发明原因 ③ 材料/制作方法 ④ 发明困难 ⑤ 发明影响 教师注解 本课定位：U5 话题写作课（课程计划第15次），承接 U5 语法专练（被动语态），为 U6 太空话题写作做铺垫。 时间分配建议（1.5小时）：精读+被动寻踪 20min → 写作工具箱+范文拆解 25min → 分层练习 35min → 讲评 10min。 重点：让学生从"读懂被动语态"过渡到"会用被动语态写作"。常见瓶颈：学生能辨认但不主动使用——需要在练习三前强调"至少3处"的硬性要求。 二、素材工坊 — 写前必填 先填表再动笔。写不出来 = 没想清楚。中英文混填也可以。 要素 你的素材（关键词/短语即可） 课本参考（造纸术） 发明名称 Paper / Papermaking 发明者 + 时间 Cai Lun, 105 CE, Eastern Han Dynasty 发明原因 （解决了什么问题？） Writing materials were heavy and expensive. A cheap and light material was needed. 材料 / 制作方法 （3-4步简述） bark, plants, old clothes → mixed & boiled → poured over screen → dried & pressed 发明影响 （至少写两点） ① led to rapid increase in books ② knowledge could be spread more easily ③ speeded up cultural development 教师注解 此表是"写不出"的解药。学生如果对着空白纸发愣，让他先填这张表——填完中文也算完成一半了。 课上可以先让学生口头说一遍（用中文），再翻成英文关键词，最后连词成句。 三、精读导入 — 在阅读中学写作 3.1 读短文，完成三个任务 任务：① 理解大意 ② 用下划线标出所有被动语态 ③ 圈出可用于写作的句型 Can you imagine a world without paper? All books, newspapers and magazines depend on one invention — papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, wood, bamboo and even silk. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in solving this problem. He got the idea that bark, certain plants and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable for writing. In Cai Lun's experiment, first, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. Later, the papermaking technique speeded up the development of Chinese culture and changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. （字数：约 250 词 | 来源：课本 P53-54，有删改） 【被动语态答案标注】 ❶ were used to write on (Para 2) ❷ could be used to make (Para 3) ❸ were mixed and boiled (Para 4) ❹ was beaten, cut up and mixed (Para 4) ❺ was poured (Para 4) ❻ was dried and pressed (Para 4) 3.2 被动语态寻踪 — 找出 6 处并归类 教师注解 学生版表格预留了 8 行，但短文中实际只有 6 处被动语态。这是个教学契机—— 引导学生辨析："were difficult to use" 和 "was soft, light, easy" 为什么不是被动语态？ → 因为它们 = be + 形容词（表状态），不是 be + 过去分词（表动作）。 第 7-8 行可让学生填入这两个"假被动语态"，作为辨析练习。 序号 被动语态句子（摘抄关键词即可） 结构类型 1 were used to write on was/were + done 2 could be used to make 情态动词 + be + done 3 were mixed and boiled was/were + done（并列两个过去分词） 4 was beaten, cut up and mixed was/were + done（并列三个过去分词） 5 was poured was/were + done 6 was dried and pressed was/were + done（并列两个过去分词） 7 were difficult to use（陷阱：be + 形容词，非被动） ❌ 不是被动语态 8 was soft, light, easy（陷阱：be + 形容词，非被动） ❌ 不是被动语态 3.3 句型提取 — 从阅读到写作 写作功能 短文原句（摘抄） 提炼句型模板 描述材料用途 many different materials were used to write on ______ was/were used to ______ 描述制作过程① all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water ______ was/were + 过去分词（+ and + 过去分词） 描述制作过程② the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen ______ was/were + 过去分词 + 介词短语 描述结果/影响① it led to a rapid increase in the number of books ______ led to / resulted in ______ 描述结果/影响② papermaking technique speeded up the development ______ speeded up ______ 四、写作工具箱 4.1 发明话题核心词汇分类 写到「发明」不要只会 invent。按下表分类选词，每类至少用一个。 类别 基础词（避免只用这些） 升级词（用这些！） 例句片段 发明/创造 invent, make create, design, develop, produce Paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 发明者/产物 inventor, invention creator, creation, designer, product Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. 材料 thing, stuff material, ingredient, fibre, liquid Paper is made from bark, plants and old clothes. 过程动词 make, do mix, boil, beat, pour, dry, press The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 影响/变化 change, make...better lead to, result in, speed up, spread The invention led to a rapid increase in books. 评价 good, important great, useful, widely used, suitable Paper is widely used all over the world today. 教师注解 词汇教学策略：不要让学生背整张表。让他们在写作前圈出 3-4 个"今天一定要用"的升级词，写在草稿纸角上，写作文时对照使用。 常见错误：学生用 create 替代 invent 时忘记变过去分词——created 不是 creatted。design → designed 不是 desined。 4.2 被动语态写作句型 — 发明介绍专用 以下 10 个句型覆盖了发明介绍的全部表达需求。★★★ 是满分区分点。 功能 句型模板 示例 难度 引出主题 ______ is one of the greatest inventions in ______. Paper is one of the greatest inventions in Chinese history. ★★ 发明信息 ______ was invented / created by ______ in ______. The radio was invented by Marconi in the 1890s. ★★ 发明原因 Before ______ was invented, people had to ______. Before paper was invented, people had to write on heavy bamboo. ★★★ 材料① ______ is made of / from ______. The glasses are made of plastic and metal. ★★ 材料② ______ was / were used to make ______. Bark and old clothes were used to make paper. ★★ 制作过程 First, ______ is/was ______. Then, ______ is/was ______. First, the ingredients are mixed. Then, the liquid is poured over a screen. ★★★ 功能用途 ______ is used for / to ______. The 3D printer is used for making models. ★★ 影响① ______ led to / resulted in ______. The invention of paper led to more books being produced. ★★★ 影响② Because of ______, ______ could be ______. Because of the radio, news could be spread in seconds. ★★★ 总结评价 Today, ______ is widely used ______. Today, sticky notes are widely used all over the world. ★★ 4.3 连接词 — 让文章有节奏 功能 连接词/短语 使用位置 转折（问题→解决） However, But 描述旧材料的缺点 → 引出新发明的动机 顺序（制作过程） First, ... Then, ... Next, ... Finally, ... 描述发明的制作步骤 因果（发明→影响） Because of..., ... led to..., ... resulted in... 描述发明带来的变化和影响 时间推移 Later, Today, Now, In the past 从发明时代过渡到现代 递进/补充 also, not only... but also..., more importantly 追加发明的第二、第三个影响 总结 It is truly..., Without..., ...would... 结尾段总结发明的意义 中考加分技巧 ① 被动语态用 3-4 处最佳——太少显得句式单一，太多显得刻意堆砌 ② 穿插 1-2 个 with 短语开头（如 With the development of...），句式更高级 ③ 过去分词拼写是扣分重灾区——invented, created, designed, produced, developed 必须拼对 五、范文拆解 — 造纸术 阅读范文，完成：① 标出五要素分别在第几段 ② 圈出所有被动语态 ③ 找出你最喜欢的 2 个句型。 Paper is one of the greatest inventions in Chinese history. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (105 CE). Before paper was invented, people in ancient China wrote on bamboo, wood and silk. However, these materials were heavy and expensive. A cheap and light material for writing was badly needed. Paper is made from bark, certain plants and old clothes. First, all the ingredients are mixed and boiled in water. Then, the material is beaten and cut up. Next, the liquid is poured over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre is dried and pressed to form paper. The invention of paper changed the world in many ways. It led to a rapid increase in the number of books. Because of paper, knowledge could be spread to different countries much more easily. It also speeded up the development of Chinese culture. Today, paper is widely used all over the world. The basic method created by Cai Lun is still used today. It is truly an invention that shaped our modern world. （正文字数：约 174 词 | 被动语态：8 处） 【被动语态标注】 Para 1: was invented Para 2: was invented / was needed Para 3: is made / are mixed / is beaten / is poured / is dried and pressed Para 4: could be spread Para 5: is used / is used 范文结构分析 段落 内容要素 核心句型 被动语态 Para 1 ① 基本信息（发明+发明者+时间） is one of... / was invented by... in... was invented ✓ Para 2 ② 发明原因（之前的问题+需求） Before...was invented... / was needed was invented ✓ / was needed ✓ Para 3 ③ 材料+④ 制作过程 is made from... / are mixed... / is poured... are mixed ✓ / is beaten ✓ / is poured ✓ / is dried ✓ Para 4 ⑤ 发明影响（至少两点） changed... / led to... / could be spread... could be spread ✓ Para 5 总结评价 is widely used... / is still used... is used ✓ / is used ✓ 范文亮点 ① 五要素完整，一段一功能 ② 被动语态 8 处，自然融入不刻意 ③ 句式多样化：is one of... / Before... / However, ... / Because of... / Today, ... ④ 时间线清晰：ancient → 105 CE → later → today ⑤ 首尾呼应（greatest → truly） 教师注解 讲范文时不要逐句翻译。用"三问法"引导学生自己发现： ① 每段写了一件什么事？（功能识别） ② 被动语态在每段怎么用的？（结构识别） ③ 哪句话你觉得最好？为什么？（审美判断） 种子选手应该能独立完成这三问，老师只需点评和补充。 六、写作框架 — 五步搭骨架，再填血肉 Para 1 · 开头 — 基本信息（≈18 词） ______ is one of the greatest inventions in ______ (地点/领域). It was invented / created by ______ (发明者) in ______ (时间). Para 2 · 原因 — 为何发明（≈22 词） Before ______ was invented, people had to ______ (原来的做法). However, ______ (原来的问题). A new ______ (解决方案) was needed. Para 3 · 过程 — 材料与方法（≈28 词） ______ is made of / from ______ (材料). First, ______ (步骤1). Then, ______ (步骤2). Next, ______ (步骤3). Finally, ______ (步骤4). Para 4 · 影响 — 改变了什么（≈28 词） The invention of ______ changed ______ (对象) in many ways. It led to ______ (影响1). Because of ______, ______ could be ______ (影响2). Para 5 · 总结 — 评价与展望（≈18 词） Today, ______ is widely used ______ (范围). It is truly an invention that ______ (总结意义). 字数分配提醒 P1≈18 + P2≈22 + P3≈28 + P4≈28 + P5≈18 = 114 词，正好在 80-120 区间。 不够 80 词？P3 或 P4 段各加一句细节。超 120 词？砍掉重复修饰，保持简洁。 教师注解 这个框架是"保底"结构——学生填空即可成文。种子选手（110→120）应在此基础上： ① 加一个 with 短语开头（如 With the development of technology, ...） ② P4段用 not only... but also... 串联两个影响 ③ 结尾段用 Without..., ...would... 做反向强调（如 Without paper, knowledge would not have spread so quickly.） 这三个升级点可以让学生在练习二/三中选一个尝试。 七、分层练习 练习一：被动语态造句 ★ （6 题） 把下列中文句子翻译成英文，每句必须使用被动语态。 1. 纸是由蔡伦在公元105年发明的。 提示：(Paper / invent / by / Cai Lun / in 105 CE) 答案：Paper was invented by Cai Lun in 105 CE. invent → invented（规则变化）；by + 发明者；in + 年份 2. 在纸发明之前，人们在竹简和丝绸上写字。 提示：(Before / paper / invent / people / write on / bamboo and silk) 答案：Before paper was invented, people wrote on bamboo and silk. Before引导的时间状语从句用被动；主句用主动（people wrote）。常见错误：把 wrote 也写成被动。 3. 收音机是由一位意大利发明家马可尼研发的。 提示：(radio / develop / by / Marconi / an Italian inventor) 答案：The radio was developed by Marconi, an Italian inventor. develop → developed；an Italian inventor 作同位语补充说明。同位语是满分加分项。 4. 首先，所有原料被混合并在水中煮沸。 提示：(First / all the ingredients / mix and boil / in water) 答案：First, all the ingredients are mixed and boiled in water. are mixed and boiled — 两个过去分词共用 are。也可以用 were。描述制作过程通用现在时更自然。 5. 由于这项发明，新闻可以在几秒钟内传遍世界。 提示：(Because of / the invention / news / can / spread / around the world / in seconds) 答案：Because of the invention, news can be spread around the world in seconds. can be + done 情态被动；spread 是 AAA 型不规则动词（spread-spread-spread），过去分词不变化。高频错误：写成 spreaded。 6. 今天，便利贴被广泛用于全世界。 提示：(Today / sticky notes / widely / use / all over the world) 答案：Today, sticky notes are widely used all over the world. are used — 一般现在时被动；widely（广泛地）放在 used 前面；all over the world 固定短语。 练习二：段落写作 ⭐⭐ （写一个约 40 词的段落） 从以下两个任务中任选一个，写一个段落。 任务 A：描述造纸术的制作过程（材料 + 4 步），至少用 2 处被动语态。 任务 B：描述一项发明的两项重要影响，使用 led to / resulted in / because of。 我选任务 _____ 我的段落： 教师注解 以下为两个任务的参考段落（学生答案不必完全相同，达到核心要求即可）： 【任务A · 参考段落】 Paper is made from bark, plants and old clothes. First, all the ingredients are mixed and boiled in water. Then, the material is beaten and cut up. Next, the liquid is poured over a bamboo screen. Finally, the fibre is dried and pressed to form paper. （被动语态：is made / are mixed / is beaten / is poured / is dried — 共 5 处） 【任务B · 参考段落】 The invention of the radio changed the world greatly. It led to faster communication among people in different countries. Because of the radio, news could be spread around the world in seconds. It also helped people enjoy music from artists everywhere. （led to / Because of / could be spread — 句型+被动语态各覆盖） 练习三：完整作文 ⭐⭐⭐ 题目：Write About a Great Invention 要求：80-120 词 / 五要素齐全 / 至少 3 处被动语态 / 句式多样化 / 用至少 2 个连接词 可选发明（均为课本 U5 涉及内容）： A. 纸（Paper） B. 收音机（The Radio） C. 便利贴（Sticky Notes） D. 飞机（The Plane） 我选的发明：______________ 参考范文（对应 A/B/C/D 四个选项） 范文A：Paper（造纸术）— 见第五部分完整范文 （此处略，同第五部分范文，130词，8处被动语态） 范文B：The Radio（无线电） The radio is one of the most important inventions of all time. It was developed by an Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi in the 1890s. Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. The world was made much smaller by the radio because news could be spread around the world in seconds. The invention of the radio changed the world in many ways. It led to the development of other important inventions like the television. Because of the radio, people could enjoy music from artists around the world much more easily. Today, the radio is still widely used all over the world. It is truly an invention that brought people closer together. （113 词 / 被动语态：was developed, was invented, was made, could be spread, is used — 5 处） 【亮点】同位语 an Italian inventor called... / 被动穿插主动 / 结尾 brought people closer 有温度 范文C：Sticky Notes（便利贴） Sticky notes are one of the most useful inventions in our daily lives. They were created by accident in 1968 by a scientist named Spencer Silver. Silver was trying to make a strong glue, but to his surprise, he produced a glue that was very weak. The glue could stick things, but it could be removed easily. However, no one could find a use for it at first. In 1974, a man named Arthur Fry needed a way to mark pages in his song book. He remembered Silver's glue and used it on small pieces of paper. The paper stayed in the book, but it could later be removed. Fry's idea resulted in the production of sticky notes of many sizes and colours. Today, sticky notes are widely used all over the world — in offices, schools and homes. （139 词 / 被动语态：were created, could be removed, are used — 3 处 + 拟被动 could be removed） 【亮点】by accident / to his surprise / resulted in — U5 核心短语密集运用；时间线 1968→1974→today 清晰 范文D：The Plane（飞机） The plane is one of the greatest inventions in history. It was invented by the Wright brothers — Orville and Wilbur — in December 1903. The Wright brothers wanted to fly like birds. They worked with gliders to solve two main challenges: how to get the glider into the air and how to control it once it was flying. After they solved these problems, they added an engine, and the world's first plane flights were made. The invention of the plane has greatly changed the world. Journeys that once took days or weeks can now be made in only a few hours. As a result, communication among people in different countries is much easier. Today, planes are used by millions of people every day. The world has become a much smaller place because of this great invention. （137 词 / 被动语态：was invented, were made, can be made, are used — 4 处） 【亮点】插入语 — Orville and Wilbur — / 对比 days or weeks → a few hours / 结尾 smaller place 呼应 教师注解 四篇范文对照教学建议： ① 让学生先读范文A（造纸术，已精读），作为"标准答案" ② 选范文B/C/D中与自己所选发明对应的那篇，对比结构和句型 ③ 特别注意：每篇被动语态数量和位置不同（A:8 B:5 C:3 D:4），说明"3处即可"不是"只能3处" ④ 种子选手可以挑战：从四篇中各摘一句最好的，拼成自己的"最优模板" 八、写后自检清单 写完作文后，逐条检查。每项通过打 ✓。全部 ✓ 再交给老师。 □ 1. 内容完整：五个要素（谁发明/何时/为何/材料与过程/影响）都写到了吗？ □ 2. 被动语态 ≥ 3 处：was/were done, is/are done, can be done 都用到了吗？ □ 3. 过去分词拼写正确：invented, created, designed, produced, developed, spread？ □ 4. 时态一致：描述过去用过去时/过去被动，描述现在用途用现在时/现在被动？ □ 5. 句式多样：有没有穿插主动句？有没有用 However/Because of/Today 等开头？ □ 6. 字数达标：在 80-120 词范围内吗？太多还是太少？ □ 7. 连接词 ≥ 2 个：有没有用 However/Because of/Later/Finally 等过渡？ □ 8. 发明名称/发明者名拼写正确？（Cai Lun, Marconi, Wright brothers 等） 九、评分标准（教师参考） 河北中考作文评分维度（满分15分），对应本写作任务的评分细则： 评分维度 满分标准 扣分点 内容完整性 （5分） 五要素齐全：发明者+时间 / 原因 / 材料与过程 / 影响（至少两点）/ 总结评价 缺一个要素扣 1 分；内容空洞、每段只有一句话扣 2 分 语法准确性 （4分） 被动语态构成正确（be + 过去分词）；时态一致（过去/现在不混用）；主谓一致 被动语态每错一处扣 0.5 分（结构错/过去分词错）；时态混乱扣 1 分 词汇丰富度 （3分） 使用至少 4 个 U5 核心词（invent/create/design/develop produce/connect/introduce 及其名词形式） 只用基础词（invent/make/good）扣 1 分；拼写错误每 2 处扣 0.5 分 句式多样性 （2分） 被动+主动交替使用；至少 2 种开头方式（Before/Because of/However/Today 等） 全部用主谓宾简单句扣 1 分；连续 3 句以上同结构扣 0.5 分 逻辑与连贯 （1分） 时间线清晰；段落之间有逻辑连接；首尾有呼应或总结 段落跳跃、逻辑断裂扣 0.5 分；无结尾段扣 0.5 分 教师注解 评分实操建议： ① 先通读全文，判断是否在 80-120 词范围内（字数严重不足/超标先扣 1 分） ② 用荧光笔标出所有被动语态 → 检查结构+过去分词 → 统计数量 ③ 用不同颜色标出连接词和升级词汇 → 评估句式和词汇丰富度 ④ 种子选手（110+）评分从严：被动 3 处及格 / 5 处+才是高分 / 倒装和同位语是额外加分 ⑤ 给学生反馈时先说亮点（"你这个同位语用得很好"），再说改进点（"这里还差一个影响"） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $