新课2 必修第一册Unit1 A new start （语法+写作预习讲义）（外研版）英语初升高衔接

Unit1 A new start（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：句子成分、基本句型 写作聚焦：写作指导、日记 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 一．八种句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 二、六大基本句型 主谓 (SV) 主语 + 不及物动词（无需宾语） - The sun shines. - She laughed. 主谓宾 (SVO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 - He reads a book. - They play soccer. 主系表 (SVC) 主语 + 系动词（be/seem/become） + 补语（名词/形容词/介词短语） - She is a teacher. - The soup tastes salty. 主谓双宾 (SVOO) 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物） - He gave her a gift. - I told him the truth. 主谓宾补 (SVOC) 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 补语（说明宾语的状态或身份） - We named the dog Max. - They painted the wall blue. There be There + be动词 + 主语（表示“存在”） - There is a problem. - There were three birds in the tree. 说明： 及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 · SV 结构中的动词（如 "run", "cry"）不需要宾语。 · SVO 结构中的动词（如 "eat", "buy"）必须接宾语。  双宾语位置调换 · SVOO 结构中，间接宾语可后置并用介词（to/for）连接： She gave a letter to me. = She gave me a letter.  补语类型 · SVC 补语：名词（a doctor）、形容词（happy）、介词短语（in the room）。 · SVOC 补语：形容词（open）、名词（president）、分词（broken）。 写作聚焦 周记 一、写作方法指导 周记常用来记述自己每周所遇到的和所做的事情。写英语周记一般要注意以下几点： 1.正确的人称：作为一种文体，周记属于记叙文性质的应用文，其内容来源于我们对生活的观察，大多数是写给自己看的，所以用第一人称。 2.正确的时态：周记一般已记叙发生的事，因此多用过去时态。但如谈论个人感悟或说明客观事实、普遍真理时，可用现在时态。 3.写作步骤：(1)引入话题；(2)介绍细节；(3)表达感受。 二、写作素材 一)、常用短语 1.clean and tidy整洁 2.be covered with 覆盖 3.exchange student 交换生 4.teaching method 教学方法 5.nothing like 一点也不像 6.be equipped with 配备有，装有 7.be interested in 对……感兴趣 8.be attracted by 被……所吸引 9.come true 实现 10.make progress 取得进步 二)、常用句式 1.The moment I entered the campus，I was attracted by the tall buildings and beautiful campus. 我一进入校园，就被高大的建筑和美丽的校园所吸引。 2.Compared with my previous school，the campus is wider and greener with all kinds of trees around. 与我以前的学校相比，这个校园更宽，更绿，周围有各种各样的树。 3.It has a history of more than one hundred years and is home to many famous people like Professor Wang. 它有一百多年的历史，是许多像王教授这样的名人的家园。 4.Through years of development，it has become one of the most famous schools in our province. 经过多年的发展，它已成为我们省最著名的学校之一。 5.On my first day of senior high，I felt both nervous and excited.But the kind teachers and friendly classmates made me feel at home soon. 高中的第一天，我既紧张又兴奋。但是善良的老师和友好的同学让我很快不拘束了。 三、典例剖析 假定你是李华，你正在英国某高中参加你们学校的“交换生项目”，请你用英语写一篇周记，叙述你在新学校第一周的学习生活情况。内容包括： 1.学校印象；2.同学印象；3.个人感受； 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 周记 人称 第一、三人称 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 框架 第一段(引入话题)：作交换生已有一周 第二段(介绍细节)：学校印象和同学印象 第三段(表达感受 )：个人感受 第二步　要点翻译 1.这是我第一次独自离开父母。 This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone. 2.我一到英国就想家了。 I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England. 3.校园不同于我在国内的学校。 The campus is quite different from my school at home. 4.它坐落在山脚下。 It lies at the foot of a mountain. 5.周围有自然风景。 There is natural scenery all around. 6.在校园里，建筑物都有很强的英式风格。 In the campus，the buildings all have a strong British style. 7.我的同学们很友好。 My classmates are very friendly. 8.他们使我不太想家。 They make me less homesick. 9.我和他们交流仍然有许多困难。 I still have much difficulty communicating with them. 10.他们总是尽力使他们自己被理解。 They always try their best to make themselves understood. 第三步　词句升级 1.用so连接要点1和2 This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone，so I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England. 2.用where引导的定语从句合并要点4和5 It lies at the foot of a mountain where there is natural scenery all around. 3.用so...that...连接要点7和8 My classmates are so friendly that they make me less homesick. 4.用although连接要点9和10 Although I still have much difficulty communicating with them，they always try their best to make themselves understood. 第四步　连句成篇 Thursday　September 2nd One week has passed since I came to this school as an exchange student. This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone，so I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England.However，I soon got used to the new environment.I have much to express about my new school.To begin with，the campus is quite different from my school at home.It lies at the foot of a mountain where there is natural scenery all around.In the campus，the buildings all have a strong British style.As for my classmates，they are so friendly that they make me less homesick.Although I still have much difficulty communicating with them，they always try their best to make themselves understood. I think I can surely benefit much from my stay here. 学以致用 一、指出划线部分句子成份 1．I bought a computer last week. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 2． Tom lent me 200 dollars. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 3．I bought a new bike yesterday. A．主语 B．谓语 C．状语 D．表语 4．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 6．I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______ A．Subject (主语). B．Object (宾语). C．Predictive (表语). D．Object complement (宾语补足语). 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 8．There is always something excited to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 9．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 10．Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 11．He is a clever boy. A．主语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 12．Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A．宾补 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．表语 13．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 14．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 15．We made him our monitor. 划线成分是________ A．宾语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾补 二．判断下列句子是什么基本句型？ A．主谓  B．主系表  C．主谓宾  D．主谓间宾直宾  E.主谓宾宾补 1．The answer seems reasonable.                 ( ) 2．She is watering the flowers in the garden.        ( ) 3．Gradually a smile appeared on her face.         ( ) 4．They found the exercise much more interesting.   ( ) 5．Mom gave me a necklace as a birthday present.    ( ) 三．阅读下列短文, 判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A I'm a freshman at senior high school. I had to think 1.very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me 2.choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent 3.when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for 4.advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.  B 1.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually 2.the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like 3.Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes 4.because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.  C Continued greenhouse gas emissions 1.will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 2.to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 3.restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 4.to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.  四．根据要求翻译句子 1．The apples (尝起来甜). (SP) 2．My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP) 3．In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语＋谓语) 4．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO) 5．We believe that he is honest. （用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子） 6．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 7．(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO) 8．Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC) 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） 10．他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语) He always . 五、写作训练 假定你是高一学生李华，你进入高一已经大约两个月，请根据下列提示用英语写一篇日记，介绍你新学校的情况。 1. 校园面貌；2. 老师、同学情况；3. 校园生活； 注意：1. 词数：不少于80词； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Friday November 7th ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit1 A new start（语法+写作） 目录 单元语法：句子成分、基本句型 写作聚焦：写作指导、日记 学以致用：巩固提升，全面突破 单元语法 一．八种句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语： 用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （二）谓语： 用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （三）表语： 用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （四）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） （六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） （七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six? （时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （八）同位语：——同等重要的修饰语 对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。 （1）名词：We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. （2）代词：They all wanted to see him. He himself doesn’t know why. 　　 （3）数词：Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? 　　 （4）不定式：Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （5）动名词：The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. （6）of短语：The city of Rome is a attractive place. （7）从句（同位语从句）：The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 二、六大基本句型 主谓 (SV) 主语 + 不及物动词（无需宾语） - The sun shines. - She laughed. 主谓宾 (SVO) 主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 - He reads a book. - They play soccer. 主系表 (SVC) 主语 + 系动词（be/seem/become） + 补语（名词/形容词/介词短语） - She is a teacher. - The soup tastes salty. 主谓双宾 (SVOO) 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语（人） + 直接宾语（物） - He gave her a gift. - I told him the truth. 主谓宾补 (SVOC) 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 补语（说明宾语的状态或身份） - We named the dog Max. - They painted the wall blue. There be There + be动词 + 主语（表示“存在”） - There is a problem. - There were three birds in the tree. 说明： 及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 · SV 结构中的动词（如 "run", "cry"）不需要宾语。 · SVO 结构中的动词（如 "eat", "buy"）必须接宾语。  双宾语位置调换 · SVOO 结构中，间接宾语可后置并用介词（to/for）连接： She gave a letter to me. = She gave me a letter.  补语类型 · SVC 补语：名词（a doctor）、形容词（happy）、介词短语（in the room）。 · SVOC 补语：形容词（open）、名词（president）、分词（broken）。 写作聚焦 周记 一、写作方法指导 周记常用来记述自己每周所遇到的和所做的事情。写英语周记一般要注意以下几点： 1.正确的人称：作为一种文体，周记属于记叙文性质的应用文，其内容来源于我们对生活的观察，大多数是写给自己看的，所以用第一人称。 2.正确的时态：周记一般已记叙发生的事，因此多用过去时态。但如谈论个人感悟或说明客观事实、普遍真理时，可用现在时态。 3.写作步骤：(1)引入话题；(2)介绍细节；(3)表达感受。 二、写作素材 一)、常用短语 1.clean and tidy整洁 2.be covered with 覆盖 3.exchange student 交换生 4.teaching method 教学方法 5.nothing like 一点也不像 6.be equipped with 配备有，装有 7.be interested in 对……感兴趣 8.be attracted by 被……所吸引 9.come true 实现 10.make progress 取得进步 二)、常用句式 1.The moment I entered the campus，I was attracted by the tall buildings and beautiful campus. 我一进入校园，就被高大的建筑和美丽的校园所吸引。 2.Compared with my previous school，the campus is wider and greener with all kinds of trees around. 与我以前的学校相比，这个校园更宽，更绿，周围有各种各样的树。 3.It has a history of more than one hundred years and is home to many famous people like Professor Wang. 它有一百多年的历史，是许多像王教授这样的名人的家园。 4.Through years of development，it has become one of the most famous schools in our province. 经过多年的发展，它已成为我们省最著名的学校之一。 5.On my first day of senior high，I felt both nervous and excited.But the kind teachers and friendly classmates made me feel at home soon. 高中的第一天，我既紧张又兴奋。但是善良的老师和友好的同学让我很快不拘束了。 三、典例剖析 假定你是李华，你正在英国某高中参加你们学校的“交换生项目”，请你用英语写一篇周记，叙述你在新学校第一周的学习生活情况。内容包括： 1.学校印象；2.同学印象；3.个人感受； 注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 周记 人称 第一、三人称 时态 一般现在时和一般过去时 框架 第一段(引入话题)：作交换生已有一周 第二段(介绍细节)：学校印象和同学印象 第三段(表达感受 )：个人感受 第二步　要点翻译 1.这是我第一次独自离开父母。 This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone. 2.我一到英国就想家了。 I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England. 3.校园不同于我在国内的学校。 The campus is quite different from my school at home. 4.它坐落在山脚下。 It lies at the foot of a mountain. 5.周围有自然风景。 There is natural scenery all around. 6.在校园里，建筑物都有很强的英式风格。 In the campus，the buildings all have a strong British style. 7.我的同学们很友好。 My classmates are very friendly. 8.他们使我不太想家。 They make me less homesick. 9.我和他们交流仍然有许多困难。 I still have much difficulty communicating with them. 10.他们总是尽力使他们自己被理解。 They always try their best to make themselves understood. 第三步　词句升级 1.用so连接要点1和2 This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone，so I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England. 2.用where引导的定语从句合并要点4和5 It lies at the foot of a mountain where there is natural scenery all around. 3.用so...that...连接要点7和8 My classmates are so friendly that they make me less homesick. 4.用although连接要点9和10 Although I still have much difficulty communicating with them，they always try their best to make themselves understood. 第四步　连句成篇 Thursday　September 2nd One week has passed since I came to this school as an exchange student. This is the first time that I have been away from my parents alone，so I felt homesick the moment I arrived in England.However，I soon got used to the new environment.I have much to express about my new school.To begin with，the campus is quite different from my school at home.It lies at the foot of a mountain where there is natural scenery all around.In the campus，the buildings all have a strong British style.As for my classmates，they are so friendly that they make me less homesick.Although I still have much difficulty communicating with them，they always try their best to make themselves understood. I think I can surely benefit much from my stay here. 学以致用 一、指出划线部分句子成份 1．I bought a computer last week. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我上周买了一台电脑。句子结构为主谓宾状，其中划线词a computer为宾语。故选C。 2． Tom lent me 200 dollars. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：Tom借给我200美元。Tom是句子主语，故选A。 3．I bought a new bike yesterday. A．主语 B．谓语 C．状语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我昨天买了一辆新自行车。句子结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+状语；划线词yesterday作状语。故选C。 4．The first week was a little confusing. A．主语 B．宾语 C．谓语 D．表语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：第一个星期有点令人困惑。confusing“令人困惑的”位于系动词was后，为表语。故选D。 5．He broke a piece of glass. A．谓语 B．宾语 C．主语 D．定语 【答案】A 【详解】考查成分。句意：他打碎了一块玻璃。划线部分为谓语，主语为he；a piece of glass为宾语。故选A。 6．I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______ A．Subject (主语). B．Object (宾语). C．Predictive (表语). D．Object complement (宾语补足语). 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当我问他这个问题时，我发现他很惭愧。句子中下划线的句子元素是什么？I是主语，found是谓语，him是宾语，ashamed是宾语补足语，故选D。 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这份报告听起来很有趣。分析句子结构可知，句中The report为主语，sounds为系动词，interesting为表语。故选D。 8．There is always something excited to do. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：总有令人兴奋的事情要做。本句用there be句型，something“某事”为句子的主语。故选A。 9．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏吸引并不罕见。分析句子可知，这里考查固定句型it is adj. for sb to do sth，表“做某事对于某人来说是...”，本句中it作形式主语，而不定式to be attracted to computer games为逻辑主语。故选A项。 10．Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：过多的在线时间使得专注于生活中的其他事情变得非常困难。it为形式宾语，to focus on other things in life为真正的宾语。故选B。 11．He is a clever boy. A．主语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他是个聪明的男孩。分析句子可知，句中的形容词“clever”修饰后面的名词“boy”，说明男孩的特征，作定语。故选D项。 12．Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present. A．宾补 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她妈妈给她买了一只宠物狗作为生日礼物。分析句子可知，本句中her为间接宾语，而a pet dog为直接宾语。故选B项。 13．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。分析句子可知，friendly and helpful为形容词短语，在本句中作宾补，对宾语most of my classmates and teachers进行补充说明。故选C项。 14．He made it clear that he would leave the city. A．宾语 B．表语 C．宾补 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他明确表示他要离开这个城市。He是主语，made是谓语，it是形式宾语，clear是宾语补足语，that he would leave the city是连词that引导的宾语从句作宾语。故选A项。 15．We made him our monitor. 划线成分是________ A．宾语 B．定语 C．状语 D．宾补 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我们选他当班长。句子中，动词made为谓语，him为宾语，our monitor意为“我们的班长”，对宾语作补充说明，为宾语补足语。故选D。 二．判断下列句子是什么基本句型？ A．主谓  B．主系表  C．主谓宾  D．主谓间宾直宾  E.主谓宾宾补 1．The answer seems reasonable.                 ( ) 2．She is watering the flowers in the garden.        ( ) 3．Gradually a smile appeared on her face.         ( ) 4．They found the exercise much more interesting.   ( ) 5．Mom gave me a necklace as a birthday present.    ( ) 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．D 【解析】1．考查基本句型。句意：这个答案看起来是合理的。The answer为主语；seems为系动词；reasonable为表语。故选B。 2．考查基本句型。句意：她正在花园里给花浇水。She为主语；is watering为谓语；the flowers为宾语；in the garden为状语。故选C。 3．考查基本句型。句意：她的脸上渐渐浮现出了一丝微笑。Gradually为状语；a smile为主语；appeared为谓语；on her face为状语。故选A。 4．考查基本句型。句意：他们发现这项活锻炼动有趣多了。They为主语；found为谓语；the exercise为宾语；much more interesting为宾补。故选E。 5．考查基本句型。句意：妈妈送给我一条项链作为我的生日礼物。Mom为主语；gave为谓语；me为间接宾语；a necklace为直接宾语。故选D。 三．阅读下列短文, 判断其中粗体字所作的成分。 A I'm a freshman at senior high school. I had to think 1.very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me 2.choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent 3.when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for 4.advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it.  答案　1. 状语　　2. (宾语)补语　　3. 状语　　4. 定语 B 1.Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually 2.the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like 3.Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes 4.because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.  答案　1. 主语　　2. 表语　　3. 宾语　　4. 状语 C Continued greenhouse gas emissions 1.will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 2.to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 3.restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility 4.to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.  答案　1. 谓语　　2. 状语　　3. 宾语　　4. 主语 四．根据要求翻译句子 1．The apples (尝起来甜). (SP) 【答案】taste sweet 【详解】考查主系表结构。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。根据句意，该句为主系表结构，一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语是“The apples”，谓语动词为系动词taste，表示“尝起来”，用复数形式，sweet为形容词，表示“甜”，作表语，故全句译为The apples taste sweet。故填taste sweet。 2．My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP) 【答案】is to become a designer 【详解】考查主系表结构和动词不定式。句意：我的梦想是成为一名设计师。根据句意，该句为主系表结构，谓语为be动词，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语是“My dream”，故谓语为is；“设计师”的英文表达为名词designer，“成为一名设计师”to become a designer，在句中作表语，故全句译为My dream is to become a designer.。故填is to become a designer。 3．In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语＋谓语) 【答案】we should exercise regularly 【详解】考查动词。表示“我们”应用we，作主语；表示“应该”应用should；表示“锻炼”应用exercise，位于情态动词后面，使用动词原形，作谓语；表示“定期”应用副词regularly作状语。故填we should exercise regularly。 4．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO) 【答案】bought me a birthday gift 【详解】考查动词、时态和句子结构。句意：汤姆给我买了生日礼物。buy sb. sth. (给某人买某物)，谓语“买”用动词buy，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态bought，间接宾语“我”用宾格人称代词me，直接宾语“生日礼物”用名词词组a birthday gift，构成“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型，符合提示中SVIODO结构。故填bought me a birthday gift。 5．We believe that he is honest. （用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子） 【答案】We believe him to be honest. 【详解】分析原句可知，believe后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"believe+宾语+宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是him，honest做him的补足语，故改为We believe him to be honest. 6．积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补） A positive attitude . 【答案】makes us happy and healthy 【详解】考查动词+复合宾语。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。用“make+宾语+宾补”表示“让我们愉悦和健康”为make us happy and healthy，us为宾语，并列的形容词happy and healthy为宾语补足语。主语为单数，主谓一致。故填makes us happy and healthy。 7．(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO) 【答案】His father bought him a dictionary 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：他父亲给他买了一本字典作为礼物。表示主语“他的爸爸”为his father，表示“给他买了一本字典”为动词短语buy him a dictionary，buy+双宾语，him是间接宾语，a dictionary为直接宾语。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填His father bought him a dictionary。 8．Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC) 【答案】reading English loudly 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。动词短语read English loudly表示“大声朗读英语”，在句中作宾补，与“him”为主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，应用现在分词形式。故填reading English loudly。 9．We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. （用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子） 【答案】We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 【详解】分析原句可知，find后是that引导的宾语从句，将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构，其中“宾语”是形式宾语，用it，important做宾补，说明宾语的性质或状态，句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well. 10．他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语) He always . 【答案】keeps his bedroom clean. 【详解】考查简单句基本结构“主谓宾宾补”。分析句子结构可知，该句可使用“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。根据汉语提示，“让……保持干净”可译为keep sth clean，该短语中，clean作宾补，根据句意，“他的卧室”可译为his bedroom，分析语境可知，该句用一般现在 时态，主语为he，故谓语动词（keep）应用第三人称单数形式，即keeps，故该句可填keeps his bedroom clean。 五、写作训练 假定你是高一学生李华，你进入高一已经大约两个月，请根据下列提示用英语写一篇日记，介绍你新学校的情况。 1. 校园面貌；2. 老师、同学情况；3. 校园生活； 注意：1. 词数：不少于80词； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Friday November 7th ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】   Friday November 7th     Sunny      It has been two months since I entered the senior high. The new school leaves a deep impression on me. The campus is large and beautiful with a lot of trees all around. Our classroom is big and we have forty-five students in our class. They are all hard-working which puts me under pressure. However, I decide to go all out and face the challenges bravely. Our teachers are also very friendly and dedicated. There is a very big stadium in our school, where we take part in all kinds of after-school activities. So we lead a more colorful campus life, which is different from that of my junior high.     All in all, I think that my first week at senior high is a very good experience. 【原文】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生用英语写一篇日记，介绍你新学校的情况。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 压力：pressure→stress 全力以赴：go all out→go to all lengths 参加：take part in→participate in 总的来说：all in all→in a word 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句： Our teachers are also very friendly and dedicated. 拓展句： Our teachers are also not only very friendly but also dedicated. 【点睛】[高分句型1]There is avery big stadium in our school, where we take part in all kinds of after-school activities.(运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]All in all, I think that my first week at senior high is a very good experience.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $