专题03 阅读理解说明文（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文文体特征与解题逻辑，构建“考情-方法-真题-模拟”四维训练体系，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情概览|5类考向统计|四步解题法（题干定位→原文精读→选项比对→回文验证）|从文体特征（客观清晰、说明方法）到考向分类（科技/自然生态等），形成“特征-考点-策略”推导链| |真题研析|2026真题2篇|长难句“括号法”分析，说明顺序（总分/并列等）识别|以真题为载体，示范说明对象抓法与选项干扰排除技巧| |精练/模拟|3年真题+模拟题12篇|细节理解（数据定位）、推理判断（逻辑分析）等题型专项突破|覆盖高频考点，强化“方法-题型-语境”迁移应用|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 命题解读 考向 考查统计 一 特点： 阅读理解说明文一般分布在C/D, 是一种以客观、清晰、有条理的方式向读者介绍或解释某个事物、现象、概念、流程或事理的文体，核心特征是聚焦 “说明清楚”，多用定义、分类、数据、举例等手法，不掺杂主观说服或叙事抒情。 二 高频考点： 高考试卷中的说明文可大致分为科技发明类；自然生态类；健康医学类；社会研究类；历史类。 三 解题策略： 1. 先读题干，划关键词； 2. 然后定位原文，精读定位句； 3．比对选项，排除干扰； 4. 确认答案，回文验证。 考向一 科技发明类（AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展） （2026·全国二卷·阅读D） （2024·全国二卷·阅读D） 考向二 自然生态类（气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护） （2026·全国一/二卷·阅读C） （2026·浙江1月卷·阅读D） （2025·全国一卷·阅读D） （2025·全国二卷·阅读C） （2024·全国一卷·阅读D，C） （2024·浙江1月卷·阅读B,C） 考向三 健康医学类（疾病研究、饮食营养、运动科学、心理健康） （2025·全国二卷·阅读D） （2024·全国甲卷·阅读C） （2024·浙江1月卷·阅读D） 考向四 社会研究类（教育方式、行为心理、社交关系） （2026·浙江1月卷·阅读C） 考向五 历史文化类（语言演变、节日起源、建筑风格） （2026全国一卷 D） 1.说明文选材通常是科技领域的最新科研成果(介绍最新科技、重大成就、新产品、新工艺等)；人们比较关心的社会问题和令人好奇的自然现象以及人文地理、风土人情等等。 2.题型涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。以细节理解和推理判断为主。 3.从段落组织方式上分五种：总分式结构；并列式结构；对照式结构；递进式结构；连贯式结构。 4.说明文常见的说明方法有：定义与诠释、举例与引用、分类与图表、比较与比喻和分析与综合等。 5.如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象或是关注文章主题句、各段首末句明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。 6. 破解长难句：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 考向一 自然生态类 （2026·全国二卷·阅读C） The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 28. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables are misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author’s research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 30. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 31. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。 原文出处 本文节 选自Wilko Graf von Hardenberg所著Sea Level: A History(University of Chicago Press, 2024)一书的引言部分。 百科知识 ●sea level(海平面)：指海洋表面的平均高度，是测量陆地上海拔高度的基准参考面。海平面的确定需要考虑潮夕(tide)、波浪、海水温度和盐度变化等多种因素。由于地球重力场分布不均，不同海域的海平面高度并不完全一致，因此全球统一的海平面基准面需要通过长期观测和复杂计算来确定。 ●Chimborazo(钦博拉索山):位于南美洲厄瓜多尔的休眠火山(dormant volcano)。该山海拔6263.47米，为厄瓜多尔最高峰。虽然它的海拔高度比珠峰低，但因地球赤道半径膨胀效应，其峰顶到地心的距离比珠峰多出约2.15千米，该特性使其被国际地质学界认定为“地球最厚点”或“世界厚之地”。 ●Mont Blanc(勃朗峰，又译为白朗峰)：阿尔卑斯山的最高峰，位于法国的上萨瓦省和意大利的瓦莱达奥斯塔的交界处。勃朗峰海拔4805.59米，是西欧的最高峰。 ●Pradidali Hut(普拉迪达利山屋)：位于意大利多洛米蒂山脉(Dolomitcs)的一座高山避难所，主要服务于登山者和徒步旅行者。 ●Dolomites(多洛米蒂山)：位于意大利北部阿尔卑斯山脉，由18座海拔超过3000米的山峰组成。其独特的地理特征表现为白云岩构成的光秃锥形山峰、垂直山壁和深长河谷。2009年，多洛米蒂山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产(World Natural Hcritage)，被称为“阿尔卑斯后花园”。 语言知识 重难单词 1.peak n. 山峰 2.hut n. (简陋的)小屋 3.reading n. [熟词生义](仪表的)读数4.relative adj. 相比较而言的 5.around adv.[熟词生义]存在着 6.assumption n. 假设 7.pass n. [熟词生义]山道 8.examine v. 仔细研究 9.crucial adj. 关键性的 10.mean adj. [熟词生义]平均的 11.mirror v. [熟词生义]反映 12.urgent adj. 紧迫的 13.initiate v. 开始实施，发起 14.wearable n. 可穿戴设备 15.numerically adv. 用数字表示地 16.essentially adv. 基本上 17.unnoticed adj. 被忽视的 18.technically adv. 技术上 19.culturally adv. 文化上 20. appropriately adv. 适当地 21.slightly adv. 略微地 22.uncertainty n. 不确定(性) 23.conceptual adj. 概念的 24.conception n. 认知，理解 25.overall adj. 全部的 重难词块 common practice 惯常做法 be readily available 唾手可得 take shape 成形 place sth. historically 从历史角度审视某事 长难句分析 The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed— we mention it without even considering what it means. 分析：本句主干为 The idea has been around。for so long as to go essentially unnoticed为结果状语；破折号后we mention it without even considering what it means是对前句的补充说明，其中what it means为宾语从句，作considering 的宾语。 翻译:海平面作为海拔参照点的概念由来已久，以至于几乎被忽视--我们提到它时甚至不会去想它意味着什么。 考向二 历史文化类 （2026全国一卷 D） A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项剑桥大学的研究，发现深度欣赏艺术之美能提升抽象思维能力。 原文出处 本文来自美联社(AP)2024年12月18日，名为Barcelona subway recycles energy from braking into power to charge electric cars的文章。 语言知识 重难单词 conduct v. 进行 merely adv. 仅仅 actively adv. 主动地 exhibition n. 展览 handmade adj. 手工制作的 clay n. 黏土 object n. 物品 participant n. 参与者 randomly adv. 随机地 rate v. [名词动化]评估 process v. 处理 practical adj. 实际的 score v. 得分 measure v. 评估 transformative adj. 具有变革性的 enlighten v. 启发 inspire v. 赋予灵感 engagement n. (与.....密切关系 overall adj. 总体的 positivity n. 积极性 concrete adj. [熟词生义]具体的 admirer v. 欣赏 initiate v. 开始 重难词块 be divided into 被分为 match sth. with sth. 使某物与某物相匹配 on average 平均 in ... terms 从......角度 zone out 走神 let the mind wander 让思绪漫游 broaden one's mind 拓宽思路 长难句分析 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 分析：本句主干为 the beauty group did not report feeling any happier。suggesting that为动词-ing形式作结果状语；that引导宾语从句。从句中使用了 it was... that...强调句型，强调的部分是 the engagement with beauty, rather than any overall positivity是与之比较的成分。 翻译: 然而，重要的是，审美组并没有报告他们比对照组感到更快乐这表明影响抽象思维的是与美的互动本身，而非他们本次体验带来的总体积极感受。 【技巧点拨】 1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序（如事物的发展变化）、空间顺序（如建筑结构）、逻辑顺序（因果、现象与本质）。 2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较（对比说明相异、类比说明相似）、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。 3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。 【社会研究类】 Passage 1 （2026浙江一月卷C） Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 8. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 9. What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 10. What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. 【自然生态类】 Passage 1 （2026浙江一月卷D） Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 12. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 13. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 14. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 15. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. Passage 2 （2026全国一卷C） In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. Passage 3 （2025浙江1月卷C） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS Passage 4 (2025全国一卷D) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. Passage 5 (2025全国二卷C) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home Passage 6 (2024新课标I卷D) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. Passage 7 (2024新课标I卷C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. Passage 8 (2024全国甲卷B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy Passage 9 (2024浙江1月卷C) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 28. What does the project aim to do? A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones. C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming. 29. Who are opposed to the project? A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies. C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton 30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 【科技发明类】 Passage 1 (2024新课标II卷D) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【健康医学类】 Passage 1 (2025全国二卷D) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. Passage 2 (2024全国甲卷C) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. Passage 3 （2024浙江1月卷D） The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 34. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 【社会研究类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟考试） In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 2．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 3．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution Passage 2 （2026届山东省九五高中协作体高考最后一卷英语试题） A new study offers fresh insight into how people assess the environmental impact of the foods they eat, and the results suggest many are getting it wrong. These misunderstandings point to a clear need for simple environmental impact labels to help guide better choices. Researchers from the University of Nottingham’s School of Psychology asked 168 participants in the UK to sort a wide variety of supermarket foods into environmental impact categories of their own making. Participants were also shown scientific estimates of each product’s environmental impact and asked whether the results were higher or lower than they expected. The study found that people tend to assess the impact of food using two main factors: whether the food comes from animals or plants, and how processed it is. In general, participants assumed that meat and dairy products, as well as highly processed foods, are worse for the environment. However, these assumptions sometimes belie reality. Many participants overestimated the environmental impact of processed foods while underestimating the impact of water-intensive (高耗水的) products. They were also surprised to learn how much higher the environmental impact of beef is compared to other meats like chicken. Food production plays a major role in environmental issues, including greenhouse gases and biodiversity loss. Encouraging more sustainable eating habits depends in part on understanding how people perceive the environmental footprint of different foods. Daniel Fletcher, lead author of the study, said, “We found participants would be willing to change their purchasing behavior based on this task, but they may struggle to compare the environmental impact of animal-based products and highly processed foods because they see their effects as too different to weigh against each other. Environmental impact data on food products is opening up new possibilities for this research, and labels that give foods a single overall grade (such as A-E) could help make these comparisons easier for consumers, thus allowing people to make sustainable food choices.” 5．What do the researchers hope to find out about the participants? A．Their understanding of food quality. B．Their preferences for popular food. C．Their methods for food categorization. D．Their view of food’s ecological cost. 6．What does the underlined word “belie” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Ignore. B．Affect. C．Disclose. D．Mismatch. 7．What do consumers require according to Daniel Fletcher? A．Change of shopping behavior. B．A uniform grading system. C．More data on food consumption. D．A comparison of different foods. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advise on food choices. B．To call for food eco-labels. C．To advocate good eating habits. D．To show dietary carbon footprint. 【自然生态类】 Passage 1 （2026届云南省红河州、文山州高三第四次州统测三模英语试题） Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 1．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 2．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 3．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 4．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. Passage 2 （2026届河南部分重点中学高三5月联考暨考前演练英语试卷） Deep in the Amazon jungle, an unusual experiment is underway. Brazilian and British scientists are releasing thousands of tonnes of carbon dioxide from giant towers into the forest. While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate. The decade-long project, running until 2036, aims to resolve a sharp divide among climate modelers. Many predict that higher CO2 levels will boost photosynthesis (光合作用), causing trees to grow faster and absorb more human emissions (排放物) — a process known as carbon fertilization. However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming. To find the truth, researchers have set up giant forest towers in six rings among the trees. Three rings send out CO2 to raise local levels to 630 parts per million, matching the projected global average for 2080, while the others act as controls. Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels. Scientists will measure how this “time machine” affects the forest’s health. They will track photosynthesis rates, carbon storage in roots and leaves, and changes in soil water content. They also want to see how increased CO2 impacts water loss from trees, which could help individual plants survive droughts but might ultimately reduce overall rainfall in the region. Despite being proposed in 1991, the research faced years of funding struggles before finally securing support from backers. Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment. Now fully operational, the project promises to provide real-world data to improve climate models, revealing whether the Amazon will remain a thick carbon sink or transform into a dry savanna (稀树草原) in the coming century. 5．What is the Amazon FACE project aimed at? A．Raising critical questions. B．Figuring out human emissions. C．Changing the forest environment. D．Modeling to address climate issues. 6．What are doubtful researchers mainly worried about? A．The soil becoming too dry. B．The forest dying out. C．The nutrients disappearing fast. D．Disasters occurring more often. 7．What does the project involve in managing the carbon dioxide levels? A．Matching the global average. B．Shifting root storage. C．Making adjustments digitally. D．Monitoring the growth of trees. 8．What funny incident occurred during the project’s construction phase? A．A carbon sink was discovered. B．Money was secured from backers. C．The forest turned into a savanna. D．Extreme weather postponed delivery. 【科技发明类】 Passage 1 （2026年四川省绵竹中学6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. The device, known as the NEO system, was developed by Shanghai-based company Neuracle Medical Technology. On March 13, China’s National Medical Products Administration granted it a Class III medical device certificate — the country’s highest regulatory classification—allowing it to enter clinical use. Zeng Yuhang, an engineer at Neuracle, told Shanghai-based outlet The Paper that the implanted sensors are about the size of a coin. The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术) approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality. The system is also battery-free. A magnetic coil powers the implant wirelessly, eliminating the need for patients to remove the device for charging. After implantation, patients may be able to operate the system independently at home about one month after surgery. One participant in the trial, identified only by the surname Dong, joined the study in October2024. After more than a year of rehabilitation (复原) training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down. Two days after the NEO system received clearance, Shanghai announced three BCI research centers at the Shanghai International Forum on Lansheng Brain Science and BCI. Two of them led by Shanghai Lansheng Brain Medical Research Co., Ltd., will focus on innovative research and AI integration. And the third led by Tongji University Affiliated Tianyou Hospital will work on targeted neuromodulation (神经调节) therapy. Mao Ying, president of Huashan Hospital — which has conducted the largest number of clinical trial cases—said future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again by targeting recovery in the lower limbs. However, he cautioned that BCI technology remains in its early stages. “We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.” 1．What makes the NEO system special? A．Complete cure for brains. B．Frequent battery changes. C．Direct control of human brain. D．First commercial invasive BCI. 2．What can we learn about the epidural implantation? A．It causes serious brain damage. B．It is for minor injury patients only. C．It maintains signal quality while keeping the risk low. D．It costs more than traditional surgeries. 3．Why is Dong’s example mentioned? A．To present BCI’s commercial use. B．To explain implantation procedures. C．To show writing without brain signals. D．To prove NEO system’s effectiveness. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical. Passage 2 （2025-2026学年度湖南省常德市上学期2月高三检测考试一模） Just a few years ago, agricultural drones (无人机) were expensive, small and difficult to use, limiting their appeal to farmers. In contrast, today’s models can be flown immediately after purchase and carry loads weighing up to 220 pounds — the weight of two sacks of fertilizer (肥料). Agricultural drones are now similar to flying tractors. They can perform numerous tasks using different hardware attachments. Common uses for drones on farms include spraying crops, spreading fertilizer, sowing seeds, transporting produce, monitoring livestock locations and well-being. This wide range of use makes drones valuable for growing numerous crops, on farms of all sizes. China leads the world in agricultural drone manufacturing and adoption. In 2016, a Chinese company introduced the first agriculture-specific drone. There are now more than250,000 agricultural drones reported to be in use there. Other middle-income countries have also been enthusiastic adopters. For instance, drones were used on 30% of Thailand’s farmland in 2023, up from almost none in 2019. In the U.S., the number of agricultural drones registered with the Federal Aviation Administration leaped from about 1,000 in January 2024to around 5,500 in mid-2025. Apart from saving farmers time and money, drones may also help make agriculture more attractive to rural youth, who are disillusioned with the hardship and boredom of traditional farming. In addition, drones create new skilled employment opportunities in rural areas for pilots, many of whom are young people. Drones spray and spread fertilizers and seeds evenly and efficiently, so that less is wasted. They may also reduce damage to crops in the field and consume less energy. These factors may increase the amount of food that can be produced on each acre of land. However, much of the evidence so far on yield (产量) gains from drone-assisted farming is based on individual accounts, or on small studies or industry reports. Although early signs point to big benefits: greater efficiency, safer working conditions and improved rural livelihoods, the full picture isn’t clear yet. 5．Which of the following is the characteristic of today’s agricultural drones? A．They are multi-functional. B．They are only suitable for big farms. C．They are light and flexible. D．They are costly and hard to operate. 6．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The sharp rise of agricultural drones’ use. B．The convenience agricultural drones bring. C．The increasing demand for advanced drones. D．The development of agricultural drones in China. 7．What does the underlined phrase “disillusioned with” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Tolerant of. B．Fed up with. C．Unfamiliar with. D．Interested in. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards agricultural drones? A．Opposed. B．Worried. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 【健康医学类】 Passage 1 （2025-2026学年浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测英语试题） Grief can bring waves of heartache but for most people those feelings gradually fade. For some, they don’t. The loss remains intense, persistent, and difficult to handle in daily life. This condition, known as prolonged grief disorder (PGD), was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) in 2022. “There’s something blocking their ability to finally say ‘I have to accept this,’” says Katherine Shear, director of the Center for Prolonged Grief at Columbia University. Researchers are now beginning to understand why PGD may involve breakdowns in the brain systems that govern attachment and reward, according to a 2026 study published in Trends in Neurosciences. In people with prolonged grief those systems may continue to signal that the lost loved one is still expected, creating conflict between memory and reality. PGD is a “long-term, intense painful reaction to loss”, says Holly Prigerson at Weill Cornell Medicine. Individuals remain “stuck”, marked by persistent yearning and not accepting the reality of the loss. Grief is considered PGD when symptoms last longer than 12 months. How does it affect the brain? Regions involved in reward and motivation appear to remain active. “People with severe grief are still expecting the existence of what is gone, making it harder for the brain to update and accept the loss,” says Shear. Research published in 2020 also found that PGD involves different activity patterns in the amygdala (大脑杏仁核). PGD can lead to a higher risk of death. One explanation is that prolonged grief keeps the body in a lasting stress response. High levels of cortisol can hurt the heart system and interfere with immune function. The most common treatment is Prolonged Grief Therapy. “The treatment focuses on helping people accept the reality of the loss and restore their capacity for well-being, but formal recognition of PGD is crucial, as it ensures accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for those stuck in this disabling experience.” Shear explains. 1．What is PGD according to the text? A．Grief that can’t be treated. B．Grief that brings heartaches. C．Grief that comes from great loss. D．Grief that doesn’t ease with time. 2．What does the study published in 2026 mainly focus on? A．Who PGD affects. B．What PGD brings. C．How PGD works. D．Why PGD spreads. 3．How does PGD affect humans according to Katherine Shear? A．It disturbs brain functions. B．It reduces memory activity. C．It weakens the immune system. D．It shortens people’s lifetime. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Official identification of PGD leads to better medical help. B．Well-being can be recovered with short-term PGD therapy. C．Reality acceptance of the loss is the main goal of curing PGD． D．Recognition of PGD largely relies on patients’ self-awareness. Passage 2 （2026届广东东莞市塘厦中学高三第二学期考前模拟英语试题） Many people take vitamin D supplements (补充剂) to keep their bones strong and their immune (免疫) system healthy, especially during winter when sunlight is not enough. However, not all supplements are the same. There are two main types: vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Recent research from British universities reveals a surprising fact: taking vitamin D2 might actually lower the body’s levels of vitamin D3, which is the form our bodies produce naturally from sunlight and use most effectively. A study published in Nutrition Reviews examined data from several trials. It found that people who took vitamin D2 saw their vitamin D3 levels drop compared to those who did not take D2. In many cases, their D3 levels fell even lower than the average. Emily Brown, the lead researcher, explained that while supplements are vital between October and March, choosing the wrong type could be counterproductive. This finding supports earlier research showing that D2 and D3 play different roles in immune function. Professor Colin Smith noted that only vitamin D3 seems to activate a key part of the immune system called the type I interferon signalling system. This system acts as a first line of defence against viruses and bacteria. Therefore, maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D3 could help prevent infections, whereas D2 does not appear to offer the same protection. Experts emphasize the need for further research to confirm these differences. Professor Cathie Martin highlighted the importance of making plant-based vitamin D3 available in the UK, as current options are often limited. With vitamin D deficiency being a major public health issue, especially in winter, choosing the most effective supplement is crucial for national health. In conclusion, while taking vitamin D is important, the type matters significantly. To best support your immune system and overall health, it may be wise to choose vitamin D3 over D2. As science continues to uncover the unique functions of these vitamins, consumers should stay informed to make the best choices for their well-being. 5．What is the main disadvantage of taking vitamin D2 supplements mentioned in the text? A．They are too expensive for most people. B．They reduce the body’s natural vitamin D3 levels. C．They cause serious side effects in winter. D．They are not recommended by the government. 6．Why is vitamin D3 considered more effective for immune protection? A．It is cheaper to produce than vitamin D2. B．It helps the body absorb more sunlight. C．It activates a key defence system against diseases. D．It is the only type available in the UK market. 7．What can be inferred from Professor Cathie Martin’s statement? A．Plant-based vitamin D3 is currently hard to get in the UK. B．Vitamin D2 is better for people who eat plants. C．The government should ban vitamin D2 supplements. D．Most people do not need vitamin D supplements. 8．What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A．To advertise a new type of vitamin supplement. B．To compare the prices of different vitamins. C．To warn people about a common supplement mistake. D．To explain how sunlight produces vitamin D． 【历史文化类】 Passage 1 （2026年四川省绵竹中学 6月高考适应性考试） In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self. The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections. Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions. To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are. 1．What is the primary function of algorithms? A．To predict future preferences. B．To provide digital security. C．To record users’ past behavior. D．To encourage creative thinking. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．The history of online behavior. B．The restriction of repetitive cycles. C．The benefits of personalized data. D．The importance of cultural diversity. 3．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A skill for future life. B．A result of excessive data. C．A way to save time. D．A loss of independence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives. B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System. C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes. D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms. Passage 2 （2026届湖北黄冈市黄梅县育才高级中学高三考前模拟预测） Have you ever noticed people around you who always seem to be “creating drama”? John always turns minor workplace disagreements into intense conflicts, describing them as if they were plot twists in a horror movie. Emily on social media carefully selects every photo to present her life as a series of idealized moments, each post framed as an essential scene in her personal story. Or consider Mark, who often expects special treatment in group settings and reacts with visible disappointment when he isn’t given priority. In doing so, they often struggle to genuinely understand or empathize with the experiences of those around them. Such behavior is characteristic of what is commonly referred to as “main character syndrome”. What causes this syndrome? Cultural and media influences, such as movies, books and TV shows centered on a single character, shape people’s perception of their own life roles. Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook and TikTok further facilitate this tendency by rewarding self-presentation and attention-seeking behaviors. Additionally, personalities like narcissistic tendencies or emotional struggles such as insecurity and low self-esteem, as well as self-focused family upbringing, can increase the likelihood of developing such a mindset. This mindset is not entirely negative, as framing oneself as life’s leading role can develop a strong sense of purpose and motivation, encouraging individuals to pursue their goals with greater confidence and determination. However, its potential downsides often outweigh these benefits: It breeds more than enough self-centeredness, weakens interpersonal empathy, and ruins genuine relationships by reducing others to mere “supporting roles” rather than equals in mutual interactions. Since main character syndrome is not a formally recognized psychological disorder, there is no targeted medical treatment for it. Nevertheless, practical approaches can effectively address its underlying issues: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals adjust self-centered behaviors and address interpersonal relationships; empathy training enhances the ability to understand and appreciate others’ feelings; mindfulness practices promote a more grounded and less self-focused perspective; and social skills workshops develop collaborative and empathetic interpersonal relationships. Together, these practices cultivate balanced self-awareness and fuel meaningful personal growth. 5．How does the author illustrate the term “main character syndrome”? A．By giving examples. B．By defining a concept. C．By quoting an expert. D．By providing statistics. 6．Who is most likely to have the main character syndrome? A．Students absorbed in social media. B．Teenagers modelling roles in the movies. C．People struggling with physical disabilities. D．Children prioritized by overprotective parents. 7．What is the author’s attitude toward the main character syndrome? A．Unclear. B．Critical. C．Favorable. D．Dismissive. 8．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Star of Your Own Story? B．To Focus on Yourself or Others? C．Acting in the Way You Wish? D．Right to Be the Main Character? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司7 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 考向一 自燃生态类 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 考向二 历史文化类 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D 【社会研究类】 Passage1 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D 【自然生态类】 Passage 1 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C Passage 2 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A Passage 3 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A Passage 4 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D Passage 5 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B Passage 6 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D Passage 7 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A Passage 8 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B Passage 9 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 【科技发明类】 Passage1 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 【健康医学类】 Passage1 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A Passage2 28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A Passage3 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 【社会研究类】 Passage1 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage2 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 【自然生态类】 Passage1 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage2 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 【科技发明类】 Passage1 1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B Passage2 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 【健康医学类】 Passage1 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A Passage2 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 【历史文化类】 Passage1 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A Passage2 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 命题解读 考向 考查统计 一 特点： 阅读理解说明文一般分布在C/D, 是一种以客观、清晰、有条理的方式向读者介绍或解释某个事物、现象、概念、流程或事理的文体，核心特征是聚焦 “说明清楚”，多用定义、分类、数据、举例等手法，不掺杂主观说服或叙事抒情。 二 高频考点： 高考试卷中的说明文可大致分为科技发明类；自然生态类；健康医学类；社会研究类；历史类。 三 解题策略： 1. 先读题干，划关键词； 2. 然后定位原文，精读定位句； 3．比对选项，排除干扰； 4. 确认答案，回文验证。 考向一 科技发明类（AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展） （2026·全国二卷·阅读D） （2024·全国二卷·阅读D） 考向二 自然生态类（气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护） （2026·全国一/二卷·阅读C） （2026·浙江1月卷·阅读D） （2025·全国一卷·阅读D） （2025·全国二卷·阅读C） （2024·全国一卷·阅读D，C） （2024·浙江1月卷·阅读B,C） 考向三 健康医学类（疾病研究、饮食营养、运动科学、心理健康） （2025·全国二卷·阅读D） （2024·全国甲卷·阅读C） （2024·浙江1月卷·阅读D） 考向四 社会研究类（教育方式、行为心理、社交关系） （2026·浙江1月卷·阅读C） 考向五 历史文化类（语言演变、节日起源、建筑风格） （2026全国一卷 D） 1.说明文选材通常是科技领域的最新科研成果(介绍最新科技、重大成就、新产品、新工艺等)；人们比较关心的社会问题和令人好奇的自然现象以及人文地理、风土人情等等。 2.题型涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。以细节理解和推理判断为主。 3.从段落组织方式上分五种：总分式结构；并列式结构；对照式结构；递进式结构；连贯式结构。 4.说明文常见的说明方法有：定义与诠释、举例与引用、分类与图表、比较与比喻和分析与综合等。 5.如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象或是关注文章主题句、各段首末句明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。 6. 破解长难句：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 考向一 自然生态类 （2026·全国二卷·阅读C） The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 28. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables are misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author’s research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 30. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 31. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。 原文出处 本文节 选自Wilko Graf von Hardenberg所著Sea Level: A History(University of Chicago Press, 2024)一书的引言部分。 百科知识 ●sea level(海平面)：指海洋表面的平均高度，是测量陆地上海拔高度的基准参考面。海平面的确定需要考虑潮夕(tide)、波浪、海水温度和盐度变化等多种因素。由于地球重力场分布不均，不同海域的海平面高度并不完全一致，因此全球统一的海平面基准面需要通过长期观测和复杂计算来确定。 ●Chimborazo(钦博拉索山):位于南美洲厄瓜多尔的休眠火山(dormant volcano)。该山海拔6263.47米，为厄瓜多尔最高峰。虽然它的海拔高度比珠峰低，但因地球赤道半径膨胀效应，其峰顶到地心的距离比珠峰多出约2.15千米，该特性使其被国际地质学界认定为“地球最厚点”或“世界厚之地”。 ●Mont Blanc(勃朗峰，又译为白朗峰)：阿尔卑斯山的最高峰，位于法国的上萨瓦省和意大利的瓦莱达奥斯塔的交界处。勃朗峰海拔4805.59米，是西欧的最高峰。 ●Pradidali Hut(普拉迪达利山屋)：位于意大利多洛米蒂山脉(Dolomitcs)的一座高山避难所，主要服务于登山者和徒步旅行者。 ●Dolomites(多洛米蒂山)：位于意大利北部阿尔卑斯山脉，由18座海拔超过3000米的山峰组成。其独特的地理特征表现为白云岩构成的光秃锥形山峰、垂直山壁和深长河谷。2009年，多洛米蒂山被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产(World Natural Hcritage)，被称为“阿尔卑斯后花园”。 语言知识 重难单词 1.peak n. 山峰 2.hut n. (简陋的)小屋 3.reading n. [熟词生义](仪表的)读数4.relative adj. 相比较而言的 5.around adv.[熟词生义]存在着 6.assumption n. 假设 7.pass n. [熟词生义]山道 8.examine v. 仔细研究 9.crucial adj. 关键性的 10.mean adj. [熟词生义]平均的 11.mirror v. [熟词生义]反映 12.urgent adj. 紧迫的 13.initiate v. 开始实施，发起 14.wearable n. 可穿戴设备 15.numerically adv. 用数字表示地 16.essentially adv. 基本上 17.unnoticed adj. 被忽视的 18.technically adv. 技术上 19.culturally adv. 文化上 20. appropriately adv. 适当地 21.slightly adv. 略微地 22.uncertainty n. 不确定(性) 23.conceptual adj. 概念的 24.conception n. 认知，理解 25.overall adj. 全部的 重难词块 common practice 惯常做法 be readily available 唾手可得 take shape 成形 place sth. historically 从历史角度审视某事 长难句分析 The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed— we mention it without even considering what it means. 分析：本句主干为 The idea has been around。for so long as to go essentially unnoticed为结果状语；破折号后we mention it without even considering what it means是对前句的补充说明，其中what it means为宾语从句，作considering 的宾语。 翻译:海平面作为海拔参照点的概念由来已久，以至于几乎被忽视--我们提到它时甚至不会去想它意味着什么。 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B 【语篇导读】文章主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. (但海拔必定是相对的：只有选择一个参考点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或位置的高度。) ”可知，作者在文章开头指出海拔的概念是相对的。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. (在Pradidali小屋附近的山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什么不同仪器之间的读数略有差异？这种不确定性让我开始思考零的含义。这就是我开始探究海平面概念史的原因。)”可推知，本段主要讲述了作者研究工作的起因。 【30题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.(自从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升的问题以及将它置于历史背景下的必要性变得愈发紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总体上升幅度的一半。)”可知，划线词“it”指代前文提到的“the issue of sea-level rise”中的“the issue”，即海平面上升的问题。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions.(这个概念有一段历史很容易被忽视。我们往往忘记海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些假设的故事。)”以及第四段“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.(在这本书中，我考察了平均海平面历史的三个关键阶段。)”可推知，该书主要探讨海平面的历史。因此，这本书最合适的标题是“海平面：一段历史”。 考向二 历史文化类 （2026全国一卷 D） A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 34. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D 【语篇导读】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive ( 认知的 ) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项剑桥大学的研究，发现深度欣赏艺术之美能提升抽象思维能力。 原文出处 本文来自美联社(AP)2024年12月18日，名为Barcelona subway recycles energy from braking into power to charge electric cars的文章。 语言知识 重难单词 conduct v. 进行 merely adv. 仅仅 actively adv. 主动地 exhibition n. 展览 handmade adj. 手工制作的 clay n. 黏土 object n. 物品 participant n. 参与者 randomly adv. 随机地 rate v. [名词动化]评估 process v. 处理 practical adj. 实际的 score v. 得分 measure v. 评估 transformative adj. 具有变革性的 enlighten v. 启发 inspire v. 赋予灵感 engagement n. (与.....密切关系 overall adj. 总体的 positivity n. 积极性 concrete adj. [熟词生义]具体的 admirer v. 欣赏 initiate v. 开始 重难词块 be divided into 被分为 match sth. with sth. 使某物与某物相匹配 on average 平均 in ... terms 从......角度 zone out 走神 let the mind wander 让思绪漫游 broaden one's mind 拓宽思路 长难句分析 Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. 分析：本句主干为 the beauty group did not report feeling any happier。suggesting that为动词-ing形式作结果状语；that引导宾语从句。从句中使用了 it was... that...强调句型，强调的部分是 the engagement with beauty, rather than any overall positivity是与之比较的成分。 翻译: 然而，重要的是，审美组并没有报告他们比对照组感到更快乐这表明影响抽象思维的是与美的互动本身，而非他们本次体验带来的总体积极感受。 【技巧点拨】 1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序（如事物的发展变化）、空间顺序（如建筑结构）、逻辑顺序（因果、现象与本质）。 2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较（对比说明相异、类比说明相似）、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。 3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。 【社会研究类】 Passage 1 （2026浙江一月卷C） Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 8. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Its design. B. Its findings. C. Its purposes. D. Its significance. 9. What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Funny. B. Abusive. C. Insightful. D. Praising. 10. What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A. A long, positive one. B. An unemotional, negative one. C. A short, negative one. D. An enthusiastic, positive one. 11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Many companies are producing fake reviews. B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. 【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于虚假评论的一项研究，包括研究设计、结果发现以及AI生成虚假评论带来的识别难题等内容。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel.(该研究使用了芝加哥酒店的1600条评论作为数据集，其中一些是真实的，另一些是虚假的。这些评论被呈现给400名受试者，每位受试者要阅读8条评论：两组均衡的评论，包括2条虚假好评、2条真实好评、2条虚假差评和2条真实差评，以随机顺序呈现。这些评论由获得酒店相关信息的真实人员撰写。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了这项研究的数据集、受试者以及评论呈现方式等，即研究的设计情况。B项“它的发现”、C项“它的目的”、D项“它的意义”均未在第二段体现，故选A项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.(另一方面，冗长的好评被认为是可疑的，受试者往往更信任那些保持glowing评论简短的作者。)”可知，此处“glowing reviews”与前文“positive review（好评）”构成同义指代，由此猜测glowing意为“赞美的、表扬的”。A项“有趣的”、B项“辱骂的”、C项“有洞察力的”均不符合语境，故选D项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants.(一条包含大量信息的冗长酒店差评，往往更能让受试者信服。)”和“The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.(负面评论越冷静客观，就越有可能让读者相信。)”可知，读者最有可能相信的是冷静客观、不带强烈情绪的差评。A项“冗长的好评”与“冗长的好评被认为可疑”相悖；C项“简短的差评”与“冗长的差评更有说服力”不符；D项“热情洋溢的好评”与“情绪强烈的评论不被信任”相悖，故选B项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.(为阿齐米的研究撰写的虚假评论是由人类编写的，但如今越来越多的虚假评论由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起来更真实。尽管许多公司使用算法来清除虚假评论，但阿齐米指出，这些机器是由人类编程的，而考虑到我们识别虚假评论的能力有限，这并不是一个好迹象。)”可推断，随着AI生成的虚假评论越来越逼真，未来识别虚假评论将会变得更加困难。A项“许多公司在生成虚假评论”文中未提及；B项“撰写虚假评论将被宣布为非法”文中未提及；C项“机器能准确检测虚假评论”与“算法由人类编程，识别能力有限”相悖，故选D项。 【自然生态类】 Passage 1 （2026浙江一月卷D） Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 12. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 13. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 14. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 15. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI工具SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization ( 优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2026全国一卷C） In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people’s health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about. B. Unaware of. C. Related to. D. Optimistic about. 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 【语篇导读】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 Passage 3 （2025浙江1月卷C） A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。 28.词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 29. 事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develop low-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas of parkland ...need minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。 30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavors、playing with color and form、Beautiful、enjoy the smallest detail、the sound of grasses、the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjoy的概括。 31. 主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。 Passage 4 (2025全国一卷D) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类身体里。)”可推断，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.( 至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，决定在水中捕获微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故选A。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.( 尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 35.细节理解题。根据最后一段的““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”( 格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。”)”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了这项发现的潜在应用，升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 Passage 5 (2025全国二卷C) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. 30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 Passage 6 (2024新课标I卷D) In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 Passage 7 (2024新课标I卷C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 Passage 8 (2024全国甲卷B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph? A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats. C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age. 25. How does a pet cat assess different situations? A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects. C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats. 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。 26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 Passage 9 (2024浙江1月卷C) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 28. What does the project aim to do? A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones. C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming. 29. Who are opposed to the project? A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies. C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton 30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D. To show the link between storms and moisture. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 【答案】28. B29. A30. C31. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。 30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。 【科技发明类】 Passage 1 (2024新课标II卷D) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 【健康医学类】 Passage 1 (2025全国二卷D) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 35. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)”可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。 34.主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 Passage 2 (2024全国甲卷C) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 Passage 3 （2024浙江1月卷D） The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. 33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 34. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。 【社会研究类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟考试） In forests, certain fungi (真菌) attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide. However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead. White rot fungi, for example, break down lignin — a strong organic polymer that gives wood its rigidity — by using enzymes, which are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions within cells. “We reasoned that if these fungi can decay decay-resistant hardwoods, especially lignin, they might possess some tools to decay other polymers as well,” says Renuka Attanayake, a plant pathology professor at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka. To test this theory, researchers collected 50 fungal samples from rotting wood in a dry forest in Sri Lanka. They were placed in two different conditions: one dish contained only plastic (low-density polyethylene), while the other offered a choice between plastic and wood. After a 45-day observation period, the results showed a clear preference. Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups. More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was available.” Scientists do not yet know how the fungi’s chemical pathways change when consuming polyethylene, but white rot fungi use oxidizing enzymes to break down both wood and plastic. So far, over 430 species of fungi and bacteria have been found to break down plastic. If these enzymes can be identified and replicated, they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year, much of which ends up in landfills or spills into the ocean instead of being recycled. This study represents a small step toward understanding how fungi could help address plastic pollution. Nevertheless, scientists must first test how wood-decaying fungi perform in different conditions, such as landfills, and whether they pose a threat to native trees. “Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “gravitated toward” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Broke down naturally. B．Moved away from. C．Reacted violently to. D．Showed a preference for. 2．What can be inferred about the fungi from the 45-day experiment? A．They cannot eat plastic if wood is available. B．They use plastic as a survival strategy when hungry. C．They need wood to activate the enzymes needed. D．They break down plastic faster than natural wood 3．What is Attanayake’s attitude towards the application of this technology? A．Critical and doubtful. B．Enthusiastic and blind. C．Supportive but reserved. D．Skeptical but open-minded. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Fungi: From Wood Decay to Plastic Solution B．Fungi: A New Hope for Forest Conservation C．Fungi: A Complete Guide to Their Life Cycle D．Fungi: The Only Hope for Plastic Pollution 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍腐木真菌本以树木木质素为食，在缺少食物时可分解塑料；斯里兰卡教授团队通过45天对照实验证实该真菌代谢灵活，无木材时也能高效降解塑料，科学家有望复制其酶处理塑料垃圾，但该技术落地还需更多研究验证。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“Although the fungi naturally gravitated toward the wood, they still succeeded in breaking down the plastic in both groups.(尽管这些真菌天生gravitated toward木材，但两组实验里它们依旧能分解塑料。)”及第一段“In forests, certain fungi attach themselves to trees and fallen logs to break down the carbon within their wood and release it as carbon dioxide.(在森林中，部分真菌依附在树木与枯木上，分解木材内部的碳元素，并将其以二氧化碳的形式释放出来。)”可知，这些真菌依附在树木与枯木上，再结合后半句出现的让步逻辑，说明木材是真菌更喜爱的食物，gravitated toward意为“偏爱、倾向选择”。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“More importantly, in the absence of wood, the degradation rate remained significant, pointing to an evolutionary survival mechanism. “These organisms are metabolically flexible,” Attanayake notes. “This may be an evolutionary advantage — the fungi had to survive on whatever was-available.”(更重要的是，在没有木材的情况下，塑料降解效率依旧十分可观，这体现出一种进化形成的生存机制。Attanayake指出：“这类生物的代谢方式具备很强的适应性。这或许是一种进化优势 —— 真菌只能依靠身边一切可获取的物质维持生存。”)”可知，缺少食物时真菌会利用塑料维持生存。 3．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段““Under restricted conditions we may use this one day, but much more research is needed,” Attanayake said.(Attanayake表示：“在限定条件下这项技术未来或许能投入使用，但仍需开展大量研究。”)”可知，她支持该技术应用，但态度保守谨慎，认为还有诸多问题待研究。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“However, when their preferred meal is unavailable, these wood-decaying fungi can consume plastic instead.(然而，当喜爱的食物短缺时，这类腐木真菌可以转而分解塑料。)”以及第四段“they could eventually help remove some of the 400 million tonnes of plastic waste produced each year (它们最终有望处理每年数亿吨塑料垃圾)”并结合全文内容可知，全文围绕真菌既能分解木材，又可降解塑料、有望解决塑料污染展开论述，故最佳标题是“真菌：从分解木材到解决塑料难题”。 Passage 2 （2026届山东省九五高中协作体高考最后一卷英语试题） A new study offers fresh insight into how people assess the environmental impact of the foods they eat, and the results suggest many are getting it wrong. These misunderstandings point to a clear need for simple environmental impact labels to help guide better choices. Researchers from the University of Nottingham’s School of Psychology asked 168 participants in the UK to sort a wide variety of supermarket foods into environmental impact categories of their own making. Participants were also shown scientific estimates of each product’s environmental impact and asked whether the results were higher or lower than they expected. The study found that people tend to assess the impact of food using two main factors: whether the food comes from animals or plants, and how processed it is. In general, participants assumed that meat and dairy products, as well as highly processed foods, are worse for the environment. However, these assumptions sometimes belie reality. Many participants overestimated the environmental impact of processed foods while underestimating the impact of water-intensive (高耗水的) products. They were also surprised to learn how much higher the environmental impact of beef is compared to other meats like chicken. Food production plays a major role in environmental issues, including greenhouse gases and biodiversity loss. Encouraging more sustainable eating habits depends in part on understanding how people perceive the environmental footprint of different foods. Daniel Fletcher, lead author of the study, said, “We found participants would be willing to change their purchasing behavior based on this task, but they may struggle to compare the environmental impact of animal-based products and highly processed foods because they see their effects as too different to weigh against each other. Environmental impact data on food products is opening up new possibilities for this research, and labels that give foods a single overall grade (such as A-E) could help make these comparisons easier for consumers, thus allowing people to make sustainable food choices.” 5．What do the researchers hope to find out about the participants? A．Their understanding of food quality. B．Their preferences for popular food. C．Their methods for food categorization. D．Their view of food’s ecological cost. 6．What does the underlined word “belie” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Ignore. B．Affect. C．Disclose. D．Mismatch. 7．What do consumers require according to Daniel Fletcher? A．Change of shopping behavior. B．A uniform grading system. C．More data on food consumption. D．A comparison of different foods. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To advise on food choices. B．To call for food eco-labels. C．To advocate good eating habits. D．To show dietary carbon footprint. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．B 8．B 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了一项关于人们如何评估食物对环境影响的心理学研究及其发现。 【详解】5．细节理解题。​ 根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Nottingham’s School of Psychology asked 168 participants in the UK to sort a wide variety of supermarket foods into environmental impact categories of their own making.(诺丁汉大学心理学院的研究人员要求英国168名参与者将各种超市食品按自己设定的环境影响类别进行分类)”可知，研究人员希望了解参与者对食物生态成本的看法。 6．词句猜测题。​ 根据第四段中“However, these assumptions sometimes belie reality. Many participants overestimated the environmental impact of processed foods while underestimating the impact of water-intensive products.(然而，这些假设有时会与现实belie。许多参与者高估了加工食品对环境的影响，却低估了高耗水产品的影响)”可知，许多参与者高估了加工食品对环境的影响，却低估了高耗水产品的影响，说明人们的假设与现实不符，即不匹配，所以划线单词的意思为“不匹配”。 7．细节理解题。​ 根据最后一段中“Environmental impact data on food products is opening up new possibilities for this research, and labels that give foods a single overall grade (such as A-E) could help make these comparisons easier for consumers, thus allowing people to make sustainable food choices.(食品的环境影响数据正在为这项研究开辟新的可能性，而那些为食品提供单一综合评级（如A-E）的标签，则有助于消费者更轻松地进行此类比较，从而让人们做出可持续的食品选择)”可知，消费者需要一个统一的评分系统来帮助比较。 8．推理判断题。​ 根据第一段中“These misunderstandings point to a clear need for simple environmental impact labels to help guide better choices.(这些误解表明，迫切需要简单的环境影响标签来帮助引导更好的选择)”以及全文内容可知，本文旨在通过介绍研究结果来呼吁推广食品生态标签。 【自然生态类】 Passage 1 （2026届云南省红河州、文山州高三第四次州统测三模英语试题） Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 1．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 2．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 3．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 4．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【语篇导读】本文介绍了候鸟在生态系统中的作用、气候变化对其的影响及专家建议的保护措施，强调人与鸟类命运共存。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security.(这样一来，它们在维持自然平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们在各地飞行，为植物授粉、传播种子，并通过捕食昆虫和其他无脊椎动物来防治虫害，从而帮助维护生态系统的健康，而这反过来又促进了粮食安全)”可知，鸟类迁徙对维持生态平衡起到重要作用。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds.(小型甲壳类动物是候鸟的重要食物来源，但在因吸收过多二氧化碳而酸化加剧的海水中，它们难以形成外壳和骨架。这对候鸟产生了连锁反应)”可知，海洋酸化导致甲壳类动物难以形成外壳（食物源减少），直接影响鸟类生存。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties.(相反，Rilla建议通过敦促各国政府借助国际条约来扩大保护区网络，以此帮助这些“旅行者”)”可知，Rilla建议通过国际条约敦促政府扩大鸟类迁徙的保护区域。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一句“In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.”(换言之，正如Rillo所言：“发生在它们身上的事，也可能会发生在我们身上。”)”以及结合前文提到的候鸟对生态平衡、粮食安全的重要性可知，这句话暗示人类依赖候鸟，它们的生存状况与人类息息相关。 Passage 2 （2026届河南部分重点中学高三5月联考暨考前演练英语试卷） Deep in the Amazon jungle, an unusual experiment is underway. Brazilian and British scientists are releasing thousands of tonnes of carbon dioxide from giant towers into the forest. While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate. The decade-long project, running until 2036, aims to resolve a sharp divide among climate modelers. Many predict that higher CO2 levels will boost photosynthesis (光合作用), causing trees to grow faster and absorb more human emissions (排放物) — a process known as carbon fertilization. However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming. To find the truth, researchers have set up giant forest towers in six rings among the trees. Three rings send out CO2 to raise local levels to 630 parts per million, matching the projected global average for 2080, while the others act as controls. Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels. Scientists will measure how this “time machine” affects the forest’s health. They will track photosynthesis rates, carbon storage in roots and leaves, and changes in soil water content. They also want to see how increased CO2 impacts water loss from trees, which could help individual plants survive droughts but might ultimately reduce overall rainfall in the region. Despite being proposed in 1991, the research faced years of funding struggles before finally securing support from backers. Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment. Now fully operational, the project promises to provide real-world data to improve climate models, revealing whether the Amazon will remain a thick carbon sink or transform into a dry savanna (稀树草原) in the coming century. 5．What is the Amazon FACE project aimed at? A．Raising critical questions. B．Figuring out human emissions. C．Changing the forest environment. D．Modeling to address climate issues. 6．What are doubtful researchers mainly worried about? A．The soil becoming too dry. B．The forest dying out. C．The nutrients disappearing fast. D．Disasters occurring more often. 7．What does the project involve in managing the carbon dioxide levels? A．Matching the global average. B．Shifting root storage. C．Making adjustments digitally. D．Monitoring the growth of trees. 8．What funny incident occurred during the project’s construction phase? A．A carbon sink was discovered. B．Money was secured from backers. C．The forest turned into a savanna. D．Extreme weather postponed delivery. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D 【语篇导读】文章介绍了在亚马孙雨林进行的FACE项目，旨在模拟未来高二氧化碳浓度的大气环境，以研究其对森林生态系统的实际影响，解决气候模型中的分歧。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate.(虽然这听起来像是破坏环境的行为，但这项耗资五千万美元的亚马逊FACE项目有着重要目的：模拟未来大气状况，并解答有关地球气候的关键问题。)”可知，该项目旨在通过模拟环境来解决气候相关问题。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming.(然而，持怀疑态度的科学家担心，土壤养分不足，再加上气温升高和严重干旱，反而会导致这片森林逐渐消亡，进而加剧全球变暖。)”可知，心存疑虑的研究人员主要担心森林会走向消亡。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels.(计算机系统会仔细监测风速，并调整气体释放量，以保持二氧化碳浓度稳定。)”可知，该项目依靠数字化设备调控二氧化碳浓度。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment.(有趣的是，受气候变化影响，严重干旱导致河流水位下降，延误了施工设备的运送工作。)”可知，极端天气推迟了设备运输，这是项目建设期间发生的趣事。 【科技发明类】 Passage 1 （2026年四川省绵竹中学6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. The device, known as the NEO system, was developed by Shanghai-based company Neuracle Medical Technology. On March 13, China’s National Medical Products Administration granted it a Class III medical device certificate — the country’s highest regulatory classification—allowing it to enter clinical use. Zeng Yuhang, an engineer at Neuracle, told Shanghai-based outlet The Paper that the implanted sensors are about the size of a coin. The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术) approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality. The system is also battery-free. A magnetic coil powers the implant wirelessly, eliminating the need for patients to remove the device for charging. After implantation, patients may be able to operate the system independently at home about one month after surgery. One participant in the trial, identified only by the surname Dong, joined the study in October2024. After more than a year of rehabilitation (复原) training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down. Two days after the NEO system received clearance, Shanghai announced three BCI research centers at the Shanghai International Forum on Lansheng Brain Science and BCI. Two of them led by Shanghai Lansheng Brain Medical Research Co., Ltd., will focus on innovative research and AI integration. And the third led by Tongji University Affiliated Tianyou Hospital will work on targeted neuromodulation (神经调节) therapy. Mao Ying, president of Huashan Hospital — which has conducted the largest number of clinical trial cases—said future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again by targeting recovery in the lower limbs. However, he cautioned that BCI technology remains in its early stages. “We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.” 1．What makes the NEO system special? A．Complete cure for brains. B．Frequent battery changes. C．Direct control of human brain. D．First commercial invasive BCI. 2．What can we learn about the epidural implantation? A．It causes serious brain damage. B．It is for minor injury patients only. C．It maintains signal quality while keeping the risk low. D．It costs more than traditional surgeries. 3．Why is Dong’s example mentioned? A．To present BCI’s commercial use. B．To explain implantation procedures. C．To show writing without brain signals. D．To prove NEO system’s effectiveness. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【语篇导读】文章介绍了中国批准了全球首个商业用侵入式脑机接口设备NEO系统，并阐述了其技术特点、临床试验效果以及未来发展方向。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. (在中国监管机构批准了官员所称的全球首个获准用于患者的商业用侵入式脑机接口设备几天后，上海宣布了三个新的研究中心，旨在加速该技术的发展。)”可知，NEO系统的特别之处在于它是首个商业用侵入式脑机接口设备。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术)approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality.(该设备采用硬膜外植入方式，位于大脑保护层上方，在保持信号质量的同时减少对脑组织的潜在损伤。)”可知，硬膜外植入能够在保持信号质量的同时降低风险。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“After more than a year of rehabilitation training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down.(经过一年多的康复训练，他能够在没有脑机接口的帮助下写出简单的短语，比如“谢谢”和自己的名字。在该设备的帮助下，董先生还能够完成他四年来无法完成的任务，包括举起杯子，喝水，然后把杯子放回去。)”可知，通过董先生的具体康复效果，作者旨在证明NEO系统的有效性。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again(该技术的未来版本最终可以帮助瘫痪患者再次行走)”和““We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.”(“我们希望公众明白，目前的脑机接口技术不能立即解决症状，”毛院长说。“这些技术不能在植入后立即使用，需要大量的训练和康复。”)”可知，作者客观陈述了技术的积极发展前景和局限，没有表达个人偏向，因此态度是客观的。 Passage 2 （2025-2026学年度湖南省常德市上学期2月高三检测考试一模） Just a few years ago, agricultural drones (无人机) were expensive, small and difficult to use, limiting their appeal to farmers. In contrast, today’s models can be flown immediately after purchase and carry loads weighing up to 220 pounds — the weight of two sacks of fertilizer (肥料). Agricultural drones are now similar to flying tractors. They can perform numerous tasks using different hardware attachments. Common uses for drones on farms include spraying crops, spread$