专题03 阅读理解说明文、议论文（1年汇编）（全国通用）2026年高考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 汇编2026年高考英语真题及模拟阅读理解题，涵盖科技（AI、植物固碳）、环境（海平面、城市绿化）、社会（代际互动、假评论）等跨学科主题，全面覆盖细节理解、推理判断等核心考点。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15篇|细节理解（实验流程）、推理判断（科研观点辨析）、主旨大意（段落核心）、词句猜测（专业衍生词）|跨学科素材（如心理学实验、AI科研），问题设计融合数据对比与逻辑思辨，适配高考命题趋势。|

03 阅读理解说明文、议论文 考点 2026 年高考命题解读 创新考法 细节理解 核心基础题型，选材涵盖地理、环境科学、心理学实验、AI 科研、消费调研、教育记叙文；考查实验流程、数据、事物功能、人物行为等显性信息，跨学科科普文本占比大幅提升。 融入分组实验、数字对比、流程表格类细节素材；自然科学、人文生活双线融合，需多段定位整合信息作答。 推理判断 科普文侧重研究结论、科研人员立场推断；记叙文深挖学习理念、人生感悟，设问规避浅层情节，聚焦文本背后逻辑与价值。 新增跨学科科研观点辨析，区分不同专家态度；依托实验数据推导深层影响，强化逻辑思辨。 主旨大意 分为段落主旨、全文标题两类；科普文考查实验设计、研究核心；记叙文侧重作者感悟与文章内核。 单独设置段落大意小题，不再只考全文标题；区分实验过程与研究成果，精准抓取段落核心。 词句猜测 考查代词指代、科技衍生词、情感评价类词汇，语境以科普说明、生活叙事为主。 侧重 AI、环境、社科领域专业衍生词；结合实验逻辑、褒贬语境双重线索推导词义。 Passage 1 （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 1．What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A．Some mountains are getting higher. B．Data on wearables are misleading. C．The concept of elevation is relative. D．The reference point is hard to locate. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the altimeter was invented. B．What initiated the author’s research. C．Why the digital readings varied. D．Where the author spent his holiday. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A．The book. B．The project. C．The issue. D．The development. 4．What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A．The Altimeter: A Must-Have B．Sea Level: A History C．Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D．Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs Passage 2 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. Passage 3 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 1．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 2．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 3．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 4．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. Passage 4 （2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1．What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A．Keeping more carbon in plants. B．Optimizing the use of energy. C．Enhancing biological diversity. D．Reducing carbon absorption. 2．Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A．To generate plant images. B．To conduct research on animals. C．To study climate patterns. D．To track features of root growth. 3．What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A．Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B．Collect samples of plant root systems. C．Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D．Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4．What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A．Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B．Computer programming is a must for scientists. C．Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D．Cooperation outweighs competition in research. Passage 5 （2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Its design. B．Its findings. C．Its purposes. D．Its significance. 2．What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Funny. B．Abusive. C．Insightful. D．Praising. 3．What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A．A long, positive one. B．An unemotional, negative one. C．A short, negative one. D．An enthusiastic, positive one. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Many companies are producing fake reviews. B．Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C．Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D．It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. Passage 6 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. Passage 1 （2026·云南·5月高三适应性考试）Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 1．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 2．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 3．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 4．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. Passage 2 （2026·天津东丽·二模）Now, children who are recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. And that friend is a robot called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child’s desk. A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then he uses the same device to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child. “So, it sits at the child’s desk in the classroom and the child uses a tablet or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it.” The student can partake in classroom activities from wherever he is recovering. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communicating easy. “It has speakers and microphones and cameras, and when the child speaks at home or in the hospital to his iPad it just comes out.” This smooth interaction helps the child keep up with lessons, join group discussions freely and even share small joys with peers in class. It well narrows the distance between their recovery place and school, letting them stay closely linked to campus life instead of being left out alone. The robot is designed to be tough. It is water proof and can take a fall from a desk without damage. Inside AV1, there is a small computer connected to 5G network. A small camera connected to a small computer could do the job. But that would not be the same. AV1 is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says this is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend to the children. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 1．What can we know about AV1 in Para.2? A．Its function. B．Its prospect. C．Its developing history. D．Its production material. 2．What do the underlined words “partake in” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．make up for B．replace C．take part in D．design 3．What’s the advantage of the smooth interaction for the student? A．It makes the student forget the pain of recovery. B．It helps the student keep connected with campus life. C．It lets the student have more time to rest at home. D．It allows the student to make more new friends. 4．Why is AV1 designed to be human-like? A．To hold more advanced computer parts. B．To offer kids support and companionship. C．To make it tough enough against falls. D．To attract more attention in the classroom. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Smart Robots. B．5G Network: A Trend in Education. C．How to Cure Long-term Illnesses. D．AV1: A Bridge to School Life. Passage 3 （2026·河南周口·5月高三适应性考试）Sleeping five more minutes, exercising 1.9 more minutes, and eating healthier each day could add a year to your life. This isn’t just wishful thinking — it’s the conclusion of a new study led by researchers from Australia and the UK. “We always think that we need to make massive adjustments,” Nicholas Koemel, who led the study, told the magazine Scientific American. But small changes add up to make something meaningful. For about eight years, the team followed 59,078 people in the UK. All participants provided information about their lifestyles and health, and some wore wristwatches that tracked their sleep and activity levels. Researchers evaluated everyone’s diet using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 100 across 10 categories, with higher scores indicating healthier diets. For example, eating at least three servings of fruit per day earned the maximum 10 points in the fruit category. Based on these data, researchers estimated approximate changes in lifespan using scientific modeling, NBC News reported. The results showed that people who sleep 5.5 hours per night, exercise 7.3 minutes per day and have a diet quality score of 36.9 could theoretically live a year longer with just five additional minutes of sleep, 1.9 minutes of vigorous (剧烈的) or moderate exercise and half an extra serving of vegetables each day. If improving all three areas is too challenging, either 25 extra minutes of sleep per night or an additional 2.3 minutes of exercise per day can also help. Professor Kevin McConway from the Open University in the UK argued that the study didn’t clearly describe its statistical methods. This makes it difficult to determine whether the findings are due to the data itself or the researchers’ choice of analyses. Koemel told NBC News that the message here should not necessarily be that making these small changes is a magic solution. Instead, it’s about taking the first step towards creating sustainable and achievable opportunities for more people. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．People tend to think that big changes are needed to improve health. B．The study on lifestyle was only conducted by Australian researchers. C．Small lifestyle changes have been proven to extend people’s lifespan. D．Nicholas Koemel believes that massive lifestyle adjustments are useless. 2．What can we infer about the diet scoring system from the example of fruit consumption? A．The system only evaluates fruit intake. B．Higher scores in the fruit category mean a healthier overall diet. C．The system sets quantifiable standards for each dietary component. D．Eating less than three servings of fruit per day results in a score of 0. 3．What is Professor Kevin McConway’s attitude towards the new study? A．Indifferent and unconcerned. B．Fully supportive and optimistic. C．Strongly critical and dismissive. D．Doubtful and cautiously reserved. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．A New Study on Lifespan and Lifestyle. B．How to Improve Your Lifestyle Effectively. C．The Importance of Sleep, Exercise and Diet. D．Small Lifestyle Changes Can Prolong Your Life. Passage 4 （2026·北京丰台·二模）What time is it? It’s such a basic question and provokes me to take a look at time in the context of both humans and artificial intelligence. Simply put, AI operates inside the now, the perpetual present. Yet humans construct meaning across time. This “temporal divide” creates a key distinction, if not a conflict, that’s worthy of a deeper look. Typically, we evaluate artificial intelligence by capability, which includes things like speed, accuracy, fluency, and even scale. But my take is that this perspective misses something that is both critical and deeply human. Humans build meaning through continuity, and this includes memory, revision, anticipation, and the lived accumulation of experience. AI does not. For us, meaning is shaped across duration. We don’t form understanding from isolated frames. We learn from many moments that inform and reshape each other. The reliability of our beliefs depends on that slow integration. It’s how understanding matures into something stable, or perhaps better said, human. AI collapses time into immediacy. Each output stands alone without reference to what came before and without responsibility toward what may follow. This is why AI can be so persuasive, as it produces coherence (连贯性) without the weight of history behind it. A recent study that examined reasoning tasks illustrates this rather clearly. AI assistance led participants to perform slightly better, but to feel dramatically more improved than they actually were. This illusion emerges because instant coherence (tech) feels like internal mastery (human). Anyone who has used AI to summarise a concept has felt this. It happens when you read a smooth, confident explanation and suddenly believe you now “understand” it without any of the internal struggle that produces true understanding. The mind confuses the appearance of cognition with the acquisition of cognition. And the key distinction is that AI shortens the distance between exposure and confidence, not between exposure and wisdom. I think this matters because humans may begin adapting to the temporal logic of machines. If present-tense coherence becomes more rewarding than the slower accumulation of meaning, we could begin to trade our temporal cognition for the immediacy AI offers. The risk is not replacement, but more of a dissociation from the very structure of meaning-making that defines the human mind. The real question, as I have relentlessly asked, is not whether AI will think like we do. The question is whether we will continue to think like ourselves. To defend the narrative arc is far from a poetic gesture. It’s an essential cognitive practice. For me, it means tolerating slower understanding when speed is seductive. It means returning to the longer thread of experience when instant fluency tempts us. It means remembering that wisdom requires the friction of time. And that’s something we all should consider. Meaning is temporal. Story is temporal. Identity is temporal. AI does not live there. We do. 1．What does the “temporal divide” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．A distinction in evaluating AI’s competences. B．A gap between present living and past reflection. C．A difference in how humans and AI make meaning. D．A divide in time management between humans and AI. 2．As for the result of the study examining reasoning skills, the author feels _______. A．worried B．surprised C．doubtful D．sympathetic 3．How does the author mainly develop the passage? A．By raising questions and solving them one by one. B．By citing studies and evaluating their limitations. C．By presenting a study and drawing a conclusion. D．By introducing a concept and making contrasts. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Exposure+Confidence=Mastery B．Coherence+Immediacy=Logic C．Duration+Friction=Wisdom D．Speed+Fluency=Insight Passage 5 （2026·河南南阳·5月高三适应性考试）A decade ago, the cheapest way to meet growing demand for electricity was to build more coal or natural gas power plants. It is not the case anymore. Solar and wind power aren’t just better for the climate; they’re also less harmful to people’s health. Yet renewable energy projects face headwinds, especially in the world’s fast-growing developing countries. Despite the clear economic and health advantages of shifting to renewable energy, outdated regulations, political deadlock, and insufficient funding are slowing down its replacement of fossil fuels across much of the world. In the United States, for example, major energy projects take an average of 4.5 years to permit. An even bigger challenge faces developing countries whose economies are growing fast. These countries need to meet soaring energy demand. Yet renewable energy development lags in most of them. The main reason is the high price of financing renewable energy construction. Most of the costs of a renewable energy project arise in the initial construction phase. Savings occur over its lifetime because it has no fuel costs. As a result, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for those projects varies depending on the cost of financing to build them. In many developing countries, wind and solar projects cost more to finance than coal or gas. Fossil projects have a longer history, and financial and policy mechanisms have been developed over decades to lower lender risk for those projects. These include government payment guarantees, stable fuel contracts and long-term revenue deals that help guarantee the lender will be repaid. Both lenders and governments have less experience with renewable energy projects. As a result, these projects often come with weaker government guarantees. This raises the risk to lenders, so they charge higher interest rates, making renewable projects more expensive upfront, even if the projects have lower lifetime costs. To lower borrowing costs, governments and international development banks can take steps to make renewable projects a safer bet for investors. For example, they can keep energy policies stable and use public funds or insurance to cover part of the lenders’ investment risk. 1．What does paragraph 2 focus on about renewable energy projects? A．Their promising future. B．Their existing problems. C．Their potential advantages. D．Their possible consequences. 2．What can be inferred about developing renewable energy according to paragraph 4? A．Keeping pace with the times. B．Putting economic benefits first. C．Daring to explore the unknown. D．Valuing the long-term savings. 3．Which of the following leads to higher risk to lenders? A．A lack of official guarantees. B．The uncertain return prospects. C．The long process of construction. D．Substantial maintenance expenses. 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To issue warnings. B．To analyze reasons. C．To introduce policies. D．To forecast prospects. Passage 6 （2026·河南·5月高三适应性考试）Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with about fifteen other residents, half of them asleep. People only moved when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was so depressing. So, I was really thrilled when I read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes. The idea is simple, but revolutionary: combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents share activities such as music, painting, gardening, and caring for the pets. The residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children and, if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a cuddle. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and someone has time for them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. That’s why inter-generational programmes supported by UNESCO and other organisations, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity. There are successful initiatives all over the world. One of the successful schemes pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people help with practical things such as online shopping and book reading. The older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For instance, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law. Lasting friendships often develop. But it isn’t only the individuals concerned who gain from inter-generational activities. The advantages to society are enormous too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, and vice versa, there will be less conflict in a community. In a world where the number of old people is increasing, we need as much understanding and tolerance as possible. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won't be such a depressing prospect after all. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To explain the author’s visit. B．To show life in care homes. C．To describe resident interactions. D．To show limits of elderly care. 2．Which of the following is an advantage of inter-generational activities? A．Generation tension is eased. B．Staff workload is greatly reduced. C．Activities fit more age groups. D．Children get more emotional support. 3．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards inter-generational activities? A．They should be promoted more widely. B．They boost young people’s confidence. C．They reshape the meaning of community. D．They should be regulated at a societal level. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What Care Services Do B．How Isolation is Tackled C．When Generations Meet D．Why Society Needs Connection Passage 7 （2026·天津河北·二模）Nature words like river, moss, and blossom are slowly disappearing from our books. However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world. To prevent a complete “extinction of experience” with nature, society must move beyond simple environmental fixes and radically redesign both our urban landscapes and our early education systems. The primary cause of this disconnection is urbanisation. As cities grow, green spaces and wildlife in our neighbourhoods continue to vanish. According to a study by Professor Miles Richardson of the University of Derby, the problem is far larger than we realise. His research suggests that, to stop the decline in our connection to nature, a city might need to be ten times greener than it is today. Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss. If we want real change, we must first accept the massive scale of the challenge. Furthermore, the most effective way to address this crisis is through early childhood education. The connection to nature is often passed down through generations. When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient. Government initiatives must actively support early actions, such as “forest schools” for young children. Building this connection from an early age is the most reliable predictor of whether a person will value the environment as an adult. We must make nature an essential part of growing up, not just an occasional hobby. Admittedly, completely transforming our cities and education systems over the next few decades sounds like an impossible task. Critics may argue that modern life is too fast-paced for such dramatic shifts. However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens. In conclusion, the disappearance of nature words from our pages reflects a fading of nature from our hearts. We cannot afford to let the natural world become a mere abstract concept for future generations. By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature. The time for minor adjustments is over; the time for systemic change is now. 1．Why does the author mention disappearing nature words? A．To question modern reading habits. B．To note a passing language shift. C．To praise changes in literature. D．To signal a deeper social loss. 2．What does Professor Richardson’s study suggest about urban greening? A．Mild adjustments lack real impacts. B．Simple measures worsen urban crises. C．Modern lifestyles destroy green spaces. D．Massive efforts are needed to limit city growth. 3．Why are adult-focused efforts seen as insufficient? A．Adults resist official green programs. B．Adults rarely have an influence on family values. C．Nature learning depends on government initiative. D．Nature bonding becomes harder to pass down once adults lose it. 4．Why does the author mention the “40 minutes” daily goal? A．To prove the suggested change possible. B．To question the given research data. C．To criticise the fast modern rhythm. D．To stress the heavy life pressure. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature B．Greening Cities for Future Generations C．Bringing Nature Back into Children’s Lives D．Understanding the Disappearance of Nature Words Passage 8 （2026·北京西城·二模）What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 2．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 3．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships Passage 9 （2026·天津·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 1．Which idea might Michel de Montaigne have criticised? A．We cannot learn others’ wisdom. B．Knowledge can be shared between individuals. C．Schools are the most important places for study. D．We may not become smart through formal education. 2．What does the author try to tell the readers by mentioning Vondelpark? A．Less is more. B．Life is only a journey. C．Nature is our best teacher. D．Travelling makes us happy. 3．What does the author say about wisdom in Para. 3? A．It requires little self-discipline. B．It equals the ability to reflect well. C．It is about adjusting one’s life to acquire knowledge. D．It is about keeping a balance between gains and losses. 4．What does the author talk about in the last paragraph? A．Montaigne’s conception of wisdom. B．Different approaches to wisdom. C．His image of a smart person. D．Definition of being cheerful. 5．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Importance of Book Learning B．Wisdom: The Perception of “Smart” C．The Reflections on Life in Vondelpark D．Michel de Montaigne: A Great Philosopher 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解说明文、议论文答案 参考答案 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A Passage 3：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 4：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C Passage 5：1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D Passage 6：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage 2：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D Passage 3：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D Passage 4：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C Passage 5：1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 6：1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 7：1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．A Passage 8：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 9：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 03 阅读理解说明文、议论文 考点 2026 年高考命题解读 创新考法 细节理解 核心基础题型，选材涵盖地理、环境科学、心理学实验、AI 科研、消费调研、教育记叙文；考查实验流程、数据、事物功能、人物行为等显性信息，跨学科科普文本占比大幅提升。 融入分组实验、数字对比、流程表格类细节素材；自然科学、人文生活双线融合，需多段定位整合信息作答。 推理判断 科普文侧重研究结论、科研人员立场推断；记叙文深挖学习理念、人生感悟，设问规避浅层情节，聚焦文本背后逻辑与价值。 新增跨学科科研观点辨析，区分不同专家态度；依托实验数据推导深层影响，强化逻辑思辨。 主旨大意 分为段落主旨、全文标题两类；科普文考查实验设计、研究核心；记叙文侧重作者感悟与文章内核。 单独设置段落大意小题，不再只考全文标题；区分实验过程与研究成果，精准抓取段落核心。 词句猜测 考查代词指代、科技衍生词、情感评价类词汇，语境以科普说明、生活叙事为主。 侧重 AI、环境、社科领域专业衍生词；结合实验逻辑、褒贬语境双重线索推导词义。 Passage 1 （2026·全国二卷·高考真题）The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 1．What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A．Some mountains are getting higher. B．Data on wearables are misleading. C．The concept of elevation is relative. D．The reference point is hard to locate. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the altimeter was invented. B．What initiated the author’s research. C．Why the digital readings varied. D．Where the author spent his holiday. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A．The book. B．The project. C．The issue. D．The development. 4．What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A．The Altimeter: A Must-Have B．Sea Level: A History C．Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D．Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. (但海拔必定是相对的：只有选择一个参考点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或位置的高度。) ”可知，作者在文章开头指出海拔的概念是相对的。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. (在Pradidali小屋附近的山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什么不同仪器之间的读数略有差异？这种不确定性让我开始思考零的含义。这就是我开始探究海平面概念史的原因。)”可推知，本段主要讲述了作者研究工作的起因。 3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.(自从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升的问题以及将它置于历史背景下的必要性变得愈发紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总体上升幅度的一半。)”可知，划线词“it”指代前文提到的“the issue of sea-level rise”中的“the issue”，即海平面上升的问题。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions.(这个概念有一段历史很容易被忽视。我们往往忘记海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些假设的故事。)”以及第四段“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.(在这本书中，我考察了平均海平面历史的三个关键阶段。)”可推知，该书主要探讨海平面的历史。因此，这本书最合适的标题是“海平面：一段历史”。 Passage 2 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 Passage 3 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 1．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 2．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 3．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 4．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive ( 认知的 ) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 Passage 4 （2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants. In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 1．What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A．Keeping more carbon in plants. B．Optimizing the use of energy. C．Enhancing biological diversity. D．Reducing carbon absorption. 2．Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A．To generate plant images. B．To conduct research on animals. C．To study climate patterns. D．To track features of root growth. 3．What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A．Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B．Collect samples of plant root systems. C．Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D．Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 4．What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A．Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B．Computer programming is a must for scientists. C．Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D．Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI工具SLEAP应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization ( 优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP能帮助科学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C项。 Passage 5 （2026·浙江省1月·高考真题）Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews. However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake (假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake reviews. The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel. The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says. When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in. The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign. 1．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Its design. B．Its findings. C．Its purposes. D．Its significance. 2．What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Funny. B．Abusive. C．Insightful. D．Praising. 3．What kind of review would readers most likely trust? A．A long, positive one. B．An unemotional, negative one. C．A short, negative one. D．An enthusiastic, positive one. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Many companies are producing fake reviews. B．Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal. C．Machines can detect fake reviews accurately. D．It will be harder to recognize fake reviews. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于虚假评论的一项研究，包括研究设计、结果发现以及AI生成虚假评论带来的识别难题等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the hotel.(该研究使用了芝加哥酒店的1600条评论作为数据集，其中一些是真实的，另一些是虚假的。这些评论被呈现给400名受试者，每位受试者要阅读8条评论：两组均衡的评论，包括2条虚假好评、2条真实好评、2条虚假差评和2条真实差评，以随机顺序呈现。这些评论由获得酒店相关信息的真实人员撰写。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了这项研究的数据集、受试者以及评论呈现方式等，即研究的设计情况。B项“它的发现”、C项“它的目的”、D项“它的意义”均未在第二段体现，故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.(另一方面，冗长的好评被认为是可疑的，受试者往往更信任那些保持glowing评论简短的作者。)”可知，此处“glowing reviews”与前文“positive review（好评）”构成同义指代，由此猜测glowing意为“赞美的、表扬的”。A项“有趣的”、B项“辱骂的”、C项“有洞察力的”均不符合语境，故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants.(一条包含大量信息的冗长酒店差评，往往更能让受试者信服。)”和“The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.(负面评论越冷静客观，就越有可能让读者相信。)”可知，读者最有可能相信的是冷静客观、不带强烈情绪的差评。A项“冗长的好评”与“冗长的好评被认为可疑”相悖；C项“简短的差评”与“冗长的差评更有说服力”不符；D项“热情洋溢的好评”与“情绪强烈的评论不被信任”相悖，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.(为阿齐米的研究撰写的虚假评论是由人类编写的，但如今越来越多的虚假评论由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起来更真实。尽管许多公司使用算法来清除虚假评论，但阿齐米指出，这些机器是由人类编程的，而考虑到我们识别虚假评论的能力有限，这并不是一个好迹象。)”可推断，随着AI生成的虚假评论越来越逼真，未来识别虚假评论将会变得更加困难。A项“许多公司在生成虚假评论”文中未提及；B项“撰写虚假评论将被宣布为非法”文中未提及；C项“机器能准确检测虚假评论”与“算法由人类编程，识别能力有限”相悖，故选D项。 Passage 6 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 2．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 3．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 4．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 Passage 1 （2026·云南·5月高三适应性考试）Twice a year, when animals like bears and squirrels are either curling up for a deep sleep or stretching their way into spring, migratory birds are getting ready to take epic journeys over land and sea. And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security. And that’s not all. Francisco Rilla, a wildlife biologist and consultant to the UN, said migratory birds also serve as “bioindicators”. In other words, because they tend to avoid polluted areas, their movements provide useful information in the assessment of water and air quality. Migrating birds use the sun, stars, coastlines and large bodies of water to guide them on their journeys across the world. But some places where they stop to rest and refuel along the coasts are being altered by floods connected to rising sea levels. Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds. Without sufficient food, they are less likely to survive tough journeys or successfully reproduce. Though humans often feed birds, Rilla said putting food out for migratory birds can do them more harm than good. If they are given bread and seeds meant for people, they might feel too full to eat the things that provide them with crucial nutrients. He added that putting food in places where it will be easy to spot could expose birds to predators. Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties. This year’s World Migratory Bird Day emphasizes promoting the coexistence between humans and birds. If migratory birds start to disappear, it could affect agriculture and the food chain. In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.” 1．What is the main role of migratory birds in ecosystems? A．Improving food quality. B．Inspiring airplane design. C．Maintaining ecological balance. D．Indicating animals’ migration paths. 2．How does climate change affect migratory birds? A．By polluting coastlines. B．By disturbing their reproduction. C．By confusing their navigation. D．By reducing their food sources. 3．What does Rilla advise helping migratory birds? A．Feeding them nutrient-rich food. B．Expanding protected areas globally. C．Creating safe rest stops along coasts. D．Teaching people to avoid disturbing them. 4．What does the last sentence in the text imply? A．Humans depend on migratory birds. B．Migratory birds need human protection. C．Birds and humans face the same problems. D．The disappearance of birds is unavoidable. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了候鸟在生态系统中的作用、气候变化对其的影响及专家建议的保护措施，强调人与鸟类命运共存。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“And in so doing, they play a crucial role in keeping nature in balance. As they fly from one place to another, pollinating plants, spreading seeds and controlling pests by eating insects and other invertebrates (无脊椎动物), they help to maintain ecosystem health, which in turn contributes to food security.(这样一来，它们在维持自然平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它们在各地飞行，为植物授粉、传播种子，并通过捕食昆虫和其他无脊椎动物来防治虫害，从而帮助维护生态系统的健康，而这反过来又促进了粮食安全)”可知，鸟类迁徙对维持生态平衡起到重要作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Small crustaceans (甲科动物), which are an important food source for migratory birds, can struggle to build their shells and skeletons (骨架) in oceans made more acidic by having to absorb more carbon dioxide. And this has a knock-on effect on migratory birds.(小型甲壳类动物是候鸟的重要食物来源，但在因吸收过多二氧化碳而酸化加剧的海水中，它们难以形成外壳和骨架。这对候鸟产生了连锁反应)”可知，海洋酸化导致甲壳类动物难以形成外壳（食物源减少），直接影响鸟类生存。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead, Rilla recommended helping these travelers by urging governments to expand the network of protected areas through international treaties.(相反，Rilla建议通过敦促各国政府借助国际条约来扩大保护区网络，以此帮助这些“旅行者”)”可知，Rilla建议通过国际条约敦促政府扩大鸟类迁徙的保护区域。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一句“In other words, as Rilla said, “whatever happens to them could also happen to us.”(换言之，正如Rillo所言：“发生在它们身上的事，也可能会发生在我们身上。”)”以及结合前文提到的候鸟对生态平衡、粮食安全的重要性可知，这句话暗示人类依赖候鸟，它们的生存状况与人类息息相关。 Passage 2 （2026·天津东丽·二模）Now, children who are recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. And that friend is a robot called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child’s desk. A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then he uses the same device to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child. “So, it sits at the child’s desk in the classroom and the child uses a tablet or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it.” The student can partake in classroom activities from wherever he is recovering. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communicating easy. “It has speakers and microphones and cameras, and when the child speaks at home or in the hospital to his iPad it just comes out.” This smooth interaction helps the child keep up with lessons, join group discussions freely and even share small joys with peers in class. It well narrows the distance between their recovery place and school, letting them stay closely linked to campus life instead of being left out alone. The robot is designed to be tough. It is water proof and can take a fall from a desk without damage. Inside AV1, there is a small computer connected to 5G network. A small camera connected to a small computer could do the job. But that would not be the same. AV1 is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says this is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend to the children. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. 1．What can we know about AV1 in Para.2? A．Its function. B．Its prospect. C．Its developing history. D．Its production material. 2．What do the underlined words “partake in” in Para. 3 probably mean? A．make up for B．replace C．take part in D．design 3．What’s the advantage of the smooth interaction for the student? A．It makes the student forget the pain of recovery. B．It helps the student keep connected with campus life. C．It lets the student have more time to rest at home. D．It allows the student to make more new friends. 4．Why is AV1 designed to be human-like? A．To hold more advanced computer parts. B．To offer kids support and companionship. C．To make it tough enough against falls. D．To attract more attention in the classroom. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．The Development of Smart Robots. B．5G Network: A Trend in Education. C．How to Cure Long-term Illnesses. D．AV1: A Bridge to School Life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 【导语】主要介绍AV1机器人的工作原理、功能优势、设计特点，它能帮助长期养病的孩子远程融入校园生活、减少孤独感。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then he uses the same device to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.(多尔瓦解释了AV1机器人如何工作。她说孩子在家可以用平板或手机启动机器人，再用同一设备操控它的行动，在学校里机器人就成了孩子的眼睛、耳朵和声音。)”可知，第二段主要讲解AV1机器人的工作方式与功用。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The student can partake in classroom activities from wherever he is recovering. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communicating easy.(学生无论在养病的任何地方都能参与课堂活动。这款机器人配备扬声器、麦克风和摄像头，让沟通变得十分便捷。)”可知，结合上下文语境，生病学生可借助机器人参与课堂活动，由此可推断，partake in的意思为“参加、参与”，和take part in意思一致。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This smooth interaction helps the child keep up with lessons, join group discussions freely and even share small joys with peers in class. It well narrows the distance between their recovery place and school, letting them stay closely linked to campus life instead of being left out alone.(这种顺畅的互动帮助孩子跟上课程进度、自由参与小组讨论、甚至和班上同学分享小快乐。它拉近了休养地与学校之间的距离，让他们与校园生活紧密相连，不会独自被边缘化。)”可知，顺畅互动能帮助养病学生和校园生活保持紧密联系。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“AV1 is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says this is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend to the children.(AV1体型偏大且外形酷似人类是有缘由的。多尔瓦称这一点十分重要，因为这款机器人理应成为孩子们的朋友。)”可知，将AV1设计成人形，是为了给孩子陪伴与精神支持。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段中的“Now, children who are recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. And that friend is a robot called AV1.(如今，在医院或家中康复的长期患病儿童，可以拥有一位高科技伙伴来减少孤独感，这位伙伴就是名叫AV1的机器人。)”以及后文依次介绍它的工作原理、功能作用、交互优势和拟人设计用意可知，文章围绕AV1机器人展开，介绍它成为患病孩子衔接校园生活的纽带，所以“AV1: A Bridge to School Life(AV1：通往校园生活的桥梁)”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。 Passage 3 （2026·河南周口·5月高三适应性考试）Sleeping five more minutes, exercising 1.9 more minutes, and eating healthier each day could add a year to your life. This isn’t just wishful thinking — it’s the conclusion of a new study led by researchers from Australia and the UK. “We always think that we need to make massive adjustments,” Nicholas Koemel, who led the study, told the magazine Scientific American. But small changes add up to make something meaningful. For about eight years, the team followed 59,078 people in the UK. All participants provided information about their lifestyles and health, and some wore wristwatches that tracked their sleep and activity levels. Researchers evaluated everyone’s diet using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 100 across 10 categories, with higher scores indicating healthier diets. For example, eating at least three servings of fruit per day earned the maximum 10 points in the fruit category. Based on these data, researchers estimated approximate changes in lifespan using scientific modeling, NBC News reported. The results showed that people who sleep 5.5 hours per night, exercise 7.3 minutes per day and have a diet quality score of 36.9 could theoretically live a year longer with just five additional minutes of sleep, 1.9 minutes of vigorous (剧烈的) or moderate exercise and half an extra serving of vegetables each day. If improving all three areas is too challenging, either 25 extra minutes of sleep per night or an additional 2.3 minutes of exercise per day can also help. Professor Kevin McConway from the Open University in the UK argued that the study didn’t clearly describe its statistical methods. This makes it difficult to determine whether the findings are due to the data itself or the researchers’ choice of analyses. Koemel told NBC News that the message here should not necessarily be that making these small changes is a magic solution. Instead, it’s about taking the first step towards creating sustainable and achievable opportunities for more people. 1．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs? A．People tend to think that big changes are needed to improve health. B．The study on lifestyle was only conducted by Australian researchers. C．Small lifestyle changes have been proven to extend people’s lifespan. D．Nicholas Koemel believes that massive lifestyle adjustments are useless. 2．What can we infer about the diet scoring system from the example of fruit consumption? A．The system only evaluates fruit intake. B．Higher scores in the fruit category mean a healthier overall diet. C．The system sets quantifiable standards for each dietary component. D．Eating less than three servings of fruit per day results in a score of 0. 3．What is Professor Kevin McConway’s attitude towards the new study? A．Indifferent and unconcerned. B．Fully supportive and optimistic. C．Strongly critical and dismissive. D．Doubtful and cautiously reserved. 4．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．A New Study on Lifespan and Lifestyle. B．How to Improve Your Lifestyle Effectively. C．The Importance of Sleep, Exercise and Diet. D．Small Lifestyle Changes Can Prolong Your Life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】文章介绍了一项联合研究，证实日常微小的睡眠、运动、饮食调整有助于延长寿命，同时也提及外界对该研究统计方法的质疑。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Sleeping five more minutes, exercising 1.9 more minutes, and eating healthier each day could add a year to your life. This isn’t just wishful thinking — it’s the conclusion of a new study led by researchers from Australia and the UK.(每天多睡五分钟、多运动1.9分钟、饮食更健康一点，或许能让你的寿命延长一年。这并非空想，而是澳英两国研究人员联合开展的一项新研究得出的结论。)”和第二段“ ‘We always think that we need to make massive adjustments,’ Nicholas Koemel, who led the study, told the magazine Scientific American. But small changes add up to make something meaningful. (该研究负责人尼古拉斯・科梅尔在接受《科学美国人》杂志采访时表示：‘我们总觉得必须做出巨大改变。但点滴改变累积起来，就能带来可观的效果。’)”可知，人们通常认为改善健康需要做出大的改变。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers evaluated everyone’s diet using a scoring system ranging from 0 to 100 across 10 categories, with higher scores indicating healthier diets. For example, eating at least three servings of fruit per day earned the maximum 10 points in the fruit category. Based on these data, researchers estimated approximate changes in lifespan using scientific modeling, NBC News reported. (研究人员采用0至100分的评分体系，从十个维度对所有人的饮食进行评估，分数越高代表饮食越健康。例如，每日食用至少三份水果，就能在水果这一项拿到满分10分。据美国全国广播公司报道，研究人员依托这些数据，通过科学模型估算出了人们寿命的大致变化。)”可知，饮食评分系统分为十个维度，举例“每天至少吃3份水果就能在水果这一项拿到满分”，可以推断出该系统对每个饮食组成都设定了可量化的标准。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Professor Kevin McConway from the Open University in the UK argued that the study didn’t clearly describe its statistical methods. This makes it difficult to determine whether the findings are due to the data itself or the researchers’ choice of analyses. (英国开放大学的凯文・麦康韦教授提出，这项研究未清晰说明统计方法，因此很难判断研究结果是源于真实数据，还是研究人员的分析方式导致。)”可知，麦康韦教授指出该研究没有清晰说明统计方法，难以判定研究结果是否可靠，说明他对研究结论持怀疑、谨慎保留的态度。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sleeping five more minutes, exercising 1.9 more minutes, and eating healthier each day could add a year to your life. This isn’t just wishful thinking — it’s the conclusion of a new study led by researchers from Australia and the UK. (每天多睡五分钟、多运动1.9分钟、饮食更健康一点，或许能让你的寿命延长一年。这并非空想，而是澳英两国研究人员联合开展的一项新研究得出的结论。)”并结合全文可知，文章介绍了一项联合研究：日常微小的作息、运动、饮食改变能够延长寿命，全文围绕这个研究结论展开，选项D“Small Lifestyle Changes Can Prolong Your Life (微小的生活方式改变可以延长你的寿命)”能精准概括文章核心，适合作为标题。 Passage 4 （2026·北京丰台·二模）What time is it? It’s such a basic question and provokes me to take a look at time in the context of both humans and artificial intelligence. Simply put, AI operates inside the now, the perpetual present. Yet humans construct meaning across time. This “temporal divide” creates a key distinction, if not a conflict, that’s worthy of a deeper look. Typically, we evaluate artificial intelligence by capability, which includes things like speed, accuracy, fluency, and even scale. But my take is that this perspective misses something that is both critical and deeply human. Humans build meaning through continuity, and this includes memory, revision, anticipation, and the lived accumulation of experience. AI does not. For us, meaning is shaped across duration. We don’t form understanding from isolated frames. We learn from many moments that inform and reshape each other. The reliability of our beliefs depends on that slow integration. It’s how understanding matures into something stable, or perhaps better said, human. AI collapses time into immediacy. Each output stands alone without reference to what came before and without responsibility toward what may follow. This is why AI can be so persuasive, as it produces coherence (连贯性) without the weight of history behind it. A recent study that examined reasoning tasks illustrates this rather clearly. AI assistance led participants to perform slightly better, but to feel dramatically more improved than they actually were. This illusion emerges because instant coherence (tech) feels like internal mastery (human). Anyone who has used AI to summarise a concept has felt this. It happens when you read a smooth, confident explanation and suddenly believe you now “understand” it without any of the internal struggle that produces true understanding. The mind confuses the appearance of cognition with the acquisition of cognition. And the key distinction is that AI shortens the distance between exposure and confidence, not between exposure and wisdom. I think this matters because humans may begin adapting to the temporal logic of machines. If present-tense coherence becomes more rewarding than the slower accumulation of meaning, we could begin to trade our temporal cognition for the immediacy AI offers. The risk is not replacement, but more of a dissociation from the very structure of meaning-making that defines the human mind. The real question, as I have relentlessly asked, is not whether AI will think like we do. The question is whether we will continue to think like ourselves. To defend the narrative arc is far from a poetic gesture. It’s an essential cognitive practice. For me, it means tolerating slower understanding when speed is seductive. It means returning to the longer thread of experience when instant fluency tempts us. It means remembering that wisdom requires the friction of time. And that’s something we all should consider. Meaning is temporal. Story is temporal. Identity is temporal. AI does not live there. We do. 1．What does the “temporal divide” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．A distinction in evaluating AI’s competences. B．A gap between present living and past reflection. C．A difference in how humans and AI make meaning. D．A divide in time management between humans and AI. 2．As for the result of the study examining reasoning skills, the author feels _______. A．worried B．surprised C．doubtful D．sympathetic 3．How does the author mainly develop the passage? A．By raising questions and solving them one by one. B．By citing studies and evaluating their limitations. C．By presenting a study and drawing a conclusion. D．By introducing a concept and making contrasts. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Exposure+Confidence=Mastery B．Coherence+Immediacy=Logic C．Duration+Friction=Wisdom D．Speed+Fluency=Insight 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章对比人类与人工智能的时间认知差异，指出AI即时性特点的弊端，警示人类坚守自身时间性认知与智慧。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Simply put, AI operates inside the now, the perpetual present. Yet humans construct meaning across time. This “temporal divide” creates a key distinction, if not a conflict, that’s worthy of a deeper look.(简单来说，人工智能运作于当下、永恒的此刻。而人类跨越时间构建意义。这种“temporal divide”形成了一种值得深入探究的关键区别，甚至可以说是冲突)”以及第二段“Humans build meaning through continuity... AI does not.(人类通过延续性构建意义……而人工智能不能)”可知，“temporal divide”指人类和人工智能构建意义的方式不同。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段“I think this matters because humans may begin adapting to the temporal logic of machines... we could begin to trade our temporal cognition for the immediacy AI offers. The risk is not replacement, but more of a dissociation from the very structure of meaning-making that defines the human mind.(我认为这很重要，因为人类可能会开始适应机器的时间逻辑……我们可能会用自身的时间认知换取人工智能提供的即时性。风险不在于被取代，而在于逐渐脱离定义人类思维的意义构建体系)”可知，作者对这项研究反映出的现象感到担忧。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Simply put, AI operates inside the now, the perpetual present. Yet humans construct meaning across time. This “temporal divide” creates a key distinction, if not a conflict, that’s worthy of a deeper look.(简单来说，人工智能运作于当下、永恒的此刻。而人类跨越时间构建意义。这种“时间差异”形成了一种值得深入探究的关键区别，甚至可以说是冲突)”以及后文多处对比人类依靠时间延续构建意义、人工智能将时间压缩为即时反应的不同模式可知，文章先引出时间差异这一概念，再通过对比人与人工智能的思维特点展开论述。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It means tolerating slower understanding when speed is seductive. It means returning to the longer thread of experience when instant fluency tempts us. It means remembering that wisdom requires the friction of time.(这意味着在速度极具诱惑时，包容缓慢的理解；在即时流畅性诱惑我们时，回归更长的经验脉络；我们要记住，智慧需要时间的磨砺)”可知，时长积累与时间磨砺方能造就智慧，即Duration+Friction=Wisdom。 Passage 5 （2026·河南南阳·5月高三适应性考试）A decade ago, the cheapest way to meet growing demand for electricity was to build more coal or natural gas power plants. It is not the case anymore. Solar and wind power aren’t just better for the climate; they’re also less harmful to people’s health. Yet renewable energy projects face headwinds, especially in the world’s fast-growing developing countries. Despite the clear economic and health advantages of shifting to renewable energy, outdated regulations, political deadlock, and insufficient funding are slowing down its replacement of fossil fuels across much of the world. In the United States, for example, major energy projects take an average of 4.5 years to permit. An even bigger challenge faces developing countries whose economies are growing fast. These countries need to meet soaring energy demand. Yet renewable energy development lags in most of them. The main reason is the high price of financing renewable energy construction. Most of the costs of a renewable energy project arise in the initial construction phase. Savings occur over its lifetime because it has no fuel costs. As a result, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for those projects varies depending on the cost of financing to build them. In many developing countries, wind and solar projects cost more to finance than coal or gas. Fossil projects have a longer history, and financial and policy mechanisms have been developed over decades to lower lender risk for those projects. These include government payment guarantees, stable fuel contracts and long-term revenue deals that help guarantee the lender will be repaid. Both lenders and governments have less experience with renewable energy projects. As a result, these projects often come with weaker government guarantees. This raises the risk to lenders, so they charge higher interest rates, making renewable projects more expensive upfront, even if the projects have lower lifetime costs. To lower borrowing costs, governments and international development banks can take steps to make renewable projects a safer bet for investors. For example, they can keep energy policies stable and use public funds or insurance to cover part of the lenders’ investment risk. 1．What does paragraph 2 focus on about renewable energy projects? A．Their promising future. B．Their existing problems. C．Their potential advantages. D．Their possible consequences. 2．What can be inferred about developing renewable energy according to paragraph 4? A．Keeping pace with the times. B．Putting economic benefits first. C．Daring to explore the unknown. D．Valuing the long-term savings. 3．Which of the following leads to higher risk to lenders? A．A lack of official guarantees. B．The uncertain return prospects. C．The long process of construction. D．Substantial maintenance expenses. 4．Why does the author write the text? A．To issue warnings. B．To analyze reasons. C．To introduce policies. D．To forecast prospects. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了风电光伏环保优势突出，但在发展中国家推广受阻，核心难题是融资成本偏高，根源在于缺少完善的政策担保，文章也给出了降低借贷成本的可行对策。 【详解】1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet renewable energy projects face headwinds, especially in the world’s fast-growing developing countries. Despite the clear economic and health advantages of shifting to renewable energy, outdated regulations, political deadlock, and insufficient funding are slowing down its replacement of fossil fuels across much of the world.(然而，可再生能源项目却面临重重阻碍，尤其是在世界上快速发展的发展中国家。尽管向可再生能源转型有着明显的经济和健康优势，但过时的法规、政治僵局以及资金不足等问题正在阻碍其在全球大部分地区的化石燃料替代进程。)”可知，第二段主要论述了关于可再生能源项目现存的问题。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Most of the costs of a renewable energy project arise in the initial construction phase. Savings occur over its lifetime because it has no fuel costs.(可再生能源项目的大部分成本出现在初始建设阶段。由于其在整个使用过程中没有燃料成本，所以会带来节省。)”可推知，发展可再生能源应该重视长期的成本节约。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“As a result, these projects often come with weaker government guarantees. This raises the risk to lenders, so they charge higher interest rates, making renewable projects more expensive upfront, even if the projects have lower lifetime costs.(因此，这些项目往往得到的政府保障也较弱。这增加了贷款方的风险，所以他们会收取更高的利率，使得可再生能源项目在前期成本更高，即便其长期成本更低。)”可知，可再生能源项目的政府担保力度较弱，这是导致贷方风险升高的直接原因。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章先指出可再生能源的优势，再提出其全球推广受阻的问题，随后重点深入分析了发展中国家融资成本高的核心原因（化石能源有成熟的风险保障机制，而可再生能源缺乏政府担保），最后简要给出解决方向。全文的核心是分析可再生能源发展受阻的深层原因。 Passage 6 （2026·河南·5月高三适应性考试）Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with about fifteen other residents, half of them asleep. People only moved when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was so depressing. So, I was really thrilled when I read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes. The idea is simple, but revolutionary: combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents share activities such as music, painting, gardening, and caring for the pets. The residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children and, if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a cuddle. The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and someone has time for them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. That’s why inter-generational programmes supported by UNESCO and other organisations, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity. There are successful initiatives all over the world. One of the successful schemes pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people help with practical things such as online shopping and book reading. The older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For instance, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law. Lasting friendships often develop. But it isn’t only the individuals concerned who gain from inter-generational activities. The advantages to society are enormous too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, and vice versa, there will be less conflict in a community. In a world where the number of old people is increasing, we need as much understanding and tolerance as possible. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won't be such a depressing prospect after all. 1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To explain the author’s visit. B．To show life in care homes. C．To describe resident interactions. D．To show limits of elderly care. 2．Which of the following is an advantage of inter-generational activities? A．Generation tension is eased. B．Staff workload is greatly reduced. C．Activities fit more age groups. D．Children get more emotional support. 3．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards inter-generational activities? A．They should be promoted more widely. B．They boost young people’s confidence. C．They reshape the meaning of community. D．They should be regulated at a societal level. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．What Care Services Do B．How Isolation is Tackled C．When Generations Meet D．Why Society Needs Connection 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文通过对比传统养老院生活的压抑与“老少同乐”模式的活力，阐述了代际互动项目对消除孤独、增进理解及构建和谐社会的积极意义。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“She was sitting in the living room with about fifteen other residents, half of them asleep. People only moved when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was so depressing. (她和大约十五位其他住户坐在客厅里，其中一半人睡着了。人们只有在需要被扶去上厕所时才会动一下。这太令人沮丧了。)”可知，首段旨在揭示传统养老院生活的沉闷与局限，为下文引出新型模式做铺垫。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention and someone has time for them. (孩子们很高兴，因为他们得到了更多的个人关注，有人愿意花时间陪他们。)”可知，代际活动让孩子们获得了更多的情感支持与关注。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, and vice versa, there will be less conflict in a community. In a world where the number of old people is increasing, we need as much understanding and tolerance as possible. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won't be such a depressing prospect after all. (如果老年人能够理解和接受今天的年轻人，反之亦然，社区中的冲突就会减少。在一个老年人数量不断增加的世界里，我们需要尽可能多的理解和宽容。我们可以利用一代人的力量来帮助另一代人。那么，也许变老毕竟不会是一个令人沮丧的前景)”可知，作者对这种活动持积极态度，认为应被更广泛推广。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The idea is simple, but revolutionary: combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.(这个想法很简单，但具有革命性：在同一栋楼里将一所养老院和一所幼儿园结合起来)”以及第四段“That’s why inter-generational programmes supported by UNESCO and other organisations, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity.(就是为什么由联合国教科文组织和其他组织支持的旨在将老年人和年轻人聚集在一起的代际计划越来越受欢迎的原因)”可知，文章通篇围绕打破老年与青年的隔阂，通过让两代人相遇、互动来解决社会问题，所以“当两代人相遇”适合作为文章标题。 Passage 7 （2026·天津河北·二模）Nature words like river, moss, and blossom are slowly disappearing from our books. However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world. To prevent a complete “extinction of experience” with nature, society must move beyond simple environmental fixes and radically redesign both our urban landscapes and our early education systems. The primary cause of this disconnection is urbanisation. As cities grow, green spaces and wildlife in our neighbourhoods continue to vanish. According to a study by Professor Miles Richardson of the University of Derby, the problem is far larger than we realise. His research suggests that, to stop the decline in our connection to nature, a city might need to be ten times greener than it is today. Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss. If we want real change, we must first accept the massive scale of the challenge. Furthermore, the most effective way to address this crisis is through early childhood education. The connection to nature is often passed down through generations. When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient. Government initiatives must actively support early actions, such as “forest schools” for young children. Building this connection from an early age is the most reliable predictor of whether a person will value the environment as an adult. We must make nature an essential part of growing up, not just an occasional hobby. Admittedly, completely transforming our cities and education systems over the next few decades sounds like an impossible task. Critics may argue that modern life is too fast-paced for such dramatic shifts. However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens. In conclusion, the disappearance of nature words from our pages reflects a fading of nature from our hearts. We cannot afford to let the natural world become a mere abstract concept for future generations. By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature. The time for minor adjustments is over; the time for systemic change is now. 1．Why does the author mention disappearing nature words? A．To question modern reading habits. B．To note a passing language shift. C．To praise changes in literature. D．To signal a deeper social loss. 2．What does Professor Richardson’s study suggest about urban greening? A．Mild adjustments lack real impacts. B．Simple measures worsen urban crises. C．Modern lifestyles destroy green spaces. D．Massive efforts are needed to limit city growth. 3．Why are adult-focused efforts seen as insufficient? A．Adults resist official green programs. B．Adults rarely have an influence on family values. C．Nature learning depends on government initiative. D．Nature bonding becomes harder to pass down once adults lose it. 4．Why does the author mention the “40 minutes” daily goal? A．To prove the suggested change possible. B．To question the given research data. C．To criticise the fast modern rhythm. D．To stress the heavy life pressure. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature B．Greening Cities for Future Generations C．Bringing Nature Back into Children’s Lives D．Understanding the Disappearance of Nature Words 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．A 【导语】文章讲述自然类词汇逐渐淡出书籍，反映出人类与自然日益疏离。城市化加剧了这一问题，仅靠小改变远远不够，需优化城市绿化、重视儿童自然教育，以可行的系统性举措重建人与自然的紧密联系。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, this change in language is more than just a literary trend — it is a serious warning sign. We are facing a severe disconnection from the natural world.(然而，这种语言变化不只是文学潮流，更是一个严重的警示信号。我们正面临与自然界严重脱节的困境。)”可知，作者提及自然类词汇消失，是为了暗示更深层的社会缺失 —— 人类与自然的联结正在消退。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Simple changes cannot reverse over 200 years of urbanisation and wildlife loss.(简单的改变无法逆转两百多年来的城市化与野生动物流失。)”可知，理查德森教授的研究表明，温和小幅的调整产生不了实际效果，无法解决根本问题。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When parents lose this bond, their children are less likely to develop it. Therefore, efforts that target only adults are often insufficient.(一旦父母失去与自然的联结，孩子也很难建立这种联系。因此仅针对成年人的保护举措往往作用有限。)”可知，只面向成年人的措施效果不足，是因为成年人一旦缺失自然情怀，就很难将这种情怀传承下去。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, this assumption is flawed. Rebuilding our relationship with nature does not require us to abandon modern civilisation. Studies show that people currently spend an average of less than five minutes a day in nature. Increasing this to just 40 minutes a day is an achievable goal for most citizens.(然而，这种设想是有缺陷的。重建我们与自然的关系，并不需要我们放弃现代文明。研究表明，如今人们每天置身自然的时间平均不足五分钟。对大多数人而言，将这一时间增加至每天仅40分钟，是一个可以实现的目标。)”可知，作者提出每日40分钟的目标，是为了证明重建人与自然联结的变革是切实可行的。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段“By increasing biodiversity in our cities and bringing nature back into early education, we can secure a lasting connection to nature.(通过提升城市生物多样性、将自然重新融入早教，我们能维系与自然长久的联结。)”可知，全文围绕人类与自然日渐疏离的现状，呼吁从城市改造和早教入手，重建人与自然的纽带，所以A项“Rebuilding Our Bond with Nature(重建我们与自然的联系)”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 8 （2026·北京西城·二模）What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 1．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 2．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 3．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了研究者从认知角度分析：攀附权贵者和爱八卦的人并非只是道德有瑕疵，而是拥有构建社会认知图谱的能力；这类心理图谱能帮助人们认清社交结构、获得社交影响力、预判流言传播，大脑特定区域也参与社交地图构建，最终指出人们同样需要在社交世界中学会规划。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. (我母亲认为，二者在品行上都令人存疑。我们也轻易把这种观念传给下一代：远离投机钻营者，远离私下说闲话的人。)”及第二段“But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive skill. (但世俗说法简化了现实。那些擅长社交攀附与闲聊八卦的人，对社交结构有着极强的把控力，能从容游走在社交圈中。这种能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知技能。)” 可知，作者并不认同母亲单纯从道德层面否定这类人的观点，对母亲的观点持不赞同的态度。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”及“The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. (最具影响力的人能快速构建同龄人社交关系的心理图谱；那些起初有影响力却没有精准社交网络心理图谱的人，无法长久保持影响力。)” 可知，社交认知图谱有助于人们在同龄人中获得持久的社交影响力。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第七段“The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. (这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深刻，我们就越擅长brokering社群人际关系。)” 及原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”可知，社交认知图谱构建得越完善，就越能处理好人际关系，故此处brokering意为 “打理、维系、经营”，与Managing同义。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. (为了更好地理解社交处世这一行为，我和合作伙伴开展了多项研究，探究人们是如何构建社交认知图谱的。)”及最后一段“Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. (策略性的寻路不只适用于物理空间，在社交图景中从容周旋同样至关重要。)” 以及全文围绕社交认知图谱、社交处世与布局展开论述可知，全文核心主题是“经营我们的社交世界”。 Passage 9 （2026·天津·二模）What does being “smart” mean? The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons. He famously said that we can be knowledgeable with another man’s knowledge but cannot be wise with another man’s wisdom. And wisdom — which, to Michel de Montaigne, meant living well — was the only kind of “smart”. Wisdom, Michel de Montaigne thought, was available to anyone who was prepared and able to reflect well on their experiences. Reflecting well means more than just taking account of things that have made you feel one way or another. It means understanding the most basic elements to which they can be reduced. How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce! Wisdom takes a little bit more, however, than an ability to reflect well. It requires being able to adjust your life to make the best use of self-knowledge, which, in turn, can take discipline. Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences. One of the best lessons I’ve learnt this year is that denying my urge to check something online has led to myself being freed from the virtual world’s tight control. What does a smart person look like? I used to think it was someone you find in cafes with a complicated-sounding book in front of them. I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness. Somehow my current image of “smart” is able to include someone who often walks into poles or trips over their own feet, so long as they know how to smile about it. 1．Which idea might Michel de Montaigne have criticised? A．We cannot learn others’ wisdom. B．Knowledge can be shared between individuals. C．Schools are the most important places for study. D．We may not become smart through formal education. 2．What does the author try to tell the readers by mentioning Vondelpark? A．Less is more. B．Life is only a journey. C．Nature is our best teacher. D．Travelling makes us happy. 3．What does the author say about wisdom in Para. 3? A．It requires little self-discipline. B．It equals the ability to reflect well. C．It is about adjusting one’s life to acquire knowledge. D．It is about keeping a balance between gains and losses. 4．What does the author talk about in the last paragraph? A．Montaigne’s conception of wisdom. B．Different approaches to wisdom. C．His image of a smart person. D．Definition of being cheerful. 5．What would be the best title of the passage? A．The Importance of Book Learning B．Wisdom: The Perception of “Smart” C．The Reflections on Life in Vondelpark D．Michel de Montaigne: A Great Philosopher 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了“智慧”的定义及智慧的获得，强调了智慧的重要性。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The 16th-century philosopher Michel de Montaigne argued that we made a big mistake in regarding book learning or formal school education as sources of our most important lessons.(16世纪哲学家米歇尔·德·蒙田认为，我们把书本学习或正规学校教育视为我们最重要课程的来源，这是一个巨大的错误)”可知，米歇尔·德·蒙田可能批评学校是最重要的学习场所这种观点。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“How wonderful to realise that you were so happy when you were in Vondelpark in Amsterdam, not because you were on holiday and hundreds of kilometres from home, but because you had been around nature. A condition much easier to reproduce!(多么美妙啊，当你意识到你在阿姆斯特丹的冯得尔公园时是那么快乐，不是因为你在度假，离家数百公里，而是因为你置身于大自然之中。这种情况更容易再现)”可知，作者提到冯得尔公园是想告诉读者“少即是多”，即快乐源于简单、自然的事物，而非复杂的外部条件。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wisdom has a lot to do with understanding the eventual gains we can harvest from short-term deprivations (匮乏) and inconveniences.(智慧与理解我们能够从短期的匮乏和不便中获得的最终收益有很大关系)”可知，作者认为智慧是关于在得失之间保持平衡。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“What does a smart person look like?(一个聪明的人是什么样的)”以及“I tend, these days, to agree with Michel de Montaigne that the most certain sign of wisdom is cheerfulness.(如今，我倾向于同意米歇尔·德·蒙田的观点，即智慧最确定的标志是快乐)”可知，作者在最后一段谈论了他心目中聪明人的形象。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要探讨了“智慧”的定义，以及智慧的获得，并强调了智慧的重要性，因此B选项“智慧：‘聪明’的认知”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。 试卷第1页，共3页 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $