高考词汇变形记-9、形容词后缀–y,-ing,-ed 专练-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 以“构词规则-语义功能-语境应用”为逻辑链，系统梳理形容词后缀-y/-ing/-ed的派生规律与语义差异，通过词例归纳与梯度训练提升词汇派生能力与语境辨析思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |后缀规则讲解|4类-y变化/3类-ing变化/4类-ed变化词例表|后缀构成规则（直接加/去e加/双写加等）、语义功能定位（-y表“多…的”，-ing表“令人…的”，-ed表“感到…的”）|从构词形式到语义特征，建立“形式-意义”对应关系| |跟踪训练|10道-ing/-ed辨析题|-ing/-ed语境区分法（修饰物用-ing，修饰人用-ed）|通过典型语境强化语义差异应用| |基础训练|形容词辨析15题+语法填空20题+短语填空10题|词汇派生与语境匹配技巧|从单一后缀应用过渡到综合语言能力| |能力提升|语法填空1篇+读后续写1篇|语篇中词汇派生的准确运用|实现从专项规则到语篇输出的能力迁移|

高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 9、形容词后缀–y,-ing,-ed 思维导图： 一、形容词性后缀-y 1. 适用对象：大多数加在名词之后，少数加在动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“多……的” 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-y 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 cloud cloudy 多云的 milk milky 含奶的，浑浊的 wind windy 刮风的 cream creamy 奶油（色）的 rain rainy 多雨的 salt salty 多盐的，咸的 storm stormy 风雨交加的 oil oily 油腻的 snow snowy 下雪的 water watery 泪汪汪的 mist misty 薄雾冥冥的 hair hairy 多毛的 rock rocky 多石头的 hand handy 趁手的 hill hilly 多山的 head heady 烧脑的 grass grassy 长满草的 cheek cheeky 厚脸皮的 weed weedy 杂草丛生的 blood bloody 血腥的 leaf leafy 叶茂的 sweat sweaty 汗津津的 bush bushy 茂密的 mess messy 凌乱的 wood woody 多树的 dirt dirty 脏的 glass glassy 目光呆滞的 dust dusty 布满灰尘的 shadow shadowy 朦胧的 fault faulty 有瑕疵的 health healthy 健康的 greed greedy 贪婪的 wealth wealthy 富有的 sleep sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 pick picky 爱挑剔的 risk risky 有风险的 stick sticky 黏糊糊的 trick tricky 棘手的 （2）以-e结尾的变-e为-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 ice icy 结冰的 choose choosy 爱挑剔的 noise noisy 喧闹的 shake shaky 颤巍巍的 smoke smoky 烟雾弥漫的 shine shiny 亮闪闪的 taste tasty 美味的 bone bony 瘦骨嶙峋的 juice juicy 多汁的 stone stony 多石的，冷酷的 rose rosy 粉红的，美好的 shade shady 阴凉的 price pricey,pricy 昂贵的 （3）以-er结尾的去-e-加-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 anger angry 生气的 hunger hungry 饥饿的 （4）“重读闭音节”结尾的单词须双写词尾辅音字母再加-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 sun sunny 阳光灿烂的 fog foggy 雾蒙蒙的 fun funny 可笑的，有趣的 star starry 星光灿烂的 run runny 流鼻涕的 fur furry 毛茸茸的 skin skinny 干瘦的,皮包骨的 wool woolly 毛茸茸的 fat fatty 高脂肪的 mud muddy 泥泞的 slip slipp(er)y 滑溜溜的 二、形容词性后缀 -ing 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后，尤以情绪动词为主。 2. 内在含义：加在情绪动词之后，表示“令人……的”，加在其它动词之后，表示“具有……性质的”。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 delight delighting 令人高兴的 annoy annoying 令人讨厌的 interest interesting 有趣的 satisfy satisfying 令人满意的 exhaust exhausting 令人疲惫的 worry worrying 令人担忧的 disgust disgusting 令人恶心的 terrify terrifying 令人恐惧的 disappoint disappointing 令人失望的 embarrass embarrassing 令人难堪的 entertain entertaining 令人开心的 impress impressing 令人钦佩的 frighten frightening 骇人的 alarm alarming 惊人的 touch touching 动人的 shock shocking 令人震惊的 astonish astonishing 令人惊讶的 relax relaxing 令人轻松的 disturb disturbing 令人不安的 thrill thrilling 令人兴奋的 demand demanding 要求高的 reward rewarding 高回报的 try trying 难对付的 test testing 棘手的 （2）去-e加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 inspire inspiring 鼓舞人心的 move moving 令人感动的 encourage encouraging 鼓舞人心的 please pleasing 令人满意的 confuse confusing 令人费解的 relieve relieving 令人宽慰的 puzzle puzzling 令人费解的 surprise surprising 令人惊讶的 scare scaring 吓人的 discourage discouraging 令人泄气的 tire tiring 令人疲惫的 frustrate frustrating 令人沮丧的 bore boring 乏味的 convince convincing 令人信服的 challenge challenging 挑战性强的 invite inviting 诱人的 strike striking 显著的 promise promising 有前途的 （3）双写词尾辅音字母再加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 upset upsetting 令人苦恼的 三、形容词性后缀-ed 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后（尤以情绪动词为主），也可加在名词之后。 2. 内在含义：加在情绪动词之后，表示“感到……的”， 加在名词之后，表示“具有……的”。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 alarm alarmed 担惊受怕的 entertain entertained 感到开心的 relax relaxed 放松的 frighten frightened 惊恐的 shock shocked 惊愕的 annoy annoyed 气恼的 interest interested 感兴趣的 touch touched 感动的 delight delighted 高兴的 astonish astonished 感到惊讶的 disappoint disappointed 失望的 impress impressed 感到佩服的 disgust disgusted 反感的 embarrass embarrassed 感到窘迫的 exhaust exhausted 疲惫不堪的 thrill thrilled 极为激动的 gift gifted 有天赋的 skill skilled 有技术的 talent talented 有才能的 beard bearded 有胡须的 feather feathered 有羽毛的 sight sighted 有视力的 wing winged 有翅膀的 注：斜体部分为“名词加-ed”词例。 （2） 以-e结尾的只需加-d 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 amaze amazed 感到惊讶的 inspire inspired 深受启发的 amuse amused 感到愉悦的 tire tired 疲劳的 surprise surprised 感到惊讶的 bore bored 厌烦的 please pleased 高兴的 scare scared 惊恐的 confuse confused 困惑的 excite excited 兴奋的 encourage encouraged 深受鼓舞的 frustrate frustrated 沮丧的 discourage discouraged 感到气馁的 relieve relieved 感到宽慰的 puzzle puzzled 大惑不解的 move moved 感动的 wrinkle wrinkled 有皱纹的 code coded 有密码的 experience experienced 有经验的 注：斜体部分为“名词加-ed”词例。 （3） 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变-y为-i-再加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 satisfy satisfied 满意的 worry worried 忧愁的 terrify terrified 恐惧的 horrify horrified 惊恐的 （4）以重读闭音节结尾的，双写词尾辅音字母再加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 spot spotted 有斑点的 跟踪训练 1.It is ______ to see such a ______ face on the little girl. A. surprising; surprised B. surprised; surprising C. surprising; surprising D. surprised; surprised 2.She is a ______ girl and always keeps her room ______. A.lucky; clean B. tidy; cleanly C. rainy; tidy D. tidy; windy 3.I am ______ with the ______ speech given by the teacher. A. bored; bored B. boring; bored C. bored; boring D. boring; boring 4.Don’t be ______ by his ______ words; he is just joking. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 5.After the long walk, we were all ______ and the journey was really ______. A. exhausted; exhausting B. exhausting; exhausted C. exhausted; exhausted D. exhausting; exhausting 6.His ______ look showed that he was ______ at the result. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzled 7.We felt ______ when we heard the ______ news of failure. A. depressing; depressed B. depressed; depressing C. depressing; depressing D. depressed; depressed 8.It was ______ of him to help the ______ old man. A. kind; helpless B. kindly; helpless C. kind; helpful D. kindness; helpless 9.His ______ explanation left me more ______ than before. A. confusing; more confusing B. confused; much confusing C. confusing; more confused D. confused; much confused 10.Everyone was ______ at the ______ magic show last night. A. amazed; amazing B. amazing; amazed C. amazed; amazed D. amazing; amazing 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 基础训练 一、形容词辨析题 ‌1. After the long journey, the ________ travelers were eager to find a place to rest.‌ A. energetic B. exhausted C. curious D. frightened ‌2. The teacher gave us a ________ explanation, so everyone in the class understood the complex theory easily.‌ A. vague B. thorough C. bitter D. casual ‌3. To protect the environment, we should try to use ________ materials in our daily life.‌ A. artificial B. renewable C. rigid D. temporary ‌4. Bill often helps his parents with housework; he is a very ________ boy.‌ A. shy B. strict C. helpful D. nervous ‌5. The victim of the earthquake are in ________ need of food and medicine.‌ A. abnormal B. anxious C. desperate D. aggressive ‌6. My grandfather is eighty now, but he is as ________ as a young man and dislikes sitting around.‌ A. satisfying B. energetic C. absorbed D. incredible ‌7. For journalists, it’s important to report news ________, presenting facts without personal opinions.‌ A. cruelly B. sincerely C. objectively D. positively ‌8. Scientists are ________ about the project's success due to numerous technical challenges.‌ A. frank B. skeptical C. casual D. identical ‌9. The smile he wore at the party looked ________, as if he was forcing himself to be happy.‌ A. borrowed B. defeated C. offended D. confused ‌10. The instructions must be ________; any vague step could lead to a failure in the experiment.‌ A. substantial B. relevant C. sufficient D. precise 11.In the novel,the character’s expression was described as __________leaving the readers deeply moved. A.poignant B.acute C.pungent D.incisive 12.The journalist’s description of the event was __________and captured all the key details. A.precise B.exact C.accurate D.meticulous 13.Despite all the difficulties,she remained ____________about her plan to complete the project on time. A.optimistic B.objective C.optional D.impressive 14.His explanation was so ___________that it was hard to follow what he was trying to say. A.complex B.complicated C.aggressive D.severe 15.After years of practice,he has developed a____________sense of rhythm. A.delicate B.keen C.sensitive D.acute 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.B 二、单句语法填空题 1.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. 2.Canada is also one of the most (ethnic) diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 3. we need are your two New Year’s (resolve). 4.In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University (occupy) by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. 5.The hockey team (comprise) of twelve members won the final last night. 6.Li DaiYu heard the sound of the train (thunder) on through the rolling hills. 7.Only in this way can we build a more (harmony) society. 8.The museum is holding an exhibition where you will see many works by (influence) artists. 9.A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. 10.These criteria show that we are global citizens interested in world stability that we are responsible for others. 11.We must encourage the planting of new trees and be devoted to (preserve) our existing woodlands. 12.There is still some doubt the sports meeting will be held in our school next Friday because of the possible rain. 13.Before the discovery of these creatures, it (think) that all life on the Earth obtain nutrients from the sun. 14.Chen Wei had his dinner (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 15.This Chinese company has an (urge) desire to keep pace with the development of high technology in the world. 16.As is known to all, interest is vital ___________ the success of one’s career. 17. ___________(judge) from her clothes, she’s pretty rich and well-educated. 18.Last year the business went belly up(倒闭) after one of the partners ___________(resign) and left. 19.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when ___________(give) first aid care. 20.Columbus insisted ___________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 1.who 2.ethnically 3.What resolutions 4.were occupied 5.comprised 6.thundering 7.harmonious 8.influential 9.where 10.and 11.preserving 12.whether 13.was thought 14.interrupted 15.urgent 16.to 17.Judging 18.resigned 19.giving 20.on 三、短语填空 give out; drop off; wake up to; be absorbed in; in return; take up; come across; in contrast; let out; come as no surprise 1.It __________________________ to learn that they broke their promises. 2._______________________, when we are diligently focused, our attention tends to be towards the details of the problems we are trying to solve. 3.Tom, his thought, walked right past his friend. 4.The football players have ____________________ their positions on the field, waiting for the whistle. 5.I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question ____________________. 6.The witness told the police everything he had seen, being careful not to ________________________ any details. 7.Hearing the injured soldier was saved, I ___________________ a sign of relief. 8.If you ___________________ any problem when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. 9.It’s time you ________________________the fact that it’s a dangerous world out there. Be brave and optimistic. 10.I went home and ________________________ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. 1.came as no surprise 2.In contrast 3.absorbed in 4.taken up 5.in return 6.give out 7.let out 8.come across 9.woke up to 10.dropped off 能力提升 一、语法填空 Distant pleasant music floated above the Sydney Opera House stage. Soft light gradually revealed motionless figures at work, as if lifted ____1____ the pages of a Ming-dynasty book. Slowly they began to move. Accompanied by the soft sound of page turning and the gentle flow of water, their graceful ____2____ (gesture) formed a living picture of labour. This breathtaking opening of the dance drama Tiangong Kaiwu pulled me ____3____ (instant) into that world of ancient creation. Through ____4____ (express) movement, the performance conveyed the book’s core message — ____5____ (value) the skills passed down by countless unknown labourers and the power of practical tools. The beautiful scenes of golden fields and shiny silk made me feel the deep bond between humanity and nature. The most moving moment came ____6____ Song Yingxing took off his official robe (官袍) and stepped into a “field” formed by the other dancers. All motion ceased; only his figure remained, arms stretched upward, silent yet full of strength. At that instant, history ____7____ (it) seemed to hold its breath. As I left the theatre I overheard a visitor say “This is beauty that ____8____ (go) beyond borders.” His words deepened my belief: art ____9____ (root) in a culture’s finest traditions possesses a timeless power to move anyone. This was more than ____10____ ancient book brought to life — it was a celebration of Chinese wisdom and its spirit of sharing with the world. 1. from 2. gestures 3. instantly 4. expressive 5. valuing 6. when 7. itself 8. goes 9. rooted 10. an 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要描述了舞蹈剧《天工开物》的精彩演出场景，以及作者观看演出后的感受与思考，展现了中国传统艺术的魅力与文化内涵。 【1题详解】考查介词。句意：柔和的灯光逐渐照亮了舞台上静止的人物，他们仿佛从一本明代书籍的书页中被抬了出来。结合句意，此处表示“从……中”，应用介词from，lifted from意为“从……被抬起”，符合语境。故填from。 【2题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在轻柔的翻页声和流水声的陪伴下，他们优雅的姿态构成了一幅生动的劳动画卷。gesture为可数名词，结合句中their（他们的）可知，此处应用复数形式，指代多名舞者的姿态。故填gestures。 【3题详解】考查副词。句意：舞蹈剧《天工开物》这令人惊叹的开场瞬间就把我带入了那个古老的创造世界。此处修饰动词pulled（带入），应用副词形式，instant的副词为instantly，意为“立刻、瞬间”。故填instantly。 【4题详解】考查形容词。句意：通过富有表现力的动作，这场演出传递了这本书的核心思想——珍视无数无名劳动者传承下来的技艺和实用工具的力量。此处修饰名词movement（动作），应用形容词形式，express的形容词为expressive，意为“富有表现力的”。故填expressive。 【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过富有表现力的动作，这场演出传递了这本书的核心思想——珍视无数无名劳动者传承下来的技艺和实用工具的力量。此处为名词短语core message的同位语，用动名词形式。故填valuing。 【6题详解】考查定语从句/连词。句意：最感人的时刻出现在宋应星脱下官袍，走进由其他舞者组成的“田野”时。此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，应用连词when。故填when。 【7题详解】考查反身代词。句意：在那一刻，历史本身仿佛也屏住了呼吸。此处指代主语history（历史）本身，应用反身代词itself，起强调作用。故填itself。 【8题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当我离开剧院时，我无意中听到一位观众说“这是一种超越国界的美”。此处为定语从句，先行词为beauty（美），为不可数名词，定语从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且句子描述的是观看演出时的感受，用一般现在时即可，故填goes。 【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的话加深了我的信念：植根于一种文化最优秀传统的艺术，具有打动任何人的永恒力量。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，be rooted in意为“植根于”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词短语作定语。故填rooted。 【10题详解】考查冠词。句意：这不仅仅是一本被赋予生命的古书——这是对中国智慧及其与世界分享精神的赞颂。ancient book为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一本古书”，为泛指，且ancient是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Andy stared at the white envelope on his desk. The Student Affairs Office logo in the corner made his stomach sink. He opened it slowly. Health and Safety Warning. Fine(罚款): $300. Three hundred dollars — his entire summer earnings, meant for books and a winter coat. Now gone, all because of a messy room! Andy was a quiet international student who kept his side of the dorm perfectly organized. For him, neatness brought calm and control. His roommate, Eric, was the opposite: he lived in what could only be described as a happy mess. Clothes piled on his chair, empty snack bags collected on the floor, and the shared waste bin always overflowed. But Eric was kind — he’d shown Andy around campus, helped with his homework, and lifted his spirits when he was homesick. Andy was grateful. He never complained. He didn’t want to start a fight. So, he’d sigh and quietly take out the garbage, thinking it was a small price for such a good friend. But he’d been home for two weeks — and returned to this. Now. holding the letter, he felt it was a big mistake. “I’ve been cleaning up his mess, and I get fined too?” he thought in frustration. This wasn’t fair. His usual “avoid trouble” plan had failed. Just then, the door flew open. “Andy! You won’t believe the game today...” Eric’s energetic entry stopped short. “Whoa. You look pale as a sheet. What’s wrong?” Without a word, Andy held out the warning letter. Eric took it, his smile fading as he read. “Oh, no. A fine? Three hundred? I’m... I’m really sorry.” He looked from the letter to the pile of pizza boxes in the corner, which he’d meant to throw out for days, then to Andy’s spotless desk. Real guilt washed over his face. “I’ve been completely careless about this. I’m sorry Andy...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough — they needed rules. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.”Eric nodded firmly, guilt written all over his face. “You’re right. It’s my mess, and I’ll take full responsibility.” They rolled up their sleeves and got to work. Eric collected the overflowing trash while Andy organized the shared desk space. As they cleaned, Eric kept saying sorry, promising he would change. Seeing Eric’s sincerity, Andy felt some of his frustration disappear. By the time they finished, the room looked spotless. Eric sat on his now-clean bed and sighed, ‘I never realized how much my habits were affecting you. Thanks for not just kicking me out.” They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough -- they needed rules.Eric suggested they create a simple roommate agreement. “How about this?” he proposed. “I’ll take out the trash every Friday, and I promise to keep my clothes off the floor. If I break the rules, I’ll pay you double the fine next time.” Andy smiled for the first time that day. “Deal,” he said, extending his hand. “And I promise to speak up if something bothers me instead of bottling it up.” They shook hands, feeling a renewed sense of trust. That night, they even ordered pizza together, but this time, Eric made sure the boxes went straight to the bin. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了国际学生Andy因室友Eric房间脏乱收到300美元罚款通知，这是他暑假全部收入。Andy一向整洁且常帮Eric收拾，此次回家两周后返回却遭此无妄之灾。Eric得知后深感愧疚并道歉。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“‘没关系的，’Andy轻声说道，‘不过咱们现在一起把它清理干净吧。’可知，第一段可描写两个人一起彻底打扫房间卫生的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“他们俩都明白，一次性的清洁是不够的——他们还需要制定一些规则。”可知，第二段可描写他们两人一起制定卫生规则，分担责任，共同维护房间整洁。 2.续写线索：Eric道歉——共同打扫——制定规则——承诺——原谅——友好相处 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①收集：collect /gather/assemble ②道歉：say sorry/apologize/make an apology ③消失：disappear/melt away/lift/fade away 情绪类 ①羞愧，愧疚：guilt/shame/humiliation/regret ②沮丧：frustration/discouragement/depression 【点睛】 [高分句型1].Eric nodded firmly, guilt written all over his face. （运用了“名词+过去分词”的独立主格结构） [高分句型2].As they cleaned, Eric kept saying sorry, promising he would change.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句及现在分词作状语） [高分句型3]. “Deal,” he said, extending his hand.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语） 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考词汇变形记----------------------------后缀篇 9、形容词后缀–y,-ing,-ed 思维导图： 一、形容词性后缀-y 1. 适用对象：大多数加在名词之后，少数加在动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示“多……的” 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-y 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 cloud cloudy 多云的 milk milky 含奶的，浑浊的 wind windy 刮风的 cream creamy 奶油（色）的 rain rainy 多雨的 salt salty 多盐的，咸的 storm stormy 风雨交加的 oil oily 油腻的 snow snowy 下雪的 water watery 泪汪汪的 mist misty 薄雾冥冥的 hair hairy 多毛的 rock rocky 多石头的 hand handy 趁手的 hill hilly 多山的 head heady 烧脑的 grass grassy 长满草的 cheek cheeky 厚脸皮的 weed weedy 杂草丛生的 blood bloody 血腥的 leaf leafy 叶茂的 sweat sweaty 汗津津的 bush bushy 茂密的 mess messy 凌乱的 wood woody 多树的 dirt dirty 脏的 glass glassy 目光呆滞的 dust dusty 布满灰尘的 shadow shadowy 朦胧的 fault faulty 有瑕疵的 health healthy 健康的 greed greedy 贪婪的 wealth wealthy 富有的 sleep sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 pick picky 爱挑剔的 risk risky 有风险的 stick sticky 黏糊糊的 trick tricky 棘手的 （2）以-e结尾的变-e为-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 ice icy 结冰的 choose choosy 爱挑剔的 noise noisy 喧闹的 shake shaky 颤巍巍的 smoke smoky 烟雾弥漫的 shine shiny 亮闪闪的 taste tasty 美味的 bone bony 瘦骨嶙峋的 juice juicy 多汁的 stone stony 多石的，冷酷的 rose rosy 粉红的，美好的 shade shady 阴凉的 price pricey,pricy 昂贵的 （3）以-er结尾的去-e-加-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 anger angry 生气的 hunger hungry 饥饿的 （4）“重读闭音节”结尾的单词须双写词尾辅音字母再加-y: 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 根词 派生形容词 中文含义 sun sunny 阳光灿烂的 fog foggy 雾蒙蒙的 fun funny 可笑的，有趣的 star starry 星光灿烂的 run runny 流鼻涕的 fur furry 毛茸茸的 skin skinny 干瘦的,皮包骨的 wool woolly 毛茸茸的 fat fatty 高脂肪的 mud muddy 泥泞的 slip slipp(er)y 滑溜溜的 二、形容词性后缀 -ing 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后，尤以情绪动词为主。 2. 内在含义：加在情绪动词之后，表示“令人……的”，加在其它动词之后，表示“具有……性质的”。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 delight delighting 令人高兴的 annoy annoying 令人讨厌的 interest interesting 有趣的 satisfy satisfying 令人满意的 exhaust exhausting 令人疲惫的 worry worrying 令人担忧的 disgust disgusting 令人恶心的 terrify terrifying 令人恐惧的 disappoint disappointing 令人失望的 embarrass embarrassing 令人难堪的 entertain entertaining 令人开心的 impress impressing 令人钦佩的 frighten frightening 骇人的 alarm alarming 惊人的 touch touching 动人的 shock shocking 令人震惊的 astonish astonishing 令人惊讶的 relax relaxing 令人轻松的 disturb disturbing 令人不安的 thrill thrilling 令人兴奋的 demand demanding 要求高的 reward rewarding 高回报的 try trying 难对付的 test testing 棘手的 （2）去-e加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 inspire inspiring 鼓舞人心的 move moving 令人感动的 encourage encouraging 鼓舞人心的 please pleasing 令人满意的 confuse confusing 令人费解的 relieve relieving 令人宽慰的 puzzle puzzling 令人费解的 surprise surprising 令人惊讶的 scare scaring 吓人的 discourage discouraging 令人泄气的 tire tiring 令人疲惫的 frustrate frustrating 令人沮丧的 bore boring 乏味的 convince convincing 令人信服的 challenge challenging 挑战性强的 invite inviting 诱人的 strike striking 显著的 promise promising 有前途的 （3）双写词尾辅音字母再加-ing 动词 派生形容词 中文含义 upset upsetting 令人苦恼的 三、形容词性后缀-ed 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后（尤以情绪动词为主），也可加在名词之后。 2. 内在含义：加在情绪动词之后，表示“感到……的”， 加在名词之后，表示“具有……的”。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃： （1）直接加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 alarm alarmed 担惊受怕的 entertain entertained 感到开心的 relax relaxed 放松的 frighten frightened 惊恐的 shock shocked 惊愕的 annoy annoyed 气恼的 interest interested 感兴趣的 touch touched 感动的 delight delighted 高兴的 astonish astonished 感到惊讶的 disappoint disappointed 失望的 impress impressed 感到佩服的 disgust disgusted 反感的 embarrass embarrassed 感到窘迫的 exhaust exhausted 疲惫不堪的 thrill thrilled 极为激动的 gift gifted 有天赋的 skill skilled 有技术的 talent talented 有才能的 beard bearded 有胡须的 feather feathered 有羽毛的 sight sighted 有视力的 wing winged 有翅膀的 注：斜体部分为“名词加-ed”词例。 （2） 以-e结尾的只需加-d 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 amaze amazed 感到惊讶的 inspire inspired 深受启发的 amuse amused 感到愉悦的 tire tired 疲劳的 surprise surprised 感到惊讶的 bore bored 厌烦的 please pleased 高兴的 scare scared 惊恐的 confuse confused 困惑的 excite excited 兴奋的 encourage encouraged 深受鼓舞的 frustrate frustrated 沮丧的 discourage discouraged 感到气馁的 relieve relieved 感到宽慰的 puzzle puzzled 大惑不解的 move moved 感动的 wrinkle wrinkled 有皱纹的 code coded 有密码的 experience experienced 有经验的 注：斜体部分为“名词加-ed”词例。 （3） 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变-y为-i-再加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 根词 形容词 中文含义 satisfy satisfied 满意的 worry worried 忧愁的 terrify terrified 恐惧的 horrify horrified 惊恐的 （4）以重读闭音节结尾的，双写词尾辅音字母再加-ed 根词 形容词 中文含义 spot spotted 有斑点的 跟踪训练 1.It is ______ to see such a ______ face on the little girl. A. surprising; surprised B. surprised; surprising C. surprising; surprising D. surprised; surprised 2.She is a ______ girl and always keeps her room ______. A.lucky; clean B. tidy; cleanly C. rainy; tidy D. tidy; windy 3.I am ______ with the ______ speech given by the teacher. A. bored; bored B. boring; bored C. bored; boring D. boring; boring 4.Don’t be ______ by his ______ words; he is just joking. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 5.After the long walk, we were all ______ and the journey was really ______. A. exhausted; exhausting B. exhausting; exhausted C. exhausted; exhausted D. exhausting; exhausting 6.His ______ look showed that he was ______ at the result. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzled 7.We felt ______ when we heard the ______ news of failure. A. depressing; depressed B. depressed; depressing C. depressing; depressing D. depressed; depressed 8.It was ______ of him to help the ______ old man. A. kind; helpless B. kindly; helpless C. kind; helpful D. kindness; helpless 9.His ______ explanation left me more ______ than before. A. confusing; more confusing B. confused; much confusing C. confusing; more confused D. confused; much confused 10.Everyone was ______ at the ______ magic show last night. A. amazed; amazing B. amazing; amazed C. amazed; amazed D. amazing; amazing 基础训练 一、形容词辨析题 ‌1. After the long journey, the ________ travelers were eager to find a place to rest.‌ A. energetic B. exhausted C. curious D. frightened ‌2. The teacher gave us a ________ explanation, so everyone in the class understood the complex theory easily.‌ A. vague B. thorough C. bitter D. casual ‌3. To protect the environment, we should try to use ________ materials in our daily life.‌ A. artificial B. renewable C. rigid D. temporary ‌4. Bill often helps his parents with housework; he is a very ________ boy.‌ A. shy B. strict C. helpful D. nervous ‌5. The victim of the earthquake are in ________ need of food and medicine.‌ A. abnormal B. anxious C. desperate D. aggressive ‌6. My grandfather is eighty now, but he is as ________ as a young man and dislikes sitting around.‌ A. satisfying B. energetic C. absorbed D. incredible ‌7. For journalists, it’s important to report news ________, presenting facts without personal opinions.‌ A. cruelly B. sincerely C. objectively D. positively ‌8. Scientists are ________ about the project's success due to numerous technical challenges.‌ A. frank B. skeptical C. casual D. identical ‌9. The smile he wore at the party looked ________, as if he was forcing himself to be happy.‌ A. borrowed B. defeated C. offended D. confused ‌10. The instructions must be ________; any vague step could lead to a failure in the experiment.‌ A. substantial B. relevant C. sufficient D. precise 11.In the novel,the character’s expression was described as __________leaving the readers deeply moved. A.poignant B.acute C.pungent D.incisive 12.The journalist’s description of the event was __________and captured all the key details. A.precise B.exact C.accurate D.meticulous 13.Despite all the difficulties,she remained ____________about her plan to complete the project on time. A.optimistic B.objective C.optional D.impressive 14.His explanation was so ___________that it was hard to follow what he was trying to say. A.complex B.complicated C.aggressive D.severe 15.After years of practice,he has developed a____________sense of rhythm. A.delicate B.keen C.sensitive D.acute 二、单句语法填空题 1.Following in the footsteps of his own teacher all those years ago, Mr. Wang has now passed on his skills to the new members, will take on many of the future repairs. 2.Canada is also one of the most (ethnic) diverse nations in the world with distinct cultures. 3. we need are your two New Year’s (resolve). 4.In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University (occupy) by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. 5.The hockey team (comprise) of twelve members won the final last night. 6.Li DaiYu heard the sound of the train (thunder) on through the rolling hills. 7.Only in this way can we build a more (harmony) society. 8.The museum is holding an exhibition where you will see many works by (influence) artists. 9.A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee. 10.These criteria show that we are global citizens interested in world stability that we are responsible for others. 11.We must encourage the planting of new trees and be devoted to (preserve) our existing woodlands. 12.There is still some doubt the sports meeting will be held in our school next Friday because of the possible rain. 13.Before the discovery of these creatures, it (think) that all life on the Earth obtain nutrients from the sun. 14.Chen Wei had his dinner (interrupt) when he heard someone screaming from another table. 15.This Chinese company has an (urge) desire to keep pace with the development of high technology in the world. 16.As is known to all, interest is vital ___________ the success of one’s career. 17. ___________(judge) from her clothes, she’s pretty rich and well-educated. 18.Last year the business went belly up(倒闭) after one of the partners ___________(resign) and left. 19.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when ___________(give) first aid care. 20.Columbus insisted ___________ finding a direct sea route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. 三、短语填空 give out; drop off; wake up to; be absorbed in; in return; take up; come across; in contrast; let out; come as no surprise 1.It __________________________ to learn that they broke their promises. 2._______________________, when we are diligently focused, our attention tends to be towards the details of the problems we are trying to solve. 3.Tom, his thought, walked right past his friend. 4.The football players have ____________________ their positions on the field, waiting for the whistle. 5.I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question ____________________. 6.The witness told the police everything he had seen, being careful not to ________________________ any details. 7.Hearing the injured soldier was saved, I ___________________ a sign of relief. 8.If you ___________________ any problem when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. 9.It’s time you ________________________the fact that it’s a dangerous world out there. Be brave and optimistic. 10.I went home and ________________________ my schoolbag and started to help Mother do the cooking. 能力提升 一、语法填空 Distant pleasant music floated above the Sydney Opera House stage. Soft light gradually revealed motionless figures at work, as if lifted ____1____ the pages of a Ming-dynasty book. Slowly they began to move. Accompanied by the soft sound of page turning and the gentle flow of water, their graceful ____2____ (gesture) formed a living picture of labour. This breathtaking opening of the dance drama Tiangong Kaiwu pulled me ____3____ (instant) into that world of ancient creation. Through ____4____ (express) movement, the performance conveyed the book’s core message — ____5____ (value) the skills passed down by countless unknown labourers and the power of practical tools. The beautiful scenes of golden fields and shiny silk made me feel the deep bond between humanity and nature. The most moving moment came ____6____ Song Yingxing took off his official robe (官袍) and stepped into a “field” formed by the other dancers. All motion ceased; only his figure remained, arms stretched upward, silent yet full of strength. At that instant, history ____7____ (it) seemed to hold its breath. As I left the theatre I overheard a visitor say “This is beauty that ____8____ (go) beyond borders.” His words deepened my belief: art ____9____ (root) in a culture’s finest traditions possesses a timeless power to move anyone. This was more than ____10____ ancient book brought to life — it was a celebration of Chinese wisdom and its spirit of sharing with the world. 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Andy stared at the white envelope on his desk. The Student Affairs Office logo in the corner made his stomach sink. He opened it slowly. Health and Safety Warning. Fine(罚款): $300. Three hundred dollars — his entire summer earnings, meant for books and a winter coat. Now gone, all because of a messy room! Andy was a quiet international student who kept his side of the dorm perfectly organized. For him, neatness brought calm and control. His roommate, Eric, was the opposite: he lived in what could only be described as a happy mess. Clothes piled on his chair, empty snack bags collected on the floor, and the shared waste bin always overflowed. But Eric was kind — he’d shown Andy around campus, helped with his homework, and lifted his spirits when he was homesick. Andy was grateful. He never complained. He didn’t want to start a fight. So, he’d sigh and quietly take out the garbage, thinking it was a small price for such a good friend. But he’d been home for two weeks — and returned to this. Now. holding the letter, he felt it was a big mistake. “I’ve been cleaning up his mess, and I get fined too?” he thought in frustration. This wasn’t fair. His usual “avoid trouble” plan had failed. Just then, the door flew open. “Andy! You won’t believe the game today...” Eric’s energetic entry stopped short. “Whoa. You look pale as a sheet. What’s wrong?” Without a word, Andy held out the warning letter. Eric took it, his smile fading as he read. “Oh, no. A fine? Three hundred? I’m... I’m really sorry.” He looked from the letter to the pile of pizza boxes in the corner, which he’d meant to throw out for days, then to Andy’s spotless desk. Real guilt washed over his face. “I’ve been completely careless about this. I’m sorry Andy...” 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 “It’s okay,” Andy said quietly, “but let’s clean it together now.” _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They both knew that one-time cleaning was not enough — they needed rules. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $