高考词汇变形记4、名词后缀–ment,-al,-ure,-ing，-age 专练-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦名词后缀-ment/-al/-ure/-ing/-age，通过规则-特例-词例系统梳理，结合多题型训练实现词形转换能力突破，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |后缀讲解|5类后缀，含argue→argument等30+词例|提炼各后缀适用对象、含义及变化规则（如-ment无需双写/变y为i，-age分直接加/去e/变y为i等）|按后缀类型分类，形成“规则-特例-词例”递进链条，构建词形转换知识网络| |综合训练|跟踪训练10题+基础训练（名词辨析15题、语法填空20题、短语填空11题）+能力提升（阅读4题、完形15题）|通过语法填空强化规则应用，名词辨析提升语境理解，阅读完形实现知识迁移|从基础规则到语境应用，覆盖词形转换核心考法，培养学习策略与思维品质|

高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 4、名词后缀–ment,-al,-ure,-ing,-age 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ment 1. 适用对象：绝大多数加在动词之后，极少数加在副词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示行为过程或结果。 3. 变化规则最为简单：无需双写辅音字母，无需变-y为-i，绝大多数无需去-e（argue除外） 唯一必须去-e再加-ment的动词 argue argument 争论，论点 词尾-e可去可不去的动词 judge judg(e)ment 判断，评判 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 amaze amazement 惊讶；惊愕 adjust adjustment 调整；调节 amuse amusement 消遣；娱乐 appoint appointment 约会；任命 agree agreement 同意，协议 disappoint disappointment 失望 disagree disagreement 分歧 commit commitment 承诺，义务 arrange arrangement 安排；排列 treat treatment 治疗；待遇 encourage encouragement 鼓励；奖励 depart department 部门，系 discourage discouragement 灰心，泄气 invest investment 投资 manage management 管理；处理 develop development 发展；开发 engage engagement 订婚，约定 equip equipment 设备；装备 advance advancement 发展；前进 assess assessment 评价；评定 announce announcement 公告，宣布 embarrass embarrassment 尴尬；窘迫 base basement 地下室 attach attachment 附件；依恋 excite excitement 兴奋；刺激 astonish astonishment 惊讶 state statement 陈述；声明 punish punishment 处罚；惩罚 measure measurement 测量；尺寸 accomplish accomplishment 成就，才艺 require requirement 需要；要求 establish establishment 建立 retire retirement 退休，退役 refresh refreshment 恢复活力 replace replacement 替换 enjoy enjoyment 享受；欢乐 achieve achievement 成就；功绩 employ employment 雇佣，就业 improve improvement 改善，提高 pay payment 支付，报答 move movement 运动；动作 entertain entertainment 款待；娱乐 pave pavement 人行道 assign assignment 分配；任务 involve involvement 参与，投入 govern government 政府 advertise advertisement 广告 abandon abandonment 抛弃，放弃 puzzle puzzlement 困惑，迷惘 个别副词也可加-ment构成名词，如： settle settlement 定居；解决 apart apartment 公寓 二、名词性后缀–al 1. 适用对象：通常加在以-ve,-se, -ry结尾的动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或状态。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 arrive arrival 到达 refuse refusal 拒绝 survive survival 幸存 propose proposal 提议 revive revival 复活 dispose disposal 清除，处理 remove removal 清除 rehearse rehearsal 排练 approve approval 批准，同意 bury burial 埋葬，葬礼 disapprove disapproval 不认可，反对 try trial 试验，审判 三、名词性后缀–age 1. 适用对象：加在动词、名词或形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示动作、结果、状态、数量、费用、地方等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: 变化细则 根词 派生名词 中文含义 （1）大多数直接加-age: break breakage 破损 leak leakage 泄漏 short shortage 短缺，缺乏 post postage 邮资 pass passage 路费、走廊 cover coverage 报道，占比 mile mileage 里程 （2）去-e再加-age: store storage 储存 （3）变-y为-i再加-age: marry marriage 婚姻 carry carriage 运费、车厢 （4）双写词尾辅音字母再加-age: bag baggage 行李 四、名词性后缀-ure 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或结果。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加在动词之后 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 fail failure 失败 press pressure 压力 （2）以-e结尾的动词去-e再加-ure 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 create creature 生物 please pleasure 快乐 close closure 关闭 expose exposure 暴露 （3）特殊变化（在动词后加-ture或-ature） 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 mix mixture 混合物 sign signature 签名 五、名词性后缀-ing 1. 适用对象：加在动之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态、行为和结果。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 build building 建筑物 draw drawing 素描 find finding 调研结果 paint painting 油画 engineer engineering 工程学 end ending 结局 feel feeling 感情 suffer suffering 苦难 hear hearing 听力 say saying 谚语 read reading 阅读，读物 greet greeting 问候 find finding 调研结果 found founding 成立 （2）去-e再加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 live living 生计 write writing 写作，作品 （3）双写词尾辅音字母再加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 begin beginning 开端 program programming 编程 （4）下列几个派生名词通常以复数形式出现 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 belong belongings 财物 surround surroundings 环境 earn earnings 收入 save savings 积蓄，存款 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.When it comes to other people’s_______________(argue),it’s better to leave well alone. 2.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official______________(approve). 3.I followed the hospital’s advice and I’ve only brought a few _______________ (belong) with me. 4.They looked at him with a _____________(mix) of horror,envy and awe. 5.They want the public to understand the reason for the _____________(short). 6.In recent years,an __________________(employ) rate of graduates has remained at more than 92 percent. 7.Tom was trembling from head to foot with______________(excite) and a sense of the hopelessness of the situation. 8.Your words remind me of the _____________(say) honey is sweet but the bee stings. 9.Are you for or against the _____________(propose)? 10.The shock of her husband’s ________________(arrive) brought her to her feet. 1.arguments 2.approval 3.belongings 4.mixture 5.shortage 6.employment 7.excitement 8.saying 9.proposal 10.arrival 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your________. A.condition B.income C.credit D.status 2.Time and time again she was warned of the of her action. A.effects B.results C.importance D.consequences 3.Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their _______ to patients. A.exposure B.discrimination C.guidance D.response 4.If you want to see a doctor,you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is common in the USA. A.view B.exercise C.reality D.practice 5.Usually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n)_________. A.break B.improvement C.exception D.tradition 6.Dogs have a very good_______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A.view B.sense C.means D.idea 7.Tomorrow's match against Portugal is expected to be the big of the season. A.incident B.case C.affair D.event 8.The weather here is very changeable.A bright sky in the morning is not a______of fine weather during the rest of the day. A.sign B.signal C.preparation D.guarantee 9.The explorer got a disease in blood for________ of fresh vegetables and fruit. A.lack B.sake C.ignorance D.benefit 10.Residents are hunting for the ________ behind a series of incidents,so they can thank him or her for the continuous donation. A.green fingers B.dark horse C.good Samaritan D.sacred cow 11.We are volunteers that do,and will always,meet our______ to the world and particularly to those who so desperately need our support. A.requirements B.objections C.commitments D.threats 12.Our class held a fierce ________as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not． A.bargain B.competition C.debate D.campaign 13.The purse found in the corner of the waiting room matches the________by Jane,so it must be hers. A.report B.information C.message D.description 14.Jack decided to choose a different and teach history through story telling. A.analysis B.angle C.attitude D.approach 15.His former employer agreed to act as a for him in his application for the position. A.symbol B.figure C.reference D.character 1.C；2.D；3.A；4.D；5.C；6.B；7.D；8.D；9.A；10.C；11.C；12.C；13.D；14.D；15.C 二、单句语法填空题 1.The legacy (遗产) of Ancient Rome represented the overwhelming influence on Romanesque (architect).   2.There is a large collection of texts available for (consult)on-screen. 3. Her ____________(appoint) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting. 4.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and ___________(guide) to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. 5. Boys who worked in the home or community gained ___________(competent) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society. 6.The government admitted that there was a petrol ___________(short) but warned people against panic buying. 7.Modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China with its pleasant ____________(surround). 8.The rescuers in Africa say it is worse than ever as disease and ___________(starve) combine to kill thousands. 9.Repairing our __________(possess) and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 10.Income, education and ___________(occupy) all play a part in detemining a person’s living style. 11. He readily comes to people’s ___________(assist) whenever they come across difficulties. 12. The president stressed the importance of the ___________(preserve) and development of traditional Chinese medicine and breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas at a meeting. 13. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ___________(assign) at the office of China Daily. 14. The rainy season is coming. It’s a matter of great ___________(urgent) to repair the drainage and irrigation equipment. 15.As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone. 16.The (accurate) of the measurement is crucial for obtaining reliable results. 17.Our military (defend) is crucial for maintaining national security. 18.The Nobel Prize is the highest (recognize) of achievement in fields like peace and science. 19.A wide variety of (souvenir) are on sale in the visitors’ center. 20.He made a (commit) to himself that he would never show any prejudice to cleaning women. 1.architecture 2.consultation 3.appointment 4.guidance 5.competence 6.shortage 7.surroundings 8.starvation 9.possessions 10.occupation 11.assistance 12.preservation 13.assignment 14.urgency 15.greeting 16.accuracy 17.defence/defense 18.recognition 19.souvenirs 20.commitment 三、短语填空 not to mention; do the trick; in decline; consist of; fall apart; throw oneself into; be desperate for; tear apart; lie in; as opposed to; take off; make up for; 1.The work was never finished and bit by bit the building ______________________. 2.Those young ladies ______________________ study when they were in university. 3.The shop is too far, ____________________ the fact that it may have been closed by now anyway. 4.She doesn’t want her family ____________________ by quarrels. 5.The man lost in the desert _______________________ water. 6.The club ___________________ more than 200 members. 7.Because of the fierce competition, cotton industry in this area is _______________. 8.The result was rather unsatisfactory, ___________________ what we had expected. 9.The electric car company says sales will ________________ once supply increases. 10.How can we __________________________ what you have suffered? 11.Your success and happiness _________________________you. 1.fell apart 2.threw themselves into  3.not to mention 4.to be torn apart 5.was desperate for 6.consists of 7.in decline  8.as opposed to 9.take off  10.make up for 11.lie in 能力提升 一、阅读理解 Some check watches or phone apps to know the time, but few realize our bodies have an internal clock — our circadian (昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy (化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells, Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 am instead of 6 pm experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 am generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodlyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles (毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm - through timed treatments and rhythm - aware living - we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 1. What was Francis Lévi’s exploration of cancer treatment based on? A. The different patterns of cell division. B. The time when cancer cells divide slowly. C. The measurement of patients’ sleep habits. D. The insight of traditional Chinese medicine. 2. What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest about chronotherapy? A. It is widely used in medical practice. B. It is limited by measurement problems. C. It relies on traditional rhythm assessment. D. Its effectiveness is tied to treatment timing. 3. Which is a good daily application of circadian rhythm? A. Avoiding regular melatonin supplements. B. Getting treatment when healthy cells sleep. C. Adapting daily routines to natural rhythms. D. Following regular lifestyle for physical health. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B. Build a Healthy Internal Clock C. Pursue a True Healthy Lifestyle D. Explore Chemotherapy Approaches 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昼夜节律对人体健康的重要性，以及时间疗法的原理、应用、面临的挑战和日常应用建议。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment(时间疗法的理念——在正确的时间给药——很大程度上归功于中医，中医描述了器官在特定时间的活动高峰。法国研究员弗朗西斯·莱维借鉴了这一智慧来探索癌症治疗)”可知，弗朗西斯·莱维对癌症治疗的探索是基于中医的见解。故选D。 【2题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 am instead of 6 pm experienced far milder sickness and tiredness.(医学测试结果很有希望。那些在早上6点而不是晚上6点接受化疗的人，病情和疲劳感要轻得多)”以及第四段中“Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples.(然而，时间疗法面临着一个问题：每个人的生物钟差异可达12小时。测量它过去很耗时——追踪褪黑激素的释放需要在黑暗中待上数小时，并频繁取样)”可知，这两段既提到了时间疗法的有效性，也提到了其面临的测量问题，但核心在于强调其有效性是与治疗时间紧密相关的。故选D。 【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance.(这些在确定我们生物时间方面的进步不仅支持精准医疗，还支持利用日常节律来增强整体健康。例如，早晨接触光线有助于推进生物钟，而晚上尽量减少蓝光则有助于促进深度睡眠。在个人认知和身体状态的高峰期（通常是下午到傍晚早些时候）安排高强度的脑力任务或剧烈运动可以提高表现)”可知，根据昼夜节律调整日常作息是一个好的日常应用。故选C。 【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕昼夜节律对人体健康的重要性展开，强调了通过利用昼夜节律（通过定时治疗和有节奏的生活）可以解锁更长寿、更健康的生活，因此A项“Follow Your Circadian Rhythm(遵循你的昼夜节律)”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 二、完形填空 When I was fifteen, I considered myself too cool for my father’s workshop where he repaired furniture while I was lost in digital worlds. One Saturday, he asked for my assistance with a special ___1___ fixing my grandmother’s cherished antique wooden clock. I agreed with a reluctant sigh, perceiving it as totally ___2___.But as I watched father’s hands work, something shifted. As he explained the ___3___ of each gear (齿轮) and the clock’s history, his eyes ___4___ with a passion I had never noticed before. We worked together for weeks. Slowly, the clock ___5___ its former elegance and charm, while I learned to wipe the delicate hands and gently ___6___ the glass. My impatience ___7___ fascination: I wasn’t just cleaning; I was ___8___ a piece of family history. The day we hung the clock was a day of pride. Its steady tick felt like a heartbeat. That experience taught me a ___9___ lesson. It wasn’t about the clock,but the time spent with my father. I came to ____10____ the value of his wisdom and skills I had once ____11____. Now every time I visit home, I check the clock and ____12____ it. It works not only as a beautiful artifact (手工艺品) but also as a ____13____ of the day I truly saw my father. His workshop was a shelter where patience and love could ____14____ anything broken. He would say, “Some things, like this clock and our bond, just need a little ____15____ to run forever.” 1. A. task B. situation C. trouble D. case 2. A. quick B. tough C. vital D. dull 3. A. precision B. stability C. function D. material 4. A. winked B. shone C. faded D. clouded 5. A. sought B. regained C. sustained D. reserved 6. A. polish B. dust C. sweep D. mop 7. A. differed from B. resulted in C. turned into D. brought about 8. A. recalling B. preserving C. demanding D. selling 9. A. complex B. pricey C. formal D. valuable 10. A. ignore B. question C. create D. recognize 11. A. disagreed B. overlooked C. undertook D. misplaced 12. A. touch B. watch C. wind D. strike 13. A. moment B. thought C. highlight D. reminder 14. A. restore B. purchase C. discover D. change 15. A. inspiration B. imagination C. attention D. description 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述 15 岁时作者本不愿帮父亲修理祖母的古董木钟，但在过程中体会到父亲对手艺的热爱，领悟到与父亲相处时光的珍贵，木钟成为对父亲深刻印象的纪念。 【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个星期六，他请我帮忙完成一项特殊任务，修理我祖母珍爱的古董木钟。A. task任务；B. situation情况；C. trouble麻烦；D. case事例。根据“fixing my grandmother’s cherished antique wooden clock”可知，修理木钟是一项任务。故选A。 【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不情愿地叹了口气答应了，觉得这无聊透顶。A. quick快速的；B. tough艰难的；C. vital至关重要的；D. dull无趣的。根据前文“considered myself too cool for my father’s workshop”及“reluctant sigh”可知，作者觉得修理木钟很无趣。故选D。 【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他解释每个齿轮的功能和时钟的历史时，他的眼睛闪烁着我从未注意到的热情。A. precision精确；B. stability稳定；C. function功能；D. material材料。根据后文“grandmother’s”可知，父亲向作者解释每个齿轮的功能。故选C。 【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他解释每个齿轮的功能和时钟的历史时，他的眼睛闪烁着我从未注意到的热情。A. winked眨眼；B. shone闪耀；C. faded褪色；D. clouded使模糊。根据前文“his eyes”以及后文“with a passion”可知，父亲眼睛闪耀着热情。故选B。 【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起工作了几周。慢慢地，时钟恢复了它往日的优雅和魅力，而我学会了擦拭精致的指针，轻轻擦拭玻璃。A. sought寻找；B. regained恢复；C. sustained维持；D. reserved保留。根据前文修理时钟及后文“its former elegance and charm”可知，时钟恢复了它往日的优雅和魅力。故选B。 6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起工作了几周。慢慢地，时钟恢复了它往日的优雅和魅力，而我学会了擦拭精致的指针，轻轻擦拭玻璃。A. polish擦拭，磨光；B. dust拂去灰尘；C. sweep打扫；D. mop用拖把拖洗。根据后文“the glass”可知，修理时钟时应是擦拭玻璃。故选A。 【7题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的不耐烦变成了着迷：我不仅仅是在清洁；我是在保存一段家族历史。A. differed from与……不同；B. resulted in导致；C. turned into变成；D. brought about引起。根据前文“impatience”及后文“fascination”可知，是不耐烦变成着迷。故选C。 【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的不耐烦变成了着迷：我不仅仅是在清洁；我是在保存一段家族历史。A. recalling回忆；B. preserving保存；C. demanding要求；D. selling出售。根据后文“a piece of family history”及修理时钟这一行为可知，是在保存家族历史。故选B。 【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那次经历给我上了宝贵的一课。A. complex复杂的；B. pricey昂贵的；C. formal正式的；D. valuable宝贵的。根据后文“It wasn’t about the clock, but the time spent with my father.”可知，作者学到与父亲相处的价值等，所以这一课很宝贵。故选D。 【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始认识到他的智慧和技能的价值，而这些我曾经忽视。A. ignore忽视；B. question质疑；C. create创造；D. recognize认识到。根据后文“the value of his wisdom and skills”可知，作者认识到价值。故选D。 【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始认识到他的智慧和技能的价值，而这些我曾经忽视。A. disagreed不同意；B. overlooked忽视；C. undertook承担；D. misplaced放错地方。根据前文“considered myself too cool for my father’s workshop”可知，作者之前忽视父亲的智慧和技能。故选B。 【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在每次我回家，我都会检查时钟并给它上发条。A. touch触摸；B. watch观看；C. wind给……上发条；D. strike撞击。根据“check the clock”及常识可知，时钟需要上发条。故选C。 【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅是一件美丽的手工艺品，也是我真正认识父亲的那一天的一个纪念。A. moment时刻；B. thought想法；C. highlight亮点；D. reminder纪念，提醒物。根据“the day I truly saw my father”可知，时钟是那一天的纪念。故选D。 【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的工作坊是一个庇护所，在那里耐心和爱可以修复任何破碎的东西。A. restore修复；B. purchase购买；C. discover发现；D. change改变。根据前文修理时钟及“anything broken”可知，是修复破碎的东西。故选A。 【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会说：“有些东西，就像这个时钟和我们的关系，只需要一点关注就能永远运转下去。”A. inspiration灵感；B. imagination想象；C. attention关注；D. description描述。根据前文修理时钟及“to run forever”可知，需要一点关注就能永远运转下去。故选C。 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考词汇变形记-----------------------------后缀篇 4、名词后缀–ment,-al,-ure,-ing,-age 思维导图： 一、名词性后缀–ment 1. 适用对象：绝大多数加在动词之后，极少数加在副词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示行为过程或结果。 3. 变化规则最为简单：无需双写辅音字母，无需变-y为-i，绝大多数无需去-e（argue除外） 唯一必须去-e再加-ment的动词 argue argument 争论，论点 词尾-e可去可不去的动词 judge judg(e)ment 判断，评判 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 amaze amazement 惊讶；惊愕 adjust adjustment 调整；调节 amuse amusement 消遣；娱乐 appoint appointment 约会；任命 agree agreement 同意，协议 disappoint disappointment 失望 disagree disagreement 分歧 commit commitment 承诺，义务 arrange arrangement 安排；排列 treat treatment 治疗；待遇 encourage encouragement 鼓励；奖励 depart department 部门，系 discourage discouragement 灰心，泄气 invest investment 投资 manage management 管理；处理 develop development 发展；开发 engage engagement 订婚，约定 equip equipment 设备；装备 advance advancement 发展；前进 assess assessment 评价；评定 announce announcement 公告，宣布 embarrass embarrassment 尴尬；窘迫 base basement 地下室 attach attachment 附件；依恋 excite excitement 兴奋；刺激 astonish astonishment 惊讶 state statement 陈述；声明 punish punishment 处罚；惩罚 measure measurement 测量；尺寸 accomplish accomplishment 成就，才艺 require requirement 需要；要求 establish establishment 建立 retire retirement 退休，退役 refresh refreshment 恢复活力 replace replacement 替换 enjoy enjoyment 享受；欢乐 achieve achievement 成就；功绩 employ employment 雇佣，就业 improve improvement 改善，提高 pay payment 支付，报答 move movement 运动；动作 entertain entertainment 款待；娱乐 pave pavement 人行道 assign assignment 分配；任务 involve involvement 参与，投入 govern government 政府 advertise advertisement 广告 abandon abandonment 抛弃，放弃 puzzle puzzlement 困惑，迷惘 个别副词也可加-ment构成名词，如： settle settlement 定居；解决 apart apartment 公寓 二、名词性后缀–al 1. 适用对象：通常加在以-ve,-se, -ry结尾的动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或状态。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 arrive arrival 到达 refuse refusal 拒绝 survive survival 幸存 propose proposal 提议 revive revival 复活 dispose disposal 清除，处理 remove removal 清除 rehearse rehearsal 排练 approve approval 批准，同意 bury burial 埋葬，葬礼 disapprove disapproval 不认可，反对 try trial 试验，审判 三、名词性后缀–age 1. 适用对象：加在动词、名词或形容词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示动作、结果、状态、数量、费用、地方等。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: 变化细则 根词 派生名词 中文含义 （1）大多数直接加-age: break breakage 破损 leak leakage 泄漏 short shortage 短缺，缺乏 post postage 邮资 pass passage 路费、走廊 cover coverage 报道，占比 mile mileage 里程 （2）去-e再加-age: store storage 储存 （3）变-y为-i再加-age: marry marriage 婚姻 carry carriage 运费、车厢 （4）双写词尾辅音字母再加-age: bag baggage 行李 四、名词性后缀-ure 1. 适用对象：加在动词之后。 2. 内在含义：表示过程或结果。 3. 变化细则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加在动词之后 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 fail failure 失败 press pressure 压力 （2）以-e结尾的动词去-e再加-ure 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 create creature 生物 please pleasure 快乐 close closure 关闭 expose exposure 暴露 （3）特殊变化（在动词后加-ture或-ature） 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 mix mixture 混合物 sign signature 签名 五、名词性后缀-ing 1. 适用对象：加在动之后。 2. 内在含义：表示状态、行为和结果。 3. 变化规则及词例荟萃: （1）直接加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 build building 建筑物 draw drawing 素描 find finding 调研结果 paint painting 油画 engineer engineering 工程学 end ending 结局 feel feeling 感情 suffer suffering 苦难 hear hearing 听力 say saying 谚语 read reading 阅读，读物 greet greeting 问候 find finding 调研结果 found founding 成立 （2）去-e再加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 live living 生计 write writing 写作，作品 （3）双写词尾辅音字母再加-ing 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 begin beginning 开端 program programming 编程 （4）下列几个派生名词通常以复数形式出现 动词 派生名词 中文含义 动词 派生名词 中文含义 belong belongings 财物 surround surroundings 环境 earn earnings 收入 save savings 积蓄，存款 跟踪训练 单句语法填空 1.When it comes to other people’s_______________(argue),it’s better to leave well alone. 2.The plan will be submitted to the committee for official______________(approve). 3.I followed the hospital’s advice and I’ve only brought a few _______________ (belong) with me. 4.They looked at him with a _____________(mix) of horror,envy and awe. 5.They want the public to understand the reason for the _____________(short). 6.In recent years,an __________________(employ) rate of graduates has remained at more than 92 percent. 7.Tom was trembling from head to foot with______________(excite) and a sense of the hopelessness of the situation. 8.Your words remind me of the _____________(say) honey is sweet but the bee stings. 9.Are you for or against the _____________(propose)? 10.The shock of her husband’s ________________(arrive) brought her to her feet. 基础训练 一、名词辨析题 1.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect your________. A.condition B.income C.credit D.status 2.Time and time again she was warned of the of her action. A.effects B.results C.importance D.consequences 3.Healthcare workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their _______ to patients. A.exposure B.discrimination C.guidance D.response 4.If you want to see a doctor,you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is common in the USA. A.view B.exercise C.reality D.practice 5.Usually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n)_________. A.break B.improvement C.exception D.tradition 6.Dogs have a very good_______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A.view B.sense C.means D.idea 7.Tomorrow's match against Portugal is expected to be the big of the season. A.incident B.case C.affair D.event 8.The weather here is very changeable.A bright sky in the morning is not a______of fine weather during the rest of the day. A.sign B.signal C.preparation D.guarantee 9.The explorer got a disease in blood for________ of fresh vegetables and fruit. A.lack B.sake C.ignorance D.benefit 10.Residents are hunting for the ________ behind a series of incidents,so they can thank him or her for the continuous donation. A.green fingers B.dark horse C.good Samaritan D.sacred cow 11.We are volunteers that do,and will always,meet our______ to the world and particularly to those who so desperately need our support. A.requirements B.objections C.commitments D.threats 12.Our class held a fierce ________as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not． A.bargain B.competition C.debate D.campaign 13.The purse found in the corner of the waiting room matches the________by Jane,so it must be hers. A.report B.information C.message D.description 14.Jack decided to choose a different and teach history through story telling. A.analysis B.angle C.attitude D.approach 15.His former employer agreed to act as a for him in his application for the position. A.symbol B.figure C.reference D.character 二、单句语法填空题 1.The legacy (遗产) of Ancient Rome represented the overwhelming influence on Romanesque (architect).   2.There is a large collection of texts available for (consult)on-screen. 3. Her ____________(appoint) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting. 4.Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and ___________(guide) to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities. 5. Boys who worked in the home or community gained ___________(competent) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society. 6.The government admitted that there was a petrol ___________(short) but warned people against panic buying. 7.Modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China with its pleasant ____________(surround). 8.The rescuers in Africa say it is worse than ever as disease and ___________(starve) combine to kill thousands. 9.Repairing our __________(possess) and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 10.Income, education and ___________(occupy) all play a part in detemining a person’s living style. 11. He readily comes to people’s ___________(assist) whenever they come across difficulties. 12. The president stressed the importance of the ___________(preserve) and development of traditional Chinese medicine and breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas at a meeting. 13. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first ___________(assign) at the office of China Daily. 14. The rainy season is coming. It’s a matter of great ___________(urgent) to repair the drainage and irrigation equipment. 15.As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone. 16.The (accurate) of the measurement is crucial for obtaining reliable results. 17.Our military (defend) is crucial for maintaining national security. 18.The Nobel Prize is the highest (recognize) of achievement in fields like peace and science. 19.A wide variety of (souvenir) are on sale in the visitors’ center. 20.He made a (commit) to himself that he would never show any prejudice to cleaning women. 三、短语填空 not to mention; do the trick; in decline; consist of; fall apart; throw oneself into; be desperate for; tear apart; lie in; as opposed to; take off; make up for; 1.The work was never finished and bit by bit the building ______________________. 2.Those young ladies ______________________ study when they were in university. 3.The shop is too far, ____________________ the fact that it may have been closed by now anyway. 4.She doesn’t want her family ____________________ by quarrels. 5.The man lost in the desert _______________________ water. 6.The club ___________________ more than 200 members. 7.Because of the fierce competition, cotton industry in this area is _______________. 8.The result was rather unsatisfactory, ___________________ what we had expected. 9.The electric car company says sales will ________________ once supply increases. 10.How can we __________________________ what you have suffered? 11.Your success and happiness _________________________you. 能力提升 一、阅读理解 have an internal clock — our circadian (昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy (化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells, Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 am instead of 6 pm experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 am generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodlyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles (毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm - through timed treatments and rhythm - aware living - we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 1. What was Francis Lévi’s exploration of cancer treatment based on? A. The different patterns of cell division. B. The time when cancer cells divide slowly. C. The measurement of patients’ sleep habits. D. The insight of traditional Chinese medicine. 2. What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 suggest about chronotherapy? A. It is widely used in medical practice. B. It is limited by measurement problems. C. It relies on traditional rhythm assessment. D. Its effectiveness is tied to treatment timing. 3. Which is a good daily application of circadian rhythm? A. Avoiding regular melatonin supplements. B. Getting treatment when healthy cells sleep. C. Adapting daily routines to natural rhythms. D. Following regular lifestyle for physical health. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B. Build a Healthy Internal Clock C. Pursue a True Healthy Lifestyle D. Explore Chemotherapy Approaches 二、完形填空 When I was fifteen, I considered myself too cool for my father’s workshop where he repaired furniture while I was lost in digital worlds. One Saturday, he asked for my assistance with a special ___1___ fixing my grandmother’s cherished antique wooden clock. I agreed with a reluctant sigh, perceiving it as totally ___2___.But as I watched father’s hands work, something shifted. As he explained the ___3___ of each gear (齿轮) and the clock’s history, his eyes ___4___ with a passion I had never noticed before. We worked together for weeks. Slowly, the clock ___5___ its former elegance and charm, while I learned to wipe the delicate hands and gently ___6___ the glass. My impatience ___7___ fascination: I wasn’t just cleaning; I was ___8___ a piece of family history. The day we hung the clock was a day of pride. Its steady tick felt like a heartbeat. That experience taught me a ___9___ lesson. It wasn’t about the clock,but the time spent with my father. I came to ____10____ the value of his wisdom and skills I had once ____11____. Now every time I visit home, I check the clock and ____12____ it. It works not only as a beautiful artifact (手工艺品) but also as a ____13____ of the day I truly saw my father. His workshop was a shelter where patience and love could ____14____ anything broken. He would say, “Some things, like this clock and our bond, just need a little ____15____ to run forever.” 1. A. task B. situation C. trouble D. case 2. A. quick B. tough C. vital D. dull 3. A. precision B. stability C. function D. material 4. A. winked B. shone C. faded D. clouded 5. A. sought B. regained C. sustained D. reserved 6. A. polish B. dust C. sweep D. mop 7. A. differed from B. resulted in C. turned into D. brought about 8. A. recalling B. preserving C. demanding D. selling 9. A. complex B. pricey C. formal D. valuable 10. A. ignore B. question C. create D. recognize 11. A. disagreed B. overlooked C. undertook D. misplaced 12. A. touch B. watch C. wind D. strike 13. A. moment B. thought C. highlight D. reminder 14. A. restore B. purchase C. discover D. change 15. A. inspiration B. imagination C. attention D. description 第 1 页 共 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $