2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册 暑假作业Day13

**基本信息** 以“过去进行时 & when/while用法”为核心，通过概念-规则-句式-易错点逻辑链条构建方法体系，结合中考真题与多样题型，强化语言应用能力与思维辨析品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法知识梳理|基础概念/连词区分/固定句式/变形规则/易错点|双维度区分when/while（动作持续性+时态匹配）；三大固定句式公式化记忆；动词ing变形规则分类归纳；四易错点对比辨析|概念（定义+结构）→规则（连词用法+句式）→应用（变形+易错规避）| |综合题型训练|单选15题（含2022-2024中考真题）/选词5篇/完形2篇/阅读2篇|真题情境化应用（结合天气/灾害场景）；语篇填空时态呼应训练；完形/阅读逻辑推理强化|单一语法点→多题型综合运用→跨语境迁移|

Day 13 限时练习：60min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 过去进行时 & when /while 用法（原卷版） 过去进行时 & when /while 用法 一、时态基础概念 过去进行时用来表示过去某个时刻 / 某段时间内，正在持续进行的动作。 基本结构分两类： 单数主语 / I /he/she /it → was + 动词 - ing 复数主语 /you/we /they → were + 动词 - ing 例句 1：I was travelling on the train then.（我当时正在火车上赶路） 例句 2：My children and I were reading together.（我和孩子们那时正在一起看书） 二、连词 when & while 核心区分 1. while 释义：当…… 的时候 用法：从句后接延续性长动作，时态多用过去进行时（was/were doing），多用于两个动作同步持续发生。 例句：It was raining hard while we were driving back. 2. when 释义：当…… 时 用法：从句后接短暂、一次性短动作，时态多用一般过去时；常用来表示短动作打断正在进行的长动作。 例句：We were driving home when the strong winds started. 三、三大高频固定句式（填空必背） 主句长动作 (was/were doing) + while + 从句长动作 (was/were doing) 含义：两个持续性动作同时进行 例：While we were driving home, the strong winds were blowing heavily. 主句长动作 (was/were doing) + when + 从句短动作 (一般过去时) 含义：正在做某事，突然发生另一件突发事 例：We were driving home when the strong winds started. When + 短动作 (一般过去时)，主句长动作 (was/were doing) 含义：当某事突然发生时，主句动作正在进行 例：When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 四、动词变形规则（本册必用） 动词变现在分词（doing）规则： 一般动词直接加 - ing：drive→driving；rain→raining；pack→packing 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 - ing：write→writing；move→moving 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅），双写尾字母加 - ing：sit→sitting；run→running 五、易混易错要点梳理 易错点 1：while 后不能接短暂性动词（hit/call/land 等） ❌ While the typhoon hit, I slept. ✅ When the typhoon hit, I was sleeping. 易错点 2：主谓一致不能混淆 单数主语搭配 was doing，复数主语搭配 were doing ❌ They was packing supplies. ✅ They were packing supplies. 易错点 3：连词混用判断技巧 看见两个长时间持续的动作同步进行，优先用 while； 一个长动作、一个突发短动作搭配，短动作前只用 when。 易错点 4：过去进行时时间提示词 then /at that time /when the storm hit /while the wind blew 六、配套课本典型例句 1.What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?（while 连接两个延续动作） 2.What were your family doing when the typhoon hit?（when 接突发短动作 hit） 3.When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner.（when 引导短句放句首） 4.We were driving home when the strong winds started.（长动作 + when + 突发动作） 5.While we were driving home, the strong winds started.（while 引导持续动作放句首） 单项选择。 () 1.（2022・北京中考真题）—What ______ you ______ at 7 o’clock last night? —I was packing storm supplies. A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing () 2.（2023・湖北十堰中考真题）I ______ a shower when my neighbour called me last evening. A. take B. took C. am taking D. was taking () 3.（2024・黑龙江中考真题）______ it was snowing heavily, we were reading books indoors. A. When B. While C. Since D. If () 4.（2022・广西柳州中考真题）The power ______ out when my father and I made dinner. A. go B. went C. was going D. were going () 5.（2023・辽宁营口中考真题）Tim ______ TV with his family from 8 to 9 last Saturday night. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. will watch () 6.（2024・云南中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you at five yesterday afternoon. —I ______ supplies for the typhoon at that time. A. will pack B. packed C. am packing D. was packing () 7.（2023・四川乐山中考真题）______ we were driving home, the strong winds started suddenly. A. While B. When C. Before D. After () 8.（2022・河北中考真题）My sister and I ______ dinner when the typhoon hit the coast. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having () 9.（2024・福建中考真题）Don’t touch the broken wire ______ you are walking in the rainy street. A. while B. when C. until D. though () 10.（2023・四川遂宁中考真题）—Why didn’t you answer my phone at 9 p.m.? —Sorry, I ______ a letter to warn my cousin about the storm. A. wrote B. was writing C. write D. am writing () 11.（2024・湖北恩施中考真题）______ the rain was beating against the roof, Jenny’s little sister cried loudly. A. When B. While C. As soon as D. Unless () 12.（2023・辽宁中考真题）The boys ______ the tornado news when the teacher walked into the classroom. A. talk about B. talked about C. were talking about D. will talk about () 13.（2022・江苏宿迁中考真题）We were hiding in the safe room ______ the tornado passed by our house. A. while B. when C. since D. after () 14.（2024・湖北襄阳中考改编真题）Which sentence is correct about when and while? A. While the typhoon landed, I slept. B. When I slept soundly, it rains heavily. C. While we were packing supplies, lightning flashed. D. When we were driving, the wind is strong. () 15.（2023・辽宁抚顺中考真题）At this time yesterday, some people ______ the streets to clear fallen branches after the storm. A. start B. started C. are starting D. were starting 一、选词填空 A(全国课后作业)  用 was、were、when 或 while 完成短文。(每个词可重复使用) When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain     1     beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once.     2     they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they     3     hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed.     4     they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe     5     some     6     starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. B（全国课后作业）    阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 able     suddenly     she     eat     top     mile     but     useful     plan     supply Cindy is a 17-year-old teenager from the US. She is a skiing lover. On 3rd March, she went skiing in Maine. While she was     1     to go home, a heavy snowstorm hit the area. Cindy wasn’t     2     to see far. Before she knew it, she had lost her way. The girl was alone. She didn’t have any food, water, a phone or other     3    . She was getting colder and colder. Cindy didn’t know where she was. She tried her best to calm herself down.     4    , she thought of the survival shows she watched on television. It was time to use the lessons she had learned. She should find a place to keep     5     warm. The first thing she did was to build a small snow cave. Then she got many branches. She put them on     6     of the cave to stay warm. In the evening, Cindy was really hungry. She     7     some snow and drank water from a river. She slept in the cave with her arms and legs close to her body. The next day, Cindy went out to look for help,     8     she couldn’t find anybody. So she went back to her cave. Two days later, Cindy went out again. She walked for about a     9     when somebody found her. Finally, Cindy was saved. Cindy felt lucky to be a fan of the show Man vs Wild. She learned     10     lessons from it, which helped save her life. C（25-26八下江苏南京暑假作业）  阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Everything went black! All the     1     (light) in our flat went out, including the TV. Mum took out the candles and Dad went to see what     2     (be) going on. One advantage of living in     3     tall building is that you always have help nearby. So I went to     4     (we) next door neighbour, Mr Smith. With a candle in his hand, Mr Smith answered the door. Uh—oh! He didn’t have lights,     5    . I found that all the buildings in our neighbourhood were dark. Our neighbours went downstairs     6     began chatting outside. They were not     7     (worry) at all. Then we     8     (hear) a scary sound after a bright flash of lightning. It started to rain     9     (heavy) in no time. In order     10     (get) some information, Mr Smith turned on the radio. The weatherman said that the storm was the cause     11     all the problems. The     12     (one) flash of lightning     13     (hit) a tower at the power station. That was the reason why the lights     14     (sudden) went out before the rain came. Finally, the lights came back on. We cheered     15     (loud). The event made it possible for the neighbours to have a chance to be together. D（25-26八下湖南长沙期末） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On May 23rd, a sudden terrible heavy rain hit Chongqing. The rain kept pouring for several hours, causing serious floods in many areas. When the storm broke out at 11 pm, most people     1     (stay) at home. They could hear strong wind outside and felt quite afraid. Soon, streets and roads were filled     2     floodwater. Many houses and shops were in deep water, and some people were in great danger. Kind volunteers arrived quickly and began     3     (rescue) work at once. They decided to carry old people and little kids out of the flooded houses safely first. Some villagers lost their homes and everything they had, so they felt very sad.     4    , the volunteers’ warmth and kindness brought them hope and courage. So far, the local government     5     (set) up many temporary (临时的) houses for homeless people. The government has also prepared enough food and water for     6     (they). Their living conditions will become much     7     (good) in a short time. Volunteers and local workers keep working hard together. Although the rain still causes trouble, they never stop day-and-night rescue and help.     8     teenage volunteer also joined the work last weekend. He tried his best to help people in need. Nowadays more and more students join volunteer groups     9     (active) to help others. Their kindness can make a big     10     (different) to people’s lives. E（25-26八下上海宝山期末）  Choose the proper words in the boxes to complete the following passages. Each word can be used only once (选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能用一次) A. prepare       B. afraid       C. careful       D. spread       E. increase Extreme heat has become one of the most common natural disasters in recent years. Although it does not hit as suddenly as earthquakes or typhoons, it can result in terrible harm. Last summer, the highest temperatures went above 40℃ and     1     across Asia, North America and Europe, bringing many problems. In Japan, the wet rainy season ended much earlier than usual. The long-lasting high temperature made the need for air conditioners     2    , putting great pressure on the electricity system. The government advised people to     3     enough water, food and batteries in case of power cuts. It also reminded everyone to be     4     of heatstroke (中暑) when going out. People were also encouraged to turn off electronic machines that were not necessary to save energy. A. effects       B. cause       C. deaths       D. situation       E. prevent In the United States, Texas (德克萨斯) recorded a high temperature of 43℃, and the heat made the land much drier and destroyed a large number of plants on the farms. The     5     in Europe was even more serious: temperatures in Portugal (葡萄牙 ) reached 47℃, leading to more than 1,000     6    . Lots of forest fires broke out, and rescue teams worked around the clock to help people stuck in the fire areas. Scientists say the rapid rise of world temperatures is closely connected to human activities, and the harmful     7     of such terrible weather will become more often in the future. Therefore, we should take action to reduce the carbon emissions (碳排放) to     8     such disasters. 完形填空。 A（25-26八下全国课后作业）  Last year, a strong typhoon hit our city. I remember that day clearly because I was     1     at home with my family. It was raining heavily, and the wind was blowing strongly. My father     2     us to stay inside and close all the windows. At first, I wasn’t scared. But soon, the wind became so strong that the trees outside were     3     down. A big branch hit our window and broke it. We were all very     4    . My mother took us to the basement. She told us to stay     5     there. While we were waiting, I could hear the wind     6     like a wild animal. It was the longest night of my life. When the typhoon finally     7     down, we went outside. The neighbourhood looked terrible. There were fallen trees and broken windows everywhere. Luckily, our house was still     8    . Many neighbours came out to help each other clean up. I learned an important lesson that day: we should always     9     for disasters. Now my family always stores extra food and water. Being prepared can make a big     10     when disaster strikes. 1. A．working B．studying C．staying D．playing 2. A．warned B．allowed C．invited D．forced 3. A．broken B．blown C．fallen D．cut 4. A．excited B．bored C．scared D．relaxed 5. A．quiet B．noisy C．active D．alone 6. A．singing B．shouting C．whispering D．laughing 7. A．climbed B．came C．slowed D．turned 8. A．standing B．falling C．burning D．shaking 9. A．wait B．prepare C．ask D．hope 10. A．decision B．choice C．mistake D．difference B（25-26八下全国课后作业）   I looked at my watch. It was ten to six. There were just ten minutes left     1     we could leave for home. Suddenly the earth began to shake. In no time the shake became very     2    . “Earthquake!” someone shouted. I     3     the others to the door but we couldn’t get out. I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my     4    . “Will someone     5     me if the building falls down? Is this the end for me?” I kept thinking about that. Several minutes later the shake     6    . Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it! We ran     7     to the street. It was such a(n)     8     that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood. More and more people came out and many were     9    . Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky     10    . We walked a long way home not     11     much. Some were praying and some were crying. Communication in such a situation was     12    . Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake. So it was     13     to find out if our friends were okay. I had no way of letting my family in China     14     that I was still alive. I just hoped that they wouldn’t     15     the earthquake until tomorrow. 1. A．while B．until C．since D．before 2. A．close B．strange C．strong D．dangerous 3. A．helped B．followed C．allowed D．waited 4. A．feet B．legs C．eyes D．arms 5. A．save B．push C．call D．notice 6. A．changed B．fell C．broke D．stopped 7. A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．loudly 8. A．mess B．accident C．problem D．mistake 9. A．unlucky B．angry C．sad D．hurt 10. A．in shock B．in person C．in place D．in danger 11. A．eating B．saying C．playing D．working 12. A．proper B．crazy C．difficult D．personal 13. A．normal B．impossible C．necessary D．important 14. A．feel B．remember C．imagine D．know 15. A．worry about B．think about C．hear about D．argue about 阅读理解。 A（25-26八下广东云浮期末） What should you do when a flood happens? Stay safe with these tips. If a flood happens where you live, you need to get ready. ● Prepare an emergency kit (应急包). Keep it in an easy-to-reach place. It should include things such as water, dry food, a flashlight, and a first aid kit. ● Prepare something waterproof (防水的) to wear. ● Put important things in waterproof bags and keep them somewhere safe. Follow these tips to stay out of danger during a flood. ● Look out for flood warnings. ● Go to higher ground and stay there. ● Do not try to walk or drive through flooded areas, because they can be deeper than you think. ● Leave your car. It won’t help you at all if it is stuck in the water. Even after the flood ends, it might not be safe to return home. ● Keep following the latest local news. ● Do not use phones, fridges, or other electronics until they are fully dry. ● Do not use or touch anything that floodwater touched, including food. ● Remember that germs (细菌) might be in your home after a flood. 1. When do we need to prepare an emergency kit? A．After a flood breaks out. B．Before a flood happens. C．After going back home. D．When cars fall into floodwater. 2. Why should you prepare waterproof bags? A．To hold dry food only. B．To keep important things safe. C．To put on waterproof clothes. D．To store the flashlight alone. 3. How many safety tips does the writer give for staying away from danger during a flood? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4. Which is the correct order of the activities according to the passage? ① Stay on higher ground during a flood. ② Put important things in waterproof bags. ③ Leave the car when it is stuck in floodwater . ④ Never use wet electronics after a flood. A．②-①-③-④ B．②-③-①-④ C．①-②-③-④ D．②-①-④-③ 5. What is the main purpose of the whole passage? A．To introduce when to prepare for floods. B．To explain why floods happen. C．To show how terrible floods are. D．To tell how to stay safe during floods. B（25-26八下辽宁抚顺期末）  ①It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this was not ordinary (普通) rain—it turned to ice as it fell through the cold air. It rained for six days, and as much as ten centimeters of ice collected on roads, trees and power lines. ②On 5th January, the people of Montreal (蒙特利尔) woke up to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was dark and cold. The roads were covered in ice, so it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back on at any time. ③However, the ice kept falling. It caused branches and whole trees to fall down. More power lines fell down, and the roads became even more dangerous. ④By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army sent over 14,000 soldiers to help. ⑤Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble was not over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs (屋顶) of buildings and trees like knives. Most of the power lines were so badly damaged (毁坏) that they could not be repaired. ⑥Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998. 1. How does the writer describe the influence of the ice storm in Paragraphs 2&3? A．By showing reasons and results. B．By showing experiments and feelings. C．By comparing the past with the present. D．By comparing advantages with disadvantages. 2. What helped people get through the hard time during the ice storm? A．Plenty of stored food at home. B．Thousands of soldiers from the army. C．Fast repair work of power lines. D．Warm firewood from broken trees. 3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to (指代)? A．The falling ice. B．The power lines. C．The broken trees. D．The roofs of buildings. 4. Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Terrible Ice Storm in Canada B．How to Stop Ice Storms C．Ways to Survive Cold Weather D．The Warm Help from Soldiers 根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息。每空不超过三个词。（25-26八下四川成都期末） One cloudy summer morning, I was travelling with my parents by car and nobody warned us about a landslide, and we didn’t make any preparations before it hit. All of a sudden, a strong noise came from the mountain above. Dad stopped the car quickly. Some big rocks rolled down the hillside, with small trees shaking wildly in falling dirt. Dad tried to drive the car backward but falling rocks blocked the road. He stood ready to try again, yet more mud (泥) kept sliding down and stopped our way completely. Out of breath, we hurried to a safe roadside cave (洞穴). Looking out, part of the mountain road was nearly covered under thick mud, with falling stones and broken trees. We stayed inside the cave and didn’t return to the car in order not to get injured. But when the sliding speed slowed down, small rocks started to beat against the cave entrance with scary noises. Then muddy water poured down along the road and the mountain turned as dark as if the end of the world had come. By the time it finally stopped, the outside scene was the worst I’d ever seen. The mountain road looked terribly messy: many guardrails were broken, many trees fell down, and several cars were destroyed by fallen rocks and mud. When nature showed its temper, we could really feel its power. We are all children of nature and we must always show our respect for her. 1.     1     2.     2     3.     3     4.     4     5.     5     学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Day 13 限时练习：60min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 过去进行时 & when /while 用法（解析版） 过去进行时 & when /while 用法 一、时态基础概念 过去进行时用来表示过去某个时刻 / 某段时间内，正在持续进行的动作。 基本结构分两类： 单数主语 / I /he/she /it → was + 动词 - ing 复数主语 /you/we /they → were + 动词 - ing 例句 1：I was travelling on the train then.（我当时正在火车上赶路） 例句 2：My children and I were reading together.（我和孩子们那时正在一起看书） 二、连词 when & while 核心区分 1. while 释义：当…… 的时候 用法：从句后接延续性长动作，时态多用过去进行时（was/were doing），多用于两个动作同步持续发生。 例句：It was raining hard while we were driving back. 2. when 释义：当…… 时 用法：从句后接短暂、一次性短动作，时态多用一般过去时；常用来表示短动作打断正在进行的长动作。 例句：We were driving home when the strong winds started. 三、三大高频固定句式（填空必背） 主句长动作 (was/were doing) + while + 从句长动作 (was/were doing) 含义：两个持续性动作同时进行 例：While we were driving home, the strong winds were blowing heavily. 主句长动作 (was/were doing) + when + 从句短动作 (一般过去时) 含义：正在做某事，突然发生另一件突发事 例：We were driving home when the strong winds started. When + 短动作 (一般过去时)，主句长动作 (was/were doing) 含义：当某事突然发生时，主句动作正在进行 例：When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 四、动词变形规则（本册必用） 动词变现在分词（doing）规则： 一般动词直接加 - ing：drive→driving；rain→raining；pack→packing 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 - ing：write→writing；move→moving 重读闭音节（辅 + 元 + 辅），双写尾字母加 - ing：sit→sitting；run→running 五、易混易错要点梳理 易错点 1：while 后不能接短暂性动词（hit/call/land 等） ❌ While the typhoon hit, I slept. ✅ When the typhoon hit, I was sleeping. 易错点 2：主谓一致不能混淆 单数主语搭配 was doing，复数主语搭配 were doing ❌ They was packing supplies. ✅ They were packing supplies. 易错点 3：连词混用判断技巧 看见两个长时间持续的动作同步进行，优先用 while； 一个长动作、一个突发短动作搭配，短动作前只用 when。 易错点 4：过去进行时时间提示词 then /at that time /when the storm hit /while the wind blew 六、配套课本典型例句 1.What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?（while 连接两个延续动作） 2.What were your family doing when the typhoon hit?（when 接突发短动作 hit） 3.When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner.（when 引导短句放句首） 4.We were driving home when the strong winds started.（长动作 + when + 突发动作） 5.While we were driving home, the strong winds started.（while 引导持续动作放句首） 单项选择。 () 1.（2022・北京中考真题）—What ______ you ______ at 7 o’clock last night? —I was packing storm supplies. A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing () 2.（2023・湖北十堰中考真题）I ______ a shower when my neighbour called me last evening. A. take B. took C. am taking D. was taking () 3.（2024・黑龙江中考真题）______ it was snowing heavily, we were reading books indoors. A. When B. While C. Since D. If () 4.（2022・广西柳州中考真题）The power ______ out when my father and I made dinner. A. go B. went C. was going D. were going () 5.（2023・辽宁营口中考真题）Tim ______ TV with his family from 8 to 9 last Saturday night. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. will watch () 6.（2024・云南中考真题）—Helen, I didn’t see you at five yesterday afternoon. —I ______ supplies for the typhoon at that time. A. will pack B. packed C. am packing D. was packing () 7.（2023・四川乐山中考真题）______ we were driving home, the strong winds started suddenly. A. While B. When C. Before D. After () 8.（2022・河北中考真题）My sister and I ______ dinner when the typhoon hit the coast. A. have B. had C. are having D. were having () 9.（2024・福建中考真题）Don’t touch the broken wire ______ you are walking in the rainy street. A. while B. when C. until D. though () 10.（2023・四川遂宁中考真题）—Why didn’t you answer my phone at 9 p.m.? —Sorry, I ______ a letter to warn my cousin about the storm. A. wrote B. was writing C. write D. am writing () 11.（2024・湖北恩施中考真题）______ the rain was beating against the roof, Jenny’s little sister cried loudly. A. When B. While C. As soon as D. Unless () 12.（2023・辽宁中考真题）The boys ______ the tornado news when the teacher walked into the classroom. A. talk about B. talked about C. were talking about D. will talk about () 13.（2022・江苏宿迁中考真题）We were hiding in the safe room ______ the tornado passed by our house. A. while B. when C. since D. after () 14.（2024・湖北襄阳中考改编真题）Which sentence is correct about when and while? A. While the typhoon landed, I slept. B. When I slept soundly, it rains heavily. C. While we were packing supplies, lightning flashed. D. When we were driving, the wind is strong. () 15.（2023・辽宁抚顺中考真题）At this time yesterday, some people ______ the streets to clear fallen branches after the storm. A. start B. started C. are starting D. were starting 答案:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.D 解析1.C 解析：at 7 o’clock last night 为过去具体时刻，使用过去进行时 were doing。 2.D 解析：when 引导短暂突发动作，主句描述当时正在进行的动作用 was taking。 3.B 解析：主从句均为持续性进行动作，用 while 连接，表示同步发生。 4.B 解析：go out（断电）是短暂性动作，主句使用一般过去时 went。 5.C 解析：from 8 to 9 是过去持续时间段，用过去进行时 was watching。 6.D 解析：at that time 表示过去某个时刻正在做某事，选用 was packing。 7.A 解析：前后都是延续性动作，while 置于句首，强调两个动作同步进行。 8.D 解析：主语 My sister and I 为复数，过去进行时搭配 were having。 9.A 解析：走路是持续性动作，while 引导延续性场景。 10.B 解析：昨晚九点正在写信，描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，用 was writing。 11.B 解析：雨水敲打屋顶是持续进行的动作，用 while。 12.C 解析：老师走进教室（短动作）时，男孩们正在讨论新闻，用 were talking about。 13.B 解析：龙卷风经过是短暂突发动作，只能用 when。 14.C 解析：while 后只能接延续性过去进行时，其余选项时态、连词搭配存在错误。 15.D 解析：At this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志性时间状语，主语 some people 为复数，用 were starting。 一、选词填空 A（全国课后作业）  用 was、were、when 或 while 完成短文。(每个词可重复使用) When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain     1     beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once.     2     they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they     3     hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed.     4     they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe     5     some     6     starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 【答案】【小题 1】was【小题 2】While【小题 3】were【小题 4】When 【小题 5】while【小题 6】were 【导语】 本文讲述了珍妮一家在龙卷风来袭时躲进安全屋，并在龙卷风过后发现邻里间更加团结的故事。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：当珍妮抬头看时，浓黑的乌云正在天空中形成，雨水正在拍打着屋顶。空格前主语是 the rain（不可数名词），空格后是 beating，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。上下文为过去时，需用过去进行时，故填 was。 【小题 2】句意：在他们等待的时候，珍妮的小妹妹开始哭了。主句用一般过去时（started），从句用过去进行时（were waiting），表示在某个持续动作的过程中发生了另一个动作，此时用 While。 【小题 3】句意：爸爸给了她一些巧克力，并告诉她，他们正在躲避一只愤怒的狮子。空格后是 hiding，主语是 they，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作。需填过去进行时的助动词，主语为复数，故填 were。 【小题 4】句意：当他们走到外面时，发现阳光灿烂。从句（stepped）和主句（found）都是一般过去时，表示一个动作紧接着另一动作发生，此时用 When。 【小题 5】句意：人们互相询问是否安全，同时有些人正在开始清理街道。空格前后是两个同时发生的动作：人们在互相询问，同时有些人在开始清理街道。需填连词连接两个并列动作，表示 “当…… 的时候”，用 while。 【小题 6】句意：人们互相询问是否安全，同时有些人正在开始清理街道。空格前主语 some（指代 some people）是复数，空格后是 starting，表示过去正在进行的动作，需填过去进行时的助动词 were。 B（全国课后作业）    阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 able     suddenly     she     eat     top     mile     but     useful     plan     supply Cindy is a 17-year-old teenager from the US. She is a skiing lover. On 3rd March, she went skiing in Maine. While she was     1     to go home, a heavy snowstorm hit the area. Cindy wasn’t     2     to see far. Before she knew it, she had lost her way. The girl was alone. She didn’t have any food, water, a phone or other     3    . She was getting colder and colder. Cindy didn’t know where she was. She tried her best to calm herself down.     4    , she thought of the survival shows she watched on television. It was time to use the lessons she had learned. She should find a place to keep     5     warm. The first thing she did was to build a small snow cave. Then she got many branches. She put them on     6     of the cave to stay warm. In the evening, Cindy was really hungry. She     7     some snow and drank water from a river. She slept in the cave with her arms and legs close to her body. The next day, Cindy went out to look for help,     8     she couldn’t find anybody. So she went back to her cave. Two days later, Cindy went out again. She walked for about a     9     when somebody found her. Finally, Cindy was saved. Cindy felt lucky to be a fan of the show Man vs Wild. She learned     10     lessons from it, which helped save her life. 【答案】 【小题 1】planning【小题 2】able【小题 3】supplies【小题 4】Suddenly【小题 5】herself【小题 6】top【小题 7】ate【小题 8】but【小题 9】mile【小题 10】useful 【导语】 本文主要讲述了美国 17 岁滑雪爱好者辛迪在滑雪时遭遇暴风雪迷路，凭借从电视节目中学到的生存知识自救，最终获救的故事。 【小题详解】 【小题 1】句意：正当她计划回家时，一场猛烈的暴风雪袭击了该地区。根据 “While she was...to go home, a heavy snowstorm hit the area.” 及备选词可知，此处是过去发生的事，用过去进行时，其结构为 “was/were + 动词 -ing”；plan 表示 “计划”，planning 表示正在计划。故填 planning。 【小题 2】句意：辛迪无法看清远方。根据 “Cindy wasn’t...to see far.” 及备选词可知，此处是常用搭配 be able to do sth，表示 “能够做某事”。故填 able。 【小题 3】句意：她没有任何食物、水、手机或其他补给品。根据 “She didn’t have any food, water, a phone or other” 及备选词可知，此处指其他物资用品，supply “供给” 为可数名词，other 后接可数名词复数形式，故用 supplies。故填 supplies。 【小题 4】句意：突然，她想起了自己在电视上看过的生存节目。根据 “...she thought of the survival shows she watched on television.” 及备选词可知，此处是用副词修饰整个句子，suddenly 表示 “突然地”，符合语境，位于句首首字母大写。故填 Suddenly。 【小题 5】句意：她需要找个地方让自己保持温暖。根据 “She should find a place to keep...warm.” 及备选词可知，此处需要用反身代词作宾语，与主语 she 指代的是同一个人，she 的反身代词是 herself，表示 “她自己”。故填 herself。 【小题 6】句意：她把它们（树枝）铺在洞穴的顶部来保暖。根据 “Then she got many branches. She put them on...of the cave to stay warm.” 及备选词可知，此处是说把树枝铺在洞穴的顶部，top 表示 “顶部”，符合语境。故填 top。 【小题 7】句意：她吃了些雪，又从河里喝了点水。根据 “She...some snow and drank water from a river.” 及备选词可知，此处是说她吃了雪，eat 表示 “吃”，符合语境；and 前后的动词时态需保持一致，drank 是一般过去时，eat 应用过去式 ate。故填 ate。 【小题 8】句意：第二天，辛迪出去寻求帮助，但是她没有找到任何人。根据 “The next day, Cindy went out to look for help...she couldn’t find anybody.” 及备选词可知，前后句为转折关系，but 表示 “但是”，符合语境。故填 but。 【小题 9】句意：她走了大约一英里后，有人发现了她。根据 “She walked for about a...when somebody found her.” 及备选词可知，此处是说行走距离，mile 表示 “英里”，符合语境；前面有不定冠词 a 修饰，需用单数形式。故填 mile。 【小题 10】句意：她从中学到了有用的经验，这些经验帮助她挽救了自己的生命。根据 “Cindy felt lucky to be a fan of the show Man vs Wild. She learned...lessons from it, which helped save her life.” 及备选词可知，此处用形容词修饰名词 lessons，useful 表示 “有用的”，符合语境。故填 useful。 C（25-26八下江苏南京暑假作业）  阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Everything went black! All the     1     (light) in our flat went out, including the TV. Mum took out the candles and Dad went to see what     2     (be) going on. One advantage of living in     3     tall building is that you always have help nearby. So I went to     4     (we) next door neighbour, Mr Smith. With a candle in his hand, Mr Smith answered the door. Uh—oh! He didn’t have lights,     5    . I found that all the buildings in our neighbourhood were dark. Our neighbours went downstairs     6     began chatting outside. They were not     7     (worry) at all. Then we     8     (hear) a scary sound after a bright flash of lightning. It started to rain     9     (heavy) in no time. In order     10     (get) some information, Mr Smith turned on the radio. The weatherman said that the storm was the cause     11     all the problems. The     12     (one) flash of lightning     13     (hit) a tower at the power station. That was the reason why the lights     14     (sudden) went out before the rain came. Finally, the lights came back on. We cheered     15     (loud). The event made it possible for the neighbours to have a chance to be together. 【答案】【小题 1】lights【小题 2】was【小题 3】a【小题 4】our【小题 5】either【小题 6】and【小题 7】worried【小题 8】heard【小题 9】heavily 【小题 10】to get【小题 11】of【小题 12】first【小题 13】hit【小题 14】suddenly 【小题 15】loudly 【导语】 本文讲述了暴风雨的来临导致他们家中都停电了，人们手拿蜡烛，下楼，开始在外面聊天。他们一点也不担心，最后，灯光又亮了。他们大声欢呼，这件事使邻居们有机会聚在一起。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：我们公寓里所有的灯都熄灭了，包括电视。light “灯”，可数名词；all 后跟可数名词复数，故填 lights。 【小题 2】句意：妈妈拿出了蜡烛，爸爸去查看发生了什么。what 在句中引导宾语从句，主句 went 是过去式，be 用 was。 【小题 3】句意：住在高楼的一个优点就是你总能在附近得到帮助。此处泛指一座高楼，且 tall 首字母发辅音音素，应用不定冠词 a。 【小题 4】句意：于是我就去拜访了隔壁的邻居史密斯先生。we “我们”，空处应填形容词性物主代词 our 修饰 neighbour。 【小题 5】句意：他也没有电。根据上文 “All the…in our flat went out” 可知，史密斯先生家也没有电。否定句中的 “也” 用 either。 【小题 6】句意：我们的邻居们去楼下，开始到外面聊天。and “和”，连接动词 went downstairs 和 began chatting。 【小题 7】句意：他们一点也不担心。be worried “担心”。 【小题 8】句意：然后在明亮的闪电后我们听到了令人恐惧的声音。整篇文章是一般过去时态，此处用 hear 的过去式 heard。 【小题 9】句意：立刻开始下起了大雨。此处是副词修饰动词 rain，heavy 的副词是 heavily。 【小题 10】句意：为了获取一些信息，史密斯先生打开了收音机。in order to do sth “为了做某事”，故填 to get。 【小题 11】句意：气象员说这场风暴是所有问题的根源。the cause of sth “某事的原因”。应填 of。 【小题 12】句意：第一道闪电击中了电站的一座塔。one “一”，基数词，此处应填序数词 first “第一”。 【小题 13】句意：第一道闪电击中了电站的一座塔。整篇文章是一般过去时态，hit 在句中作谓语，过去式是 hit。 【小题 14】句意：那就是下雨前灯突然熄灭的原因。此处是副词修饰动词 went out，sudden 的副词是 suddenly。 【小题 15】句意：我们大声欢呼。此处是副词修饰动词 cheered，loud 的副词是 loudly。 D（25-26八下湖南长沙期末） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On May 23rd, a sudden terrible heavy rain hit Chongqing. The rain kept pouring for several hours, causing serious floods in many areas. When the storm broke out at 11 pm, most people     1     (stay) at home. They could hear strong wind outside and felt quite afraid. Soon, streets and roads were filled     2     floodwater. Many houses and shops were in deep water, and some people were in great danger. Kind volunteers arrived quickly and began     3     (rescue) work at once. They decided to carry old people and little kids out of the flooded houses safely first. Some villagers lost their homes and everything they had, so they felt very sad.     4    , the volunteers’ warmth and kindness brought them hope and courage. So far, the local government     5     (set) up many temporary (临时的) houses for homeless people. The government has also prepared enough food and water for     6     (they). Their living conditions will become much     7     (good) in a short time. Volunteers and local workers keep working hard together. Although the rain still causes trouble, they never stop day-and-night rescue and help.     8     teenage volunteer also joined the work last weekend. He tried his best to help people in need. Nowadays more and more students join volunteer groups     9     (active) to help others. Their kindness can make a big     10     (different) to people’s lives. 【答案】【小题 1】were staying【小题 2】with【小题 3】rescue【小题 4】However 【小题 5】has set【小题 6】them【小题 7】better【小题 8】A【小题 9】actively 【小题 10】difference 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了重庆遭遇暴雨引发洪水后，志愿者和当地政府积极开展救援和安置灾民的工作。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：当晚上 11 点暴风雨爆发时，大多数人正待在家里。when 引导的时间状语从句表示过去某个时间点，主句表示在过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为 “was/were + 动词的现在分词”；主语 most people 为复数，be 动词用 were。应填 were staying。 【小题 2】句意：很快，街道和道路上充满了洪水。此处考查固定搭配 be filled with…，意为 “充满……”。应填 with。 【小题 3】句意：热心的志愿者们迅速到达，并立刻开始了救援工作。此处修饰名词 work，应用名词 rescue 作定语，构成固定搭配 rescue work，意为 “救援工作”。 【小题 4】句意：然而，志愿者的温暖和善良给他们带来了希望和勇气。前句提到村民失去家园感到悲伤，后句提到志愿者给他们带来希望，前后两句为逻辑上的转折关系，且设空处后有逗号隔开，应用副词 however，意为 “然而”，位于句首需大写首字母。 【小题 5】句意：到目前为止，当地政府已经为无家可归的人搭建了许多临时房屋。根据句首的时间状语 “So far” 可知，句子应用现在完成时，其结构为 “have/has + 动词的过去分词”；主语 “the local government” 视为一个整体，助动词用 has，set 的过去分词仍为 set。应填 has set。 【小题 6】句意：政府也为他们准备了足够的食物和水。空处位于介词 for 之后，应用人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，they 的宾格为 them。 【小题 7】句意：他们的生活条件将在短时间内变得更好。空处前有程度副词 much 修饰，应使用形容词的比较级形式，good 的比较级为 better。 【小题 8】句意：上周末，一名十几岁的志愿者也加入了这项工作。此处泛指 “一名” 十几岁的志愿者，且 teenage 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词 a，位于句首需大写首字母。 【小题 9】句意：如今，越来越多的学生积极加入志愿者团体去帮助他人。空处修饰动词 join，应用副词形式作状语，active 的副词为 actively。 【小题 10】句意：他们的善良能对人们的生活产生很大的影响。此处考查固定搭配 make a difference to…，意为 “对…… 产生影响 / 起作用”，设空处前有不定冠词 a 和形容词 big 修饰，应用名词单数形式，different 的名词为 difference。 E(（25-26八下上海宝山期末）)  Choose the proper words in the boxes to complete the following passages. Each word can be used only once (选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每个选项只能用一次) A. prepare       B. afraid       C. careful       D. spread       E. increase Extreme heat has become one of the most common natural disasters in recent years. Although it does not hit as suddenly as earthquakes or typhoons, it can result in terrible harm. Last summer, the highest temperatures went above 40℃ and     1     across Asia, North America and Europe, bringing many problems. In Japan, the wet rainy season ended much earlier than usual. The long-lasting high temperature made the need for air conditioners     2    , putting great pressure on the electricity system. The government advised people to     3     enough water, food and batteries in case of power cuts. It also reminded everyone to be     4     of heatstroke (中暑) when going out. People were also encouraged to turn off electronic machines that were not necessary to save energy. A. effects       B. cause       C. deaths       D. situation       E. prevent In the United States, Texas (德克萨斯) recorded a high temperature of 43℃, and the heat made the land much drier and destroyed a large number of plants on the farms. The     5     in Europe was even more serious: temperatures in Portugal (葡萄牙 ) reached 47℃, leading to more than 1,000     6    . Lots of forest fires broke out, and rescue teams worked around the clock to help people stuck in the fire areas. Scientists say the rapid rise of world temperatures is closely connected to human activities, and the harmful     7     of such terrible weather will become more often in the future. Therefore, we should take action to reduce the carbon emissions (碳排放) to     8     such disasters. 【答案】【小题 1】D【小题 2】E【小题 3】A【小题 4】C【小题 5】D 【小题 6】C【小题 7】A【小题 8】E 【导语】 本文讲述极端高温近年频发，举例介绍高温在亚洲、欧美多地造成的各类危害，分析升温与人类活动相关，并呼吁减少碳排放以预防此类灾害。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：去年夏天，最高气温超过 40℃，并蔓延至亚洲、北美和欧洲。此处需要一个动词（过去式）作谓语。主语是 “the highest temperatures”（最高气温），后接 “across Asia, North America and Europe” 表示地域范围。根据常识，高温从一地 “扩散 / 蔓延” 到多地，且该句为一般过去时，应用动词过去式。“spread” 的过去式与原形同形，符合时态和语义。 【小题 2】句意：持续的高温使对空调的需求增加。此处需要一个动词原形（作宾语补足语），构成 “make + 宾语 + do” 结构，表示 “使…… 做某事”。结合前文 “高温持续” 和 “给电力系统带来压力” 可知，空调需求应是 “增加”。“increase” 表示 “增加”，在 “made the need... increase” 中作宾补。 【小题 3】句意：政府建议人们准备足够的水、食物和电池。此处需要一个动词原形，构成 “advise sb. to do sth.” 结构（to 后接动词原形）。根据宾语 “enough water, food and batteries”，应为 “准备” 这些应急物资。“prepare” 表示 “准备”，符合固定搭配与语境。 【小题 4】句意：提醒每个人外出时要小心中暑。此处需要一个形容词作表语，构成 “be + adj. + of” 结构。固定搭配 “be careful of” 表示 “当心、注意”。结合后文 “heatstroke（中暑）” 可知，是提醒人们 “小心” 中暑。 【小题 5】句意：欧洲的情况甚至更严重。此处需要一个名词作主语。前文提到美国德克萨斯州的高温情况，此处转而描述欧洲，且后文列举了具体温度与后果，表示欧洲的 “情况 / 局势” 更糟。“situation” 意为 “状况、局势”，符合语境。 【小题 6】句意：导致超过 1000 例死亡。此处需要一个名词作宾语，跟在 “leading to”（导致）之后。前文提到 47℃高温，后文提到森林火灾和救援，此处应指高温导致的 “死亡” 人数。“deaths” 表示 “死亡”，且数量超过 1000 应用复数形式。 【小题 7】句意：这种恶劣天气的有害影响将来会更频繁。此处需要一个名词作主语（从句中的主语）。句子主干为 “the harmful ... will become more often”，表示这种天气带来的 “影响”。“effects” 意为 “影响、后果”，与 “harmful” 搭配表示 “有害影响”，符合逻辑。 【小题 8】句意：采取行动减少碳排放以预防此类灾害。此处需要一个动词原形，构成不定式 “to do” 作目的状语。根据前文 “减少碳排放” 和 “此类灾害”，可知目的是 “预防” 灾害。“prevent” 表示 “预防、阻止”，符合目的状语逻辑。 完形填空。 A（25-26八下全国课后作业）  Last year, a strong typhoon hit our city. I remember that day clearly because I was     1     at home with my family. It was raining heavily, and the wind was blowing strongly. My father     2     us to stay inside and close all the windows. At first, I wasn’t scared. But soon, the wind became so strong that the trees outside were     3     down. A big branch hit our window and broke it. We were all very     4    . My mother took us to the basement. She told us to stay     5     there. While we were waiting, I could hear the wind     6     like a wild animal. It was the longest night of my life. When the typhoon finally     7     down, we went outside. The neighbourhood looked terrible. There were fallen trees and broken windows everywhere. Luckily, our house was still     8    . Many neighbours came out to help each other clean up. I learned an important lesson that day: we should always     9     for disasters. Now my family always stores extra food and water. Being prepared can make a big     10     when disaster strikes. 1. A．working B．studying C．staying D．playing 2. A．warned B．allowed C．invited D．forced 3. A．broken B．blown C．fallen D．cut 4. A．excited B．bored C．scared D．relaxed 5. A．quiet B．noisy C．active D．alone 6. A．singing B．shouting C．whispering D．laughing 7. A．climbed B．came C．slowed D．turned 8. A．standing B．falling C．burning D．shaking 9. A．wait B．prepare C．ask D．hope 10. A．decision B．choice C．mistake D．difference 【答案】【小题 1】C【小题 2】A【小题 3】B【小题 4】C【小题 5】A【小题 6】B 【小题 7】C【小题 8】A【小题 9】B【小题 10】D 【导语】 本文讲述了作者去年经历台风的回忆：台风来袭时一家人待在家里，父亲提醒他们注意安全，但狂风还是吹倒了树木、打破了窗户，大家惊恐地躲进地下室。台风过后，社区一片狼藉，但幸运的是房子完好无损，邻居们互相帮助清理。作者从中领悟到要为灾难做好准备，现在家里总是储备额外的食物和水。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：我清楚地记得那一天，因为当时我正和家人待在家里。 working “工作”，studying “学习” 和 playing “玩耍” 都不如 staying 贴切，staying 强调 “逗留、待在”。 【小题 2】句意：父亲提醒我们要待在室内，关上所有窗户。 由背景信息 “a strong typhoon hit our city” 可知，这里是提醒待在室内，warned “提醒” 符合语境，forced “强迫” 语义过重。 【小题 3】句意：但很快，风变得如此猛烈，以至于外面的树都被吹倒了。 “were blown down” 是固定搭配，表示 “被吹倒”。broken “打破”、fallen “落下” 和 cut “砍” 均不与 down 搭配表示风吹倒树木的含义。 【小题 4】句意：我们都很害怕。 由前文 “A big branch hit our window and broke it” 的险情可知，scared “害怕的” 符合当下的情感逻辑。 【小题 5】句意：她告诉我们在那里保持安静。 noisy “吵闹的”、active “活跃的”、alone “独自的” 都不符合避险时的要求，quiet “安静的” 符合避险语境。 【小题 6】句意：在等待的时候，我能听到风像野兽一样呼啸。 shouting“呼啸，吼叫” 用拟人手法，能形象地表现风势的猛烈。 【小题 7】句意：当台风终于减弱时，我们走了出去。 由 “we went outside” 可知风势有所减弱，固定搭配 slow down 符合风势放缓的语义；climbed down “爬下来”、came down “下降”、turned down “调低” 均不契合风势减弱的场景。 【小题 8】句意：幸运的是，我们的房子仍然屹立着。 由 “Luckily” 能判断房子完好无损，standing 可以形象体现房屋没有被吹倒、保持矗立的状态。 【小题 9】句意：那天我学到了一个重要的教训：我们应该时刻为灾难做好准备。 由下一句 “Now my family always stores extra food and water.” 能看出要为灾难提前筹备，prepare for disasters 符合搭配和文章主题。 【小题 10】句意：当灾难来临时，做好准备可以产生重大影响。 固定搭配 make a difference 意为 “有影响、起作用”，这句话强调提前准备的重要性，呼应全文主题。 B（25-26八下全国课后作业）   I looked at my watch. It was ten to six. There were just ten minutes left     1     we could leave for home. Suddenly the earth began to shake. In no time the shake became very     2    . “Earthquake!” someone shouted. I     3     the others to the door but we couldn’t get out. I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my     4    . “Will someone     5     me if the building falls down? Is this the end for me?” I kept thinking about that. Several minutes later the shake     6    . Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it! We ran     7     to the street. It was such a(n)     8     that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood. More and more people came out and many were     9    . Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky     10    . We walked a long way home not     11     much. Some were praying and some were crying. Communication in such a situation was     12    . Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake. So it was     13     to find out if our friends were okay. I had no way of letting my family in China     14     that I was still alive. I just hoped that they wouldn’t     15     the earthquake until tomorrow. 1. A．while B．until C．since D．before 2. A．close B．strange C．strong D．dangerous 3. A．helped B．followed C．allowed D．waited 4. A．feet B．legs C．eyes D．arms 5. A．save B．push C．call D．notice 6. A．changed B．fell C．broke D．stopped 7. A．carefully B．quickly C．easily D．loudly 8. A．mess B．accident C．problem D．mistake 9. A．unlucky B．angry C．sad D．hurt 10. A．in shock B．in person C．in place D．in danger 11. A．eating B．saying C．playing D．working 12. A．proper B．crazy C．difficult D．personal 13. A．normal B．impossible C．necessary D．important 14. A．feel B．remember C．imagine D．know 15. A．worry about B．think about C．hear about D．argue about 【答案】【小题 1】D【小题 2】C【小题 3】B【小题 4】D【小题 5】A 【小题 6】D【小题 7】B【小题 8】A【小题 9】D【小题 10】A【小题 11】B【小题 12】C【小题 13】B【小题 14】D【小题 15】C 【导语】 本文主要介绍了作者在下班前遭遇地震时的惊恐经历、逃生过程以及灾后通讯中断、与家人失联的无助感。 【详解】 【小题 1】句意：我们本可以再有十分钟就动身回家了。 while 当…… 时候；until 直到；since 自从；before 在…… 之前。根据 “There were just ten minutes left ... we could leave for home.” 可知，此处要表达的是在 “我们” 能回家之前只剩下 10 分钟了。故选 D。 【小题 2】句意：没过多久，震动就变得非常剧烈。 close 关闭的；strange 奇怪的；strong 强壮的；dangerous 危险的。根据 “In no time the shake became very ...” 和常识可知，地震应是由弱变强。此处指很快这种晃动变得非常强烈。故选 C。 【小题 3】句意：跟随其他人来到门口，但我们出不去。 helped 帮助；followed 跟随；allowed 允许；waited 等候。根据 “I ... the others to the door but we couldn’t get out.” 可知，此处要表达的是 “我” 跟在其他人后面来到房门处，但是 “我们” 已经无法出去了。故选 B。 【小题 4】句意：我躲到桌子底下，用我的胳膊护住头和脖子。 feet 脚；legs 腿；eyes 眼睛；arms 胳膊。根据 “I stayed under a desk, covering my head and neck with my ...” 和常识可知，能用来遮住头部和颈部的应该是手臂。故选 D。 【小题 5】句意：如果大楼倒塌了，会有人来救我吗？ save 拯救；push 推；call 打电话；notice 注意到。根据 “Will someone ... me if the building falls down?” 可知，如果房子倒塌，那就是死路一条，自己已经逃不出去，只能期待有人能救自己了。故选 A。 【小题 6】句意：几分钟后，震动停止了。我的两个同事再次尝试打开门，这次成功了！ changed 改变；fell 摔倒；broke 打破；stopped 停止。根据 “Several minutes later the shake ... Two of my workmates tried to open the door again, and they made it!” 可判断这时地震应该是停止了。故选 D。 【小题 7】句意：我们快速地跑到了街上。 carefully 小心地；quickly 快速地；easily 简单地；loudly 大声地。根据 “We ran ...to the street.” 可知，此处指快速地跑到街上。故选 B。 【小题 8】句意：眼前的情景太令人难以置信了 —— 街道上满是瓦砾和破碎的木头。 mess 脏乱；accident 事故；problem 问题；mistake 错误。根据后文 “It was such a (n) ... that we couldn’t believe our eyes—the street was full of debris and broken wood.” 可知，大街上是一片狼藉。故选 A。 【小题 9】句意：越来越多的人走了出来，很多人受伤了。 unlucky 不幸的；angry 生气地；sad 伤心的；hurt 受伤的。根据 “More and more people came out and many were ...” 和常识再结合语境可知地震发生使得有人受伤了。故选 D。 【小题 10】句意：他们中的许多人只是什么也不做，只是仰望着天空。 in shock 震惊地；in person 亲自；in place 正确地；in danger 处于危险中。根据 “Lots of them did nothing but look up into the sky ...” 可知，突然发生了强烈的地震，很多人被困在室内。当他们好不容易逃出来了，却看到了一片狼藉，他们一定是惊恐万分的。故选 A。 【小题 11】句意：我们走了很长一段路才到家，一路上没怎么说话。 eating 吃；saying 说话；playing 玩耍；working 工作。根据 “We walked a long way home not ... much.” 可知，此处是描述人们地震后悲伤的状态。故选 B。 【小题 12】句意：在这种情况下，沟通变得很困难。 proper 恰当的；crazy 疯狂的；difficult 困难的；personal 个人的。根据 “Communication in such a situation was ...” 和常识可知，在发生地震时，通信是困难的。故选 C。 【小题 13】句意：所以不可能知道朋友们是否安好。 normal 正常的；impossible 不可能的；necessary 必需的；important 重要的。根据 “Our phones didn’t work because of the earthquake.” 可知，查明 “我们” 的朋友是否平安无事是不可能的。故选 B。 【小题 14】句意：我没有办法让在中国的家人知道我还活着。 feel 感觉；remember 记住；imagine 想象；know 知道。根据 “I had no way of letting my family in China ... that I was still alive.” 可知，由于手机没有信号，“我” 没有办法让在中国的家人知道 “我” 还活着。故选 D。 【小题 15】句意：我只是希望他们能等到明天再发现地震的事。 worry about 担心；think about 思考；hear about 听说；argue about 争论。根据 “I just hoped that they wouldn’t ... the earthquake until tomorrow.” 可知，此处要表达的是 “我” 只希望家人在明天之前不要获悉地震的消息。故选 C。 阅读理解。 A（25-26八下广东云浮期末） What should you do when a flood happens? Stay safe with these tips. If a flood happens where you live, you need to get ready. ● Prepare an emergency kit (应急包). Keep it in an easy-to-reach place. It should include things such as water, dry food, a flashlight, and a first aid kit. ● Prepare something waterproof (防水的) to wear. ● Put important things in waterproof bags and keep them somewhere safe. Follow these tips to stay out of danger during a flood. ● Look out for flood warnings. ● Go to higher ground and stay there. ● Do not try to walk or drive through flooded areas, because they can be deeper than you think. ● Leave your car. It won’t help you at all if it is stuck in the water. Even after the flood ends, it might not be safe to return home. ● Keep following the latest local news. ● Do not use phones, fridges, or other electronics until they are fully dry. ● Do not use or touch anything that floodwater touched, including food. ● Remember that germs (细菌) might be in your home after a flood. 1. When do we need to prepare an emergency kit? A．After a flood breaks out. B．Before a flood happens. C．After going back home. D．When cars fall into floodwater. 2. Why should you prepare waterproof bags? A．To hold dry food only. B．To keep important things safe. C．To put on waterproof clothes. D．To store the flashlight alone. 3. How many safety tips does the writer give for staying away from danger during a flood? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4. Which is the correct order of the activities according to the passage? ① Stay on higher ground during a flood. ② Put important things in waterproof bags. ③ Leave the car when it is stuck in floodwater . ④ Never use wet electronics after a flood. A．②-①-③-④ B．②-③-①-④ C．①-②-③-④ D．②-①-④-③ 5. What is the main purpose of the whole passage? A．To introduce when to prepare for floods. B．To explain why floods happen. C．To show how terrible floods are. D．To tell how to stay safe during floods. 【答案】【小题 1】B【小题 2】B【小题 3】C【小题 4】A【小题 5】D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在洪水发生前、发生时以及发生后，人们应该采取哪些措施和遵循哪些提示来保障自身的安全。 【详解】 【小题 1】根据文章第一部分 “If a flood happens where you live, you need to get ready. Prepare an emergency kit...” 可知，如果居住的地方可能发生洪水，你需要做好准备。准备应急包属于防范灾害的准备工作，理应在洪水发生前 (Before a flood happens) 进行。 【小题 2】根据文章第一部分中的 “Put important things in waterproof bags and keep them somewhere safe.”（把重要物品放在防水袋里，并把它们存放在安全的地方）可知，准备防水袋是为了保护重要物品的安全。 【小题 3】根据文章第二部分 “Follow these tips to stay out of danger during a flood.”（在洪水期间遵循这些提示以远离危险）可知，作者在这一部分下方共列出了 4 个要点（注意洪水警告、去高地、不要涉水或开车穿过淹水区、弃车），即给出了 4 条安全提示。 【小题 4】根据文章的行文结构可知：②把重要物品放进防水袋，属于洪水前的准备工作（第一部分）；①洪水期间待在高地，和③当车陷在洪水中时离开车，属于洪水期间的应对措施（第二部分），且文章先提到去高地（①），后提到弃车（③）；④洪水后绝不使用潮湿的电子产品，属于洪水结束后的注意事项（第三部分）。因此正确的顺序为②-①-③-④。 【小题 5】根据文章开头 “What should you do when a flood happens? Stay safe with these tips.”（洪水发生时你该怎么办？用这些提示保持安全）以及全文分别从洪水前、洪水时、洪水后三个阶段提供安全建议可知，整篇文章的主要目的是告诉人们在面对洪水时如何保持安全。 B（25-26八下辽宁抚顺期末）  ①It was a dark day in Canada in 1998 when rain began to fall from the sky. However, this was not ordinary (普通) rain—it turned to ice as it fell through the cold air. It rained for six days, and as much as ten centimeters of ice collected on roads, trees and power lines. ②On 5th January, the people of Montreal (蒙特利尔) woke up to find they had no electricity in their homes. It was dark and cold. The roads were covered in ice, so it was very dangerous to walk or drive anywhere. Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm. They expected the power to come back on at any time. ③However, the ice kept falling. It caused branches and whole trees to fall down. More power lines fell down, and the roads became even more dangerous. ④By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army sent over 14,000 soldiers to help. ⑤Finally, after six days, the ice storm stopped, but the trouble was not over. The huge amount of ice made the whole area very dangerous. As the ice started to melt, it fell from the roofs (屋顶) of buildings and trees like knives. Most of the power lines were so badly damaged (毁坏) that they could not be repaired. ⑥Some families had no electricity for a whole month. Many homes were damaged and many people, especially farmers, lost their businesses. The people of Canada will never forget how terrible nature can be. Everyone hopes that there will never be another ice storm like the one in 1998. 1. How does the writer describe the influence of the ice storm in Paragraphs 2&3? A．By showing reasons and results. B．By showing experiments and feelings. C．By comparing the past with the present. D．By comparing advantages with disadvantages. 2. What helped people get through the hard time during the ice storm? A．Plenty of stored food at home. B．Thousands of soldiers from the army. C．Fast repair work of power lines. D．Warm firewood from broken trees. 3. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to (指代)? A．The falling ice. B．The power lines. C．The broken trees. D．The roofs of buildings. 4. Which can be the best title for the text? A．A Terrible Ice Storm in Canada B．How to Stop Ice Storms C．Ways to Survive Cold Weather D．The Warm Help from Soldiers 【答案】【小题 1】A【小题 2】B【小题 3】B【小题 4】A 【导语】本文讲述 1998 年加拿大蒙特利尔遭遇特大冰风暴，持续六天的冻雨造成断电、道路结冰、树木电线损毁，民众缺食物取暖，军队派人救援；灾后冰层融化仍有危险，不少人家断电长达一月、蒙受巨大损失，这场可怕冰灾令当地人难以忘怀。 【详解】【小题 1】第二段和第三段主要描述了冰灾导致停电、道路危险、树木倒塌等后果。作者通过陈述冰灾持续这一原因及其引发的各种生活困难和危险来描述其影响，符合 “展示原因和结果” 的逻辑。 【小题 2】根据第四段 “By the third day, many families had no food to eat. It was a difficult time. The army sent over 14,000 soldiers to help.” 可知，在食物短缺的艰难 时刻，军队派遣士兵提供了援助。 【小题 3】根据第五段划线词所在句 “Most of the power lines were so badly damaged that they could not be repaired.” 可知，句意为 “大部分电力线路损坏严重，以至于它们无法被修复”。代词 they 指代前文提到的复数名词 “Most of the power lines”。 【小题 4】全文通篇讲述了 1998 年加拿大发生的严重冰灾及其带来的破坏、影 响和人们的记忆，因此 “加拿大一场可怕的冰灾” 最适合做本文的标题。 根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息。每空不超过三个词。（25-26八下四川成都期末） One cloudy summer morning, I was travelling with my parents by car and nobody warned us about a landslide, and we didn’t make any preparations before it hit. All of a sudden, a strong noise came from the mountain above. Dad stopped the car quickly. Some big rocks rolled down the hillside, with small trees shaking wildly in falling dirt. Dad tried to drive the car backward but falling rocks blocked the road. He stood ready to try again, yet more mud (泥) kept sliding down and stopped our way completely. Out of breath, we hurried to a safe roadside cave (洞穴). Looking out, part of the mountain road was nearly covered under thick mud, with falling stones and broken trees. We stayed inside the cave and didn’t return to the car in order not to get injured. But when the sliding speed slowed down, small rocks started to beat against the cave entrance with scary noises. Then muddy water poured down along the road and the mountain turned as dark as if the end of the world had come. By the time it finally stopped, the outside scene was the worst I’d ever seen. The mountain road looked terribly messy: many guardrails were broken, many trees fell down, and several cars were destroyed by fallen rocks and mud. When nature showed its temper, we could really feel its power. We are all children of nature and we must always show our respect for her. 1.     1     2.     2     3.     3     4.     4     5.     5     【答案】【小题 1】preparations【小题 2】tried/tried his best【小题 3】avoid 【小题 4】mess【小题 5】respect nature/show our respect 【导语】 本文主要讲述了作者一家在一次汽车旅行中突遇山体滑坡的惊险经历，以及作者从中感悟到人类必须敬畏自然的道理。 【详解】 【小题 1】原文第一段提到 “nobody warned us about a landslide, and we didn’t make any preparations before it hit”，作者一行没有做任何准备，故填 preparations。 【小题 2】原文第二段 “Dad tried to drive the car backward but falling rocks blocked the road”，爸爸努力想要移动车辆却没能成功，可用 tried 或者 tried his best，故填 tried/tried his best。 【小题 3】原文第三段 “We stayed inside the cave and didn’t return to the car in order not to get injured”，一家人躲进山洞是为了避免受伤；空格后是 getting，avoid 后接动名词，故填 avoid。 【小题 4】原文第四段 “The mountain road looked terribly messy”；表格中设置为感叹句型 “What a+(形容词)+ 名词！”，mess 为名词，故填 mess。 【小题 5】文章最后一段 “We are all children of nature and we must always show our respect for her.” 得到结论：我们必须始终敬畏自然。故填 respect nature/show our respect。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $