精品解析：安徽合肥百花中学等四校2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级期末考试 英语

合肥百花中学等四校2025~2026学年第二学期高二年级期末考试 英语 本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Redo his homework. B. Print another copy of his homework. C. Ask his parents to bring his homework. 2. What type of vacation are the speakers planning for? A. A beach holiday. B. A sporting holiday. C. A city shopping holiday. 3. How does the woman feel now? A. Relieved. B. Angry. C. Disappointed. 4. What is an advantage of the woman’s new place? A. It has a big bed. B. It is located in a cheap area. C. It offers her personal space. 5. What is the man anxious about? A. Missing the bus. B. Flying by himself. C. Losing his personal items. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the man want to order takeout? A. He can t cook. B. He likes the food. C. He wants to save time. 7. What is the main reason the woman prefers cooking? A. She finds it relaxing. B. She thinks it’s healthier. C. She wants to save money. 听第 7段录音，回答第 8至 10题。 8. What new study method is the woman trying out? A. Studying alongside someone else. B. Using rewards to encourage learning. C. Dividing study sessions up with short breaks. 9. What is the man probably doing right now? A. Washing his clothes. B. Pressing his clothes. C. Planning his weekly schedule. 10. When will the speakers probably start again? A. At 2:20 p. m. B. At 2,30 p. m. C. At 2:45 p. m. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the man doubt Auntie Jess s new account? A. The picture doesn’t look lite her. B It has sent out some strange messages. C. She’s not good at tech-related stuff. 12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Cousins. 13. What will the woman do next? A. Call Auntie Jess. B. Help delete the copied account. C. Tell her family not to accept the request. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a park. C. In a café. 15. How did Rachel upset Alice? A. By teking a job from Alice. B. By getting quite mad at Alice. C. By lying about her own mistake. 16. What is forgiveness according to Alice? A. It’s about freeing oneself. B. It means forgetting what happened. C. It requires the other person to apologize. 17. What does the man think of Alice’s decision? A. It’s admirable. B. It’s worthless. C. It’s annoying. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. How to get a favorite job. B. How to work with Al and robots. C. How to keep up with the changing job market. 19. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. High school students. B. College students. C. Young job seekers. 20. Which skills are at the top of employers’ lists. according to the speaker? A. Communication and language skills. B. Relationship building and teamwork. C. Problem-solving and original thinking. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The history of science is built on the breakthroughs of brilliant minds. While many have contributed, the work of these four individuals fundamentally changed their fields and continues to impact our lives today. Otto Hahn Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the field of nuclear chemistry. His most famous achievement came in 1939 with the discovery of nuclear fission — a process that releases immense energy by splitting atomic nuclei (原子核). This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science. Earlier, in 1921, he also discovered nuclear isomerism, solidifying his role as a key figure in radiochemistry and modern physics. Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur’s work has saved many lives. He discovered that tiny living things called germs (病菌) can cause sickness and make food go bad. From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization. He is even better known for making vaccines (疫苗) against serious diseases like rabies and anthrax. His important findings helped start modern germ science and ways to prevent disease, changing how people fight infections. Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla, a visionary inventor, was instrumental in capturing the power of electricity. He championed alternating current (AC), which proved far superior to direct current for carrying electricity over long distances. This AC system became the foundation of our modern electrical network. Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism (电磁), dreaming up technologies that would only be realized long after his time. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell transformed our understanding of electricity, magnetism, and light. Through a set of elegant equations — now known as Maxwell’s equations — he integrated the theories of electricity and magnetism into a single framework: electromagnetism. His work predicted the existence of radio waves and laid the essential groundwork for both relativity and quantum physics. 1. What Nobel Prize did Otto Hahn win in 1944? A. Medicine. B. Physics. C. Chemistry. D. Literature. 2. What is pasteurization used for? A. Making flu vaccines. B. Increasing milk production. C. Killing germs on chicken. D. Keeping milk safe to drink. 3. What do Tesla and Maxwell have in common? A. They studied electromagnetism. B. They predicted radio waves. C. They explored atomic nuclei. D. They invented alternating current. B I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not clean away. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies (便士). By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain. Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 4. What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner? A. His willingness to help mom. B. His curiosity about machines. C. His trouble in doing family chores. D. His discontent with existing cleaners. 5. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The help from the author’s wife. B. The financial problems of the family. C. The tough process of the new invention. D. The procedures of making a bagless cleaner. 6. Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology? A. They thought they might suffer loss. B. They considered it not good enough. C. They faced legal problems themselves. D. They had begun making such machines. 7. What lesson may the author learn from the experience? A. Think twice before acting. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. A good beginning makes a good ending. C The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy. Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger. Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling. Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier. 8. What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Playing an important role. B. Keeping people in high spirits. C. Quickly influencing other people. D. Preventing illness from spreading. 9. What can laughter increase according to the author? A. Cognitive ability. B. Good relationships. C. A sense of humor. D. Happiness and trust. 10. What does the author think the old should do? A. They should have a good rest. B. They should play like children. C. They should prevent cognitive falling. D. They should take part in physical play. 11. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B. Always Keep Our Body Healthy C. Have an Active and Happy Life D. Let Our Body and Mind Relax D Listening to music while driving is a common habit for many people. It helps us stay awake, improves our mood, and makes long trips more enjoyable. Over 80% of drivers play music on most journeys, especially younger drivers who find it hard to concentrate without it. Researchers have studied the effects of music on driving for many years in virtual driving environments. They measure things like speed, reaction time, and crash incidents under different music conditions. The results show that music can both help and harm driving performance. Overall, listening to music tends to lead to more simulated (模拟的) crashes, poorer speed control, and less stable following distances compared to driving in silence. However, music can temporarily help tired drivers stay alert on long, dull drives, though this effect fades after 15-25 minutes. Loud or fast-paced music is often thought to be risky, but research shows the picture is more complex. High volume tends to slightly increase speed, while low volume makes people drive more slowly. Fast music does not always make driving worse, but very energetic or aggressive songs can lead to riskier behaviour, especially for young or inexperienced drivers. Music that drivers choose themselves tends to be less distracting (分心的) than music they do not like, as it helps them stay calm and focused. Inexperienced drivers are more easily affected by music. Studies show that when they listen to upbeat or fast music, they are more likely to speed, miss road signs, and react slowly to dangers. In contrast, calm or slow music can help them stay more aware and respond better to dangers on the road. For safer driving, it is best to listen to recognizable songs, at a moderate volume, and avoid very loud or aggressive tracks. New drivers, in particular, may want to lower the volume or even turn off the music in difficult driving conditions. 12. How do most researchers study the effects of music on driving? A. By conducting experiments in driving simulators. B. By analyzing real car crash data involving music. C. By surveying drivers’ personal preferences for music. D. By measuring drivers’ physical health after long trips. 13. Which type of driver should be most cautious about listening to music while driving? A. Drivers who are feeling excited. B. Drivers with little driving experience. C. Drivers who prefer popular music. D. Drivers travelling long distances. 14. What is the safest practice for drivers regarding music? A. Listening to loud music on boring road trips. B. Enjoying fast music to keep the brain active. C. Choosing familiar songs at a medium volume. D. Letting the passengers choose the music to enjoy. 15. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To discourage drivers from listening to music. B. To explore the driving habits between different drivers. C. To criticize young drivers for their bad listening habits. D. To explain how music affects driving and offer advice. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项有多余选项。 Ways to keep a long-distance friendship A long-distance friendship is between two people who live quite far apart — far enough that they don’t see each other on a regular basis. So a lot of effort is required to maintain it. ____16____. Stay in touch A friendship won’t last without connection. ____17____. For example, starting a group chat is a great way to share your updates. Sharing photos with your friends also makes therm feel that you are still part of each other’s daily life. ____18____ Showing thoughtfulness doesn’t cost too much. It doesn’t need expensive goods, lots of money or hours of planning. Something plain, like a card or a small gift, can mean a lot more to them than you may think. ____19____. Remain reliable ____20____. Even though you can’t bring them ice cream or a copy of their favorite movie after they’ve had a bad day, letting them know they can talk to you at any time will comfort them. Remember even if you’re not living next to your friends any more, it doesn’t mean your friendship has to end. It just takes time and effort to maintain a long-distance friendship. A. Show thoughtfulness B. Remember important dates C. Let your friends know you are always reliable D. You can visit each other in new homes at weekends E. There are many ways for us to stay in touch with friends F. Here are some ways to keep a long-distance friendship strong G. Showing thoughtfulness in little ways could make their entire day 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30分） 第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项， Upon moving into their new flat in Bristol, four young men were immediately ___21___ by their neighbor’s adorable dog, Stevie. Having grown up with animals, they were ___22___ for furry companionship. However, their strict landlord ___23___ pets, so they gathered their courage to write a letter to their neighbor, expressing their desire to be friends with the dog and offering to walk or play with it anytime. A response arrived soon, written from Stevie’s ___24___. She introduced herself as an energetic dog ___25___ by Sarah, agreeing to be their friend on the ___26___ of five daily ball throws and belly scratches whenever she demanded. The boys were overjoyed. Their first meeting with Stevie was ___27___ they’d hoped for. She was energetic and friendly, and the walk was a blast. Subsequently, regular play dates became a routine. The boys looked forward to their time with Stevie, and Sarah cherished how the interactions broke the ___28___ neighborhood barriers. In an era where people often remain strangers to those next door, this small connection felt ___29___. As time went by, their bond grew stronger and acts of kindness became the ___30___ — they helped Sarah carry groceries, and she shared homemade cookies with them. What started as a request for doggy dates had ___31___ into a genuine friendship. When the boys had to move, they were heartbroken to say goodbye to Stevie. Sarah ___32___ them her door would always be open for them. Their story later ___33___ online, touching people around the world. It serves as a gentle ___34___ that kindness and curiosity can bridge even the most ordinary divides and a simple act of ___35___ can transform strangers into lifelong friends. 21. A. attacked B. annoyed C. confused D. captivated 22. A. grateful B. responsible C. desperate D. suitable 23. A. forbade B. required C. feared D. ignored 24. A. memory B. perspective C. imagination D. intention 25. A. adapted B. raised C. supported D. abandoned 26. A. qualification B. affection C. ambition D. condition 27. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 28. A. strange B. unexpected C. usual D. harmonious 29. A. normal B. worthless C. invaluable D. inevitable 30. A. standard B. norm C. goal D. priority 31. A. evolved B. divided C. jumped D. burst 32. A. convinced B. informed C. assured D. persuaded 33. A. paid off B. went viral C. hit the spot D. took a twist 34. A. reminder B. celebration C. indication D. suggestion 35. A. honesty B. patience C. kindness D. boldness 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, an outstanding man. He, born in Hangzhou, was admitted to the aeronautics department of the MIT (美国麻省理工学院航空系) in 1935. After ____36____ (graduate) with his PhD (博士学位), he was employed as ____37____ assistant researcher at University. Qian’s missile (导弹) designs laid the foundation for the missile development in the 1940s and 1950s, ____38____ (make) him a world-known rocketeer (火箭工程师). When he ____39____ (hear) of the exciting news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian decided to return to homeland without hesitation to contribute ____40____ his own nation. Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was ____41____ (active) involved in research work. Under his ____42____ (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first missile in 1960. In 1965, Qian planned ____43____ (develop) the first artificial satellite included in the country’s key projects, ____44____ was finally launched into space in 1970. In 1999, Qian Xuesen _____45_____ (award) the “Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal” (两弹一星功勋奖章) by the government of PRC, and was considered as the “Father of China’s Missiles” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的交换生好友Tony准备参加“用英语讲中国故事”演讲比赛，想请你推荐一个彰显中华传统美德的经典历史故事。请给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1.故事简介； 2.推荐理由； 3.表达祝愿。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tony, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When Leo transferred to a new high school in the middle of the term, he rarely spoke a single word. Coming from a quiet small town far away, he was extremely shy and quiet, always sitting silently at the back of the classroom. He never participated in any group activities, and even when the teacher asked him simple questions, he would lower his head shyly and reply in a low voice. But during the art class, Jake, the most lively and playful boy in their class, secretly glanced at Leo’s painting and couldn’t hide the surprise on his face. One day, Ms. White, their art teacher, announced a city-wide art competition, calling on students to create paintings that could reveal their innermost dreams and true emotions. While other students chatted happily and actively shared their creative ideas, Leo sat all alone in his seat, staring blankly at his blank canvas (画布), looking lost and discouraged. Ms. White walked over and knelt beside him, saying gently, “Everyone has a unique voice in art and yours is just waiting to be heard.” Leo looked up at her for the first time, his eyes full of doubt but also a faint spark of hope. She stayed with him patiently, asking about his beautiful hometown and his hidden hobbies, and little by little, Leo began to open up his heart. With her encouragement, Leo finished his painting and submitted it to the teacher after class, never expecting anyone to notice. A month later, as soon as classes ended, Jake rushed over to Leo with a bright grin. “Come on, let’s go to the notice board. The result of the art competition is due out today!” he said excitedly. Leo shook his head and whispered, “I’m not going. It has nothing to do with me anyway.” Moments later, loud, excited cheers came from the hallway. 注意： 1．续写词数为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Jake dashed back and announced the good news. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone soon found Leo’s gradual change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 合肥百花中学等四校2025~2026学年第二学期高二年级期末考试 英语 本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试题和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。 1. What does the man want to do? A. Redo his homework. B. Print another copy of his homework. C. Ask his parents to bring his homework. 2. What type of vacation are the speakers planning for? A. A beach holiday. B. A sporting holiday. C. A city shopping holiday. 3. How does the woman feel now? A. Relieved. B. Angry. C. Disappointed. 4. What is an advantage of the woman’s new place? A. It has a big bed. B. It is located in a cheap area. C. It offers her personal space. 5. What is the man anxious about? A. Missing the bus. B. Flying by himself. C. Losing his personal items. 第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。 听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。 6. Why does the man want to order takeout? A. He can t cook. B. He likes the food. C. He wants to save time. 7. What is the main reason the woman prefers cooking? A. She finds it relaxing. B. She thinks it’s healthier. C. She wants to save money. 听第 7段录音，回答第 8至 10题。 8. What new study method is the woman trying out? A. Studying alongside someone else. B. Using rewards to encourage learning. C. Dividing study sessions up with short breaks. 9. What is the man probably doing right now? A. Washing his clothes. B. Pressing his clothes. C. Planning his weekly schedule. 10. When will the speakers probably start again? A. At 2:20 p. m. B. At 2,30 p. m. C. At 2:45 p. m. 听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does the man doubt Auntie Jess s new account? A. The picture doesn’t look lite her. B It has sent out some strange messages. C. She’s not good at tech-related stuff. 12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Parent and child. B. Brother and sister. C. Cousins. 13. What will the woman do next? A. Call Auntie Jess. B. Help delete the copied account. C. Tell her family not to accept the request. 听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。 14. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a park. C. In a café. 15. How did Rachel upset Alice? A. By teking a job from Alice. B. By getting quite mad at Alice. C. By lying about her own mistake. 16. What is forgiveness according to Alice? A. It’s about freeing oneself. B. It means forgetting what happened. C. It requires the other person to apologize. 17. What does the man think of Alice’s decision? A. It’s admirable. B. It’s worthless. C. It’s annoying. 听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。 18. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. How to get a favorite job. B. How to work with Al and robots. C. How to keep up with the changing job market. 19. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. High school students. B. College students. C. Young job seekers. 20. Which skills are at the top of employers’ lists. according to the speaker? A. Communication and language skills. B. Relationship building and teamwork. C. Problem-solving and original thinking. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The history of science is built on the breakthroughs of brilliant minds. While many have contributed, the work of these four individuals fundamentally changed their fields and continues to impact our lives today. Otto Hahn Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the field of nuclear chemistry. His most famous achievement came in 1939 with the discovery of nuclear fission — a process that releases immense energy by splitting atomic nuclei (原子核). This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science. Earlier, in 1921, he also discovered nuclear isomerism, solidifying his role as a key figure in radiochemistry and modern physics. Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur’s work has saved many lives. He discovered that tiny living things called germs (病菌) can cause sickness and make food go bad. From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization. He is even better known for making vaccines (疫苗) against serious diseases like rabies and anthrax. His important findings helped start modern germ science and ways to prevent disease, changing how people fight infections. Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla, a visionary inventor, was instrumental in capturing the power of electricity. He championed alternating current (AC), which proved far superior to direct current for carrying electricity over long distances. This AC system became the foundation of our modern electrical network. Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism (电磁), dreaming up technologies that would only be realized long after his time. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell transformed our understanding of electricity, magnetism, and light. Through a set of elegant equations — now known as Maxwell’s equations — he integrated the theories of electricity and magnetism into a single framework: electromagnetism. His work predicted the existence of radio waves and laid the essential groundwork for both relativity and quantum physics. 1. What Nobel Prize did Otto Hahn win in 1944? A. Medicine. B. Physics. C. Chemistry. D. Literature. 2. What is pasteurization used for? A. Making flu vaccines. B. Increasing milk production. C. Killing germs on chicken. D. Keeping milk safe to drink. 3. What do Tesla and Maxwell have in common? A. They studied electromagnetism. B. They predicted radio waves. C. They explored atomic nuclei. D. They invented alternating current. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍四位科学巨匠的突破性成就及其对现代科学和社会发展的深远影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Otto Hahn部分中“This breakthrough not only earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 but also paved the way for both nuclear energy and atomic science.(这一突破不仅为他赢得了1944年的诺贝尔化学奖，也为核能和原子科学铺平了道路)”可知，Otto Hahn获得了诺贝尔化学奖。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Louis Pasteur部分中“From this, he created a way to heat milk so it is safe to drink — now called pasteurization.(由此，他创造了一种加热牛奶使其可以安全饮用的方法——现在称为巴氏杀菌法)”可知，巴氏杀菌法用于确保牛奶的安全饮用。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Nikola Tesla部分中“Tesla also held groundbreaking patents in radio transmission and electromagnetism(特斯拉还在无线电传输和电磁学领域拥有开创性专利)”及James Clerk Maxwell部分中“James Clerk Maxwell transformed our understanding of electricity, magnetism, and light.(詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦改变了我们对电、磁和光的理解)”可知，两者的共同点是都研究了电磁学。 B I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not clean away. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies (便士). By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain. Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 4. What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner? A. His willingness to help mom. B. His curiosity about machines. C. His trouble in doing family chores. D. His discontent with existing cleaners. 5. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A. The help from the author’s wife. B. The financial problems of the family. C. The tough process of the new invention. D. The procedures of making a bagless cleaner. 6. Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology? A. They thought they might suffer loss. B. They considered it not good enough. C. They faced legal problems themselves. D. They had begun making such machines. 7. What lesson may the author learn from the experience? A. Think twice before acting. B. Failure is the mother of success. C. Actions speak louder than words. D. A good beginning makes a good ending. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者因不满现有吸尘器而发明无袋吸尘器的艰难历程及感悟。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.(二十年后，也就是在 1978 年，由于一直对这种机器的运作方式感到不满，我决定制造一款无袋式机器)”可知，作者对现有吸尘器的不满促使他制造无袋吸尘器。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机).(我没有意识到接下来的五年我会用来完善我的设计，这个过程产生了5127个不同的样机)”以及后文描述作者在发明过程中遇到的种种困难，可知本段主要讲述新发明的艰难过程。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business.(主要的吸尘器制造商已经建立了一种基于吸尘袋和滤网利润的商业模式。没有人会批准我的想法，不是因为这是一个坏想法，而是因为这对生意不利)”可知，公司拒绝授权作者的技术是因为他们认为这可能会让他们遭受损失。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.(这些是艰难的时刻，但每一次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步)”以及最后一段中“Today, I still accept risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention.(今天，我仍然接受风险和失败的可能性作为过程的一部分。没有什么比发明带来的兴奋更棒的了)”可知，作者从这次经历中学到了失败是成功之母。 C The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy. Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger. Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling. Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier. 8. What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Playing an important role. B. Keeping people in high spirits. C. Quickly influencing other people. D. Preventing illness from spreading. 9. What can laughter increase according to the author? A. Cognitive ability. B. Good relationships. C. A sense of humor. D. Happiness and trust. 10. What does the author think the old should do? A. They should have a good rest. B. They should play like children. C. They should prevent cognitive falling. D. They should take part in physical play. 11. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Humor, Laughter and Play for Health B. Always Keep Our Body Healthy C. Have an Active and Happy Life D. Let Our Body and Mind Relax 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要论述了笑给人带来的好处和积极作用。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.(你有没有听过一个小孩的大笑，并且能让自己不笑？当人们之间分享笑声时，它使他们彼此更加亲密，并增加他们的幸福感。)”可知，别人大笑，你也会忍不住笑，人们之间分享笑声，这说明笑具有感染力，故画线词意为“迅速影响他人的”。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.(当人与人之间共享笑声时，会使他们彼此更亲近，增加他们的幸福感)”可知，根据作者的说法，笑能使人们彼此更亲近，即能增进人际关系。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.(然而，我们经常忘记的是，对于老人来说，让游戏成为他们生活的一部分就像对孩子一样重要。体育运动对老年人来说很重要，它当然有助于预防疾病)”可知，作者认为老年人应该参加体育活动。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.(你可以用幽默、笑声和玩耍来让你更健康，这个想法似乎太过简单，不真实。然而，这是真实和简单的。幽默感、笑声和玩乐在保持你的健康中起着重要的作用)”结合文章主要论述了笑给人带来的好处和积极作用。故A选项“幽默、欢笑和玩耍有益于健康”最符合文章标题。 D Listening to music while driving is a common habit for many people. It helps us stay awake, improves our mood, and makes long trips more enjoyable. Over 80% of drivers play music on most journeys, especially younger drivers who find it hard to concentrate without it. Researchers have studied the effects of music on driving for many years in virtual driving environments. They measure things like speed, reaction time, and crash incidents under different music conditions. The results show that music can both help and harm driving performance. Overall, listening to music tends to lead to more simulated (模拟的) crashes, poorer speed control, and less stable following distances compared to driving in silence. However, music can temporarily help tired drivers stay alert on long, dull drives, though this effect fades after 15-25 minutes. Loud or fast-paced music is often thought to be risky, but research shows the picture is more complex. High volume tends to slightly increase speed, while low volume makes people drive more slowly. Fast music does not always make driving worse, but very energetic or aggressive songs can lead to riskier behaviour, especially for young or inexperienced drivers. Music that drivers choose themselves tends to be less distracting (分心的) than music they do not like, as it helps them stay calm and focused. Inexperienced drivers are more easily affected by music. Studies show that when they listen to upbeat or fast music, they are more likely to speed, miss road signs, and react slowly to dangers. In contrast, calm or slow music can help them stay more aware and respond better to dangers on the road. For safer driving, it is best to listen to recognizable songs, at a moderate volume, and avoid very loud or aggressive tracks. New drivers, in particular, may want to lower the volume or even turn off the music in difficult driving conditions. 12. How do most researchers study the effects of music on driving? A. By conducting experiments in driving simulators. B. By analyzing real car crash data involving music. C. By surveying drivers’ personal preferences for music. D. By measuring drivers’ physical health after long trips. 13. Which type of driver should be most cautious about listening to music while driving? A. Drivers who are feeling excited. B. Drivers with little driving experience. C. Drivers who prefer popular music. D. Drivers travelling long distances. 14. What is the safest practice for drivers regarding music? A. Listening to loud music on boring road trips. B. Enjoying fast music to keep the brain active. C. Choosing familiar songs at a medium volume. D. Letting the passengers choose the music to enjoy. 15. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To discourage drivers from listening to music. B. To explore the driving habits between different drivers. C. To criticize young drivers for their bad listening habits. D. To explain how music affects driving and offer advice. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了音乐对驾驶行为的影响，分析不同音乐类型及音量对驾驶安全的作用，并提出安全驾驶的音乐建议。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第二段中“Researchers have studied the effects of music on driving for many years in virtual driving environments. They measure things like speed, reaction time, and crash incidents under different music conditions.(研究人员多年来一直在虚拟驾驶环境中研究音乐对驾驶的影响。他们在不同的音乐条件下测量速度、反应时间和碰撞事故等指标)”可知，研究者在虚拟驾驶环境中进行实验来测量驾驶表现。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第五段中“Inexperienced drivers are more easily affected by music. Studies show that when they listen to upbeat or fast music, they are more likely to speed, miss road signs, and react slowly to dangers.(新手司机更容易受音乐影响。研究表明，当他们听欢快或快节奏音乐时，更可能超速、错过路标、对危险反应迟缓)”可知，缺乏驾驶经验的司机更容易受音乐影响。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。​根据最后一段中“For safer driving, it is best to listen to recognizable songs, at a moderate volume, and avoid very loud or aggressive tracks.(为了更安全的驾驶，最好听熟悉的歌曲，保持适中音量，避免过大或激进的曲目)”可知，最安全的做法是选择熟悉的歌曲并以中等音量播放。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。​文章开篇介绍音乐对驾驶的普遍影响，接着通过研究数据说明音乐如何影响驾驶表现，最后针对不同人群提出安全驾驶的音乐建议，所以本文的目的是解释音乐如何影响驾驶并提供建议。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项有多余选项。 Ways to keep a long-distance friendship A long-distance friendship is between two people who live quite far apart — far enough that they don’t see each other on a regular basis. So a lot of effort is required to maintain it. ____16____. Stay in touch A friendship won’t last without connection. ____17____. For example, starting a group chat is a great way to share your updates. Sharing photos with your friends also makes therm feel that you are still part of each other’s daily life. ____18____ Showing thoughtfulness doesn’t cost too much. It doesn’t need expensive goods, lots of money or hours of planning. Something plain, like a card or a small gift, can mean a lot more to them than you may think. ____19____. Remain reliable ____20____. Even though you can’t bring them ice cream or a copy of their favorite movie after they’ve had a bad day, letting them know they can talk to you at any time will comfort them. Remember even if you’re not living next to your friends any more, it doesn’t mean your friendship has to end. It just takes time and effort to maintain a long-distance friendship. A. Show thoughtfulness B. Remember important dates C. Let your friends know you are always reliable D. You can visit each other in new homes at weekends E. There are many ways for us to stay in touch with friends F. Here are some ways to keep a long-distance friendship strong G. Showing thoughtfulness in little ways could make their entire day 【答案】16. F 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了异地友谊因距离难以维系，需要通过保持联系、表达体贴、保持可靠等方法，付出时间和努力来维系这份情谊。 【16题详解】 上文“A long-distance friendship is between two people who live quite far apart — far enough that they don’t see each other on a regular basis. So a lot of effort is required to maintain it. (异地友谊是指两个人住得很远——远到无法定期见面。因此需要付出很多努力来维持这段友谊)”介绍了异地友谊的定义和维持的难度，结合下文分点介绍维持异地友谊的具体方法可知，F选项“这里有一些让异地友谊保持牢固的方法”符合语境，承上启下，引出下文的具体方法。故选F。 【17题详解】 上文“A friendship won’t last without connection. (没有联系，友谊就无法长久)”强调了联系对友谊的重要性，下文“For example, starting a group chat is a great way to share your updates. Sharing photos with your friends also makes them feel that you are still part of each other’s daily life. (例如，建一个群聊是分享近况的好方法。和朋友分享照片也能让他们觉得你们仍然是彼此日常生活的一部分)”举例说明和朋友保持联系的具体方式，E选项“我们有很多方式可以和朋友保持联系”承上启下，引出下文的具体联系方式，符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 下文“Showing thoughtfulness doesn’t cost too much. It doesn’t need expensive goods, lots of money or hours of planning. Something plain, like a card or a small gift, can mean a lot more to them than you may think. (表达体贴不需要花费太多。不需要昂贵的东西、大量的金钱或数小时的计划。一些简单的东西，比如一张卡片或一份小礼物，对他们来说可能比你想象的更有意义)”围绕“表达体贴”展开，A选项“表达体贴”作为小标题，概括该段核心内容，符合语境。故选A。 【19题详解】 上文“Showing thoughtfulness doesn’t cost too much. It doesn’t need expensive goods, lots of money or hours of planning. Something plain, like a card or a small gift, can mean a lot more to them than you may think. (表达体贴不需要花费太多。不需要昂贵的东西、大量的金钱或数小时的计划。一些简单的东西，比如一张卡片或一份小礼物，对他们来说可能比你想象的更有意义)”说明简单的体贴行为也能带来很大意义，G选项“在小事上表达体贴可能会让他们一整天都心情愉悦”承接上文，进一步说明小体贴的积极作用，符合语境。故选G。 【20题详解】 上文小标题“Remain reliable (保持可靠)”点明该段核心是“可靠”，下文“Even though you can’t bring them ice cream or a copy of their favorite movie after they’ve had a bad day, letting them know they can talk to you at any time will comfort them. (即使在他们心情不好的日子里，你不能给他们带冰淇淋或他们最喜欢的电影碟片，让他们知道可以随时和你聊天也会安慰到他们)”具体说明如何做到可靠，C选项“让你的朋友知道你总是可靠的”承接小标题，引出下文的具体做法，符合语境。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30分） 第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项， Upon moving into their new flat in Bristol, four young men were immediately ___21___ by their neighbor’s adorable dog, Stevie. Having grown up with animals, they were ___22___ for furry companionship. However, their strict landlord ___23___ pets, so they gathered their courage to write a letter to their neighbor, expressing their desire to be friends with the dog and offering to walk or play with it anytime. A response arrived soon, written from Stevie’s ___24___. She introduced herself as an energetic dog ___25___ by Sarah, agreeing to be their friend on the ___26___ of five daily ball throws and belly scratches whenever she demanded. The boys were overjoyed. Their first meeting with Stevie was ___27___ they’d hoped for. She was energetic and friendly, and the walk was a blast. Subsequently, regular play dates became a routine. The boys looked forward to their time with Stevie, and Sarah cherished how the interactions broke the ___28___ neighborhood barriers. In an era where people often remain strangers to those next door, this small connection felt ___29___. As time went by, their bond grew stronger and acts of kindness became the ___30___ — they helped Sarah carry groceries, and she shared homemade cookies with them. What started as a request for doggy dates had ___31___ into a genuine friendship. When the boys had to move, they were heartbroken to say goodbye to Stevie. Sarah ___32___ them her door would always be open for them. Their story later ___33___ online, touching people around the world. It serves as a gentle ___34___ that kindness and curiosity can bridge even the most ordinary divides and a simple act of ___35___ can transform strangers into lifelong friends. 21. A. attacked B. annoyed C. confused D. captivated 22. A. grateful B. responsible C. desperate D. suitable 23. A. forbade B. required C. feared D. ignored 24. A. memory B. perspective C. imagination D. intention 25. A. adapted B. raised C. supported D. abandoned 26. A. qualification B. affection C. ambition D. condition 27. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something 28. A. strange B. unexpected C. usual D. harmonious 29. A. normal B. worthless C. invaluable D. inevitable 30. A. standard B. norm C. goal D. priority 31. A. evolved B. divided C. jumped D. burst 32. A. convinced B. informed C. assured D. persuaded 33. A. paid off B. went viral C. hit the spot D. took a twist 34. A. reminder B. celebration C. indication D. suggestion 35. A. honesty B. patience C. kindness D. boldness 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了四个年轻人因为想要和新邻居的狗狗玩耍而和新邻居之间建立了深厚友谊的温暖故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：四名年轻人搬进布里斯托尔的新公寓后，立刻被邻居那可爱的狗狗史蒂薇迷住了。A. attacked攻击；B. annoyed使恼怒；C. confused使困惑；D. captivated迷住。根据“by their neighbor’s adorable dog”可知，此处是指四名年轻人立刻被邻居那可爱的狗狗史蒂薇迷住了。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们与动物一起长大，对毛茸茸的伙伴有着强烈的渴望。A. grateful感激的；B. responsible负责的；C. desperate渴望的；D. suitable合适的。根据后文“expressing their desire to be friends with the dog and offering to walk or play with it anytime”可知，此处是指对毛茸茸的伙伴有着强烈的渴望。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，他们严格的房东禁止养宠物，于是他们鼓起勇气给邻居写了一封信，表达了希望与这只狗成为朋友的愿望，并提出随时可以带它散步或一起玩耍。A. forbade禁止；B. required要求；C. feared害怕；D. ignored忽视。根据“their strict landlord”可知，此处是指严格的房东禁止养宠物。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：很快他们便收到回复，是以史蒂薇的视角写的。A. memory记忆；B. perspective视角；C. imagination想象；D. intention意图。根据后文“She introduced herself as an energetic dog”可知，此处是指回复是以史蒂薇的视角写的。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：她自我介绍是一只精力充沛的狗狗，由萨拉抚养长大，她同意成为他们的朋友，但条件是每天必须有五次抛球游戏，并且只要她提出要求就要给她挠肚肚。A. adapted改编；B. raised抚养；C. supported支持；D. abandoned抛弃。根据“by Sarah”可知，此处是指由主人萨拉养大。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：她自我介绍是一只精力充沛的狗狗，由萨拉抚养长大，她同意成为他们的朋友，但条件是每天必须有五次抛球游戏，并且只要她提出要求就要给她挠肚肚。A. qualification资格；B. affection关爱；C. ambition野心；D. condition条件。根据“five daily ball throws and belly scratches whenever she demanded”可知，此处是指条件是每天必须有五次抛球游戏，并且只要她提出要求就要给她挠肚肚。on the condition that...意为“条件是……”。 【27题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们第一次与史蒂薇见面，完全达到了他们的期望。A. everything一切；B. nothing没有什么；C. anything任何事物 （用于否定句、条件句）；D. something某物。根据后文“She was energetic and friendly, and the walk was a blast.”可知，此处是指第一次与史蒂薇的见面满足了他们的期望的一切。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：男孩们期待着与史蒂薇共度的时光，而莎拉则珍视这些互动如何打破了邻里间常有的隔阂。A. strange陌生的；B. unexpected意外的；C. usual平常的，通常的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据后文“In an era where people often remain strangers to those next door”可知，此处是指邻里间通常的隔阂。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一个人们常常与隔壁邻居互不相识的时代，这种小小的联系显得无比珍贵。A. normal正常的；B. worthless无价值的；C. invaluable极宝贵的；D. inevitable无法避免的。根据“In an era where people often remain strangers to those next door”可知，此处是指这种小小的联系显得无比珍贵。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，他们之间的感情越来越深厚，善良的行为也成了常态——他们帮萨拉提杂货，而她则和他们分享自己做的饼干。A. standard标准；B. norm常态；C. goal目标；D. priority优先事项，最重要的事。根据后文“they helped Sarah carry groceries, and she shared homemade cookies with them”和前文“As time went by”可知，此处是指善良的行为也成了常态。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：最初只是想和狗子约会，后来却发展成了真挚的友谊。A. evolved演变，发展；B. divided分开；C. jumped跳跃；D. burst爆炸。根据前文“What started as a request for doggy dates had”和后文“into a genuine friendship”可知，此处是指最初和狗狗的约会发展成了真挚的友谊。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：莎拉向他们保证，她的门永远对他们敞开。A. convinced使确信，使信服；B. informed通知；C. assured保证；D. persuaded劝说。根据“her door would always be open for them”可知，此处是指莎拉向他们保证她的门永远对他们敞开。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他们的故事后来在网上走红，感动了世界各地的人们。A. paid off偿还债务；B. went viral迅速传播；C. hit the spot恰到好处；D. took a twist发生转变。根据“touching people around the world”可知，此处是指他们的故事后来在网上走红。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：它充当一个温柔的提醒，表明善良与好奇能够弥合最普通的隔阂，而一次简单的勇敢举动，也能将陌生人变成终身的朋友。A. reminder提醒；B. celebration庆祝；C. indication指示，标示；D. suggestion建议。根据“that kindness and curiosity can bridge even the most ordinary divides”可知，此处是指这个故事像一个温柔的提醒。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：它充当一个温柔的提醒，表明善良与好奇能够弥合最普通的隔阂，而一次简单的勇敢举动，也能将陌生人变成终身的朋友。A. honesty诚实；B. patience耐心；C. kindness善意；D. boldness勇敢。根据前文“they gathered their courage to write a letter to their neighbor”可知，此处是指一次简单的勇敢举动。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, an outstanding man. He, born in Hangzhou, was admitted to the aeronautics department of the MIT (美国麻省理工学院航空系) in 1935. After ____36____ (graduate) with his PhD (博士学位), he was employed as ____37____ assistant researcher at University. Qian’s missile (导弹) designs laid the foundation for the missile development in the 1940s and 1950s, ____38____ (make) him a world-known rocketeer (火箭工程师). When he ____39____ (hear) of the exciting news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian decided to return to homeland without hesitation to contribute ____40____ his own nation. Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was ____41____ (active) involved in research work. Under his ____42____ (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first missile in 1960. In 1965, Qian planned ____43____ (develop) the first artificial satellite included in the country’s key projects, ____44____ was finally launched into space in 1970. In 1999, Qian Xuesen _____45_____ (award) the “Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal” (两弹一星功勋奖章) by the government of PRC, and was considered as the “Father of China’s Missiles” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry. 【答案】36. graduating 37. an 38. making 39. heard 40. to 41. actively 42. participation 43. to develop 44. which 45. was awarded 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了钱学森的求学经历、科研成就、以及他为中国导弹与航天事业作出的卓越贡献和获得的荣誉。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：博士毕业后，他受聘于一所大学担任助理研究员。介词After后需接graduate的动名词形式作宾语。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：博士毕业后，他受聘于一所大学担任助理研究员。assistant以元音音素开头，此处表泛指，用不定冠词an。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：钱学森的导弹设计为二十世纪四五十年代的导弹发展奠定了基础，让他成为世界知名的火箭工程师。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。 【39题详解】 考查时态。句意：1949年，当听到中华人民共和国成立这一振奋人心的消息时，钱学森毫不犹豫决定回国。时间为1949年，描述过去动作，用一般过去时。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：1949年，当听到中华人民共和国成立这一振奋人心的消息时，钱学森毫不犹豫决定回国，为自己的国家做贡献。固定搭配contribute to表示“为……做贡献”。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：一回到祖国，钱学森就积极投身科研工作。此处修饰形容词involved，需用副词actively作状语。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：在他的参与和指导下，中国于1960年成功发射第一枚导弹。形容词性物主代词his后接名词形式，participation“参与”符合，不可数。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1965年，钱学森规划研发列入国家重点项目的首颗人造卫星，这颗卫星最终于1970年发射升空。固定搭配plan to do sth.表示“计划做某事”。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：1965年，钱学森规划研发列入国家重点项目的首颗人造卫星，这颗卫星最终于1970年发射升空。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文the first artificial satellite，从句缺少主语，用关系代词which引导。 【45题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：1999年，钱学森被中华人民共和国政府授予两弹一星功勋奖章，因其对中国航天事业的重大贡献，被称为中国导弹之父。主语与award之间为被动关系，结合时间1999用一般过去时的被动语态。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的交换生好友Tony准备参加“用英语讲中国故事”演讲比赛，想请你推荐一个彰显中华传统美德的经典历史故事。请给他回复一封邮件，内容包括： 1.故事简介； 2.推荐理由； 3.表达祝愿。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Tony, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Tony, Regarding the Chinese historic story you want, I recommend “Kong Rong Sharing Pears”. Kong Rong, a four-year-old boy, chose the smallest pear for himself, leaving the larger ones for his brothers. The story is a perfect choice because it highlights traditional Chinese values that are still relevant today. It teaches the importance of humility and consideration. By sharing this story, you can convey the timeless lesson that true greatness lies in thinking of others. This will not only enrich your speech but also connect with audiences from different backgrounds. Hope my recommendation is helpful. Best wishes for your speech! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给交换生好友Tony回复邮件，为其参加演讲比赛推荐一则体现中华传统美德的历史故事，介绍故事内容、说明推荐理由并送上参赛祝福。 【详解】1.词汇积累 传统的：traditional→conventional 谦逊：humility→modesty 体贴：consideration→thoughtfulness 永恒的：timeless→everlasting 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：This will not only enrich your speech but also connect with audiences from different backgrounds. 拓展句：Not only will this enrich your speech, but it will also connect with audiences from different backgrounds. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The story is a perfect choice because it highlights traditional Chinese values that are still relevant today.（运用了because引导原因状语从句以及关系代词that引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】This will not only enrich your speech but also connect with audiences from different backgrounds.（运用了“not only...but also...”连接并列结构） 第二节(满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When Leo transferred to a new high school in the middle of the term, he rarely spoke a single word. Coming from a quiet small town far away, he was extremely shy and quiet, always sitting silently at the back of the classroom. He never participated in any group activities, and even when the teacher asked him simple questions, he would lower his head shyly and reply in a low voice. But during the art class, Jake, the most lively and playful boy in their class, secretly glanced at Leo’s painting and couldn’t hide the surprise on his face. One day, Ms. White, their art teacher, announced a city-wide art competition, calling on students to create paintings that could reveal their innermost dreams and true emotions. While other students chatted happily and actively shared their creative ideas, Leo sat all alone in his seat, staring blankly at his blank canvas (画布), looking lost and discouraged. Ms. White walked over and knelt beside him, saying gently, “Everyone has a unique voice in art and yours is just waiting to be heard.” Leo looked up at her for the first time, his eyes full of doubt but also a faint spark of hope. She stayed with him patiently, asking about his beautiful hometown and his hidden hobbies, and little by little, Leo began to open up his heart. With her encouragement, Leo finished his painting and submitted it to the teacher after class, never expecting anyone to notice. A month later, as soon as classes ended, Jake rushed over to Leo with a bright grin. “Come on, let’s go to the notice board. The result of the art competition is due out today!” he said excitedly. Leo shook his head and whispered, “I’m not going. It has nothing to do with me anyway.” Moments later, loud, excited cheers came from the hallway. 注意： 1．续写词数为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Jake dashed back and announced the good news. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyone soon found Leo’s gradual change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jake dashed back and announced the good news. “Leo, you won first place!” he shouted, his voice full of excitement. Leo’s eyes widened in disbelief. He shook his head slightly, thinking it must be a mistake. But Jake grabbed his arm and pulled him toward the hallway. There, on the notice board, was Leo’s painting, a peaceful village with starry skies and children laughing. Ms. White stood nearby, smiling proudly. “I knew you could do it,” she said softly. For the first time, Leo felt seen. A shy smile appeared on his face as classmates gathered around, offering their congratulations. Everyone soon found Leo’s gradual change. He began to speak more in class, his voice no longer a whisper but clear and steady. He joined group activities and even helped other students with their art projects. Jake became his close friend, and together they painted pictures on the classroom wall. Leo no longer sat at the back alone. He had found his voice, not through words alone, but through colors and brushes. Ms. White’s words had planted a seed, and now Leo was finally blooming. Sometimes a single act of kindness is all it takes to help a quiet heart find its way. 【解析】 【导语】本文以莱奥的转变为线索展开，讲述了转学到新高中的莱奥害羞内向、沉默寡言，不愿与人交流，在美术课上被杰克发现有绘画天赋，在美术老师的鼓励下参加城市艺术比赛，意外获得一等奖，之后逐渐变得开朗自信，主动融入集体，找到自我价值的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段写杰克跑回来告知莱奥获得一等奖的好消息，莱奥难以置信，被杰克拉去看公告栏，得到老师和同学们的祝贺，第一次感受到被认可。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段写莱奥逐渐发生变化，课堂上说话更多、声音更响亮，主动参加集体活动，和杰克成为好朋友，凭借绘画找到自我，彻底摆脱内向。 2. 续写线索：告知获奖消息——莱奥震惊——查看公告——获得祝贺——逐渐改变——主动交流——结交朋友——找到自我 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①抓：grab/seize/grasp ②帮助：help/aid 情绪类 ①兴奋：excitement/thrill ②害羞：shy/timid 【点睛】[高分句型1] Ms. White stood nearby, smiling proudly.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） [高分句型2] He had found his voice, not through words alone, but through colors and brushes.（运用了not...but...连接并列结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $