专题16 句子成分（知识清单）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语知识清单聚焦句子成分专题，系统梳理七大主干与修饰成分（主谓宾表定状补）及同位语、插入语，通过知识脑图搭建脉络，考点分层突破重难点，优题精练强化实战应用。 清单以“主干定句意，修饰添细节”口诀助记核心逻辑，结合高考真题长句拆解（如低碳技术发展作主语），分层设计基础与真题练习，培养学生语言理解与长难句分析的思维品质，助力自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

清单16 句子成分 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 七大成分概述 考点二 七大成分逐词精讲 知识点1 主语 知识点2 谓语 知识点3 宾语 知识点4 表语 知识点5 定语 知识点6 状语 知识点7 补语 考点三 其他句子成分 知识点1 同位语 知识点2 插入语 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 英语句子七大成分概述 知识点1 七大成分分类 1. 主干成分（句子必须有，缺了就是病句）：主语、谓语、宾语、表语 2. 修饰成分（可有无，用来扩写句子、出长难句）：定语、状语、补语 知识点2 七大成分作用 万能核心逻辑（吃透秒懂所有句子）：主干定句意，修饰添细节；一句一谓语，长句全拆分 通俗区分口诀：主干回答「谁、做什么、是什么」；修饰回答「什么样、何时何地、为什么」 七大成分：主谓宾、定状补、表语 主干成分（必须有）：主语、谓语、宾语、表语 修饰成分（锦上添花）：定语、状语、补语 核心口诀：主干定乾坤，修饰看细节 考点2 七大成分逐词精讲 所有成分先讲判定、再给简单句、最后配高考长难句，层层递进，适配刷题、读阅读、写作文 知识点1. 主语（S）：动作/状态的发出者｜回答：谁？什么？ ✅ 判定：永远在谓语前，是句子核心主体，名词/代词/非谓语/从句均可充当 ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（I 主语，动作发出者） ✅ 高考真题长句（2025全国卷）：The rapid development of low-carbon technology changes people’s lifestyle. 中文：低碳技术的快速发展改变了人们的生活方式。 💡 拆解：整个长名词短语作主语，是高考长句最常见形式 练习：划出句中主语。 The girl is pretty. They are good friends. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. What he wants is a pencil! 如果主语比较长一般用it作形式主语。 It is very important to read English aloud. 知识点2. 谓语（V）：句子唯一核心｜回答：做什么？是什么状态？ ✅ 判定：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成．一般由系动词、及物动词和不及物动词充当。 ✅铁律：一个完整句子，有且只有一个主句谓语（多出来的动词必是非谓语） ✅ 分类：实义动词（动作）、系动词（状态）、情态动词+动词原形 ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（love 谓语，核心动作） ✅ 高考真题长句：Small actions can create great changes in our environment. 中文：微小的行动可以为我们的环境带来巨大改变。 💡 拆解：can create 整体作谓语，情态动词不能单独作谓语 练习：划出句中谓语。 He is a teacher. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 知识点3. 宾语（O）：动作的承受者｜回答：做了什么？对象是谁？ ✅ 判定：紧跟实义动词、介词之后；系动词后绝对不是宾语。宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，动名词，不定式和从句等充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（reading 宾语） ✅ 高考真题长句：Many teenagers prefer to take part in voluntary public welfare activities. 中文：许多青少年更愿意参与公益志愿活动。 💡 拆解：不定式短语整体作宾语 练习：划出句中宾语。 She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 知识点4. 表语（P）：解释主语属性｜回答：主语是什么、怎么样 ✅ 核心判定：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．（be/become/seem/look/sound/turn） ✅ 简单句：She is optimistic. 中文：她很乐观。（optimistic 表语，形容主语状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：The purpose of the activity is to strengthen teenagers’ sense of social responsibility. 中文：这项活动的目的是增强青少年的社会责任感。 💡 拆解：不定式作表语，解释主语purpose的具体内容 练习：划出句中表语。 I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. The reason is that he got up late. The leaves turn green. He became a teacher. 知识点5. 定语（Att）：修饰名词｜翻译标志：……的 ✅ 判定：定语用来修饰名词或代词．定语可以由形容词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或定语从句充当． 只要修饰名词，一律是定语；分前置定语、后置定语（高考长句90%考后置定语） ✅ 简单句：The hard-working student passed the exam. 中文：这个勤奋的学生通过了考试。（hard-working 前置定语） ✅ 高考真题长句：The book written by the famous writer is popular among students. 中文：这位著名作家写的这本书深受学生喜爱。 💡 拆解：过去分词短语后置作定语，修饰名词book（高考超高频考点） 练习：划出句中定语。 The black bike is mine. What’s your name? I have 5 books. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. The boy who is sleeping on the sofa is his brother. 知识点6. 状语（Adv）：修饰动词/整句｜回答：何时、何地、为何、如何 ✅ 判定：状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等． 状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当． 不修饰名词，只修饰动作或整句话；时间、地点、原因、方式、让步、条件均为状语 ✅ 简单句：He studies carefully. 中文：他认真学习。（carefully 方式状语） ✅ 高考真题长句（2026全国卷）：If you stick to daily practice, you will make steady progress. 中文：如果你坚持日常练习，就会稳步进步。 💡 拆解：if引导条件状语从句，修饰整个主句 练习：划出句中状语。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. To catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. He was reading a book when I called him. 知识点7. 补语（C）：补充说明｜主打主谓、宾补完整句意 1. 宾语补足语： ✅判定：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，现在分词、过去分词充当 ✅高频考点：宾语补足语（补充说明宾语状态，无补语句子句意不完整） ✅ 简单句：The news made me excited. 中文：这个消息让我很兴奋。（excited 宾补，补充me的状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：We find it necessary to balance study and relaxation. 中文：我们发现平衡学习与放松很有必要。 💡 拆解：不定式作真正宾语，it为形式宾语，necessary为宾补。 练习：划出句中宾语补足语。 If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. He told me to arrive on time. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. 2. 主语补足语： ✅判定：在英语中，有些句子在句子后面加上主语补足语，补充说明主语处于什么身份或状态。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，现在分词充当。 ✅ 简单句：The man was found dead. 中文：那个人被发现死了。（dead 宾补，补充the man的状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：He was caught cheating in the exam in the last English writing competition. 中文：他被捉住在英语写作比赛考试中作弊。 💡 拆解：现在分词作宾补，补充说明the man的状态。 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 He was elected king. The door was left open. John was found out when we arrived. He was forced into the house. I was told to arrive on time. They were kept waiting all day. 考点3 其他句子成分 知识点1. 同位语：相同语法地位的人或事 ✅判定：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称后项为同位语。一般由名词、名词短语或者从句充当。 ✅ 简单句：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 中文：史密斯先生，我们的老师，对我们很好。（our teacher 同位语，指Mr Smith） 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s. Word came that he won the first prize. 知识点2. 插入语：插入句子中间的语言 ✅判定：插入语，就是指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来，插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用，此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。一般由形容词，副词，介词短语，现在分词短语，不定式短语，句子充当。 ✅ 简单句：Sure enough, she was there.中文：很确信的是，她在那。（sure enough是插入语，去掉不影响主要句意） 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 Otherwise we’ll be locked out. He doesn’t mind. In fact, he is very pleased. By the way, do you know where Mary lives? Generally speaking，children like to watch television. To begin with, I do not like its colour Believe it or not, they got married soon. 1. 修饰名词 = 定语；修饰动作/整句 = 状语 2. 系动词后必是表语，实义动词后是宾语 3. 让句意完整、补充宾语状态 = 补语 4. 一个主句只有一个谓语，其余动词多为非谓语/从句谓语 优题精练·专题实战通关 考向01 辨识句子成分 一、说出各句子成分 1.I feel excited. 2.He loves English. 3.They are talking loudly in the classroom now. 4.You know, we surprisingly found him cleaning the desks in the room. 1.I主feel系excited表 2.He主语 loves谓语 English宾语. 3.They主语 are talking谓语 loudly（方式状语） in the classroom（地点状语） now（时间状语）. 4.You know,插入语 we主语 surprisingly状语 found 谓语him宾语 cleaning the desks in the room.宾补 二、标识句子成分并翻译 请对每句话标出：主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、表语(P)、定语(Att)、状语(Adv)、补语(C) 解题步骤：先抓主干（主谓宾/主系表）→ 再找修饰（定状补） 第一组：基础简单句 10题（夯实成分判定） 1. I deeply love peaceful and meaningful campus life. 2. She always remains calm and optimistic in difficulty. 3. Hard work brings us endless possibilities. 4. The warm sunshine makes us energetic every day. 5. Students should develop good learning habits actively. 6. This book offers useful guidance for teenagers. 7. The young player looks confident and powerful. 8. We find English learning extremely interesting. 9. Teachers encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. 10. Time flies quickly and never returns. 参考答案 1. I deeply love peaceful and meaningful campus life. 成分：I(S) / deeply(Adv) / love(V) / peaceful and meaningful(Att) / campus life(O) 翻译：我深深热爱平静且充实的校园生活。 2. She always remains calm and optimistic in difficulty. 成分：She(S) / always(Adv) / remains(系V) / calm and optimistic(P) / in difficulty(Adv) 翻译：她在困境中始终冷静乐观。 3. Hard work brings us endless possibilities. 成分：Hard(Att) / work(S) / brings(V) / us(O1间接宾) / endless(Att) / possibilities(O2直接宾) 翻译：努力带给我们无限可能。 4. The warm sunshine makes us energetic every day. 成分：The warm(Att) / sunshine(S) / makes(V) / us(O) / energetic(C) / every day(Adv) 翻译：温暖的阳光让我们每天活力满满。 5. Students should develop good learning habits actively. 成分：Students(S) / should develop(V) / good learning(Att) / habits(O) / actively(Adv) 翻译：学生应当主动养成良好的学习习惯。 6. This book offers useful guidance for teenagers. 成分：This(Att) / book(S) / offers(V) / useful(Att) / guidance(O) / for teenagers(Adv) 翻译：这本书为青少年提供有益的指导。 7. The young player looks confident and powerful. 成分：The young(Att) / player(S) / looks(系V) / confident and powerful(P) 翻译：这位年轻选手看起来自信且充满力量。 8. We find English learning extremely interesting. 成分：We(S) / find(V) / English learning(O) / extremely(Adv) / interesting(C) 翻译：我们发现英语学习非常有趣。 9. Teachers encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. 成分：Teachers(S) / encourage(V) / us(O) / to pursue our dreams(C) / bravely(Adv) 翻译：老师鼓励我们勇敢追逐梦想。 10. Time flies quickly and never returns. 成分：Time(S) / flies(V) / quickly(Adv) / and / never(Adv) / returns(V) 翻译：时光飞逝，一去不返。 第二组：高考真题长难句 10题 1. The positive communication between teachers and students creates a harmonious learning atmosphere. 2. Many young people choose to take part in voluntary activities to serve the whole society. 3. The purpose of after-school activities is to enrich students’ spare time and broaden their horizons. 4. We firmly believe that continuous efforts will finally bring satisfactory results. 5. The traditional culture passed down from our ancestors is extremely precious. 6. If you keep practicing every day, you will make steady progress in your study. 7. The convenient digital technology greatly changes people’s daily lifestyle nowadays. 8. Experts suggest that teenagers should stick to regular physical exercise. 9. The beautiful scenery along the road makes our journey more enjoyable and unforgettable. 10. Balancing study and relaxation is an essential skill for modern students. 参考答案 1. The positive communication between teachers and students creates a harmonious learning atmosphere. 成分：The positive(Att) / communication(S) / between teachers and students(后置Att) / creates(V) / a harmonious learning(Att) / atmosphere(O) 翻译：师生间积极的交流营造了和谐的学习氛围。 2. Many young people choose to take part in voluntary activities to serve the whole society. 成分：Many young(Att) / people(S) / choose(V) / to take part in voluntary activities(O) / to serve the whole society(目的Adv) 翻译：许多年轻人选择参与志愿活动来服务社会。 3. The purpose of after-school activities is to enrich students’ spare time and broaden their horizons. 成分：The purpose(S) / of after-school activities(后置Att) / is(系V) / to enrich...and broaden...(P) 翻译：课外活动的目的是丰富学生课余生活、开阔眼界。 4. We firmly believe that continuous efforts will finally bring satisfactory results. 成分：We(S) / firmly(Adv) / believe(V) / that...results(宾语从句作O) 翻译：我们坚信持续的努力终将带来令人满意的结果。 5. The traditional culture passed down from our ancestors is extremely precious. 成分：The traditional(Att) / culture(S) / passed down from our ancestors(后置Att) / is(系V) / extremely(Adv) / precious(P) 翻译：祖辈传承下来的传统文化弥足珍贵。 6. If you keep practicing every day, you will make steady progress in your study. 成分：If...every day(条件Adv从句) / you(S) / will make(V) / steady(Att) / progress(O) / in your study(Adv) 翻译：如果你坚持每日练习，你的学习将会稳步进步。 7. The convenient digital technology greatly changes people’s daily lifestyle nowadays. 成分：The convenient digital(Att) / technology(S) / greatly(Adv) / changes(V) / people’s daily(Att) / lifestyle(O) / nowadays(Adv) 翻译：便捷的数字技术极大改变了人们如今的生活方式。 8. Experts suggest that teenagers should stick to regular physical exercise. 成分：Experts(S) / suggest(V) / that...exercise(宾语从句作O) 翻译：专家建议青少年坚持规律的体育锻炼。 9. The beautiful scenery along the road makes our journey more enjoyable and unforgettable. 成分：The beautiful(Att) / scenery(S) / along the road(后置Att) / makes(V) / our journey(O) / more enjoyable and unforgettable(C) 翻译：沿途美丽的风景让我们的旅途更加愉悦难忘。 10. Balancing study and relaxation is an essential skill for modern students. 成分：Balancing study and relaxation(动名词短语S) / is(系V) / an essential(Att) / skill(P) / for modern students(Adv) 翻译：平衡学习与放松是当代学生必备的能力。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单16 句子成分 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 七大成分概述 考点二 七大成分逐词精讲 知识点1 主语 知识点2 谓语 知识点3 宾语 知识点4 表语 知识点5 定语 知识点6 状语 知识点7 补语 考点三 其他句子成分 知识点1 同位语 知识点2 插入语 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 英语句子七大成分概述 知识点1 七大成分分类 1. 主干成分（句子必须有，缺了就是病句）：主语、谓语、宾语、表语 2. 修饰成分（可有无，用来扩写句子、出长难句）：定语、状语、补语 知识点2 七大成分作用 万能核心逻辑（吃透秒懂所有句子）：主干定句意，修饰添细节；一句一谓语，长句全拆分 通俗区分口诀：主干回答「谁、做什么、是什么」；修饰回答「什么样、何时何地、为什么」 七大成分：主谓宾、定状补、表语 主干成分（必须有）：主语、谓语、宾语、表语 修饰成分（锦上添花）：定语、状语、补语 核心口诀：主干定乾坤，修饰看细节 考点2 七大成分逐词精讲 所有成分先讲判定、再给简单句、最后配高考长难句，层层递进，适配刷题、读阅读、写作文 知识点1. 主语（S）：动作/状态的发出者｜回答：谁？什么？ ✅ 判定：永远在谓语前，是句子核心主体，名词/代词/非谓语/从句均可充当 ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（I 主语，动作发出者） ✅ 高考真题长句（2025全国卷）：The rapid development of low-carbon technology changes people’s lifestyle. 中文：低碳技术的快速发展改变了人们的生活方式。 💡 拆解：整个长名词短语作主语，是高考长句最常见形式 练习：划出句中主语。 The girl is pretty. They are good friends. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. What he wants is a pencil! 如果主语比较长一般用it作形式主语。 It is very important to read English aloud. 知识点2. 谓语（V）：句子唯一核心｜回答：做什么？是什么状态？ ✅ 判定：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成．一般由系动词、及物动词和不及物动词充当。 ✅铁律：一个完整句子，有且只有一个主句谓语（多出来的动词必是非谓语） ✅ 分类：实义动词（动作）、系动词（状态）、情态动词+动词原形 ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（love 谓语，核心动作） ✅ 高考真题长句：Small actions can create great changes in our environment. 中文：微小的行动可以为我们的环境带来巨大改变。 💡 拆解：can create 整体作谓语，情态动词不能单独作谓语 练习：划出句中谓语。 He is a teacher. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 知识点3. 宾语（O）：动作的承受者｜回答：做了什么？对象是谁？ ✅ 判定：紧跟实义动词、介词之后；系动词后绝对不是宾语。宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，动名词，不定式和从句等充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． ✅ 简单句：I love reading. 中文：我喜欢阅读。（reading 宾语） ✅ 高考真题长句：Many teenagers prefer to take part in voluntary public welfare activities. 中文：许多青少年更愿意参与公益志愿活动。 💡 拆解：不定式短语整体作宾语 练习：划出句中宾语。 She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 知识点4. 表语（P）：解释主语属性｜回答：主语是什么、怎么样 ✅ 核心判定：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．（be/become/seem/look/sound/turn） ✅ 简单句：She is optimistic. 中文：她很乐观。（optimistic 表语，形容主语状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：The purpose of the activity is to strengthen teenagers’ sense of social responsibility. 中文：这项活动的目的是增强青少年的社会责任感。 💡 拆解：不定式作表语，解释主语purpose的具体内容 练习：划出句中表语。 I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. The reason is that he got up late. The leaves turn green. He became a teacher. 知识点5. 定语（Att）：修饰名词｜翻译标志：……的 ✅ 判定：定语用来修饰名词或代词．定语可以由形容词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或定语从句充当． 只要修饰名词，一律是定语；分前置定语、后置定语（高考长句90%考后置定语） ✅ 简单句：The hard-working student passed the exam. 中文：这个勤奋的学生通过了考试。（hard-working 前置定语） ✅ 高考真题长句：The book written by the famous writer is popular among students. 中文：这位著名作家写的这本书深受学生喜爱。 💡 拆解：过去分词短语后置作定语，修饰名词book（高考超高频考点） 练习：划出句中定语。 The black bike is mine. What’s your name? I have 5 books. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. The boy who is sleeping on the sofa is his brother. 知识点6. 状语（Adv）：修饰动词/整句｜回答：何时、何地、为何、如何 ✅ 判定：状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度等． 状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当． 不修饰名词，只修饰动作或整句话；时间、地点、原因、方式、让步、条件均为状语 ✅ 简单句：He studies carefully. 中文：他认真学习。（carefully 方式状语） ✅ 高考真题长句（2026全国卷）：If you stick to daily practice, you will make steady progress. 中文：如果你坚持日常练习，就会稳步进步。 💡 拆解：if引导条件状语从句，修饰整个主句 练习：划出句中状语。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. To catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. He was reading a book when I called him. 知识点7. 补语（C）：补充说明｜主打主谓、宾补完整句意 1. 宾语补足语： ✅判定：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，现在分词、过去分词充当 ✅高频考点：宾语补足语（补充说明宾语状态，无补语句子句意不完整） ✅ 简单句：The news made me excited. 中文：这个消息让我很兴奋。（excited 宾补，补充me的状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：We find it necessary to balance study and relaxation. 中文：我们发现平衡学习与放松很有必要。 💡 拆解：不定式作真正宾语，it为形式宾语，necessary为宾补。 练习：划出句中宾语补足语。 If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. He told me to arrive on time. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called. 2. 主语补足语： ✅判定：在英语中，有些句子在句子后面加上主语补足语，补充说明主语处于什么身份或状态。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，现在分词充当。 ✅ 简单句：The man was found dead. 中文：那个人被发现死了。（dead 宾补，补充the man的状态） ✅ 高考真题长句：He was caught cheating in the exam in the last English writing competition. 中文：他被捉住在英语写作比赛考试中作弊。 💡 拆解：现在分词作宾补，补充说明the man的状态。 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 He was elected king. The door was left open. John was found out when we arrived. He was forced into the house. I was told to arrive on time. They were kept waiting all day. 考点3 其他句子成分 知识点1. 同位语：相同语法地位的人或事 ✅判定：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称后项为同位语。一般由名词、名词短语或者从句充当。 ✅ 简单句：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 中文：史密斯先生，我们的老师，对我们很好。（our teacher 同位语，指Mr Smith） 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s. Word came that he won the first prize. 知识点2. 插入语：插入句子中间的语言 ✅判定：插入语，就是指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加的说明的成分。一般说来，插入语与句中其他部分没有语法上的联系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用，此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。一般由形容词，副词，介词短语，现在分词短语，不定式短语，句子充当。 ✅ 简单句：Sure enough, she was there.中文：很确信的是，她在那。（sure enough是插入语，去掉不影响主要句意） 练习：划出句中主语补足语。 Otherwise we’ll be locked out. He doesn’t mind. In fact, he is very pleased. By the way, do you know where Mary lives? Generally speaking，children like to watch television. To begin with, I do not like its colour Believe it or not, they got married soon. 1. 修饰名词 = 定语；修饰动作/整句 = 状语 2. 系动词后必是表语，实义动词后是宾语 3. 让句意完整、补充宾语状态 = 补语 4. 一个主句只有一个谓语，其余动词多为非谓语/从句谓语 优题精练·专题实战通关 考向01 辨识句子成分 一、说出各句子成分 1.I feel excited. 2.He loves English. 3.They are talking loudly in the classroom now. 4.You know, we surprisingly found him cleaning the desks in the room. 二、标识句子成分并翻译 请对每句话标出：主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、表语(P)、定语(Att)、状语(Adv)、补语(C) 解题步骤：先抓主干（主谓宾/主系表）→ 再找修饰（定状补） 第一组：基础简单句 10题（夯实成分判定） 1. I deeply love peaceful and meaningful campus life. 2. She always remains calm and optimistic in difficulty. 3. Hard work brings us endless possibilities. 4. The warm sunshine makes us energetic every day. 5. Students should develop good learning habits actively. 6. This book offers useful guidance for teenagers. 7. The young player looks confident and powerful. 8. We find English learning extremely interesting. 9. Teachers encourage us to pursue our dreams bravely. 10. Time flies quickly and never returns. 第二组：高考真题长难句 10题 1. The positive communication between teachers and students creates a harmonious learning atmosphere. 2. Many young people choose to take part in voluntary activities to serve the whole society. 3. The purpose of after-school activities is to enrich students’ spare time and broaden their horizons. 4. We firmly believe that continuous efforts will finally bring satisfactory results. 5. The traditional culture passed down from our ancestors is extremely precious. 6. If you keep practicing every day, you will make steady progress in your study. 7. The convenient digital technology greatly changes people’s daily lifestyle nowadays. 8. Experts suggest that teenagers should stick to regular physical exercise. 9. The beautiful scenery along the road makes our journey more enjoyable and unforgettable. 10. Balancing study and relaxation is an essential skill for modern students. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $