Unit 2 Help Yourself!（知识清单）英语教科版四年级上册（新教材）

该小学英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Help Yourself!”单元内容，涵盖语调规则、必记单词（四会与三会）、常考短语、必会句型及核心语法五大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从基础语言要素到交际应用的阶梯式学习支架。 清单采用“考点星级标注”和“情景化练习设计”构建知识体系，如将“请求许可句型May I...?”标注为三星重点，通过“提分练”中的情景选择题强化语言运用，培养学生的语言能力和学习能力。特别设置“拓展用法”和“注意事项”，如“some在请求问句中的使用”提示，助力不同水平学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂效率。

Unit 2 Help Yourself! 单元知识清单 知 识 归 纳 语调 一般疑问句用升调。例如： May I have some more, ↘ please? ↗ Would you like some rice? ↗ 一般疑问句（包括Yes/No问句）通常使用升调，表示询问、请求。 必记单词 四会 rice 米饭 soup 汤 here 这里 house 房子 feel 感觉 floor 地板 really 非常；真的 taste 尝起来 三会 yourself 你自己 could 可以 pass 传递 if 如果 full 饱的 drop 掉落, 出版社 spoon 勺子 pick 捡起 end 结束 any 任何 常考短语 Help yourself 请自便 table manners 餐桌礼仪 have a seat 请坐 some more rice 再来些米饭 pass me the ... 递给我…… at the dinner table 在餐桌旁 at the end of ... 在……结束时 pick up 捡起 必会句型 1. 询问对方是否想要某物的句型： —Would you like some + 名词? —Sure, thank you! / No, thanks. I‘m good. 例：—Would you like some more rice? 你想再来些米饭吗？ —Sure, thank you! 好的，谢谢！ 2. 请求许可的句型： —May I + 动词原形 + ... , please? —Sure. / Yes, you may. 例：—May I get a new spoon, please? 请问我可以拿个新勺子吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 3. 请求对方传递物品的句型： —Could/Would you please pass me the + 名词? —Sure. Here you are. 例：—Could you please pass me the tissues? 请递给我纸巾好吗？ —Sure. Here you are. 好的，给你。 4. 表达感谢及回应的句型： —Thank you! / Thanks! —You're welcome. / I'm glad you like it. 例：—The food is so good. 食物太美味了。 —I'm glad you like it. 我很高兴你喜欢。 5. 表达饱了、不需要了的句型： —No, thank you. I'm good. / I'm fine. 例：—Would you like some more rice? 你想再来些米饭吗？ —No, thanks. I'm good. 不了，谢谢。我饱了。 核心语法 1. 一般疑问句（Would you like...? / May I...? / Could you...?）的用法 2. 情态动词 would, may, could 的礼貌用法 3. 祈使句（Help yourself. / Have a seat.）的用法 4. 礼貌用语（please, thank you, excuse me）的正确使用 考 点 速 记 考点 01 询问对方是否想要某物的句型 —Would you like some + 名词? —Sure, thank you! / No, thanks. I’m good. 我们通常用“Would you like some...?”来礼貌地询问对方是否想要某物，意为“你想要一些……吗？”。★★★ some 常用于肯定句中，但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句中也可以用some。如： —Would you like some rice? 你想要些米饭吗？ —Sure, thank you! 好的，谢谢！ 肯定回答常用 “Sure, thank you!” 或 “Yes, please.” 否定回答常用 “No, thanks. I'm good.” 或 “No, thank you.” 【拓展】 “Would you like + 名词?” 还可用于询问对方是否喜欢某物。如： —Would you like some soup? 你喜欢喝汤吗？ —Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 是的，我喜欢。/ 不，我不喜欢。 “Would you like to + 动词原形...?” 用于询问对方是否想要做某事。如： —Would you like to have some rice? 你想要吃点米饭吗？ —Sure! 当然！ 注意：在回答“Would you like...?”时，不能用“Yes, I would.”，而是要用“Sure, thank you.”或“Yes, please.”。 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —Would you like ______ rice? —Sure, thank you! A. a B. some C. any ( ) 2. —Would you like some soup? —______. I'm full. A. Sure, thank you B. Yes, please C. No, thanks. I‘m good ( ) 3. —Would you like ______ have some bread? —Yes, I’d love to. A. to B. for C. with ( ) 4. —______ you like some salad? —Sure, thank you! A. Are B. Do C. Would ( ) 5. —Would you like some more rice? —______. A. Yes, I would B. Sure, thank you C. No, I‘m not 二、根据情景选择正确的句子。 ( ) 1. 你想问妈妈是否想要些汤，你应该说： A. Would you like some soup? B. Do you like soup? C. Can I have some soup? ( ) 2. 朋友问你要不要再来些米饭，你已经饱了，应该说： A. Sure, thank you! B. No, thanks. I’m good. C. Yes, please. ( ) 3. 你想邀请朋友吃些鱼肉，应该说： A. Would you like some fish? B. Are you like fish? C. Would you like to fish? ( ) 4. 你想要些馄饨，应该说： A. Would you like some wontons? B. I would like some wontons. C. Do you like wontons? ( ) 5. 你不想再吃了，应该礼貌地说： A. No, thank you. I'm good. B. No, I don't want. C. I'm not good. 考点 02 请求许可的句型：May I ...? —May I + 动词原形 + ... , please? —Sure. / Yes, you may. “May I...?” 是礼貌地请求对方允许自己做某事的句型，意为“我可以……吗？”。★★★ May 是情态动词，后面接动词原形。 肯定回答常用 “Sure.”、“Yes, you may.” 或 “Of course.” 否定回答常用 “No, you may not.” 或 “Sorry, you can't.” 句末加 please 会让语气更加礼貌。 如： —May I have a look? 我可以看一看吗？ —Sure. 当然可以。 —May I get a new spoon, please? 请问我可以拿个新勺子吗？ —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 【拓展】 表示请求许可还可以用： Can I...? （较随意） 如： Can I use the bathroom? 我可以用洗手间吗？ Could I...? （更礼貌） 如： Could I have some more soup? 我可以再来些汤吗？ 注意：“May I...?” 中的 May 首字母要大写，后面接动词原形。 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —______ I get a new one, please? —Sure. A. May B. Am C. Do ( ) 2. —May I have a look? —______. A. No, you may B. Sure C. Yes, I may ( ) 3. —______ I use the bathroom? —Yes, you may. A. Am B. May C. Would ( ) 4. May I ______ some more soup, please? A. has B. have C. having ( ) 5. —May I use your pen? —______. Here you are. A. No, you may not B. Sorry C. Sure 二、将下列句子改为礼貌的请求句，用 May I 开头。 1. I want to have some more soup. (礼貌请求) _____________________________________________________ 2. I want to get a new spoon. (礼貌请求) _____________________________________________________ 3. I want to use the bathroom. (礼貌请求) _____________________________________________________ 4. I want to have a look at your book. (礼貌请求) _____________________________________________________ 5. I want to have some salad. (礼貌请求) _____________________________________________________ 考点 03 请求传递物品的句型：Could you please pass me ...? —Could/Would you please pass me the tissues? 请把纸巾递给我好吗？ —Sure. Here you are. 当然，给你。 “Could/Would you please...?” 是礼貌地请求对方做某事的句型，意为“请你……好吗？”。★★★ Could 和 Would 都是情态动词，后面接动词原形，比 Can you...? 更礼貌。 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 意为“把某物递给某人”。 肯定回答常用 “Sure.”、“Of course.” 或 “Certainly.”，同时可说 “Here you are.”（给你）。 如： —Could you please pass me the tissues? 请递给我纸巾好吗？ —Sure. Here you are. 好的。给你。 —Would you please pass me the fish? 请你把鱼递给我好吗？ —Sure. 当然。 【拓展】 可以替换 pass 的动词： give（给）：Could you please give me the spoon? 请把勺子给我好吗？ hand（递）：Would you please hand me the salt? 请把盐递给我好吗？ 注意：please 可以放在句首、句中或句末。如： Please pass me the rice. Pass me the rice, please. Could you please pass me the rice? 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —Could you please ______ me the tissues? —Sure. Here you are. A. pass B. passing C. to pass ( ) 2. —Would you please pass me ______ rice? —Sure. A. a B. some C. any ( ) 3. —______ you please pass me the salt? —Of course. A. Can B. Could C. Are ( ) 4. Pass the fish ______ me, please. A. for B. at C. to ( ) 5. —Could you please pass me the spoon? —______. A. Here you are B. I'm good C. Thank you 二、连词成句。 1. please, pass, tissues, me, could, the, you (?) ____________________________________________________________ 2. me, please, would, the, rice, pass, you (?) ____________________________________________________________ 3. you, here, are (.) ____________________________________________________________ 4. pass, fish, to, me, the, please (.) ____________________________________________________________ 5. could, please, soup, the, pass, me, you (?) ____________________________________________________________ 考点 04 表达感谢与回应的句型 —Thank you! / Thanks! 谢谢！ —You're welcome. / I'm glad you like it. 不用谢。我很高兴你喜欢。 在餐桌上，礼貌表达感谢是非常重要的餐桌礼仪。★★★ 当别人为你夹菜、递东西或提供帮助时，要说 “Thank you!” 或 “Thanks!” 回应感谢时，可以用： “You're welcome.”（不客气。）——最常用 “I'm glad you like it.”（我很高兴你喜欢。）——当对方夸赞食物时用 “My pleasure.”（我的荣幸。） 如： —Thank you for the rice. 谢谢你的米饭。 —You're welcome. 不客气。 —The food is so good! 食物太美味了！ —I'm glad you like it. 我很高兴你喜欢。 【拓展】 在餐桌上夸赞食物时可以说： “The food is so good / delicious / yummy!” 食物太好吃了！ 表达“不用谢”的其他说法： “Not at all.”（不用谢。） “That's OK.”（没关系。） 提分练 一、选择正确的应答语。 ( ) 1. —The food is so good! —______ A. Thank you! B. I'm glad you like it. C. I'm good. ( ) 2. —Thank you for the soup. —______ A. No, thanks. B. You're welcome. C. Sure. ( ) 3. —Would you like some more rice? —Sure. Thank you! —______ A. You're welcome. B. I'm good. C. Please. ( ) 4. —Here you are. —______ A. No, thanks. B. Thank you! C. I'm glad. ( ) 5. —The fish is yummy! —______ A. I'm glad you like it. B. No, it isn't. C. I'm good. 二、根据情景补全对话。 A: Would you like some rice? B: Sure. ____________!（谢谢） A: ____________.（不客气） A: ____________.（食物太美味了） B: I'm glad you like it. A: Could you please pass me the tissues? B: ____________.（给你） A: ____________.（谢谢） A: Would you like some more soup? B: No, thanks. ____________.（我饱了） A: ____________.（请自便） B: Thank you! 考点 05 表达吃饱了的句型 No, thank you. I'm good. / I'm fine. 不，谢谢。我饱了。/ 我很好。 当别人问你还要不要吃东西时，如果你已经吃饱了，可以用这个句型礼貌地拒绝。★★★ “I'm good.” 和 “I'm fine.” 在这里都表示“我吃饱了/我够了”。 不能直接说 “No.” 或 “I don't want.”，这样不礼貌。 前面一定要先说 “No, thank you.” 或 “No, thanks.” 如： —Would you like some more rice? 你想再来些米饭吗？ —No, thank you. I'm good. 不了，谢谢。我饱了。 —Can I get you some more soup? 我再给你盛些汤好吗？ —No, thanks. I'm fine. 不了，谢谢。我够了。 【拓展】 “I'm good.” 在不同的语境中有不同的意思： 在回答“Would you like...?”时，= “我吃饱了/我够了” 在回答“How are you?”时，= “我很好” 注意：“I'm full.” 也可以表示“我饱了”，但在正式场合用 “I'm good.” 更礼貌。 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. —Would you like some more bread? —No, thank you. ______. A. I'm good B. I'm glad C. I'm sorry ( ) 2. —Do you want some more soup? —______. I'm fine. A. Sure B. No, thanks C. Yes, please ( ) 3. “我饱了。”用英语可以说： A. I'm good. B. I'm fine. C. A和B都可以 ( ) 4. 别人问你要不要再来些沙拉，你已经饱了，最礼貌的回答是： A. No. I don't want. B. No, thank you. I'm good. C. I'm full. ( ) 5. —Would you like some more rice? —______. A. Yes, I would like B. No, thank you. I'm good C. I'm glad you like it 二、判断下列对话是否礼貌，礼貌的打“√”，不礼貌的打“×”。 ( ) 1. A: Would you like some more soup? B: No, thanks. I'm good. ( ) 2. A: Would you like some rice? B: No. I don't like it. ( ) 3. A: Can I get you some fish? B: No, thank you. I'm fine. ( ) 4. A: Would you like some more bread? B: I'm full. ( ) 5. A: Would you like some salad? B: Sure, thank you! 考点 06 祈使句的用法 Help yourself. / Have a seat, please. 请随意。请坐吧。 祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告或建议，通常以动词原形开头。★★★ 肯定祈使句：动词原形 + 其他。 Help yourself. 请自便。（主人对客人说） Have a seat, please. 请坐。 句末加 please 会让语气更礼貌。 如： —Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。 —Thank you! 谢谢！ —Have a seat, please. 请坐。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 【拓展】 餐桌上主人常用的祈使句： Help yourself. / Help yourself to some... 请自便/请随便吃些…… Try some fish. 尝尝鱼。 Have some more rice. 再来些米饭吧。 注意：祈使句的否定形式在动词原形前加 Don't，如：Don't worry.（别担心。） 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. ______ yourself to some meat, please. A. Help B. Helps C. Helping ( ) 2. ______ a seat, please. A. Has B. Have C. Having ( ) 3. ______ some fish. It's delicious! A. Try B. To try C. Trying ( ) 4. —Help yourself! —______. A. Thank you B. I'm good C. Sure ( ) 5. “别担心。”用英语怎么说？ A. Don't worry. B. Not worry. C. No worry. 二、将下列句子改为祈使句。 1. You should have a seat. → ___________________ 2. You can try some fish. → ___________________ 3. You can help yourself to some rice. → ___________________ 4. You should have some more soup. → ___________________ 5. You can take a look. → ___________________ 参考答案 考点01 一、 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 二、 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 考点02 一、 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 二、 1. May I have some more soup, please? 2. May I get a new spoon, please? 3. May I use the bathroom, please? 4. May I have a look at your book? 5. May I have some salad, please? 考点03 一、 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 二、 1. Could you please pass me the tissues? 2. Would you please pass me the rice? 3. Here you are. 4. Please pass the fish to me. / Pass me the fish, please. 5. Could you please pass me the soup? 考点04 一、 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 二、 1. Thank you / You're welcome 2. The food is so good 3. Here you are / Thank you 4. I'm good / I'm fine 5. Help yourself 考点05 一、 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 二、 1. √ 2. × 3. √ 4. × 5. √ 考点06 一、 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 二、 1. Have a seat, please. 2. Try some fish. 3. Help yourself to some rice. 4. Have some more soup. 5. Take a look. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $