Unit 3 Growing Up 动词不定式（核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版九年级上册

**基本信息** 系统梳理动词不定式句法功能，通过“知识回顾-考点夯基-综合提升”三阶训练，结合结构公式与语境应用，构建“概念-原理-应用”完整逻辑链，提升语言运用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|12类用法+例句|归纳不定式7大句法功能（主/宾/宾补等）、省to结构、否定式等公式化用法|从构成到句法功能，按“形式-功能-特例”递进| |考点夯基|单选10题+完成句子10题+单句填空10题|聚焦高频考点（It句型、动词搭配、疑问词+不定式），通过语境辨析for/of区别、宾补省to等易错点|以基础题型强化核心用法，实现从知识到解题的转化| |综合提升|语法选择2篇+语法填空2篇+选词填空1篇|在语篇中综合运用不定式作定语/状语等功能，训练上下文逻辑分析能力|从单句到语篇，提升复杂语境下的语言应用与思维品质|

Unit 3 Growing Up 核心语法精练 （动词不定式） 目录 一、知识回顾 1 二、考点夯基 6 一．单项选择 6 二．完成句子 8 三．单句语法填空 9 三、综合提升 11 一．语法选择 11 二．语法填空 14 三．选词填空 17 【不定式】 构成 肯定：(to)+动词原形，to 为不定式符号，本身无词义 否定：not (to)+动词原形 形式主语 It’s +adj.+(for/of) sb. to do sth. It’s useful to learn English. It’s kind ofyou to help me. 宾 语 及物动词后 decide/expect/want/agree... I have decided to study Japanese. 形式宾语 find/think it +adj.+to do sth. He finds it easy to speak English every day. 省 to Why not do...? Why don’t you do...? had better do... would rather do... please do... Why not go to the park? You’d better stay here. I’d rather stay at home. Please sit down. 宾 补 宾补 tell/ask/allow...sb to do He asks me to carry the box. 省 to feel//hear/listen to/let/make/have/ look at/see/watch/notice Let’s go. He makes me clean the room. 定语（后置） 起形容词的作用 He was the first to come to the room. 修饰 something/anything... Have you got something to drink? 状语 放在不及物动词后表目的 放在某些形容词后 He went to America to learn English. I’m glad to see you again. 疑问词+不定式 who/what/which/when...+to do Can you tell me how to get there? 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 （1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。如：It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。如： It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。// It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。如： ① It+be+名词+to do sth. 如：It’s our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. 如：It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. 如：It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 如：It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。如： To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 ( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。如： He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 （3）动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 ① 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。如：I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. ② 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。如：Can you help me (to) learn English? They were made to work day and night. She was heard to sing in the room. This picture makes me feel tense! Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. （4）动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as如： He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ② 动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 如：I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。如： The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。如： The boy is old enough to go to school. Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. （5）动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。如： I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. // Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。如： I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 （6）动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。如： My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 （7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。如： My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。如： You’d better get up early. Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。如： ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 一．单项选择 1．It’s necessary ________ different reading skills to learn the unit well. A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 2．Our teacher advised us ________ more reading about great people in our free time. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 3．We ________ visit the new zoo, as we have heard a lot of good things about it. A．can’t wait to B．dropped greatly C．cut down D．cancelled 4．It takes much time and energy ________ a good memory. A．develop B．developing C．to develop D．developed 5．Repeating things over and over again is a good way ________ memory. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 6．It’s normal ________ some information as time goes by. A．forget B．to forget C．forgetting D．forgotten 7．Tom ________ help clean the plastic litter in the park when he saw the volunteers working hard. A．offered to B．offered doing C．offers to D．offers doing 8．My mother advised me ________ more time reading about local old buildings. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 9．Choose the suitable title for a cooking passage. A．What cook for dinner B．What to cook for dinner C．If to cook for dinner D．Why to cook for dinner 10．Which sentence can be used as a proper article title? A．How learn English well B．How to learn English well C．Why to learn English well D．If to learn English well 二．完成句子 1．我们班决定办联欢会, 老师让我们先相互讨论一下。 Our class decided to hold a party, so the teacher asked us ________ it ________ each other first. 2．由于雨下得太大，我们决定在朋友家过夜。 Because it was raining heavily, we decided to ________ ________ at our friend’s house. 3．热情的主人让我们在陌生的城市里宾至如归。 The warm hosts made us ________ ________ ________ in the strange city. 4．她十二岁时，开始对化学产生兴趣。 When she was 12, she began to ________ ________ ________ in chemistry. 5．勤于思考有助于提升你的创新能力。 Thinking often helps to ________ ________ innovative ability. 6．亲爱的同学们，让我们遵守这些规则，养成良好的习惯吧！ Dear classmates, let’s follow these rules ________ ________ good habits! 7．如今，很多人喜欢下载电子音乐。 ________, many people like to ________ ________ music. 8．更多年轻人开始追逐他们的太空梦想。 More young people begin to ________ ________ space dreams. 9．休息十分钟后，我赶紧追上爬山队伍。 After resting for ten minutes, I hurried to ________ ________ ________ the team. 10．尽管她有些忐忑，她还是决定参加戏剧社的试演。 Although she felt worried, she still decided to ________ ________ for the drama club. 三．单句语法填空 1．It’s important ________ (learn) the spirits of heroes in our daily study. 2．Practising listening helps us ________ (master) key sentence structures. 3．It takes us time ________ (understand) the deep meaning of great people’s stories. 4．She decided ________ (continue) her training even after facing huge pressure. 5．It started ________ (rain) when we got home. 6．The doctor’s job is ________ (save) patients’ lives. It’s a very meaningful job. 7．He decided ________ (try) out for the relay team. 8．The method encourages us ________ (develop) our memory skills. 9．She is willing ________ (help) others in trouble. 10．I failed ________________ (recognize) my old classmate at first. 一．语法选择 A 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Yang Zhenning is one of the greatest physicists in the world. He was 1 in 1922 and passed away in Beijing in 2025 at 2 age of 103. Yang had a strong love 3 science. As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for 4 education. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao. This made 5 very famous around the world. As a scientist born in China, he never 6 his motherland. He helped build connections between Chinese and American 7 . He also raised money to support Chinese young people 8 abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and made a really big 9 in the field of science in China. We will 10 remember this great man. He not only made great contributions to physics but influenced many young scientists in China. 1．A．bear B．bore C．born 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．for B．from C．with 4．A．far B．further C．furthest 5．A．he B．him C．himself 6．A．forget B．forgot C．has forgotten 7．A．scientist B．scientists’ C．scientists 8．A．study B．studying C．to study 9．A．difference B．different C．differently 10．A．always B．sometimes C．hardly ever B Have you ever read Fu Lei’s Family Letters? The book came out in 1981. It is a collection of letters 1 by Chinese translator Fu Lei. For some years, his son Fu Cong studied abroad. Writing letters became their usual way to communicate 2 each other at that time. In some letters, Fu Cong told his father the problems that he met in his life and study. He once asked his father how to choose a music teacher. Fu Lei guided his son patiently 3 gave him very good suggestions. In another letter, Fu Cong was praised by 4 father after he won an important international piano competition. “I am so proud of you, my dear son. I 5 believe that you will have the ability to heal the world with music,” wrote Fu Lei. Fu Lei also advised Fu Cong 6 more Chinese classics. He shared his personal ideas on traditional values with his son. He said, “Everyone should be a great person before becoming 7 expert in a certain area. It is even 8 than anything else. Otherwise, no matter how much knowledge a person has got, he or she will not achieve real success.” A good book can influence a 9 whole life. Fu Lei’s Family Letters is a great book 10 makes big differences to people who read it. It inspires many young people to live a meaningful life. 1．A．write B．wrote C．written 2．A．at B．with C．for 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．strong B．stronger C．strongly 6．A．reads B．to read C．reading 7．A．/ B．a C．an 8．A．important B．more important C．the most important 9．A．reader B．readers’ C．reader’s 10．A．that B．what C．who 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the rainy regions of southern China, the oil-paper umbrella is more than just a tool. It is 1 symbol of tradition and art. Carefully made from bamboo and hand-painted paper, each umbrella is 2 (coat) with natural tung oil (桐油) to protect it from rain. For 3 (century), this craft has been passed down through families, carrying both practical use and cultural meaning. However, today there are fewer than twenty masters in China 4 still make oil-paper umbrellas by hand. Modern factories produce cheap umbrellas 5 (quick), making it hard for traditional craftsmen to compete. However, these masters continue their work, often spending several days 6 a single umbrella. “Every step matters,” says Master Chen, a third-generation umbrella maker. “It’s not just an object. It’s a story.” In recent years, young artists and designers have 7 (begin) to rediscover this tradition. They create oil-paper umbrellas with modern patterns and use 8 (they) in fashion shows, photo shoots, even as decorations in cafes. Some schools also offer workshops where students can learn basic umbrella-making skills. This helps more young people understand and appreciate the culture behind the craft. The oil-paper umbrella teaches us an important lesson. We can see that true beauty takes time and care. It reminds us 9 (value) slow craftsmanship in a fast-paced world. Each umbrella is simple in shape, but it carries the patience and spirit of its maker. And it also carries the hope that 10 (tradition) arts will continue to shine, even in modern times. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2026 Spring Festival Gala (春晚) has announced its lovely mascots (吉祥物), four lively horses which 1 (name) Qiqi, Jiji, Chichi and Chengcheng. These mascots have quickly become popular online, and they 2 (perfect) fit the Gala’s theme (主题) “Galloping Forward, Unstoppable” (骐骥驰骋，势不可挡). Each horse has a special cultural story. Qiqi takes inspiration from 3 old Western Zhou bronze (铜) horse, with a blackish-green color from the word “Qi”. Jiji 4 (be) based on the Han Dynasty’s “heavenly horse”, with wings spread wide as if it is flying to the sun. Chichi comes from the Tang Dynasty’s “three-flower horse”, which was a symbol of high status (地位) in ancient China, looking confident and 5 (power). Chengcheng is modeled after Przewalski’s horse (普氏野马), a rare “living fossil (化石)” with a long history, and 6 (it) color is originally from the grasslands. The mascots are full 7 traditional Chinese cloud patterns, and these patterns bring good wishes. For teenagers, they are a wonderful chance 8 (learn) about Chinese culture. Before the mascots 9 (come) out, designers had spent months researching cultural symbols. People of all ages love these cute horses, 10 they carry deep cultural meanings and show hope for the new year. Are you looking forward to seeing them shine on the Gala stage? 三．选词填空 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 bring food wide so problem protect important culture wonder build China’s Grand Canal (京杭大运河) is the longest man-made river in the world. Its system began in the Sui dynasty. At that time, Emperor Yang needed a faster way to move 1 from China’s south to the north in order to feed the army. He decided to connect old rivers and lakes to 2 a new canal. Later in the Yuan dynasty, the canal was repaired and new parts were built. It created a shorter way to Beijing. More and more people made a living along the river. Over time, it became very 3 for trade and communication. The Grand Canal plays a big role in exchanging (交流) many different 4 . It is said that Peking duck and Peking opera were 5 to Beijing through this waterway. In the same way, ideas, traditions and art spread 6 along the canal. Today, boats still travel on the river. The local governments want to bring in more tourists 7 they make the riversides beautiful. But there is a new 8 — many old buildings along the canal are knocked down. In order to 9 this historic treasure, people worked their best and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site (联合国教科文组织世界遗产) in 2014. The Grand Canal has been busy for more than 1,000 years. It is not only a man-made 10 , but also a symbol of communication between the south and the north in China. We are all proud of it. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Growing Up 核心语法精练 （动词不定式） 目录 一、知识回顾 1 二、考点夯基 6 一．单项选择 6 二．完成句子 8 三．单句语法填空 9 三、综合提升 11 一．语法选择 11 二．语法填空 14 三．选词填空 17 【不定式】 构成 肯定：(to)+动词原形，to 为不定式符号，本身无词义 否定：not (to)+动词原形 形式主语 It’s +adj.+(for/of) sb. to do sth. It’s useful to learn English. It’s kind ofyou to help me. 宾 语 及物动词后 decide/expect/want/agree... I have decided to study Japanese. 形式宾语 find/think it +adj.+to do sth. He finds it easy to speak English every day. 省 to Why not do...? Why don’t you do...? had better do... would rather do... please do... Why not go to the park? You’d better stay here. I’d rather stay at home. Please sit down. 宾 补 宾补 tell/ask/allow...sb to do He asks me to carry the box. 省 to feel//hear/listen to/let/make/have/ look at/see/watch/notice Let’s go. He makes me clean the room. 定语（后置） 起形容词的作用 He was the first to come to the room. 修饰 something/anything... Have you got something to drink? 状语 放在不及物动词后表目的 放在某些形容词后 He went to America to learn English. I’m glad to see you again. 疑问词+不定式 who/what/which/when...+to do Can you tell me how to get there? 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 （1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。如：It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。如： It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。// It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。如： ① It+be+名词+to do sth. 如：It’s our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. 如：It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. 如：It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 如：It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。如： To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 ( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 （2）动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。如： He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 （3）动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 ① 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。如：I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. ② 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。如：Can you help me (to) learn English? They were made to work day and night. She was heard to sing in the room. This picture makes me feel tense! Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. （4）动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as如： He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ② 动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 如：I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。如： The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。如： The boy is old enough to go to school. Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. （5）动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。如： I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. // Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。如： I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 （6）动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。如： My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 （7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。如： My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。如： You’d better get up early. Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。如： ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 一．单项选择 1．It’s necessary ________ different reading skills to learn the unit well. A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：体验不同的阅读技巧对于学好这个单元是必要的。 experience体验，动词原形；to experience动词不定式；experiencing动名词；experienced形容词。根据固定句型“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，to experience符合语境。 2．Our teacher advised us ________ more reading about great people in our free time. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们在空闲时间去做更多关于伟人的阅读。 do做；doing做；to do去做；did 做了。固定搭配“advise sb. to do sth.”表示“建议某人做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据“Our teacher advised us...more reading”可知，此处应用动词不定式。 3．We ________ visit the new zoo, as we have heard a lot of good things about it. A．can’t wait to B．dropped greatly C．cut down D．cancelled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们迫不及待要去参观这个新动物园，因为我们听说了很多关于它的好话。 can’t wait to迫不及待做某事，符合“听说动物园的好话后想去”的语境；dropped greatly大幅下降，与语境无关；cut down削减；砍倒，逻辑不符；cancelled取消，与“想去参观”矛盾。结合语境，需用can’t wait to。 4．It takes much time and energy ________ a good memory. A．develop B．developing C．to develop D．developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：培养良好的记忆力需要花费大量的时间和精力。 固定句型It takes (sb.) some time/energy to do sth.表示“（某人）花费时间/精力做某事”，其中“it”是形式主语，应选用不定式to develop作真正的主语。 5．Repeating things over and over again is a good way ________ memory. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一遍又一遍地重复事情是提高记忆力的好方法。 根据“a good way to do sth.”表示“做某事的好方法”，其中“to do”为不定式作后置定语，修饰“way”。应填to improve。 6．It’s normal ________ some information as time goes by. A．forget B．to forget C．forgetting D．forgotten 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着时间流逝忘记一些信息是很正常的。 固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth.表示“做某事是……的”，其中“it”是形式主语，应选用不定式to forget作真正主语。 7．Tom ________ help clean the plastic litter in the park when he saw the volunteers working hard. A．offered to B．offered doing C．offers to D．offers doing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆看到志愿者们辛苦干活时，主动帮忙清理公园里的塑料垃圾。 offer to do sth.“主动提出去做某事”，从句动词saw是一般过去时，整句描述过去发生的事，主句谓语要用过去式offered。 8．My mother advised me ________ more time reading about local old buildings. A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈建议我花更多时间了解当地的老建筑。 spend动词原形；to spend动词不定式；spending动名词/现在分词；spent过去式/过去分词。“advise sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，此处需用to spend。 9．Choose the suitable title for a cooking passage. A．What cook for dinner B．What to cook for dinner C．If to cook for dinner D．Why to cook for dinner 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为烹饪文章选择一个合适的标题。 What cook for dinner错误结构（需带to）；What to cook for dinner晚餐做什么菜；If to cook for dinner错误（if不接不定式）；Why to cook for dinner为什么做晚餐。根据题干“cooking passage”及“title”，内容应是“做什么菜”，疑问词用what；整体使用“疑问词+不定式to do”的结构，应填What to cook for dinner。 10．Which sentence can be used as a proper article title? A．How learn English well B．How to learn English well C．Why to learn English well D．If to learn English well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪句话可以作为合适的文章标题？ How learn English well中How后不能直接加动词原形；Why to learn English well中Why后不能加不定式；If to learn English well中If后不能加不定式。B选项“How to learn English well”符合“疑问词+不定式”结构，可作文章标题。 二．完成句子 1．我们班决定办联欢会, 老师让我们先相互讨论一下。 Our class decided to hold a party, so the teacher asked us ________ it ________ each other first. 【答案】 to discuss with 【详解】原句关键词“与……讨论”对应短语discuss with，此处使用短语ask sb. to do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，第一空填入不定式结构to discuss，第二空填入介词with。 2．由于雨下得太大，我们决定在朋友家过夜。 Because it was raining heavily, we decided to ________ ________ at our friend’s house. 【答案】 stay overnight 【详解】原句中“过夜”是关键词，表示“过夜”的短语是stay overnight；decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，动词短语。故填stay；overnight。 3．热情的主人让我们在陌生的城市里宾至如归。 The warm hosts made us ________ ________ ________ in the strange city. 【答案】 feel at home 【详解】原句关键词“宾至如归”对应短语feel at home；句中“make”是使役动词，使用搭配make sb. do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，因此填入动词原形feel。 4．她十二岁时，开始对化学产生兴趣。 When she was 12, she began to ________ ________ ________ in chemistry. 【答案】 take an interest 【详解】原句中“产生兴趣”是关键词。固定搭配take an interest in sth.表示对某物产生兴趣，表示从无到有，开始产生兴趣，完美匹配本句“十二岁时开始对化学产生兴趣” 的语境。故三个空分别填入take、an、interest。 5．勤于思考有助于提升你的创新能力。 Thinking often helps to ________ ________ innovative ability. 【答案】 improve your 【详解】原句中“提升”和“你的”是关键词，表示“提升”的单词是“improve”，这里位于不定式符号to之后，应用动词原形，构成不定式结构作宾语；“你的”的英文是“your”，修饰空后的名词。 6．亲爱的同学们，让我们遵守这些规则，养成良好的习惯吧！ Dear classmates, let’s follow these rules ________ ________ good habits! 【答案】 to develop 【详解】原句中“养成”是关键词，动词不定式to do表示目的，后接动词原形，此处表示目的；develop表示“养成、培养”，develop good habits为固定搭配，意为养成良好习惯。故填to；develop。 7．如今，很多人喜欢下载电子音乐。 ________, many people like to ________ ________ music. 【答案】 Nowadays download electronic 【详解】原句中“如今”“下载”“电子”是关键词。“如今”填Nowadays，副词，修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写；表达“下载”的单词为download，like to后接动词原形；“电子”对应electronic，形容词，作定语修饰music。故填Nowadays；download；electronic。 8．更多年轻人开始追逐他们的太空梦想。 More young people begin to ________ ________ space dreams. 【答案】 pursue their 【详解】原句中“追逐”是关键词，表示“追逐、追求”的单词是pursue，“他们的”对应形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词短语“space dreams”。本句为一般现在时，begin to后接动词原形。 9．休息十分钟后，我赶紧追上爬山队伍。 After resting for ten minutes, I hurried to ________ ________ ________ the team. 【答案】 catch up with 【详解】原句中“追上”是关键词，表示“追上”的动词短语是catch up with。hurry to do sth.意为“匆忙做某事”，to后接动词原形catch。 10．尽管她有些忐忑，她还是决定参加戏剧社的试演。 Although she felt worried, she still decided to ________ ________ for the drama club. 【答案】 try out 【详解】原句中“参加……的试演”是关键词，表示“参加试演”的短语是“try out”，decide to后接动词原形。 三．单句语法填空 1．It’s important ________ (learn) the spirits of heroes in our daily study. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：在日常学习中学习英雄精神很重要。该句为固定句型“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，句中it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的动词不定式，因此填to learn。 2．Practising listening helps us ________ (master) key sentence structures. 【答案】master/to master 【详解】句意：练习听力有助于我们掌握重点句型。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填master/to master。 3．It takes us time ________ (understand) the deep meaning of great people’s stories. 【答案】to understand 【详解】句意：理解伟人故事的深刻含义需要时间。根据“It takes us time”提示，此处为“It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。understand的不定式形式是to understand。 4．She decided ________ (continue) her training even after facing huge pressure. 【答案】to continue 【详解】句意：即便面对巨大压力，她仍决定继续她的训练。 固定搭配“decide to do sth.”，意为“决定做某事”，decide后需要接动词不定式作宾语，因此括号内动词continue要变形为to continue。 5．It started ________ (rain) when we got home. 【答案】to rain/raining 【详解】句意：我们到家时开始下雨了。start to do sth.和start doing sth.都表示“开始做某事”，二者均可。故填to rain/raining。 6．The doctor’s job is ________ (save) patients’ lives. It’s a very meaningful job. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：医生的工作是拯救病人的生命。这是一份非常有意义的工作。句中“is”为系动词，后可用动词不定式作表语，用来解释说明job的具体内容，save的不定式形式为to save。 7．He decided ________ (try) out for the relay team. 【答案】to try 【详解】句意：他决定参加接力队的选拔。“decide to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”，所以此处应填动词不定式“to try”。   8．The method encourages us ________ (develop) our memory skills. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：这个方法鼓励我们培养记忆能力。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处动词不定式to develop作宾语补足语。 9．She is willing ________ (help) others in trouble. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：她愿意帮助有困难的人。be willing to do为固定搭配，意为“愿意做某事”，故填to help。 10．I failed ________________ (recognize) my old classmate at first. 【答案】to recognize 【详解】句意：起初我没能认出我的老同学。recognize，“认出；识别”，动词。固定搭配fail to do sth.表示"没能做某事，此处需要动词不定式作宾语，故填to recognize。 一．语法选择 A 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Yang Zhenning is one of the greatest physicists in the world. He was 1 in 1922 and passed away in Beijing in 2025 at 2 age of 103. Yang had a strong love 3 science. As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for 4 education. In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao. This made 5 very famous around the world. As a scientist born in China, he never 6 his motherland. He helped build connections between Chinese and American 7 . He also raised money to support Chinese young people 8 abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and made a really big 9 in the field of science in China. We will 10 remember this great man. He not only made great contributions to physics but influenced many young scientists in China. 1．A．bear B．bore C．born 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．for B．from C．with 4．A．far B．further C．furthest 5．A．he B．him C．himself 6．A．forget B．forgot C．has forgotten 7．A．scientist B．scientists’ C．scientists 8．A．study B．studying C．to study 9．A．difference B．different C．differently 10．A．always B．sometimes C．hardly ever 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界最伟大的物理学家之一杨振宁的生平事迹和贡献。 【详解】1．句意：他出生于1922年，2025年在北京去世，享年103岁。 bear生（孩子）（动词原形）；bore生（孩子）（过去式）；born出生（常用于be born结构中表示出生）。根据“He was...in 1922”可知，此处是be born结构，表示“出生于”，应填born，故选C。 2．句意：他出生于1922年，2025年在北京去世，享年103岁。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指。根据“at...age of 103”可知，此处是at the age of…结构，表示“在……岁时”，应填the，故选C。 3．句意：杨对科学有着强烈的热爱。 for为了；from从；with和。根据“had a strong love...science”可知，此处是have a strong love for…结构，表示“对……有强烈的热爱”，应填for，故选A。 4．句意：年轻时，他努力学习，后来去美国接受进一步的教育。 far远的；further进一步的，更远的；furthest最远的。根据“he studied hard and later went to the US for...education”可知，此处表示“去美国接受进一步的教育”，应填further，故选B。 5．句意：这使他在世界各地都非常有名。 he他，人称代词主格；him他，人称代词宾格；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“This made...very famous around the world”可知，此处是make sb. famous结构，表示“使某人出名”，sb.作宾语，应填him，故选B。 6．句意：作为一名出生在中国的科学家，他从未忘记他的祖国。 forget忘记（动词原形）；forgot忘记（过去式）；has forgotten忘记（现在完成时）。根据“he never...his motherland”可知，此处表示“从未忘记”，此处指过去的事情，用过去式forgot，故选B。 7．句意：他帮助建立了中美科学家之间的联系。 scientist科学家（单数）；scientists’科学家的（名词所有格）；scientists科学家（复数）。根据“He helped build connections between Chinese and American...”可知，此处表示“中美科学家之间的联系”，应填scientists，故选C。 8．句意：他还筹集资金支持中国年轻人去国外学习。 study学习（动词原形）；studying学习（现在分词/动名词）；to study学习（动词不定式）。根据“He also raised money to support Chinese young people...abroad”可知，此处表示筹集资金的目的，用不定式结构。故选C。 9．句意：1999年，杨振宁回到清华大学，在中国的科学领域产生了巨大的影响。 difference不同（名词）；different不同的（形容词）；differently不同地（副词）。根据“made a really big...in the field of science”可知，此处是make a big difference结构，表示“产生巨大影响”，应填difference，故选A。 10．句意：我们将永远记住这位伟人。 always总是；sometimes有时；hardly ever几乎从不。根据“We will...remember this great man”以及后文“He not only made great contributions to physics but influenced many young scientists in China.”可知，此处表示“我们将永远记住这位伟人”，应填always，故选A。 B Have you ever read Fu Lei’s Family Letters? The book came out in 1981. It is a collection of letters 1 by Chinese translator Fu Lei. For some years, his son Fu Cong studied abroad. Writing letters became their usual way to communicate 2 each other at that time. In some letters, Fu Cong told his father the problems that he met in his life and study. He once asked his father how to choose a music teacher. Fu Lei guided his son patiently 3 gave him very good suggestions. In another letter, Fu Cong was praised by 4 father after he won an important international piano competition. “I am so proud of you, my dear son. I 5 believe that you will have the ability to heal the world with music,” wrote Fu Lei. Fu Lei also advised Fu Cong 6 more Chinese classics. He shared his personal ideas on traditional values with his son. He said, “Everyone should be a great person before becoming 7 expert in a certain area. It is even 8 than anything else. Otherwise, no matter how much knowledge a person has got, he or she will not achieve real success.” A good book can influence a 9 whole life. Fu Lei’s Family Letters is a great book 10 makes big differences to people who read it. It inspires many young people to live a meaningful life. 1．A．write B．wrote C．written 2．A．at B．with C．for 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．he B．his C．him 5．A．strong B．stronger C．strongly 6．A．reads B．to read C．reading 7．A．/ B．a C．an 8．A．important B．more important C．the most important 9．A．reader B．readers’ C．reader’s 10．A．that B．what C．who 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了《傅雷家书》的内容及其对读者的影响，讲述了傅雷与儿子傅聪通过书信交流的故事，强调了这本书对人们生活的积极意义。 【详解】1．句意：这是中国翻译家傅雷写的书信集。 write写，动词原形；wrote写，过去式；written写，过去分词。句中is是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，根据“by Chinese translator Fu Lei”可知需用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动含义。故选C。 2．句意：写信成为他们当时互相交流的方式。 at在；with和；for为了。固定搭配“communicate with sb”表示“与某人交流”。故选B。 3．句意：傅雷耐心地指导儿子并给出很好的建议。 and并且；or或者；but但是。前后动作“guided”和“gave”是顺承关系，需用and连接。故选A。 4．句意：在另一封信中，傅聪在一次重要的国际钢琴比赛中获胜后，被父亲表扬。 he他，主格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，宾格。根据“father”可知需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故选B。 5．句意：我坚信你有能力用音乐治愈世界。 strong强壮的，形容词原级；stronger更强的，形容词比较级；strongly强烈地，副词原级。此处需用副词修饰动词“believe”。故选C。 6．句意：傅雷还建议傅聪多读中国典籍。 reads读，第三人称单数；to read读，不定式；reading读，动名词。固定搭配“advise sb to do sth”表示“建议某人做某事”。故选B。 7．句意：在成为某个领域的专家之前，每个人都应该先成为一个伟大的人。 /零冠词；a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前。此处表示“一位专家”，且“expert”以元音音素开头，需用“an”。故选C。 8．句意：这比其他任何事情都更重要。 important重要的，原级；more important更重要的，比较级；the most important最重要的，最高级。根据“than”可知需用比较级。故选B。 9．句意：一本好书可以影响读者的一生。 reader读者，单数名词；readers’读者的，复数名词所有格；reader’s读者的，单数名词所有格。a修饰单数名词，且此处修饰“life”需用所有格。故选C。 10．句意：《傅雷家书》是一本对读者产生重大影响的好书。 that引导定语从句，指物或人；what不引导定语从句；who引导定语从句，指人。分析句子可知此处是定语从句的关系代词，引导定语从句，并指代先行词“book”，指物需用“that”。故选A。 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the rainy regions of southern China, the oil-paper umbrella is more than just a tool. It is 1 symbol of tradition and art. Carefully made from bamboo and hand-painted paper, each umbrella is 2 (coat) with natural tung oil (桐油) to protect it from rain. For 3 (century), this craft has been passed down through families, carrying both practical use and cultural meaning. However, today there are fewer than twenty masters in China 4 still make oil-paper umbrellas by hand. Modern factories produce cheap umbrellas 5 (quick), making it hard for traditional craftsmen to compete. However, these masters continue their work, often spending several days 6 a single umbrella. “Every step matters,” says Master Chen, a third-generation umbrella maker. “It’s not just an object. It’s a story.” In recent years, young artists and designers have 7 (begin) to rediscover this tradition. They create oil-paper umbrellas with modern patterns and use 8 (they) in fashion shows, photo shoots, even as decorations in cafes. Some schools also offer workshops where students can learn basic umbrella-making skills. This helps more young people understand and appreciate the culture behind the craft. The oil-paper umbrella teaches us an important lesson. We can see that true beauty takes time and care. It reminds us 9 (value) slow craftsmanship in a fast-paced world. Each umbrella is simple in shape, but it carries the patience and spirit of its maker. And it also carries the hope that 10 (tradition) arts will continue to shine, even in modern times. 【答案】1．a 2．coated 3．centuries 4．who/that 5．quickly 6．on 7．begun 8．them 9．to value 10．traditional 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国南方传统的油纸伞的制作工艺、面临的挑战以及在现代社会的传承与发展。 【详解】1．句意：它是传统和艺术的象征。此处泛指“一个象征”，symbol为可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 2．句意：选用竹子和手绘纸张精心制作，每把伞都涂有天然桐油以防雨。主语each umbrella与动词coat“涂上”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，be+过去分词，且空前已有be动词is，故填coated，符合语法。 3．句意：几个世纪以来，这门手艺在家族中代代相传，兼具实用价值和文化意义。根据“this craft has been passed down through families”可知，强调传承的时间长，固定搭配for centuries表示“几个世纪以来”，故填century的复数形式centuries，符合搭配和语境。 4．句意：然而，今天在中国，手工制作油纸伞的大师已经不到二十位了。此处为定语从句，需填入定语从句引导词，先行词masters指人，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who或that引导，两者均符合语法。 5．句意：现代工厂快速生产廉价的雨伞，传统手工艺人难以与之竞争。此处需用副词修饰动词produce，quick的副词形式为quickly表示“快速地”，符合语境。 6．句意：然而，这些大师继续他们的工作，通常花几天时间在一把伞上。固定搭配spend time on sth表示“在某事上花费时间”，后接名词短语a single umbrella，需用介词on。 7．句意：近年来，年轻的艺术家和设计师已经开始重新发现这一传统。由助动词have可知此处构成现在完成时have+过去分词，故填begin的过去分词为begun，符合语法。 8．句意：他们创造出带有现代图案的油纸伞，并在时装秀，照片拍摄，甚至作为咖啡馆的装饰使用它们。此处作动词use的宾语，指代前面的oil-paper umbrellas，需用代词宾格形式结合所给单词，they的宾格形式是them。 9．句意：它提醒我们在快节奏的世界里要重视缓慢的手工艺。固定搭配remind sb to do sth表示“提醒某人做某事”，故此处需用动词不定式，结合所给单词，填to value符合搭配和语法。 10．句意：它也承载着传统艺术在现代社会继续闪耀的希望。此处需用形容词修饰名词arts作定语，结合所给单词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，符合语法和语境。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2026 Spring Festival Gala (春晚) has announced its lovely mascots (吉祥物), four lively horses which 1 (name) Qiqi, Jiji, Chichi and Chengcheng. These mascots have quickly become popular online, and they 2 (perfect) fit the Gala’s theme (主题) “Galloping Forward, Unstoppable” (骐骥驰骋，势不可挡). Each horse has a special cultural story. Qiqi takes inspiration from 3 old Western Zhou bronze (铜) horse, with a blackish-green color from the word “Qi”. Jiji 4 (be) based on the Han Dynasty’s “heavenly horse”, with wings spread wide as if it is flying to the sun. Chichi comes from the Tang Dynasty’s “three-flower horse”, which was a symbol of high status (地位) in ancient China, looking confident and 5 (power). Chengcheng is modeled after Przewalski’s horse (普氏野马), a rare “living fossil (化石)” with a long history, and 6 (it) color is originally from the grasslands. The mascots are full 7 traditional Chinese cloud patterns, and these patterns bring good wishes. For teenagers, they are a wonderful chance 8 (learn) about Chinese culture. Before the mascots 9 (come) out, designers had spent months researching cultural symbols. People of all ages love these cute horses, 10 they carry deep cultural meanings and show hope for the new year. Are you looking forward to seeing them shine on the Gala stage? 【答案】1．are named 2．perfectly 3．an 4．is 5．powerful 6．its 7．of 8．to learn 9．came 10．because 【导语】本文介绍2026年春节联欢晚会吉祥物——四匹马的命名来源、文化内涵及象征意义。 【详解】1．句意：2026 年春节联欢晚会公布了可爱的吉祥物——四匹活泼的骏马，它们被命名为骐骐、骥骥、驰驰和骋骋。主语“four lively horses”与动词“name”之间是动宾关系，且句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态，故用are named。 2．句意：这些吉祥物迅速在网上走红，并且它们完美契合了春晚“骐骥驰骋，势不可挡”的主题。空格处修饰动词“fit”，需用副词作状语，表示“完美地”，perfect的副词形式是perfectly。 3．句意：骐骐的灵感源自一件古老的西周青铜马，它那墨绿的色泽取自“骐”这个字。空格后“old Western Zhou bronze horse”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一件”，需用不定冠词修饰；old以元音音素开头，故用an。 4．句意：骥骥以汉代的 “天马” 为原型，翅膀舒展，仿佛正朝着太阳飞去。主语“Jiji”是单数，句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时，be动词用is。 5．句意：驰驰取材于唐代的“三花马”—— 这在古代中国是高贵地位的象征，看起来自信而威武。空格处与“confident”并列作表语，需用形容词形式，表示“充满力量的”，power的形容词形式是powerful。 6．句意：骋骋是以普氏野马为原型打造的，普氏野马是有着悠久历史的珍稀 “活化石”，它的色彩源自草原。空格后是名词“color”，需用形容词性物主代词作定语，it对应的形容词性物主代词是its。 7．句意：这些吉祥物布满了中国传统云纹图案，这些纹样寄托着美好的祝福。“be full of”是形容词短语，意为“充满……”，为固定搭配。 8．句意：对于青少年来说，这是一个了解中国文化的绝佳机会。空格处作定语修饰“chance”，表示“……的机会”，需用动词不定式，故用to learn。 9．句意：在吉祥物问世之前，设计师们花了数月时间研究文化符号。空格处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，come的过去式是came。 10．句意：各个年龄段的人都喜欢这些可爱的小马，因为它们承载着深厚的文化内涵，也寄托着新年的希望。空格后是完整的句子，解释人们喜欢吉祥物的原因，需用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。 三．选词填空 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 bring food wide so problem protect important culture wonder build China’s Grand Canal (京杭大运河) is the longest man-made river in the world. Its system began in the Sui dynasty. At that time, Emperor Yang needed a faster way to move 1 from China’s south to the north in order to feed the army. He decided to connect old rivers and lakes to 2 a new canal. Later in the Yuan dynasty, the canal was repaired and new parts were built. It created a shorter way to Beijing. More and more people made a living along the river. Over time, it became very 3 for trade and communication. The Grand Canal plays a big role in exchanging (交流) many different 4 . It is said that Peking duck and Peking opera were 5 to Beijing through this waterway. In the same way, ideas, traditions and art spread 6 along the canal. Today, boats still travel on the river. The local governments want to bring in more tourists 7 they make the riversides beautiful. But there is a new 8 — many old buildings along the canal are knocked down. In order to 9 this historic treasure, people worked their best and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site (联合国教科文组织世界遗产) in 2014. The Grand Canal has been busy for more than 1,000 years. It is not only a man-made 10 , but also a symbol of communication between the south and the north in China. We are all proud of it. 【答案】1．food 2．build 3．important 4．cultures 5．brought 6．widely 7．so 8．problem 9．protect 10．wonder 【导语】本文介绍了京杭大运河的历史、作用、文化交流意义及保护现状，它是中国南北交流的重要象征。 【详解】1．句意：当时隋炀帝需要一种更快的方式把食物从中国南方运到北方，以便供养军队。句中需要名词作“move”的宾语，food“食物”，是不可数名词，符合“feed the army（供养军队）”的语境。 2．句意：他决定连接古老的河流和湖泊来修建一条新的运河。上文提到需要一条更快的运输路线，“connect old rivers and lakes”的目的是建造运河，to后面用动词原形表目的，build意为“修建”。 3．句意：随着时间的推移，它对于贸易和交通变得非常重要。上文提到越来越多的人沿河谋生，运河作用巨大，“became”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，important意为“重要的”，符合语境。 4．句意：大运河在交流许多不同的文化方面发挥着重要作用。上文提到“trade and communication”，下文又提到北京烤鸭、京剧等文化内容，“many different”后接可数名词复数，culture意为“文化”，复数是cultures。 5．句意：据说北京烤鸭和京剧是通过这条水路被带到北京的。上文讲运河促进文化交流，东西是通过运河被运送过来的，本句为被动语态，be动词后用过去分词，bring意为“带来”，过去分词是brought。 6．句意：同样，思想、传统和艺术沿着运河广泛地传播。spread“传播”是动词，需要副词修饰，wide“宽的”，副词形式为widely，意为“广泛地”，符合文化思想传播的语境。 7．句意：地方政府想吸引更多游客，所以他们把河岸变得美丽。前后句存在因果关系，so“所以”，连词，用于连接因果关系的两个分句。 8．句意：但有一个新的问题——运河沿岸的许多旧建筑被拆除了。“many old buildings along the canal are knocked down”是不好的情况，“a new”后接可数名词单数，problem意为“问题”，符合语境。 9．句意：为了保护这份历史瑰宝，人们尽了最大努力，并于2014年成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。“in order to”后接动词原形表目的，protect“保护”，符合人们维护世界遗产的动作目的。 10．句意：它不仅是一个人造的奇迹，也是中国南北交流的象征。上文讲大运河历史悠久、作用巨大，是了不起的工程，“a man-made”后接名词，wonder意为“奇迹”，符合语境。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $