Unit 2 Literature 定语从句、Ving（核心语法精练）英语新教材北师大版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-规则-应用”逻辑链系统整合定语从句与Ving形式，通过分类对比、口诀记忆等方法实现语法专项突破，提升语言运用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|定义+表格对比|关系词分类/动名词功能表|从核心概念切入，建立“定语从句构成/Ving特征”语法框架| |考点夯基|定语从句单选5+填空6；Ving填空17|that特殊用法口诀/动名词宾语动词口诀|聚焦基础考点，通过典型例题强化关系词选择/Ving形式辨析| |综合提升|语法选择20题+填空3篇+选词2篇|语篇语法应用技巧|从单句到语篇，实现语法知识的综合迁移与语境化运用|

Unit 2 Literature （核心语法精练） （定语从句、Ving） 目录 目录 知识回顾 1 考点夯基 5 定语从句专项练习 5 一．单项选择 5 二．单句语法填空 6 Ving形式专项练习 7 综合提升 9 一． 语法选择 9 二．语法填空 13 三．选词填空 16 定语从句 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 一．关系词分类 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 1.关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 Ving形式 一．动名词 1.概述 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词作宾语 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语与现在进行时辨析 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词区别 动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 二．现在分词（-ing） 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3）现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 定语从句专项练习 一．单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 4.I hate the dogs　　　live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.  A.who B.that C.what D.whom 5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great TV programme 　　　 brings the habit of reading back into the public.  A.who B.that C.what 6.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 二．单句语法填空 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people.  Ving形式专项练习 1.He went 　　　(野营)with us and taught us how to put up a tent.  2.Paper had already existed(存在) in China, but the process for 　　　(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality.  3.Amy practices 　　　(play) the piano for over two hours every day.  4.I’d like to give my thanks to Alice for 　　　(share)her exciting experiences in Africa.  5.People in ancient times believed that the plant could drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from 　　　(catch)an illness in winter.  6.I enjoy 　　　 (read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.  7.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth 　　　(read).  8.—China is getting better and better at making high technology products. —That’s right.People around the world can hardly avoid　　　 (buy)products made in China.  9.“On most days after school,” she says, “I take my son to basketball 　　　(train) and my daughter to dancing and piano lessons.  10.Friends are important to everyone;however, some people may have trouble 　　　(keep)their friendships.   11.Are you thinking about　　　(visit)the state?  12.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in 　　　(read) this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.  13.But after 　　　(have) three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes, I thought none could be more delicious than Chinese food, especially my favorite—huoguo.  14.It’s no use 　　　(cry) over spilt milk.  15.After being so afraid of　　　(fall), it was a comfort not to fear it anymore.  16.Suddenly the house began to shake.He stopped　　　 (listen)to music and rushed out.  17.Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat,　　　(wait)to be “liked”.  1． 语法选择 A （25-26九年级上·广东韶关·期中）Having Zao Cha, or morning tea, is a typical morning activity for people in Guangdong. Whether rich or poor, young or old, locals go to morning tea houses to drink tea or enjoy dim sum (点心) for breakfast. For them, 1 Zao Cha is not just a daily habit but also 2 important way of social communication. Guangdong morning tea dates back to the Qing Dynasty. It began 3 a small restaurant in Guangzhou called “Yi Li Guan”, which served tea and dim sum. Over time, more and more 4 tea houses appeared, and since then, Cantonese (广州的) people 5 the habit of drinking morning tea in tea houses. Today, on weekends or holidays, the whole family or good friends often get together for morning tea. It’s 6 an enjoyable way to pass time and relax completely. In morning tea, tea is a necessary part. The Cantonese prefer black tea 7 it warms the stomach and helps digestion (消化). Although a little bitter and 8 clear than green tea, it pairs perfectly with dim sum during morning tea. In addition, the Cantonese think 9 Oolong tea, Tieguanyin tea and pu’er tea are also popular choices. The morning tea culture is not only popular in Guangdong, but has also become a global trend (全球趋势). Thanks to the increasing number of overseas Chinese, Cantonese morning tea restaurants can now be found 10 in big cities like New York and even on some small islands in the South Pacific Ocean. 1．A．have B．having C．has 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．with B．to C．in 4．A．similarly B．similar C．similarity 5．A．develops B．developed C．have developed 6．A．considered B．considering C．consider 7．A．although B．because C．but 8．A．fewer B．much C．less 9．A．that B．if C．why 10．A．easy B．hardly C．easily B （25-26九年级上·广东韶关·期中）Let me share with you a basketball game I played two weeks ago. Our parents and friends went there 1 us. A lot of people were watching. We all wanted to win the game 2 front of so many people. The game was nearly over and we were one point behind. Our coach (教练) 3 us together and said “Okay, this is it! Either we score now 4 the game is over. Let’s work hard to score. Even if we don’t score, at least we know 5 we have tried our best. So, boys, don’t think too much. It doesn’t matter if we lose. Just do it.” Well, in the last minute of the game, we 6 scored and two teams tied (打成平局)! We went into overtime (加时) and we lost in the end. But after 7 game, the coach hugged all of us. He told us that he was touched because he had never seen a team try harder than us. To be honest, I feel a lot of pleasure in playing sports. It makes me 8 and comfortable. That’s why I play sports whenever I get the chance. So 9 advice is to choose a sport and keep doing it. No matter what sport you 10 , your body will thank you and your mind will be ready to work well. Just do it! 1．A．cheer B．cheering C．to cheer 2．A．in B．on C．at 3．A．call B．called C．calls 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．that B．if C．when 6．A．true B．truly C．truth 7．A．the B．a C．an 8．A．happy B．happier C．happiest 9．A．me B．my C．mine 10．A．do B．did C．is done 二．语法填空 A （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）The Chinese film Dead To Rights has offered a special way to look at history. It tells its story through 1 small photo studio during the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. In the ruined city, many people in the film hid in Jixiang Photo Studio for safety. 2 them, there was a postman, played by Liu Haoran, pretending to be a photography learner. He 3 (force) to develop films for Japanese soldiers, but he accidentally discovered pictures of their terrible crimes. At first, they just wanted to survive. But soon, they decided 4 (protect) the truth no matter what. The success of Dead To Rights comes not only from realistic sets but also from 5 (it) ability to touch people’s hearts. The movie doesn’t show big battles. Instead, it focuses on how normal people 6 (brave) stood up during those difficult times. Such stories make us believe that even ordinary individuals can become 7 (hero) in dark times. This also offers a 8 (good) way for young students to understand history than just reading textbooks-the film helps us grasp the weight of great sacrifices made in the past. It is a reminder that keeping the truth alive is a powerful act. 9 the film is serious, it passes on a message of hope. We should remember the history by 10 (keep) the truth in our hearts. B （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A person’s name is a gift from their parents. In the past  few years, Chinese parents 1 (pick) popular names like Zihan and Zixuan a lot. But now, names such as Fusu and Yongxi are probably 2 (common), said Beijing News. These names show that parents still like to pick names from 3 (tradition) culture. In fact, the ancient parents also chose popular names for 4 (they) children. For example, when Confucianism spread in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), names including kindness and trust 5 (prefer) by people. Characters such as “ren” and “de” were very common. The Tang Dynasty official Di Renjie was known 6 being fair. In his life, Di also showed the kindness 7 intelligence that his name stood for. In the old days, people also followed many 8 (rule) when naming their children. They often picked names like “sheng” and “rong” 9 (show) their hopes for their children. They also avoided using characters from rulers’ names out of respect. These rules showed that people believed 10 good name could help someone do well in life. C （2026·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Winding through the remains of a centuries-old watchtower, a four-legged robot checked the “health” of the ancient structure at Shanhaiguan Pass. With smart sensors (传感器) and cameras, the robot can 1 (exact) find problems such as cracks and missing bricks and report them to related departments in real-time. “The robot can take the place of humans 2 (perform) dangerous and difficult examinations, improving both the speed 3 quality of the Great Wall protection,” says Liu Liang, head of a research team from the Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration. Carefully 4 (check) the walls is the first step in the Great Wall protection. Zhang Peng, 38, is among the 5 (pioneer) who started using drones (无人机) in 2017 as part of regular checks over the walls. “Drones can help monitor (监测) walls that are 6 (possible) for humans to reach,” Zhang says. In recent years, China 7 (put) in a lot of effort to protect the Great Wall through the use of cutting-edge technologies. These technologies make the Great Wall stronger. At the same time, they work as a bridge connecting people 8 the Wall and raising public awareness of its protection. “We hope such application can inspire young 9 (people) love for the Great Wall and develop 10 stronger sense of responsibility for its future protection,” says Zhang. 三．选词填空 A （2026·甘肃张掖·三模）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。 part    or    answer    dry   slow    get   stop   deep  rose  in Can roses really grow in the desert? The 51 is yes. Yutian in Xinjiang has perfect conditions to grow some special 52 . It has a long history of rose growing. In the past, roses were mainly made into rose jam (酱). But 53 recent years, they have played an important 54 in keeping the desert from growing. Roses’ roots (根) go down over three meters 55 and make the sand stay close around the plants. In just two 56 three years, a single rose can grow into a group. These rose groups can 57 down the wind’s speed. Growing roses in the desert has greatly changed the local people’s life. “Last year, my family 58 63,000 yuan just from growing roses,” a farmer said. “It brings in income (收入) and helps to 59 the desert from growing. That’s something to be proud of,” he added. Today, Yutian’s rose industry has developed a lot. Over 30 rose products are now sold across China. The roses from this 60 land are now reaching far and wide markets. B （25-26九年级·四川·二轮复习）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确、通顺(每词限用一次)。 achieve deep describe expensive follow goal he honour science standard understand whether On December 8, Nature published its Top 10 People of the Year list. Two Chinese 1 were included in the list. Liang Wenfeng, founder of AI firm DeepSeek, was 2 for his role in pushing forward AI development. 3 team’s DeepSeek-R1 has been published on Nature’s cover as an “open weight”model, meaning that it can be downloaded and built on for free. Nature said this powerful but 4 large language model rocked the world. It shows that the United States is not as far ahead in AI as many experts thought. Du Mengran, a deep-sea researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was also named on the list. She and her team discovered new sea creatures and studied ocean changes, helping protect our blue planet. Nature 5 Du as a “deep diver”. They made history with 24 dives (潜水) to 9,000-meter depths. She thinks the deep sea is a wonderful “treasure house.” They discovered the world’s 6 animal ecosystem in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. This finding reshapes 7 of the way sea animals survive in extreme (极端的) environments. The news that our country’s talents are shining on the global science stage excites many Chinese teens. These two talents’ 8 show China’s growing influence in frontier (前沿的) research. 9 in the high-tech AI field or the unknown deep sea, their spirit of exploration encourages us 10 our dreams. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Literature （核心语法精练） （定语从句、Ving） 目录 目录 知识回顾 1 考点夯基 5 定语从句专项练习 5 一．单项选择 5 二．单句语法填空 6 Ving形式专项练习 7 综合提升 9 一． 语法选择 9 二．语法填空 13 三．选词填空 16 定语从句 什么是定语从句：I like a girl who is beautiful. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 一．关系词分类 分类 引导词 例句 关系 代词 who, whom, which, that, whose The man who is working there is my brother. This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday. The room whose window is open is mine. 关系 副词 when, where, why I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. This is the school where my mother works. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom (whom只作 宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She has a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台父母给买的电脑。 whose 定语 人、物 He’s a man whose opinion I respect.他是我尊重意见的人。 The classroom whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个教室是我的教室。 1.关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后作介词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。如: Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best?哪一个是你最喜欢的旅馆? (2)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在which,whom之前,构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (3)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? All who have seen the film were moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。 三．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 相当于 先行词 在从句中的句法功能 when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语 when、where 和 why引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。如: We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。 (3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如: That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。 Ving形式 一．动名词 1.概述 动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式。 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。 Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. =Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。 定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。 We should improve our teaching methods. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 2.动名词作宾语 1）want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。 如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理) 2）remember / forget / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。 如：I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了) 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 3. 动名词可以作表语与现在进行时辨析 如：My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) 4.动名词与现在分词区别 动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。如： Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 二．现在分词（-ing） 2.分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等 1）作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。 如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly.(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊！) 2）现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语) 谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语 keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) sb./sth. (do)ing 如：Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作) When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子) In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动) 3）现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。 如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 定语从句专项练习 一．单项选择 1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.  A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 【答案】C　 【解析】句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。 2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first.  A.whom B.what C.who D.which 【答案】C　 【解析】句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。 3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you.  —We will, Miss Chen. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 【答案】C　 【解析】句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。——我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。 4.I hate the dogs　　　live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.  A.who B.that C.what D.whom 【答案】B　 【解析】句意:我讨厌生活在隔壁的狗。它们整夜都在制造很大的噪音。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词dogs,关系代词用that或which,故选B项。 5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV? —Sure. It’s a great TV programme 　　　 brings the habit of reading back into the public.  A.who B.that C.what 【答案】B　 【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然,它是一个很好的电视节目,它把朗读的习惯带回给大众。本题考查定语从句。先行词为TV programme,关系词在从句中作主语,故选择B。 6.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to.  A.where B.who C.which D.what 【答案】C　 【解析】句意:她经常把车停到她能容易到达的房子附近。本题考查定语从句,which指代物,在从句中作宾语。故选C项。 二．单句语法填空 1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.  【答案】who　 【解析】设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。 2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle’s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.  【答案】who　 【解析】句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。 3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.  【答案】that/which　 【解析】句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。 4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.  【答案】that　 【解析】句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。 5.—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.  【答案】that/which　 【解析】句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。 6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people.  【答案】that/which　 【解析】句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。 Ving形式专项练习 1.He went 　　　(野营)with us and taught us how to put up a tent.  【答案】camping 　 【解析】他和我们一起去野营并教我们如何搭帐篷。go doing sth.去做某事,故填camping。 2.Paper had already existed(存在) in China, but the process for 　　　(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality.  【答案】producing　 【解析】for为介词,后面的动词应用v.-ing形式。produce应去掉不发音的e,加-ing,故答案为producing。 3.Amy practices 　　　(play) the piano for over two hours every day.  【答案】playing　 【解析】句意:Amy每天练习弹钢琴两个多小时。本题考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.练习做某事。 4.I’d like to give my thanks to Alice for 　　　(share)her exciting experiences in Africa.  【答案】sharing　 【解析】句意:我想感谢Alice,因为她分享了她在非洲激动人心的经历。设空处在介词for后,因此使用动名词形式。 5.People in ancient times believed that the plant could drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from 　　　(catch)an illness in winter.  【答案】catching　 【解析】前面有介词from,所以本空应用动名词形式。 6.I enjoy 　　　 (read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.  【答案】reading　 【解析】句意:为了更好地理解中国古诗,我喜欢大声朗读它们。考查非谓语动词。enjoy后动词应该用v.-ing形式,所以本题应填reading。 7.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth 　　　(read).  【答案】reading　 【解析】句意:——你读过《简·爱》这本书吗?——读过,它是一本名著,并且它真的值得一读。本题考查非谓语动词。be worth doing值得做某事,固定用法。 8.—China is getting better and better at making high technology products. —That’s right.People around the world can hardly avoid　　　 (buy)products made in China.  【答案】buying　 【解析】句意:——中国在制造高科技产品方面变得越来越好了。——是的,全世界的人几乎都不能避免买到中国制造的产品。本题考查非谓语动词。avoid后加动名词作宾语,由此可知答案为buying。 9.“On most days after school,” she says, “I take my son to basketball 　　　(train) and my daughter to dancing and piano lessons.  【答案】training　 【解析】本题考查名词。train v.培训,training是动词train的动名词形式。basketball training 篮球培训。 10.Friends are important to everyone;however, some people may have trouble 　　　(keep)their friendships.   【答案】keeping　 【解析】考查固定短语。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定短语,意为“做某事有困难”。 11.Are you thinking about　　　(visit)the state?  【答案】visiting　 【解析】介词about后面接v.-ing,故应填visiting。 12.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in 　　　(read) this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.  【答案】reading　 【解析】句意:三十多年前电视节目一上映,西方国家的孩子们对看这个故事很感兴趣,因为聪明的猴王一直为帮助弱者而斗争,从来没有放弃。become interested in+doing, 故正确答案为reading。 13.But after 　　　(have) three days of hamburgers, sandwiches and potatoes, I thought none could be more delicious than Chinese food, especially my favorite—huoguo.  【答案】having　 【解析】句意:但吃了三天的汉堡、三明治和土豆之后,我认为没有比中国的食物更好吃的了,尤其是我的最爱——火锅。after为介词,介词后面加动名词。 14.It’s no use 　　　(cry) over spilt milk.  【答案】crying　 【解析】句意:覆水难收。固定句型It􀆳s no use doing sth. 意为“做某事没有用”,故本题填crying。 15.After being so afraid of　　　(fall), it was a comfort not to fear it anymore.  【答案】falling　 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。of为介词,后需用动名词形式。 16.Suddenly the house began to shake.He stopped　　　 (listen)to music and rushed out.  【答案】listening　 【解析】句意:突然这座房子开始摇晃,他停止听音乐,冲了出去。stop doing sth.停止做某事。 17.Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat,　　　(wait)to be “liked”.  【答案】waiting　 【解析】句意:之后,我们把照片上传到微博或微信上,来等待“点赞”。设空处需要用动词的现在分词形式作状语,故答案为waiting。 1． 语法选择 A （25-26九年级上·广东韶关·期中）Having Zao Cha, or morning tea, is a typical morning activity for people in Guangdong. Whether rich or poor, young or old, locals go to morning tea houses to drink tea or enjoy dim sum (点心) for breakfast. For them, 1 Zao Cha is not just a daily habit but also 2 important way of social communication. Guangdong morning tea dates back to the Qing Dynasty. It began 3 a small restaurant in Guangzhou called “Yi Li Guan”, which served tea and dim sum. Over time, more and more 4 tea houses appeared, and since then, Cantonese (广州的) people 5 the habit of drinking morning tea in tea houses. Today, on weekends or holidays, the whole family or good friends often get together for morning tea. It’s 6 an enjoyable way to pass time and relax completely. In morning tea, tea is a necessary part. The Cantonese prefer black tea 7 it warms the stomach and helps digestion (消化). Although a little bitter and 8 clear than green tea, it pairs perfectly with dim sum during morning tea. In addition, the Cantonese think 9 Oolong tea, Tieguanyin tea and pu’er tea are also popular choices. The morning tea culture is not only popular in Guangdong, but has also become a global trend (全球趋势). Thanks to the increasing number of overseas Chinese, Cantonese morning tea restaurants can now be found 10 in big cities like New York and even on some small islands in the South Pacific Ocean. 1．A．have B．having C．has 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．with B．to C．in 4．A．similarly B．similar C．similarity 5．A．develops B．developed C．have developed 6．A．considered B．considering C．consider 7．A．although B．because C．but 8．A．fewer B．much C．less 9．A．that B．if C．why 10．A．easy B．hardly C．easily 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了广东早茶的文化。 【详解】1．句意：对他们来说，吃早茶不仅是一种日常习惯，也是一种重要的社交方式。 have有，动词原形；having动名词；has动词单三。此处作主语用动名词。故选B。 2．句意：对他们来说，吃早茶不仅是一种日常习惯，也是一种重要的社交方式。 a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词。此处表示泛指，important以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 3．句意：它始于广州一家名为“一厘馆”的小餐馆，供应茶和点心。 with和；to到；in在里面。begin with“以……开始”。故选A。 4．句意：随着时间的推移，越来越多的类似茶馆出现了，从那时起，广东人就养成了在茶馆喝早茶的习惯。 similarly相似地，副词；similar相似的，形容词；similarity相似点，名词。空后是名词，用形容词修饰。故选B。 5．句意：随着时间的推移，越来越多的类似茶馆出现了，从那时起，广东人就养成了在茶馆喝早茶的习惯。 develops发展，动词单三；developed动词过去式；have developed现在完成时。根据“since then”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 6．句意：这被认为是一种消磨时间和完全放松的愉快方式。 considered认为，动词过去分词；considering动名词；consider动词原形。此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故选A。 7．句意：广东人喜欢红茶，因为它能暖胃，有助于消化。 although虽然；because因为；but但是。后句是前句的原因，用because连接。故选B。 8．句意：虽然有点苦，不如绿茶清澈，但它在早茶中与点心完美搭配。 fewer更少；much多；less更少。根据“Although a little bitter and...clear than green tea”可知是有点苦，不如绿茶清澈，less clear“不那么清澈”。故选C。 9．句意：此外，广东人认为乌龙茶、铁观音茶和普洱茶也是受欢迎的选择。 that引导从句，无意义；if是否；why为什么。句子是宾语从句，从句不缺成分，主句完整，用that引导宾语从句。故选A。 10．句意：由于海外华人人数的增加，现在在纽约等大城市，甚至在南太平洋的一些小岛上，都可以很容易地找到广东早茶餐厅。 easy容易的，形容词；hardly几乎不；easily容易地，副词。根据“Thanks to the increasing number of overseas Chinese”可知由于海外华人人数的增加，所以很容易找到广东早茶餐厅，修饰动词用副词。故选C。 B （25-26九年级上·广东韶关·期中）Let me share with you a basketball game I played two weeks ago. Our parents and friends went there 1 us. A lot of people were watching. We all wanted to win the game 2 front of so many people. The game was nearly over and we were one point behind. Our coach (教练) 3 us together and said “Okay, this is it! Either we score now 4 the game is over. Let’s work hard to score. Even if we don’t score, at least we know 5 we have tried our best. So, boys, don’t think too much. It doesn’t matter if we lose. Just do it.” Well, in the last minute of the game, we 6 scored and two teams tied (打成平局)! We went into overtime (加时) and we lost in the end. But after 7 game, the coach hugged all of us. He told us that he was touched because he had never seen a team try harder than us. To be honest, I feel a lot of pleasure in playing sports. It makes me 8 and comfortable. That’s why I play sports whenever I get the chance. So 9 advice is to choose a sport and keep doing it. No matter what sport you 10 , your body will thank you and your mind will be ready to work well. Just do it! 1．A．cheer B．cheering C．to cheer 2．A．in B．on C．at 3．A．call B．called C．calls 4．A．and B．but C．or 5．A．that B．if C．when 6．A．true B．truly C．truth 7．A．the B．a C．an 8．A．happy B．happier C．happiest 9．A．me B．my C．mine 10．A．do B．did C．is done 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者两周前参加的一场篮球赛，虽然最终比赛虽失利，但教练肯定了大家的拼搏精神。作者也分享了自己热爱运动的原因，并用自身经历建议大家坚持运动。 1．句意：我们的父母和朋友去那里为我们加油。 cheer加油，动词原形；cheering加油，动名词/现在分词；to cheer加油，动词不定式。根据前文“Our parents and friends went there”，可知父母和朋友去现场的目的是为球队加油，用动词不定式表目的，故选C。 2．句意：我们都想在这么多人面前赢得比赛。 in在……里面；on在……上面；at在……。根据固定搭配“in front of”，可知此处表示“在……面前”，故选A。 3．句意：我们的教练把我们召集在一起说：“好了，就是现在！” call召集，动词原形；called召集，过去式/过去分词；calls召集，动词第三人称单数。根据前文“The game was nearly over”以及后文教练说的话，可知此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，故选B。 4．句意：要么我们现在得分，要么比赛就结束了。 and并且；but但是；or或者。either...or...表示“要么……要么……”，固定搭配。故选C。 5．句意：即使我们不得分，至少我们知道我们已经尽力了。 that无实义，引导宾语从句；if如果；when当……时。根据前文“we know”以及后文“we have tried our best”，可知此处是宾语从句，从句句意完整，用that引导，故选A。 6．句意：在比赛的最后一分钟，我们真的得分了，两队打成了平局！ true真实的，形容词；truly真正地，副词；truth真相，名词。根据后文“scored”，可知此处需用副词修饰动词，故选B。 7．句意：但比赛结束后，教练拥抱了我们所有人。 the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据前文提到的这场篮球赛，此处特指这场比赛，用定冠词the，故选A。 8．句意：它让我开心又舒适。 happy开心的，原级；happier更开心的，比较级；happiest最开心的，最高级。根据后文“and comfortable”，可知此处与comfortable并列，用形容词原级，故选A。 9．句意：所以我的建议是选择一项运动并坚持下去。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据后文“advice”，可知此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选B。 10．句意：无论你做什么运动，你的身体都会感谢你，你的大脑也会做好高效工作的准备。 do做，动词原形；did做，过去式；is done被做，被动语态。根据前文“No matter what sport”以及主语“you”，可知，此处用动词原形，故选A。 二．语法填空 A （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）The Chinese film Dead To Rights has offered a special way to look at history. It tells its story through 1 small photo studio during the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. In the ruined city, many people in the film hid in Jixiang Photo Studio for safety. 2 them, there was a postman, played by Liu Haoran, pretending to be a photography learner. He 3 (force) to develop films for Japanese soldiers, but he accidentally discovered pictures of their terrible crimes. At first, they just wanted to survive. But soon, they decided 4 (protect) the truth no matter what. The success of Dead To Rights comes not only from realistic sets but also from 5 (it) ability to touch people’s hearts. The movie doesn’t show big battles. Instead, it focuses on how normal people 6 (brave) stood up during those difficult times. Such stories make us believe that even ordinary individuals can become 7 (hero) in dark times. This also offers a 8 (good) way for young students to understand history than just reading textbooks-the film helps us grasp the weight of great sacrifices made in the past. It is a reminder that keeping the truth alive is a powerful act. 9 the film is serious, it passes on a message of hope. We should remember the history by 10 (keep) the truth in our hearts. 【答案】1．a 2．Among 3．was forced 4．to protect 5．its 6．bravely 7．heroes 8．better 9．Although/Though 10．keeping 【分析】本文介绍了中国电影Dead To Rights的故事背景与艺术价值。影片以1937年南京大屠杀为背景，通过一家小照相馆的视角，讲述普通人在乱世中守护真相的故事，强调了铭记历史、传递希望的意义。 【详解】1．句意：它通过1937年南京大屠杀期间的一家小照相馆来讲述故事。此处表示“一家小照相馆”，是泛指，且small以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 2．句意：在他们之中，有一位由刘昊然扮演的邮递员，假装是摄影学徒。此处表示“在(三者及以上的)……之中”，用介词Among，置于句首，首字母大写。 3．句意：他被迫为日本士兵冲洗胶片，却意外发现了他们暴行的照片。force“强迫”，动词原形，主语He为单数，且和force是被动关系，且故事发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was forced。 4．句意：但很快，他们决定无论如何都要守护真相。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，后接不定式to protect。 5．句意：Dead To Rights的成功不仅来自写实的场景，也来自它触动人心的能力。修饰名词ability，用形容词性物主代词，it“它”，主格/宾格，其形容词性物主代词为its“它的”。 6．句意：相反，它聚焦于普通人在那些艰难岁月里如何勇敢地站出来。此处修饰动词短语stood up，brave“勇敢的”，为形容词，其副词为bravely“勇敢地”。 7．句意：这样的故事让我们相信，即使是平凡的个体也能在黑暗时代成为英雄。主语individuals是复数，对应的hero也要用复数形式heroes。 8．句意：这也为年轻学生提供了一种比只读课本更好的理解历史的方式。句中有than，表示比较，good“好的”，形容词原级，其比较级为better。 9．句意：尽管这部电影很沉重，但它传递了希望的信息。前后为让步关系，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，用Although/Though，置于句首，首字母大写。 10．句意：我们应该通过将真相铭记于心来铭记历史。介词by后接动名词，keep“保留”，动词原形，其动名词为keeping。 B （25-26九年级上·广东深圳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A person’s name is a gift from their parents. In the past  few years, Chinese parents 1 (pick) popular names like Zihan and Zixuan a lot. But now, names such as Fusu and Yongxi are probably 2 (common), said Beijing News. These names show that parents still like to pick names from 3 (tradition) culture. In fact, the ancient parents also chose popular names for 4 (they) children. For example, when Confucianism spread in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), names including kindness and trust 5 (prefer) by people. Characters such as “ren” and “de” were very common. The Tang Dynasty official Di Renjie was known 6 being fair. In his life, Di also showed the kindness 7 intelligence that his name stood for. In the old days, people also followed many 8 (rule) when naming their children. They often picked names like “sheng” and “rong” 9 (show) their hopes for their children. They also avoided using characters from rulers’ names out of respect. These rules showed that people believed 10 good name could help someone do well in life. 【答案】1．have picked 2．more common 3．traditional 4．their 5．were preferred 6．for 7．and 8．rules 9．to show 10．a 【导语】本文讲述了过去和现在中国父母给孩子取名的偏好，以及古代父母取名遵循的规则，体现了名字所承载的文化意义和人们对名字的重视。 1．句意：在过去的几年里，中国父母经常选择像子涵和梓轩这样流行的名字。根据“In the past few years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“Chinese parents”是复数，助动词用have，“pick”的过去分词是“picked”。故填have picked。 2．句意：但现在，像扶苏和永熙这样的名字可能更常见。根据“But now”以及前文提到过去父母常选流行名字，现在这些名字可能更常见，这里用“common”的比较级“more common”表示“更常见”。故填more common。 3．句意：这些名字表明父母仍然喜欢从传统文化中挑选名字。此处修饰名词“culture”，应用“tradition”的形容词形式“traditional”，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。 4．句意：事实上，古代父母也为他们的孩子选择流行的名字。此处修饰名词“children”，应用“they”的形容词性物主代词“their”，表示“他们的”。故填their。 5．句意：例如，当儒家思想在唐朝（618 - 907）传播时，包含仁和信的名字受到人们的青睐。根据“when Confucianism spread in the Tang Dynasty”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语“names including kindness and trust”与“prefer”之间是被动关系，即名字被人们青睐，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用were，“prefer”的过去分词是“preferred”。故填were preferred。 6．句意：唐朝官员狄仁杰以公正著称。“be known for”是固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”，所以此处填“for”。故填for。 7．句意：在他的一生中，狄仁杰也展现出了他的名字所代表的善良和智慧。“kindness”和“intelligence”是并列关系，用“and”连接。故填and。 8．句意：在过去，人们在给孩子取名时也遵循许多规则。“many”后接可数名词复数，“rule”的复数形式是“rules”。故填rules。 9．句意：他们经常选择像“盛”和“荣”这样的名字来表达他们对孩子的期望。此处用动词不定式“to show”作目的状语，表示选择这些名字的目的是表达期望。故填to show。 10．句意：这些规则表明，人们相信一个好名字可以帮助一个人在生活中取得成功。“name”是可数名词单数，且“good”以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指“一个好名字”，用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 C （2026·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Winding through the remains of a centuries-old watchtower, a four-legged robot checked the “health” of the ancient structure at Shanhaiguan Pass. With smart sensors (传感器) and cameras, the robot can 1 (exact) find problems such as cracks and missing bricks and report them to related departments in real-time. “The robot can take the place of humans 2 (perform) dangerous and difficult examinations, improving both the speed 3 quality of the Great Wall protection,” says Liu Liang, head of a research team from the Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration. Carefully 4 (check) the walls is the first step in the Great Wall protection. Zhang Peng, 38, is among the 5 (pioneer) who started using drones (无人机) in 2017 as part of regular checks over the walls. “Drones can help monitor (监测) walls that are 6 (possible) for humans to reach,” Zhang says. In recent years, China 7 (put) in a lot of effort to protect the Great Wall through the use of cutting-edge technologies. These technologies make the Great Wall stronger. At the same time, they work as a bridge connecting people 8 the Wall and raising public awareness of its protection. “We hope such application can inspire young 9 (people) love for the Great Wall and develop 10 stronger sense of responsibility for its future protection,” says Zhang. 【答案】1．exactly 2．to perform 3．and 4．Checking 5．pioneers 6．impossible 7．has put 8．with 9．people’s 10．a 【导语】本文介绍科技在长城保护中的应用，包括四足机器人和无人机对长城的监测与检查。 【详解】1．句意：这款机器人搭载智能传感器与摄像头，能够精准发现墙体裂缝、砖块脱落等破损问题，并实时上报给相关部门。空格处修饰动词“find”，需用副词作状语，表示“精确地”，exact的副词形式是exactly。 2．句意：该机器人可以替代人工开展高危、高难度巡检工作，同步提升长城保护工作的效率与质量。“take the place of sb. to do sth.”意为“代替某人去做某事”，后接动词不定式作目的状语，故填to perform。 3．句意：河北省地质矿产勘查研究院课题组负责人刘亮表示：“该机器人可以替代人工开展高危、高难度巡检工作，同步提升长城保护工作的效率与质量。”空格连接“speed”和“quality”，表示两者都提高，需用并列连词and。 4．句意：细致巡查墙体是长城保护工作的首要环节。空格处在句中作主语，表示“检查”这一行为，需用动名词形式；位于句首，需首字母大写，故用Checking。 5．句意：38 岁的张鹏是先行者之一，他们早在 2017 年就启用无人机开展长城常态化巡检。“among the+可数名词复数”是固定搭配，pioneer的复数形式是pioneers。 6．句意：张鹏说：“无人机可以协助巡查人类难以抵达的城墙地段。”空格前“are”后需用形容词作表语；根据句意，表示“不可能的”，possible加否定前缀im-变为impossible。 7．句意：近些年，我国大量运用前沿科技，投入诸多力量开展长城保护工作。时间状语“In recent years”是现在完成时的标志，表示从过去持续到现在的动作；主语“China”是单数，put的现在完成时形式为has put。 8．句意：与此同时，这些先进技术搭建起大众与长城之间的桥梁，提升民众的长城保护意识。空格表示“连接……与……”，需用介词with，“connect...with...”为固定搭配。 9．句意：张鹏说道：“我们希望这类技术应用能够唤起年轻人对长城的热爱，让他们树立更强的长城长效保护责任感。”空格后“love”需用名词所有格作定语，表示“年轻人的”，people的复数所有格形式是people’s。 10．句意：张鹏说道：“我们希望这类技术应用能够唤起年轻人对长城的热爱，让他们树立更强的长城长效保护责任感。”“sense”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一种”，且stronger是辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。 三．选词填空 A （2026·甘肃张掖·三模）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。 part    or    answer    dry   slow    get   stop   deep  rose  in Can roses really grow in the desert? The 51 is yes. Yutian in Xinjiang has perfect conditions to grow some special 52 . It has a long history of rose growing. In the past, roses were mainly made into rose jam (酱). But 53 recent years, they have played an important 54 in keeping the desert from growing. Roses’ roots (根) go down over three meters 55 and make the sand stay close around the plants. In just two 56 three years, a single rose can grow into a group. These rose groups can 57 down the wind’s speed. Growing roses in the desert has greatly changed the local people’s life. “Last year, my family 58 63,000 yuan just from growing roses,” a farmer said. “It brings in income (收入) and helps to 59 the desert from growing. That’s something to be proud of,” he added. Today, Yutian’s rose industry has developed a lot. Over 30 rose products are now sold across China. The roses from this 60 land are now reaching far and wide markets. 【答案】1．answer 2．roses 3．in 4．part 5．deep 6．or 7．slow 8．got 9．stop 10．dry 【导语】本文介绍新疆于田利用玫瑰治理沙漠，玫瑰不仅能固沙防风、遏制沙漠扩张，还形成特色产业，带动当地居民增收致富。 【详解】1．句意：玫瑰真的能在沙漠里生长吗？答案是能。此处需要一个名词作句子主语。根据前文问句“Can roses really grow in the desert?”，后文给出肯定回应，方框内名词answer表示“答案”，符合问答逻辑。 2．句意：新疆于田拥有绝佳条件种植一些特殊的玫瑰。此处需要一个名词作grow的宾语。全文围绕rose玫瑰展开，some后接可数名词复数表泛指，rose变复数roses。 3．句意：但在近些年，它们在阻止沙漠扩张方面发挥着重要作用。此处需要一个介词搭配时间短语作状语。固定搭配in recent years意为“在近些年”，是时间固定短语。 4．句意：但在近些年，它们在阻止沙漠扩张方面发挥着重要作用。此处需要一个名词构成固定短语。固定搭配play an important part in…表示“在……中起到重要作用”，符合语境。 5．句意：玫瑰的根向下延伸三米多深，把沙土固定在植株周围。此处需要一个副词修饰动词go down。deep作副词表示“深深地”，用来描述根系向下生长的深度，符合语境。 6．句意：仅仅两到三年，一株玫瑰就能长成一丛。解析：此处需要一个连词连接两个数字。固定搭配two or three years表示“两三年”，or意为“或者”，用于数字之间表约数。 7．句意：这些玫瑰丛可以减缓风速。此处需要一个动词原形放在情态动词can后作谓语。固定搭配slow down意为“减缓、放慢”，符合玫瑰阻挡风沙、降低风速的语境。 8．句意：一位农民说：“去年，我家单靠种植玫瑰就收入63000元。”此处需要一个动词过去式作句子谓语。时间标志last year表示过去，get表示“获得、赚到”，过去式为got，符合赚钱语境。 9．句意：它既能带来收入，又能阻止沙漠扩张。此处需要一个动词原形放在不定式to后。固定搭配stop…from doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”，贴合前文玫瑰固沙治沙的内容。 10．句意：这片干旱土地产出的玫瑰如今销往各地广阔市场。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词land。前文多次出现desert沙漠，沙漠的特征是干燥干旱，dry是形容词“干旱的”，修饰land。 B （25-26九年级·四川·二轮复习）从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确、通顺(每词限用一次)。 achieve deep describe expensive follow goal he honour science standard understand whether On December 8, Nature published its Top 10 People of the Year list. Two Chinese 1 were included in the list. Liang Wenfeng, founder of AI firm DeepSeek, was 2 for his role in pushing forward AI development. 3 team’s DeepSeek-R1 has been published on Nature’s cover as an “open weight”model, meaning that it can be downloaded and built on for free. Nature said this powerful but 4 large language model rocked the world. It shows that the United States is not as far ahead in AI as many experts thought. Du Mengran, a deep-sea researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was also named on the list. She and her team discovered new sea creatures and studied ocean changes, helping protect our blue planet. Nature 5 Du as a “deep diver”. They made history with 24 dives (潜水) to 9,000-meter depths. She thinks the deep sea is a wonderful “treasure house.” They discovered the world’s 6 animal ecosystem in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. This finding reshapes 7 of the way sea animals survive in extreme (极端的) environments. The news that our country’s talents are shining on the global science stage excites many Chinese teens. These two talents’ 8 show China’s growing influence in frontier (前沿的) research. 9 in the high-tech AI field or the unknown deep sea, their spirit of exploration encourages us 10 our dreams. 【答案】1．scientists 2．honoured 3．His 4．inexpensive 5．described 6．deepest 7．understanding 8．achievements 9．Whether 10．to follow 【导语】本文介绍《自然》年度十大人物榜单中的两位中国科研工作者梁文峰与杜梦冉，分别讲述二人在人工智能、深海科考领域的研究成果，赞扬他们的探索精神，激励青少年追逐科研理想。 【详解】1．句意：两位中国科学家入选该榜单。后文介绍两位科研领域人物，方框science变形scientists表示“科学家”，Two后接可数名词复数，符合人物身份语境。 2．句意：深度求索人工智能公司创始人梁文峰，因推动人工智能发展所做的贡献而获表彰。固定搭配be honoured for意为“因……受到表彰”，本句为被动语态，honour变形过去分词honoured，贴合上榜受表彰的文意。 3．句意：他团队的DeepSeek-R1模型登上《自然》杂志封面。空格修饰名词team，需形容词性物主代词，对应前文Liang Wenfeng的人称代词he变形His，指代梁文峰的团队。 4．句意：这款强大且平价的大模型轰动全球。but连接并列形容词修饰model，结合后文built on for free（可免费搭建），expensive反义词inexpensive表示“平价的、不贵的”，符合免费开源的设定。 5．句意：《自然》杂志将杜梦冉称作一名“深海潜水员”。本句为主语Nature发出的动作，全文为一般过去时，describe变形过去式described，固定搭配describe sb. as...意为“把某人称作……”。 6．句意：他们在千岛海沟发现了全球最深的动物生态系统。the world’s后需形容词最高级，方框deep变形deepest表示“最深的”，匹配深海海沟极端环境的背景。 7．句意：这一发现重塑了人们对海洋生物如何在极端环境下生存的认知。空格作reshapes的宾语，需名词，understand变形understanding表示“理解、认知”，understanding of为固定搭配“对……的认知”。 8．句意：这两位人才的成就展现了中国在前沿研究领域日益提升的影响力。所有格talents’后接名词，结合二人科研成果的上下文，achieve变形复数名词achievements表示“各项成就”。 9．句意：无论是在高科技人工智能领域，还是未知深海……固定结构whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，用于并列两个不同领域，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：他们的探索精神激励我们追逐梦想。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，结合搭配our dreams，选用follow，不定式结构to follow表示“追逐”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $