精品解析：北京市北京师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

北京师大附中 2025—2026 学年（下）高二期末考试 英语试卷 考生须知： 1.本试卷有七道大题，共13页。考试时长100分钟，满分110分。 2.考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10分） Gardening changed how I see myself as a disabled woman. When I started gardening in 2018, I didn’t know anything about plants, let alone how to grow things we can eat. I thought gardening required a lot of ____1____tasks. As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them. The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day made me feel____3____ . But just like how I gradually learnt everything else as a disabled person, I had to ____4____how to garden my way. That first season, I visited my garden as much as I could. Noticing my interest in gardening, my neighbors in the community____5____offered me advice and support. Under their careful____6____, I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own. Finally, I was so proud to eat the tomatoes I grew and even shared some with neighbors. They tasted like summertime. Gardening has ____7____ how I see other parts of my life. As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs. I don’t think my plant is a heavy load because it needs more nutrition. I don’t ____9____ it for getting insects and not being able to fight against them. Gardening also helped me expand my social circle and grow close to people in our community. Over the years, gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life. I’m planting what I want to grow, and I have gained a lot of _____10_____from that. 1. A. simple B. physical C. pleasant D. urgent 2. A. change B. rest C. break D. move 3. A. anxious B. expectant C. motivated D. bored 4. A. look over B. show off C. bring back D. figure out 5. A. suddenly B. readily C. hesitantly D. casually 6. A. observation B. check C. discussion D. guidance 7. A. impacted B. ruined C. controlled D. recorded 8. A. support B. comfort C. burden D. threat 9. A. appreciate B. fault C. challenge D. forgive 10. A. justice B. access C. weight D. power 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者作为一个残疾女性在园艺方面的经历，她一开始觉得园艺需要许多费力的任务，因为她有遗传疾病导致骨骼易碎，所以她认为自己无法完成这些任务。但是经过自己努力和邻居的帮助，她成功地种植了蔬菜，并且园艺让她改变了对自己的看法，并且帮助她更加自信和拓宽社交圈。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为园艺需要很多体力劳动。A. simple简单的；B. physical身体的；C. pleasant愉快的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“gardening”以及后文的“I didn’t believe I could complete them.”可知，因为作者有着遗传性疾病，作者认为自己不能完成园艺，因为作者认为园艺需要很多体力劳动。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我有一种遗传疾病，导致我的骨头容易骨折，我不相信我能完成它们。A. change改变；B. rest休息；C. break破损；D. move移动。根据“As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition”可知，作者有着天生的一种遗传疾病即骨头容易骨折。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天坐在轮椅上照顾植物的想法让我感到焦虑。A. anxious焦虑的；B. expectant期待的；C. motivated有动力的；D. bored无聊的。根据前文“As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____ easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them”以及“The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day”可知，因为作者有先天性的疾病，作者认为自己不能从事园艺工作，因此每天坐在轮椅上去照顾植物的想法让作者感到非常焦虑。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：但就像我作为一个残疾人逐渐学会了其他一切一样，我必须弄清楚如何以自己的方式打理花园。A. look over查看；B. show off炫耀；C. bring back带回去；D. figure out弄明白。根据“how to garden my way.”可知，作者必须要弄明白自己如何去打理一个花园。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：注意到我对园艺的兴趣，社区里的邻居们很乐意给我提供建议和支持。A. suddenly突然地；B. readily乐意地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. casually随便地。根据“  Under their careful____6___ , I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own.”可知，作者社区中的邻居们很乐意地给作者提供建议和支持。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们的悉心指导下，我自己拔掉了杂草，给植物浇水。A. observation观察；B. check检查；C. discussion讨论；D. guidance指导。根据“my neighbors in the community ____5____ offered me advice and support.”可知邻居乐意帮助作者，作者应是在邻居们的悉心指导下照顾花园。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：园艺影响了我对生活其他部分的看法。A. impacted影响；B. ruined毁坏；C. controlled控制；D. recorded记录。根据“As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs.”可知，作者之前认为作为一名残疾女性，自己害怕被视为一种负担，并努力要求自己需要的东西。园艺帮助作者使我有需求这个事实正常化，由此可知园艺影响了作者对生活其他部分的看法。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名残疾女性，我害怕被视为一种负担，并努力要求我需要的东西。园艺帮助我使我有需求这个事实正常化。A. support支持；B. comfort安慰；C. burden负担；D. threat威胁。根据“struggle to ask for the things I need”可知，作为一名残疾女性，作者害怕被视为一种负担，所以努力要求自己需要的东西。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会因为它吸引昆虫并无法与它们作斗争而责怪它。A. appreciate欣赏；B. fault挑刺，指责；C. challenge挑战；D. forgive原谅。根据“for getting insects and not being able to fight against them.”可知，作者不会因为花园中有昆虫而挑剔花园的不当之处（不对之处）。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在种我想种的东西，我从中获得了很多力量。A. justice公正；B. access获取；C. weight重量；D. power权力。根据“gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life.”可知，园艺使作者对生活的各个方面都更有信心，因此作者获得了很多力量。故选D。 二、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共28.5分） 第一节 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 11. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A. a friend B. a pet sitter C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel 12. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A. Call the insurance company. B. Check the license from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 13. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. 【答案】11. B 12. B 13. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在主人外出旅行时，照顾并安置家中宠物的四种方式。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据Pet sitter中“This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates.(这是一个很好的选择，可以让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中，你会收到定期的更新)”可知，选择宠物保姆能让你的宠物待在一个熟悉的环境中。故选B项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Home boarder中“You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training.(你可以很容易地从当地议会找到并查看他们的家庭宠物执照，以及他们的保险细节和培训)”可知，想要给宠物找一个合适的寄宿家庭，可以查一下当地议会的家庭宠物执照。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable.(宠物是我们家庭的一部分，所以当你计划不带它们一起旅行时，把它们考虑进去是很重要的。宠物慈善机构蓝十字会建议提前做好计划，这样你就知道你的宠物会过得很舒服)”可知，本文是写给不计划带宠物出去旅行，而想要宠物得到照顾的人看的。由此推知，“一个要出差的养宠物的人”会觉得这篇文章有用。故选D项。 B Uday Bhatia’s enthusiasm for technology began in childhood. His interest was awakened when he received a drone (无人机) in the fourth grade, stimulating a curiosity about how machines work. By 14, he had taught himself computer science and created his first video game on Roblox. However, Uday’s passion wasn’t limited to coding and gadgets — he was deeply aware of societal issues. During the pandemic, he developed FindOurTutor, an e-tutoring platform to help students continue learning remotely. At 16, Uday, as part of a mentorship program, visited Bichpuri village in Uttar Pradesh and discovered a critical problem: the villagers faced six-to-eight-hour-long power outages. “When I learned that children were using flashlights and kerosene lamps to study, I wanted to find a solution,” he recalls. His research revealed that while most villages in India had been electrified, unreliable power supply remained a continuing issue in many rural areas, with some states like Rajasthan and Uttarakhand enduring power cuts lasting 10 to 12 hours a day. Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. The bulb, priced at Rs 250, about half the cost of other options, features dynamic-lumen technology and pulse-width modulation, which allows users to adjust the brightness. This feature extends the bulb’s illumination capacity to up to 10 hours, depending on the brightness level. Since its launch in May 2022, Smart OG bulbs have reached 10,000 homes across eight states. Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. For non-electrified regions, he developed the Glow Grid, a solar-powered lamp, launched this month. Uday’s innovations have earned him several awards, including the 2023 Diana Legacy Award. His long-term goal is to provide low-cost energy to every home, and he’s just getting started. 14. Uday Bhatia’s experience in Bichpuri village influenced him to ________. A. develop an interest in computer science B. create a low-cost, backup-based lightbulb C. launch an e-tutoring platform for students D. study power supply systems in other villages 15. What do we know about Uday’s inventions? A. They make energy easier to access. B. They bring innovation to global markets. C. They focus on sustainable energy solutions. D. They provide affordable lighting for rural areas. 16. Which of the following best describes Uday Bhatia? A. Innovative and commercial. B. Determined and socially aware. C. Creative and environmentally conscious. D. Technologically skilled and competitive. 【答案】14. B 15. D 16. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乌代·巴蒂亚开发了低成本的锂离子电池备用灯泡，为农村地区提供负担得起的照明。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. (他在自己的露台工作室里工作，尝试不同的设计，直到他开发出了一种低成本的锂离子电池备用灯泡Smart OutageGuard。)”可知，乌代·巴蒂亚在比奇普里村的经历影响了他创造出一种低成本的备用灯泡。故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. (乌代还成立了Uday Electric，这是一家营利性企业，与分销商、非政府组织、零售商和企业社会责任项目合作，为半电气化的农村地区提供负担得起的照明。)”可知，乌代的发明为农村地区提供负担得起的照明。故选D。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. (决心提供帮助，乌代在接下来的六个月里从教学视频中学习，并收集二手部件。)”以及倒数第二段“Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. (乌代还成立了Uday Electric，这是一家营利性企业，与分销商、非政府组织、零售商和企业社会责任项目合作，为半电气化的农村地区提供负担得起的照明。)”可知，乌代·巴蒂亚有决心和社会意识。故选B。 C When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 17. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Seek. C. Track. D. Monitor. 18. In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A. Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B. Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C. Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D. Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 19. What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned. 20. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B. Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C. Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D. Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B 【解析】 【导语】文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。 【17题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段的“such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可知，通过使人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步。bolster在这里的意思是“推动”。故选A。 【18题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集的方法有很多优势。人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步，例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可推知，转移学习可以最好地应用于预测未知疾病感染人数的情况。故选C。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.”（通过承认转移学习等小数据技术的成功，并分配资源支持其广泛使用，我们可以帮助克服关于数据在人工智能中的角色的一些常见误解，并促进新方向的创新。）可推知，作者对转移学习持乐观态度。故选B。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade”（ 但人工智能不仅仅是关于大数据集，在过去的十年里，对“小数据”方法的研究也得到了广泛的发展）可知，短文主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。故短文的标题为“小数据对于推进人工智能也至关重要”切题。故选B。 D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 21. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 22. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 23. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A. will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 24. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。 【21题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(减缓这一趋势的第一步是理解它。悉尼大学的保护生物学家凯瑟琳·格鲁姆萨伯和许多同事收集了1985年至2019年期间撰写的882篇论文，通过分析至少两个时间点的628个物种的DNA，追踪了它们的多样性变化。研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”可知，第三段的主要内容是用于追踪遗传多样性变化的研究方法。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat.(研究小组使用复杂的统计分析使数据具有可比性，使他们能够确定趋势，并将遗传多样性的丧失与洪水、栖息地破坏或其他干扰联系起来。他们还追踪了在面对各种保护措施时发生的情况，比如法律保护一个物种或留出和保护栖息地)”以及第四段“Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report.(格鲁曼和她的同事们报告说，三分之二的被分析数量表现出多样性的下降)”可知，研究告诉我们栖息地扩展和数量管理保护多样性。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.”(该方法只需要每个物种3小时的工作，表明58%的物种种群太小，无法维持其遗传多样性。这两种不同的方法都发现了多样性的下降，这一事实“使两种结果都更有说服力，”马斯特塔-扬斯说。“最终，基因多样性得到了应有的关注。”)”可知，Mastertta-Yanes认为，由于成本和复杂性，DNA方法缺乏实用性。故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species.(基因变异使一个物种能够适应气候变化、新疾病的出现和新敌人的出现。一个稍有不同的基因构成可以确保至少一些个体在危机时刻仍能安然无恙。但是，正如世界范围内的物种数量正在减少一样，许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少)”结合文章主要介绍了研究发现许多物种内部的遗传多样性也在减少，介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，这篇文章的目的是引起人们对防止多样性丧失的有效措施的注意。故选D。 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. ____25____ The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power” .____26____ For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. ____27____ That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. ____28____ Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. ____29____ Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Learn to view the problem as two parts. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. 【答案】25. B 26. F 27. D 28. G 29. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先解释了敏感性的定义和可能带来的问题，然后转向讨论不敏感性的力量，并给出了实践不敏感性的策略。 【25题详解】 由上文“Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. (敏感意味着你善于观察、细心和深思熟虑。这也可能意味着你有时会过度解释或过度反应感知到的批评或判断。如果你是一个高度敏感的人，你更有可能误读他人的信号，感觉到社会威胁，并努力适应新环境)”可知，这里需要一个总结如何应对高度敏感的句子。B选项“That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. (这就是麻木不仁的必要性的来源)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 【26题详解】 由上文“The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power”.(不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”)”可知，上文提到了“迟钝的力量”，接下来应该解释这种力量具体意味着什么。F选项“It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. (它意味着冷静面对挫折并坚定前行的能力)”恰当地解释了“迟钝力量”的正面含义，即在逆境中的韧性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【27题详解】 由下文“That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. (这就是为什么不敏感能让一个人更好地在竞争环境中生存和适应的重要原因之一。认识自己是困难的，但正确地认识自己无疑是一种优秀的能力——这是许多成功人士共有的特点，他们都清楚地知道自己的长处在哪里，自己能做什么，自己想要什么，以及要走的方向)”可知，后文提及自我认知能力及成功人士的特点，此处应引出不敏感与自我意识之间的联系。D选项“Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. (在不敏感的背后是一种强烈的自我意识)”指出不敏感实际上是基于对自我的深刻了解，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 【28题详解】 由上文“Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset.(练习不敏感包括几个关键的策略。首先，要自信。积极自信地表达我们的需求和意见。第二，树立前瞻性思维)”可知，该空需要接续前文关于前瞻性思维策略的内容。G选项“Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. (关注长期目标，而不是当下生活的起伏)”正好强调了如何实践前瞻性思维，即忽视短期波动，专注于长远规划，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【29题详解】 由下文“Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable (一旦你变得有点“生硬”，放慢节奏，你就会感觉更舒服)”可知，最后一段鼓励读者采纳不敏感的态度，并概述了这样做的好处。C选项“I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. (我希望每个人都能获得不敏感的能力)”作为总结性质的句子，鼓励大家学会不敏感，适合放在最后一段段首作为寄语，且能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 第II卷 三、根据语境拼写单词（本大题共6小题，共6分） 30. If you love reading and organizing knowledge, becoming a ________ (图书管理员) could be a wonderful career choice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】 librarian 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你热爱阅读和整理知识，成为一名图书管理员可能是一个绝佳的职业选择。根据汉语提示及空前不定冠词a，“图书管理员”在英文中对应词为librarian，为可数名词，在句中作表语。 31. Doctors often work under a tight ________ (日程安排), with almost no time to rest between patients. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】schedule 【解析】 【详解】句意：医生们通常工作日程很紧，在接诊病人之间几乎没有时间休息。根据汉语提示及空前不定冠词a，可用名词schedule表达“日程安排”之意，为可数名词，在句中作介词宾语。 32. She is a tough ________ (竞争者) and never gives up during races. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】competitor 【解析】 【详解】句意：她是一名强劲的竞争者，在比赛中从不放弃。根据汉语提示“竞争者”可知，此处为名词competitor，前面有不定冠词a，使用名词单数作表语。 33. A dog’s ________(忠诚) to its owner is one of the most touching things in the world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】loyalty 【解析】 【详解】句意：狗对主人的忠诚是世间最动人的事情之一。 此处名词所有格dog’s后需填名词作主语，“忠诚”对应的名词是loyalty，不可数。 34. As a ________ (小说家), she draws inspiration from her own life experiences and travels. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】novelist 【解析】 【详解】句意：作为一名小说家，她从自身生活经历与旅行中汲取灵感。根据汉语提示“小说家”可知对应名词novelist，空前有不定冠词a，此处使用单数名词。 35. The interviewer was impressed by her ________ (真诚) and passion for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】sincerity 【解析】 【详解】句意：面试官被她对这份工作的真诚与热忱打动了。形容词性物主代词her后接名词作宾语，“真诚”对应的名词是sincerity，不可数。 四、选词填空（本大题共4小题，共8分） 请根据语境选择词语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个词仅使用一次 contain, fix, window, charge, spot, balance 36. I need to ________ the details of my travel plan before booking the flight. 37. ________ by the rescue team just in time, the injured climber was sent to a nearby hospital. 38. He struggled ________ his anger when he heard the unfair criticism. 39. ________ across the finish line, the runner collapsed from exhaustion. 【答案】36. fix 37. Spotted 38. to contain 39. Charging 【解析】 【36题详解】 考查动词原形。句意：订机票前，我需要敲定旅行计划的各项细节。固定搭配need to do sth.(需要做某事)，空格处填动词原形；根据下文“the details of my travel plan before booking the flight”可知，此处应用fix the details意为“敲定细节”，符合语境。 【37题详解】 考查过去分词作状语。句意：救援队及时发现了这名受伤的登山者，他随后被送往附近医院。由下文“the injured climber was sent to a nearby hospital.”可知，表示 “登山者被救援队发现”，应选动词spot，the injured climber 和 spot是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，句首首字母大写。 【38题详解】 考查不定式作宾语。句意：听到不公的指责时，他努力克制自己的怒火。根据固定搭配struggle to do sth.(努力做某事)，空格处使用不定式结构；结合his anger可知，此处选用contain，contain one’s anger表示“克制怒火”。 【39题详解】 考查现在分词作状语。句意：这名跑步者冲过终点线，随即筋疲力尽地倒下。由下文“the runner collapsed from exhaustion”可知，跑步者冲过线，应选动词charge，表示“猛冲，冲刺”，the runner和charge是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，置于句首首字母大写。 五、语法填空：（本大题共9小题，共13.5分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An epidemic refers to an infectious disease spreading quickly among crowds within two weeks, whose classification depends on its death-rate baseline. Throughout history, deadly epidemics including the Black Death, the 1918 Spanish Flu, SARS and Ebola have struck the world, ____40____ (claim) numerous lives. Since bird flu first broke out in 1997, people ____41____ (worry) it may become a global epidemic. Therefore, all governments are determined to carry out systematic medical research and cooperate internationally ____42____ (defeat) future epidemics. 【答案】40. claiming 41. have worried##have been worrying 42. to defeat 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了流行病的定义、历史上重大疫病以及各国应对疫病的举措。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：纵观历史，包括黑死病、1918年西班牙流感、SARS和埃博拉在内的致命流行病袭击了世界，夺去了无数生命。动词claim与其逻辑主语deadly epidemics之间是主动关系，应用现在分词claiming作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自从禽流感于1997年首次爆发以来，人们一直担心它可能会成为全球流行病。根据Since bird flu first broke out in 1997可知，主句需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。主语people是集合名词，表复数概念，助动词用have，have worried侧重动作从过去持续到现在；have been worrying侧重动作持续至今且仍在进行，两个答案均符合语法和语境。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，所有政府都决心开展系统的医学研究并进行国际合作，以战胜未来的流行病。空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式to defeat。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Light-weight lithium, nicknamed white gold, is a multi-functional metal ____43____ density is lower than water. Widely ____44____ (apply) in lithium-battery-powered electronics, electric vehicles and power-storage stations, its alloys serve aircraft and high-speed train parts. Besides industry, lithium can treat bipolar disorder, ease negative emotions and reduce mental-related problems. Naturally existing in groundwater and vegetables, this element is ____45____ (constant) changing our daily life. 【答案】43. whose 44. applied 45. constantly 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了被称为“白金”的轻金属锂的特性、广泛的工业用途以及医疗价值。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：轻质锂，绰号“白金”，是一种密度低于水的多功能金属。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词metal，指物，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰density，表示“金属的密度”，应用关系代词whose引导。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：锂广泛应用于锂电池驱动的电子产品、电动汽车和储能电站，其合金用于飞机和高速列车部件。动词apply与其逻辑主语its alloys之间是被动关系，应用过去分词applied作状语。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：天然存在于地下水和蔬菜中的这种元素，正在不断地改变着我们的日常生活。空处修饰动词changing，应用副词constantly作状语，意为“持续不断地”。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Sir, what does the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight to learn and constantly review things one has learned’ mean?” A fourth grade student  ___46___ (pose) this question to the virtual Confucius on the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need to constantly review ___47___ we have learned. By doing this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant provided students with an ___48___ (interact) learning experience. It’s not rare. Nowadays, the integration of AI and education is changing the way schools are organized. 【答案】46. posed 47. what 48. interactive 【解析】 【导语】本文通过四年级学生向虚拟孔子提问古文名句的小故事，介绍 AI 助教带来互动式学习体验，点明当下人工智能与教育的融合正在改变校园办学模式。 【46题详解】 考查时态。句意：一名四年级学生向屏幕上的虚拟孔子提出了这个问题。后文动词replied 为一般过去时，前后时态保持一致，主语A fourth grade student是单数，pose的过去式为posed。 【47题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这句话的意思是我们要时常温习我们所学的知识。空处引导宾语从句，作review的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在这个案例中，人工智能助教为学生提供了交互式的学习体验。空格修饰名词experience，需要使用形容词，动词interact对应的形容词形式为interactive，意为“互动的”。 六、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式（本大题共3小题，共12分） 49. 想要活得从容自信，你要放下迎合所有人期待的欲望，专注于与你个人成长的优先事项相符的目标。 To live with calm and confidence, you need to ________ and ________ in personal growth. 【答案】 ①. let go of the desire to live up to everyone’s expectations ②. focus on goals aligned with your priorities 【解析】 【详解】表示“放下”应用let go of，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“迎合所有人期待的欲望”应用the desire to live up to everyone’s expectations；表示“专注于”应用动词短语focus on；表示“与……相符”应用aligned with，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语；表示“目标”应用goals；表示“你的优先事项”应用your priorities。 50. 为了在未来的就业市场中保持竞争力，我们必须有学习新技能和提出新想法的能力，并且要善于与人沟通且善于适应不断的变化。 To stay competitive in the future job market, we must have the ability, ________ and ________ be good at ________. 【答案】 ①. to learn new skills and come up with new ideas ②. to ③. communicating with others and adapting to constant changes 【解析】 【详解】第一空：to learn new skills and come up with new ideas 解析：the ability to do sth. “做某事的能力”为the ability to do sth；“学习新技能”为learn new skills；“提出新想法”为come up with new ideas； 第二空与前面the ability to... 并列，省略重复的have the ability，保留不定式 to；第三空，“与人沟通”为communicate with others；“适应不断的变化”为adapt to constant changes，be good at 后接动名词，所以“与人沟通且善于适应不断的变化”为communicating with others and adapting to constant changes 。 51. 我认为自己能够胜任该岗位，不仅因为我是一个敢于冒险和创新的人，还因为我拥有出色的沟通能力，并对工作中的挑战抱以积极心态。 I think I am qualified for this position not only because ________, but also because ________ in work. 【答案】 ①. I am a person brave enough to take risks and innovate ②. I possess excellent communication skills and hold a positive attitude towards challenges 【解析】 【详解】主句为一般现在时I think I am qualified for this position，陈述自身客观现状与能力，依据时态一致原则，前后两个because引导的原因状语从句均使用一般现在时。①处对应中文“我是一个敢于冒险和创新的人”，用一般现在时描述自身固有特质，核心短语take risks表示“冒险”，innovate表示“创新”，用brave enough to do修饰person，对应英文I am a person brave enough to take risks and innovate；②处对应中文“我拥有出色的沟通能力，并对工作中的挑战抱以积极心态”，用一般现在时描述自身长期具备的能力与心态，possess excellent communication skills表示“拥有出色沟通能力”，hold a positive attitude towards...是固定搭配，意为“对……抱有积极心态”，challenges in work指“工作中的挑战”，对应英文I possess excellent communication skills and hold a positive attitude towards challenges。 七、书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53题各2分，第54题3分，第55题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 52. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 53. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 55. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 【答案】52. Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 53. It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 54. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 55. 1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 【52题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 【53题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 【54题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 【55题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 第二节（20分） 56. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友 Jim 准备给其校报的 Technology and Life 栏目投投稿。他发来邮件询问你的建议，请用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 建议投稿内容； 2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear that you’re going to contribute an article to your school newspaper’s column Technology and Life. I’m writing to offer you some practical suggestions. I strongly recommend you write about how AI changes students’ daily study and life. You can take AI learning tools as examples, such as AI tutors that help us review knowledge and translate articles quickly. Besides, you can also mention the hidden risks of over-reliance on technology. The reasons are as follows. First of all, AI is closely connected with every student’s school life, so it will arouse readers’ great interest. What’s more, discussing both advantages and disadvantages makes your article objective and thought-provoking, which is more attractive to the editors. Hope my advice will be helpful to you. Looking forward to your excellent article! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】外国好友Jim准备给其校报的 Technology and Life 栏目投投稿。他发来邮件询问建议，本篇书面表达要求考生用英文给他回复。 【详解】1.词汇积累 实用的：practical → pragmatic 与……联系：be connected with → be linked to 激发：arouse → stimulate 有吸引力的：attractive→ appealing 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to offer you some practical suggestions. 拓展句：I’m writing to offer you some practical suggestions which can help you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you’re going to contribute an article to your school newspaper’s column Technology and Life. （运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】What’s more, discussing both advantages and disadvantages makes your article objective and thought-provoking, which is more attractive to the editors.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京师大附中 2025—2026 学年（下）高二期末考试 英语试卷 考生须知： 1.本试卷有七道大题，共13页。考试时长100分钟，满分110分。 2.考生务必将答案填写在机读卡和答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 3.考试结束后，考生应将机读卡和答题纸交回。 第Ⅰ卷 一、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共10分） Gardening changed how I see myself as a disabled woman. When I started gardening in 2018, I didn’t know anything about plants, let alone how to grow things we can eat. I thought gardening required a lot of ____1____tasks. As I have a genetic (遗传的) condition that causes my bones to ____2____easily, I didn’t believe I could complete them. The thought of taking care of plants in a wheelchair every day made me feel____3____ . But just like how I gradually learnt everything else as a disabled person, I had to ____4____how to garden my way. That first season, I visited my garden as much as I could. Noticing my interest in gardening, my neighbors in the community____5____offered me advice and support. Under their careful____6____, I managed to pull up the weeds and watered my plants on my own. Finally, I was so proud to eat the tomatoes I grew and even shared some with neighbors. They tasted like summertime. Gardening has ____7____ how I see other parts of my life. As a disabled woman, I fear being seen as a ____8____ and struggle to ask for the things I need. Gardening helped me normalize the fact that I have needs. I don’t think my plant is a heavy load because it needs more nutrition. I don’t ____9____ it for getting insects and not being able to fight against them. Gardening also helped me expand my social circle and grow close to people in our community. Over the years, gardening has made me feel more confident in every aspect of my life. I’m planting what I want to grow, and I have gained a lot of _____10_____from that. 1. A. simple B. physical C. pleasant D. urgent 2. A. change B. rest C. break D. move 3. A. anxious B. expectant C. motivated D. bored 4. A. look over B. show off C. bring back D. figure out 5. A. suddenly B. readily C. hesitantly D. casually 6. A. observation B. check C. discussion D. guidance 7. A. impacted B. ruined C. controlled D. recorded 8. A. support B. comfort C. burden D. threat 9. A. appreciate B. fault C. challenge D. forgive 10. A. justice B. access C. weight D. power 二、阅读理解（本大题共19小题，共28.5分） 第一节 A Pets are part of our family so it’s important to factor them in when planning a trip that you’re not taking them with you on. Pet charity Blue Cross advises planning well in advance so you know that your pet will be comfortable. Family and friends Leaving your pet in the care of a trusted friend or neighbour will give you peace of mind that it will be well cared for. Your pet will be able to stay with them in their home. Things to consider if your pet is staying in another house: · Do they have another dog or pet and will they get on with your pet? · Do they have a garden? Is the garden secure so your pet can’t escape? Pet sitter Pet sitters stay in or visit your home to look after your pet while you’re away for a fee. This is a good option which allows your pet to stay in a familiar environment and you will receive regular updates. How to find a good pet sitter: · Ask friends and family for recommendations for pet sitters. · Pet sitters don’t need a license to work, but reputable ones will be able to show you training and insurance certificates. · Check reviews online from independent review sites. Home boarder Home boarders are people that take pets into their own homes to look after for a fee. How to find a good home boarder: · Check their home has no obvious dangers, like exposed wires, toxic substances and unsecured fences. · Your pet is invited round to get to know the home and meet the family it’ll be staying with. · You can easily find and view their license to home board pets from the local council as well as their insurance details and training. Boarding kennels Kennels are an option, but it depends whether your pet is comfortable being left alone in a kennel environment around other pets. How to find a boarding kennel: · Get a personal recommendation, and check the kennel is licensed. · Ask if you can visit before you book. · Ask about insurance cover and the procedure for contacting a vet (兽医). 11. If you prefer your pet to stay in a familiar environment, you can leave it with _____. A. a friend B. a pet sitter C. a home boarder D. a boarding kennel 12. How can one find a suitable home boarder? A. Call the insurance company. B. Check the license from the local council. C. Check reviews from independent review sites. D. Invite him over to your home and meet your family. 13. Who may find this passage most useful? A. A vet who desires to change his job. B. A man who is considering adopting a dog. C. A couple who are planning to rent a house. D. A pet owner who will take a business trip. B Uday Bhatia’s enthusiasm for technology began in childhood. His interest was awakened when he received a drone (无人机) in the fourth grade, stimulating a curiosity about how machines work. By 14, he had taught himself computer science and created his first video game on Roblox. However, Uday’s passion wasn’t limited to coding and gadgets — he was deeply aware of societal issues. During the pandemic, he developed FindOurTutor, an e-tutoring platform to help students continue learning remotely. At 16, Uday, as part of a mentorship program, visited Bichpuri village in Uttar Pradesh and discovered a critical problem: the villagers faced six-to-eight-hour-long power outages. “When I learned that children were using flashlights and kerosene lamps to study, I wanted to find a solution,” he recalls. His research revealed that while most villages in India had been electrified, unreliable power supply remained a continuing issue in many rural areas, with some states like Rajasthan and Uttarakhand enduring power cuts lasting 10 to 12 hours a day. Determined to help, Uday spent the next six months learning from instructional videos and gathering second-hand components. He worked in his terrace (屋顶) workshop, experimenting with different designs until he developed the Smart OutageGuard (OG), a low-cost backup lightbulb (灯泡) with a lithium-ion battery. The bulb, priced at Rs 250, about half the cost of other options, features dynamic-lumen technology and pulse-width modulation, which allows users to adjust the brightness. This feature extends the bulb’s illumination capacity to up to 10 hours, depending on the brightness level. Since its launch in May 2022, Smart OG bulbs have reached 10,000 homes across eight states. Uday also founded Uday Electric, a for-profit venture that collaborates with distributors, NGOs, retailers, and CSR programs to provide affordable lighting to semi-electrified rural areas. For non-electrified regions, he developed the Glow Grid, a solar-powered lamp, launched this month. Uday’s innovations have earned him several awards, including the 2023 Diana Legacy Award. His long-term goal is to provide low-cost energy to every home, and he’s just getting started. 14. Uday Bhatia’s experience in Bichpuri village influenced him to ________. A. develop an interest in computer science B. create a low-cost, backup-based lightbulb C. launch an e-tutoring platform for students D. study power supply systems in other villages 15. What do we know about Uday’s inventions? A. They make energy easier to access. B. They bring innovation to global markets. C. They focus on sustainable energy solutions. D. They provide affordable lighting for rural areas. 16. Which of the following best describes Uday Bhatia? A. Innovative and commercial. B. Determined and socially aware. C. Creative and environmentally conscious. D. Technologically skilled and competitive. C When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related to your specific problem. Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since 2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attention. Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records. Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available. Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy. Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new directions. 17. What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Promote. B. Seek. C. Track. D. Monitor. 18. In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied? A. Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest. B. Designing a program that can read handwritten documents. C. Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness. D. Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location. 19. What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Unconcerned. 20. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit? B. Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI C. Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances D. Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI? D Genetic (基因的) variation is what allows a species to adapt as climate changes, new diseases arise, and novel enemies come on the scene. A slightly different genetic makeup can ensure at least some individuals will still do OK in times of crisis. But just as the number of species is declining worldwide, so, too, is the genetic diversity within many species. Until 2022, governments focused primarily on preventing species from disappearing. That year, however, when updating the United Nations’s Convention on Biological Diversity treaty (条约), participating countries agreed to start to look at genetic diversity as well. The first step toward slowing the trend is understanding it. Conservation biologist Catherine Gruéber from the University of Sydney and many colleagues gathered 882 papers written between 1985 and 2019 that tracked diversity changes within 628 individual species by analyzing their DNA at at least two time points. The team used complex statistical analyses to make the data comparable, enabling them to identify trends and correlate loss of genetic diversity with floods, habitat destruction, or other disturbances. They also tracked what happened in the face of various conservation measures, such as legally protecting a species or setting aside and protecting habitat. Two-thirds of the populations analyzed exhibited a decline in diversity, Gruéber and her colleagues report. That included species already known to be at risk, but it also included more common species. The implication is that those species may be less able to bounce back than expected during environmental change, says Alicia Mastertta-Yanes, a conservation geneticist. Some conservation efforts, such as ecological restoration or reducing pests (害虫), didn’t help much, the analysis found. But certain actions did seem to help, such as efforts to expand and protect habitat, introduce new individuals to declining populations, or connect two isolated populations. “It was pretty impressive that they were able to track what human disturbances and conservation actions had done,” says Moisés Alonso, an evolutionary geneticist who authored a preprint last year indicating that protecting existing habitat won’t be enough to prevent genetic diversity losses for many species. “We needed something like this,” he says. Conservation scientists emphasize the importance of continuing to monitor populations. But DNA methods aren’t always practical, some note. “It is relatively hard and expensive to measure genetic diversity directly,” Mastertta-Yanes says. To get around that, Mastertta-Yanes and others published a paper in Ecology Letters last year that used proxy (代替物) measures, such as population size, to evaluate genetic diversity in 919 species. The method, which only required about 3 hours of work per species, indicated that 58% of the species have populations that are too small to maintain their genetic diversity. The fact that these different approaches found declining diversity “makes both results more convincing,” Mastertta-Yanes says. “Finally, genetic diversity is getting the attention it deserves.” 21. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Challenges of collecting DNA data for diversity research. B. Findings on genetic diversity changes over the past 30 years. C. Research methods applied to track genetic diversity changes. D. Impacts of human disturbances on diversity of different species. 22. What can be learned from Grueber’s study? A. Habitat extension and population management preserve diversity. B. The diversity of common species tends to decline more severely. C. At-risk species better resist the impact of environmental changes. D. Ecosystem recovery and pest control drive population rise. 23. Mastertta-Yanes holds that DNA methods ________. A. will soon be replaced by proxy measures B. lack practicality due to their costs and complexity C. may get in the way of monitoring species populations D. require a large population size to achieve high accuracy 24. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To identify more effective methods applied in gene research. B. To advocate for using DNA methods exclusively in conservation efforts. C. To warn people of the threat posed by environmental changes on species. D. To draw people’s attention to effective measures against loss of diversity. 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. ____25____ The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power” .____26____ For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. ____27____ That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. ____28____ Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. ____29____ Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Learn to view the problem as two parts. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. 第II卷 三、根据语境拼写单词（本大题共6小题，共6分） 30. If you love reading and organizing knowledge, becoming a ________ (图书管理员) could be a wonderful career choice. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 31. Doctors often work under a tight ________ (日程安排), with almost no time to rest between patients. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 32. She is a tough ________ (竞争者) and never gives up during races. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 33. A dog’s ________(忠诚) to its owner is one of the most touching things in the world. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 34. As a ________ (小说家), she draws inspiration from her own life experiences and travels. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 35. The interviewer was impressed by her ________ (真诚) and passion for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 四、选词填空（本大题共4小题，共8分） 请根据语境选择词语，并用其恰当形式填空，每个词仅使用一次 contain, fix, window, charge, spot, balance 36. I need to ________ the details of my travel plan before booking the flight. 37. ________ by the rescue team just in time, the injured climber was sent to a nearby hospital. 38. He struggled ________ his anger when he heard the unfair criticism. 39. ________ across the finish line, the runner collapsed from exhaustion. 五、语法填空：（本大题共9小题，共13.5分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An epidemic refers to an infectious disease spreading quickly among crowds within two weeks, whose classification depends on its death-rate baseline. Throughout history, deadly epidemics including the Black Death, the 1918 Spanish Flu, SARS and Ebola have struck the world, ____40____ (claim) numerous lives. Since bird flu first broke out in 1997, people ____41____ (worry) it may become a global epidemic. Therefore, all governments are determined to carry out systematic medical research and cooperate internationally ____42____ (defeat) future epidemics. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Light-weight lithium, nicknamed white gold, is a multi-functional metal ____43____ density is lower than water. Widely ____44____ (apply) in lithium-battery-powered electronics, electric vehicles and power-storage stations, its alloys serve aircraft and high-speed train parts. Besides industry, lithium can treat bipolar disorder, ease negative emotions and reduce mental-related problems. Naturally existing in groundwater and vegetables, this element is ____45____ (constant) changing our daily life. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Sir, what does the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight to learn and constantly review things one has learned’ mean?” A fourth grade student  ___46___ (pose) this question to the virtual Confucius on the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need to constantly review ___47___ we have learned. By doing this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant provided students with an ___48___ (interact) learning experience. It’s not rare. Nowadays, the integration of AI and education is changing the way schools are organized. 六、补全句子：请根据括号中所给中文提示填空，注意使用恰当形式（本大题共3小题，共12分） 49. 想要活得从容自信，你要放下迎合所有人期待的欲望，专注于与你个人成长的优先事项相符的目标。 To live with calm and confidence, you need to ________ and ________ in personal growth. 50. 为了在未来的就业市场中保持竞争力，我们必须有学习新技能和提出新想法的能力，并且要善于与人沟通且善于适应不断的变化。 To stay competitive in the future job market, we must have the ability, ________ and ________ be good at ________. 51. 我认为自己能够胜任该岗位，不仅因为我是一个敢于冒险和创新的人，还因为我拥有出色的沟通能力，并对工作中的挑战抱以积极心态。 I think I am qualified for this position not only because ________, but also because ________ in work. 七、书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第52、53题各2分，第54题3分，第55题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 52. According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? _________________________________________________ 53. What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? _________________________________________________ 54. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. _________________________________________________ 55. Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) _________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 56. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，你的外国好友 Jim 准备给其校报的 Technology and Life 栏目投投稿。他发来邮件询问你的建议，请用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 建议投稿内容； 2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $